9

9 9.1 3

99.2 9.2.1 m(t) < fHT 1/2fHm(t)fHm(t) T(t)Tfs = 1/TT ms(t) = m(kT)

9

9M(f)(f)Ms(f)m(t)T(t)ms(t)m(t)T(t)M(f)(f)ms(t)Ms(f)

(f)

Ms(f)

9

M(f - nfs)M(f)nfsMs(f)fsM(f)

9f

9m(t)fHfs 2fHMs(f)M(f)Ms(f)m(t)M(f)

fsfH2fH

9fs 2fHfH

fs2fH 3400 Hz8000 Hz

99.2.2 fLfHfLfHB = fH fLfs

B n (fH / B)n =12 k (fH / B)0 < k < 1fsfL

9fLfHB0 fL < BB fH < 2Bn = 1fs = 2B(1 + k)k01fs2B4BfLBfH2Bn = 2k0fs = 2Bfs4B2BB fL < 2B2B fH < 3Bn = 2fs = 2B(1 + k/2)k01fs2B3BfL2BfH3Bn = 3k0fs = 2Bfs3B2B

9fL = 0fs 2BfLfs2BfLfHBfs2B fs

99.3 4 33(PAM)(PDM)(PPM)

9

9PAMPAMm(t)M(f)s(t)s(t)TS(f)Ams(t)m(t)s(t)ms(t)

sinc(nfH) = sin(nfH) / (nfH)

9PAM

9s(t)T (1/2fH)fs 2fHfHPAMms(t)PAMPAM

9

H(f)MH(f)Ms(f)

9

MH(f)Ms(f)H(f)1/H(f)

99.4 9.4.1 m(kT)TkNNM = 2NMMM

9

MM

9m(kT)mq(kT)q1, q2,,qi, , q66m1, m2, ,mi, , m5

m(kT)

9m(kT)mq(kT)

99.4.2 abM

qi

9Nq

mkm(kT)mqmq(kT)f(mk)mkEM

9mk

mk

99.1M[-a, a]

9

M

99.4.3 MvNq

9vvxyy = f(x)y x x

9

01y 01N

9xx x x

k

9

c (x = 1y = 1)k + c =0c = -kc y f(x)

x 0y - x0y0

9(ITU)A 1315A1315

9 AA

x y A A yxyx

9A

obobAb(x1, y1)

1/A, Ax1/(1+lnA)AAA87.6

913 A A13A

9x0181/2181/41/271/81/4601/1281y 88(x, y)12

12345678 161684211/21/4

93112312141313

913Ay0, 1/8, 2/8, 3/8, , 1AA87.6x1

x1y1y1

A(0, 0)(0.0114, 0.183)

9

131y = 1/8 = 0.125y1Ax1/128y > 0.183Axx

yA = 87.6

913A = 87.6A

I 876543210y =1-i/801/82/83/84/85/86/87/81Ax01/1281/60.61/30.61/15.41/7.791/3.931/1.98113x=1/2i01/1281/641/321/161/81/41/2112345678161684211/21/4

915AA87.6 1161613 213Ax1/2i (i = 0, 1, 2, , 7)Ax = 1/2iy = 1 i/8

9

A

x = 0y y = 0x = 1/28x = 0y = 0x = 1y = 1

x = 0y = 0x = 1y = 1(x < 1/128)255

9

15Ay018x

981515

i 012345678y = i/801/82/83/84/85/86/87/81x=(2i - 1) / 25501/2553/2557/25515/25531/25563/255127/2551 2551/81/161/321/641/1281/2561/5121/102412345678

915

9131515255/8131615131513AA87.6A94.18A

9 13131616326412825651210242048128117

99.59.5.1PCM3.153.965.006.386.806.42345676(quantized value)011100101110111110

93.153.965.006.386.806.42345676011100101110111110

3.153.965.006.386.806.42345676011100101110111110

9PCM

9

307.53c1 c2 c3IsIw1IwIw3Iw3c1c2c3807

9

c1c2c300001001201030114100510161107111

9 -0.5+7.5c1Iw=3.5Is < 3.5c1 = 0Is > 3.5c1 = 1c1c1c1 = 0Iw = 1.5c1 = 1Iw = 5.5Is < Iwc2 = 0Is > Iwc2 = 1c2c1 c2c1 c2 = 0 0Iw = 0.5c1 c2 = 1 0Iw = 4.5

99.5.2 4

151413121110981111111011011100101110101001100011111110110111001011101010011000765432100111011001010100001100100001000000000001001000110100010101100111

91607815

91100010000808871111101111578150158PCM

9138c1724(c2 c3 c4)384(c5 ~ c8)1616727 128

9

c2 c3 c481 1 11024~204871 1 0512~102461 0 1256~51251 0 0128~25640 1 164~12830 1 032~6420 0 116~3210 0 00~16

9

c5 c6 c7 c8151 1 1 1141 1 1 0141 1 0 1121 1 0 0111 0 1 1101 0 1 091 0 0 181 0 0 070 1 1 160 1 1 050 1 0 140 1 0 030 0 1 120 0 1 010 0 0 100 0 0 0

