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Agenda

• 考情分析• 题型点拨• 技巧分享• 篇章演练• 模拟进阶

Part I

考情分析

阅读考情分析• 分值最重，题目最多。题型分为两部分。• Part A 共四篇文章，每篇文章设 5 题，共 20

小题， 40 分。涉及各种期刊类的原版文章。• Part B 一篇文章后有 5 个小题， 10 分。 以多

项对应和小标题对应，七选五的形式出现。

阅读 Part A 近五年真题分析

题型 2014年 2013年 2012年 2011年 2010年 总数

主旨题 2 2 1 1 3 9道

细节题 14 13 15 16 13 71道

语义题 1 2 3 1 2 9道

推断题 4 3 1 2 2 12道

How to get break-through?

Part II

题型点拨

常考题型分类常考题型分类

细节题语义题

主旨题

推断题

一、主旨题• 1. 主题类• ◇ The passage mainly discusses ...• ◇ What is the main idea of the passage?• ◇ What is the passage mainly about?• ◇ What does the writer mainly tell us?• ◇ Which of the following can summarize the main idea of

this text?• ◇ Which of the following best expresses the main idea?• ◇ What is the subject / topic discussed in the text?• ◇ This passage is mainly concerned with _______.

• 2. 目的类• ◇ What is the author’s main purpose in the

passage?• ◇ The author’s main purpose in writing the

passage is to ...• ◇ The passage is meant to ...

一、主旨题

• 3. 标题类• ◇ The best title for the passage might

be ...• ◇ What would be the best title for the

passage?• ◇ The best headline for this newspaper

article is ...

一、主旨题

解题技巧1 、 找出主题句；2 、概括和归纳出主题思想。

• Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.

• The text mainly discusses how to ______.• A. balance feeling good and spending money• B. spend large sums of money won in the lotteries• C. obtain lasting satisfaction from money well spent• D. become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

二、细节题• 1. 是非题• ◇ Which of the following statements is NOT true? • ◇ Which of the following is true about ...?• ◇ According to the passage / ..., which of the

following is true?• ◇ All of the following are (not) true / mentioned

EXCEPT ______. • ◇ The author mentions all of the items listed

below the following except _______.

• 2. 例证题• ◇ The author provides in line … (Paragraph

…) an example in order to_____.• ◇ The author gives an example in Paragraph

… mainly to show that _____.

二、细节题

• 3. 原因题• ◇ The author argues that ... because ______.• ◇ Why ....?

• 题干中常见的特征词包括：• because (of), in that, due to, why, result from,

originate from, attribute something to,

二、细节题

细节题解题技巧1 、准确定位，锁定范围。2 、以主题为导向，忠实原文为基础。

• It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

• According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

• A. A special tour B. A stylish car• C. A rich meal D. A big house

• 1. 词义猜测• ◇ What does the underlined word “...” in the first paragraph mean?• ◇ Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined

word?• ◇ The underlined word “...” most probably means ________.• ◇ The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by________.• ◇ According to the passage, the underlined word “...” is the closest in

meaning to “_____” ．

• 2. 指代内容• ◇ The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to ________.• ◇ Western people usually use “cat” to refer to “________”

三、含义题

解题技巧1 、寻找包含主干的句子。2 、利用上下文的正反关系确定题干在文章中的对应处。

• Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation.” If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which most did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

• Visual recognition is believed to be people’s_______.• A. rapid matching B. intuitive response• C. automatic self-defense D. conscious choice

• 1. 态度推断• ◇ What is the tone (mood) of the passage?• ◇ The author’s attitude towards ... might be

summarized as (seems to be) ______.• ◇ Which of the following can best describe the attitude

of the author towards. ..?• ◇ The author is most critical of _______.

四、推断题

• 2. 细节推断• ◇ The last sentence of the first paragraph

most probably implies that ______.• ◇ What does the image that the author

presents to her students suggest?• ◇ The statement suggests/ implies that...• ◇ In which of the following publication

would this passage most likely be printed?

