3

3.13.2 3.33.43.53.63.7

C++

3.1 (integer values)

6-37280+248571-12+00054L

long int816 unsigned int ()48U// unsigned int75UL// unsigned long372L// long75l// long (l 1)012 // 128 = 100x12// 1216 = 18

Int.cpp

// Int.cpp#include using namespace std;int main() { cout

Int.cpp

48U : 4875UL : 75372L : 37275l : 75012 : 100x12 : 18

(floating point numbers)

36.0-7.382+3.92L0.00+4.03.7f3.7F

(exponential notation)eexponentEe

float long double4.7 // double48.0F// float48.0f// float3.75L// long double4.26e12 // double4.26e+12L// long double (+)4.26E-12 // double

Float.cpp

// Float.cpp#include using namespace std;// ----- --------------------------int main() { cout

Float.cpp

4.7: 4.748.0F: 4848.0f: 483.75L: 3.754.26e12: 4.26e+124.26e+12L: 4.26e+124.26E-12: 4.26e-12

3.2 (variables) (constants) (declaration)

Int Age;floatHeight;AgeHeight (definition)

floata;

00010100

10001000

01101101

01010001

0065FDFC

short longintshortlonglong int Ia;long Ib;shortint Ic;short Id;

float double float double

float Fa;// Fa double Db;// Db

Average.cpp

// Average.cpp#include using namespace std;// ---------------------------int main(){int Number = 3;float a, b;float c = 5.6;float Average;a = 7.8;b=3.9; Average = (a + b + c) / Number; cout

(multiple declarations)float a, b;float a;float b;

cfloat c = 5.6;

(constant) 1.2.

const double TaxRate = 0.17;const float Inch2Meter = 0.024;const int Max = 1024;

lvalue () const int Max = 1024;Max = 2048;// !

(arithmetic operators)7

expressionx < 15.8x = y + sin( z )( x + y ) * 0.8 z

statementC++ x = a + b * sin( c ) ;;b++;y = ( b > 10.0 ) ;x = c + 5.0 ;

(1/2)1.

2.x = a + b * ( c + 6.5 ) +c * 105.8 4.0;x = a + b * ( c + 6.5 ) + c * 105.8 4.0;

(2/2)3. (operator) x=a+b;x = a + b;

(assignment statement):Value = expression;x = a + b;(1) expression(2) Value

(operand) (operator)x * yxy (operand)* (operator)

(unary operator) (binary operator) *, / %

---x xx y xy

6 + 4 * 8 % 3 * 6 - 56 + ((4 * 8) % 3) * 6 - 5

C++

1/2 03/7 015/2 7

(modulus operator) %1%2 13%7 315%2 1

(increment operator) (decrement operator)

N = N + 1N++ ++NN = N - 1N-- --NM = M + 1M++ ++MM = M 1M-- --M

++ -- (prefix)M = ++i;i = i + 1; M = i;

++ -- (postfix) M = i++; M = i;i = i + 1;

M = i++ * 5; M = i*5; i++;M = ++i * 5; i++;M = i*5;

(assignment operators)

()Num = Num + Inc;um += Inc;x = x * TaxRage;x *= TaxRate;y = y / Ratio;y /= Ratio;M = M % N;M %= N;

rvalue lvalue1. rvaluelvalueright value () left value () rvalue=rvalue2. compilerlvalue3. rvaluelvalue5 = x ;( b = 10.0 ) = a ;

- Convert.cpp

// Convert.cpp#include using namespace std;// ---------------------------int main(){ int a = 5; float x; x = a + 3.8; cout

(implicit type conversions)

(expression)a + 3.8ffloata + 3.8double

C++ 1.2.3. (assignment operation)lvalue

C++ () ; ();x = float (a) + 3.8f ;x = (float) a + 3.8f ;

sizeof () sizeof()

Size.cpp

// Size.cpp#include #include using namespace std;// ---------------- -------------------------int main(){ int a = 5; cout

Size.cpp

Size of int is: 4 bytesSize of short is: 2 bytesSize of (3.8f + a) is: 4 bytes

3.4 C++

Power3.cpp x3

// Power3.cpp#include #include using namespace std;// ------------ ----------------------int main(){ double x ; cout > x; cout

Power3.cpp

4.83: 110.592

(arguments) (Overloading)

pow()

x3

(x,3)

-- abs(x) fabs(x)

double x = -253.0427;cout

3.5 (Boolean data)truefalse C++ 0 true

(Relational Operations) (relational expression)x < 3.81 ( x 3.8 ) 0 ( x 3.8 )

(relational operators )

x > 10.0= b==x == y!=x != y

C++ (logical operators)

&&AND( a > b ) && ( c > d )||OR( x > 8.2 ) || ( y < 0.0 )!NOT! ( x < 0.0 )

! ++ -- -()-!a-(!a)* / %a*b/c( a * b ) / c+ - ()a*bc( a * b ) c< >=a+b

(1)a * b c < d(2)y = ( b > 10.0 ) ;

(De Morgan' s law)

( ORAND)

not (A and B)(not A) or (not B)not (A or B)(not A) and (not B)

!( x = a && y != b && z != c )

( x != a || y = b || z = c)

bool : BoolCheck.cpp

// BoolCheck.cpp#include using namespace std;// ----- --------------------------int main(){ bool b1, b2, b3, b4; b1= true; b2= false; b3= (3>1); b4= (3

BoolCheck.cpp

b1 = 1b2 = 0b3 = 1b4 = 0Size of bool is : 1 byteSize of b1 is : 1 byte

1. A~Za~z2.0~93. + $ - @ ! 128 'a''A' '$' '+' '5'

ASCIIASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchangea 01100001b 01100010Q = 8110 = 010100012

char Ch = 'f' ;// ch f

cout

BIG-5Unicode ()16

escape sequences\ (escape character)'\b' '\t' '\\'

Escape Sequencecode\n00001010(newline)\t00001001(tab)\b00001000(back)\f00001100(form feed)\r00001101(return)\\01011100 \\00100111 \00100010 \000000000

(string) "

"c+b=""""The answer is: ""\nCorrect""C:\\C++\\Examples\\File.cpp

'\0'

byte "c+b="// 5 ""// 5 "Good! "// 6 "\nAnswer: " //9 (bytes)

"Good!"

Good!\01 byte1 byte1 byte1 byte1 byte1 byte

""

\02 bytes2 bytes1 byte

// StringSize.cppStringSize.cpp// ----- --------------------------int main(){ cout

cout

3.7

~ (complement)>&AND^XOR|OR

~ (complement)>&AND^XOR|OR

AND AND

a01000001b01100010a & b01000000

XOR XOR

a01000001b01100010a ^ b00100011

OR OR

a01000001b01100010a | b01100011

~ ()

a01000001~a10111110

XN X >> N; XN 0 2 2

a10011010a >> 200100110

X

BitOp.cpp

// BitOp.cpp#include using namespace std;// ----- ------------------------------------int main(){ short Ia = 0x5678, Ib = 0x12ff; char C1 = 'A' ; cout