H2O +| = 10-7 |H pH = -log [10-7] =7
H+ +OH-
pH = -log [H+] +] [H5
= =5
10
pH = -log [10-5] [H+] 8
= 10-
pH 9.0
H+ H+
H+ H+ -+ H
H+ --
H+
1. (active acidity) - H+ 2. (potential acidity) - H+
H H H H H H
H+
1.
2. 3.
4.
H+ Basic cation K+ Ca++ Mg++ Na+ NH+4 Nitrification H+ (acid
rain)
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H2CO3 HCO3H+ +
H+ Cation K+ H H H + ++
K+
-+ K
K+
H+ H+ -+ H K+
K+
K+
pH (pH 6-7) - -
1.
pH
Ca Mg K pH P pH Mn Fe Zn Cu pH
2. pH pH
pH 1. H+ 2. 3.
Al+ Fe+
Ca Mg - CaO, Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 - CaMg(CO3)2
Ca Ca+ CO2 + H2O Ca + Ca++ + H OH-
H H + CaCO3
Ca + Ca H2O
Na Ca Na + Na H2O
Mg K Na + Na+ + OHH
OHOHNa+ Na+ Na+ - - Na+ Na+ -+ H -
- - - CaCO3 CaCO3 + H2O +HCO-3 Ca+2 + OH-
8
1. - 2. 3.
3 1. (saline soil) 2. (sodic soil) 3. (soline sodic
4.0 4.0
(dS/m) SAR < 13 < 13 > 13 > 13
SAR (sodium absorption ratio) Na+ SAR = (Ca++ + Mg++)1/2
4 NaCl KCl - - (rock salt) - -
- (Electrical conductivity) EC (dS/m) 0 - 8
1. 2. 3. ( 4.
204)
- Na - (CaSO4 MgCO3) Na Ca Mg
Ca
+ Mg4Na+
Na Na Na Na
+ Ca++ + Mg++
Ca Mg
Na
1. Na Ca CaSO4 2. 3.