四、推断题

• 3. 后续内容推断• ◇ In the next part ， the author would

most probably discuss ________.• ◇ What is most likely to be discussed in

the paragraph that follows?

四、推断题

• 4. 结论推断• ◇ It can be inferred / concluded that ...

• ◇ Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?

• ◇ We can learn / know from the passage that...?

四、推断题

• 5. 出处推断• ◇ The passage is most likely to be taken

from________.• ◇ Where would this passage most

probably appear?• ◇ The passage is most likely a part of

________.

四、推断题

推断题解题技巧1. 返回原文，将选项与原文一一对照。2. 如果涉及态度，一般应与作者态度一致。

• It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.

• What’s the author’s attitude towards watching TV?• A. supportive B. critical C. sympathetic D. ambiguous

Part III

技巧分享（ Part A ）

• Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （ 2011 年）

• Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.

• Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

• The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

• But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.

• 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _________.• A. gaining excessive profits• B. failing to fulfill her duty• C. refusing to make compromises• D. leaving the board in tough times• 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be ________.• A. generous investors• B. unbiased executives• C. share price forecasters• D. independent advisers• 23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise

departure, the firm is likely to ________ .• A. become more stable• B. report increased earnings• C. do less well in the stock market• D. perform worse in lawsuits• 24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________.• A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firm• B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm• C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm• D. will decline incentives from the firm• 25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is _____________.• A. permissive B. positive C. scornful

D. critical

• 四步解题法：• 1. 结构化阅读大意• Para.1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an

outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University.

• Para.2 Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board.

• Para.3. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.

• Para.4. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.

• 四步解题法：• 2. 关键词定位区间 • 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was

criticized for ___________ .• 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside

directors are supposed to be ________.• 23. According to the researchers from Ohio

University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to ________ .

• 24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________.

• 25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is _____________.

• 四步解题法：• 3. 醒目词精确信息 • 为了回答 21 题，我们找到第一段的醒目词如下：• Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an

outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.

• 为了回答 22 题，我们找到第二段的醒目词如下：

• Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

• 为了回答 23 题，我们找到第三段的醒目词如下：• The researchers from Ohio University used a database that

covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

• 为了回答 24 题，我们找到第四段的醒目词如下：

• But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.

• 四步解题法：• 4 、对比后判断决定

Part III

技巧分享（ Part B ）

• Part B 部分由两种备选题型。• 备选题型包括：• 1. 多项对应。试题内容分为左右两栏，左

侧一栏为 5 道题目，右侧一栏为 7 个选项，要求阅读后，从右侧 7 项中选出 5 项与原文和题目相对应的信息。

• 2. 小标题对应。在一篇文章前或者文章的段落前有七个概括句或小标题。要求从七个选项中选出与文章内容和篇章结构最恰当的5 个概括句或小标题。

• 真题演练技巧• 小标题对应

• Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

• A. Live like a peasant• B. Balance your diet• C. Shopkeepers are your friends• D. Remember to treat yourself• E. Stick to what you need• F. Planning is everything• G. Waste not, want not

• The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.

• 41. ___________________________________• Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu

in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.

• 42.___________________________________• This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in

handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.

• 43.___________________________________• You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the

freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.

• 44.___________________________________• Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal

eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They’ll let you have for free.

• 45._______________________________• You won't be eating out a lot, but save your

pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat. （ 2013 年）

• 技巧运用• 1. 重视关键词的灵魂作用• A. Live like a peasant• B. Balance your diet• C. Shopkeepers are your friends• D. Remember to treat yourself• E. Stick to what you need• F. Planning is everything• G. Waste not, want not

• 技巧运用• 2. 圈定各分段的关键词 • 41. _____________________• Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your week’s

menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.

• 42. _______________________• This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come

in handy. With them, there’s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.

• 43. ________________________• You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer

— that’s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off'” will be cooked or juiced.

• 44. _________________________• Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.

Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they’ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They’ll let you have for free.

• 45. _________________________• You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your

pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant — £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 — more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It’s £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino’s: I know which I’d rather eat.

• 技巧运用• 3. 排除多余两个干扰项

• 技巧运用• 4. 信息比对做出决定

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