912x1/12816(1/128) (1/16) = 1/2048,(1/2048)18x1/2161/321/2048117 8000 Hz64 kb/s

99.5.3

138c1c8c1

9c17/11711

9-1+140961/20481+127013A8c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c81) c1+1270c1 = 12) c2 c3 c4c2128Iw1281270c21c21c3512Iw512c31

9c2 c311c4Iw10241270c41c2 c3 c41118

93) c5 c6 c7 c8168c51078Iw = 1536Is = 1270c5=0c634Iw = 1280Is < Iwc60c7Iw = 1152Is > Iwc7=1c8Iw = 1216Is > Iwc8=1

98c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 1111001183(1280-1216)/2 = 12481270 1248 = 2212481110011100000

9

c7Iwc8

9c81248c1

9 9.5.4 PCM PCMPe = 10-48P1 = 8Pe 8 10-42

P2

9N 20212N-1

9vi 2i-1 v0110+2i -1v -2i -1vQ

1/PeN1/NPeTs/NPe

9

Et[Q2] = (NPe)E[Q2]

fs 1/Ts

9G(f)

fH

fs = 2fH =1/Ts

9QeNq

9

(1/Ts2)

PCM

M2N

922(N+1)Pe > 1S / N 1/(4Pe) PCMNNfH2fHPCM2NfH b/sBNfH HzBNfHPCMB

99.6 DPCM9.6.1

91DPCM

ek = rk

mk*mkmk*mk

9

p ai mk prk = rkmk* mk*mk

99.6.2(DPCM)DPCMDPCM1

p = 1a1 = 1sk = sk-1*1TsDPCM

9

DPCM(ADPCM )

9DPCM DPCMqkmkmk*

ek(+, -)Mv

M = 4 vM

9

qk(- v/2, + v/2)qk(- v/2, + v/2)DPCMNfsfsN = log2Mqkf(qk)

9qk

0NfsPq(f)

fm

9DPCMek(+, -)T 1 / fs / T

A k

9Ak/TAmax

= (M 1)v / 2

99.7 9.7.1 (M)DPCMDPCM2DPCM

9

ek = mk mk + rk+ rk1+0-

9

mk* = mk*

9

m(t)m (t)e(t)e(t)TsT(t)+1-0

9

10

99.7.2

9Tsfs = 1 / Tsk fsfsfsfsPCMDPCM

9 -0 100/2/2

99.7.3 m (t)m (t)m(t)e(t)e(t)(-, +)e(t)f(e)

e(t)

90fsP(f)

fm

(fL / fs)

9A k AkAk,

Amax

Amaxfsk

9

fsfk

9DPCMDPCMM = 2, N = 1, DPCM

M

DPCMDPCMkb/sPCM(-)

99.8 9.8.1

98 kHz8000TsN Ts/N PAM

9

9PAM

9 TDM ITUTDM(PDH)(SDH)

9 9.8.2 (PDH)ITUE T

9

Mb/s64kb/sEE - 12.04830E - 28.448120E - 334.368480E - 4139.2641920E 5565.1487680TT 11.54424T - 26.31296T - 332.06448044.736672T 497.7281440274.1764032T5397.2005760560.1608064

9E

9E(E-1)30PCMPCM64 kb/s(overhead)32PCM2.048 Mb/sE-248.448 Mb/sE-334.368 Mb/sE-4139.264 Mb/s44

9E

911PCM8000 Hz125 s1(TS)13283230302TS0TS1630TS1TS15TS17TS31308TS0TS070011011TS07TS01*TS0(alarm)TS01*2103AA01481

9TS1630(CCS)(CAS)16TS16

9F0400004x1y01F1F15824500/2 kb/s

12345678F00000xyxXF1CH1CH16F2CH2CH17F3CH3CH18 F15CH15CH30

99.8.3 (SDH)SDHSDHSDH(STM)(SOH)125sSDH

9SDH

SDH444STM-1(AUG)(SOH) STM-NN AUGSOH

(Mb/s)STM-1 155.52STM-4 622.08STM-162488.32STM-649953.28

9PDHSDHPDHSTM-1155.52Mb/sPDH155.52Mb/s155.5263E-13E-31E-4STM-1TSDHPDH

9PDHSDH

9PDHC-n(n = 1 ~ 4)(VC-n)SDHITU125s500sVC-n (n=1, 2 ,3)VC-n (n=3, 4)C-n (n = 1, 2, 3)C-n (n = 3, 4)TUG-2TUG-3TU-n

9TU-n (n=1, 2, 3)VC-n(TUG)VC-nTUGTUG-2TU-1TU-2TUG-3TUG-2TU-3

9AU-n (n=3, 4)AU-3AU-4AU-4VC-4VC-4STM-NAU-3VC-3VC-3STM-NSTM-N(AUG)STMAUGAU-3AU-4

99.9