7-MEDL Cardiovascular System

8/9/2019 7-MEDL Cardiovascular System

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Tutorial Class SeriesTutorial Class Series

Cardiovascular andCardiovascular andLymphatic SystemsLymphatic Systems

By Sawiji AmaniBy Sawiji Amani

Mobile phone: 081 !8 0!8Mobile phone: 081 !8 0!8

"#mail:"#mail: sawijiamani$%mail&comsawijiamani$%mail&com

Lecturer and ResearcherLecturer and Researcher

Nursing Basic Science DepartmentNursing Basic Science Department

Muhammadiyah Gombong UniversityMuhammadiyah Gombong University

March !!"March !!"
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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'eneral'eneral

(he cardiovascular system is a series o)(he cardiovascular system is a series o)tubes and a muscular pump that providestubes and a muscular pump that providesa *+"#,A- street )or blood. o/y%en. anda *+"#,A- street )or blood. o/y%en. and

nutrients&nutrients&Blood and nutrients travel throu%h bloodBlood and nutrients travel throu%h blood

vessels arteries. veins. and capillaries&vessels arteries. veins. and capillaries&

(he lymphatic system is responsible )or(he lymphatic system is responsible )or

drainin% e/cess 2uid )rom the tissues anddrainin% e/cess 2uid )rom the tissues andreturnin% it to the circulatory system&returnin% it to the circulatory system&


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(he cardiovascular system is )ueled by(he cardiovascular system is )ueled by

a muscular pump called the heart& (hea muscular pump called the heart& (he

heart is actually two pumps connectedheart is actually two pumps connected

by a S"3(4M&by a S"3(4M&

(he ri%ht side o) the heart pumps blood(he ri%ht side o) the heart pumps blood

that is de5cient in o/y%en to the lun%s&that is de5cient in o/y%en to the lun%s&

(he le)t side o) the heart pumps blood(he le)t side o) the heart pumps bloodthat is rich in o/y%en to the body&that is rich in o/y%en to the body&


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Combinin% 6ormsCombinin% 6orms

An%i7oAn%i7o

as7oas7o

vesselvessel An%io%ram recordAn%io%ram record

asospasm twitchin%asospasm twitchin%

aort7oaort7o aortaaorta AortostenosisAortostenosis

narrowin%narrowin%

Arterio7oArterio7o arteryartery ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosiscondition o)condition o)

hardenin%hardenin%

Ather7oAther7o 6atty pla9ue6atty pla9ue AtheromaAtheroma

Atri7oAtri7o atriumatrium AtrialAtrial

Cardi7oCardi7o heartheart Cardiome%alyCardiome%alyenlar%ementenlar%ement

"lectr7o"lectr7o electricelectric "lectrocardio%ram"lectrocardio%ram

record o) electricrecord o) electric


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3hleb7o3hleb7o

en7oen7o

veinvein 3hlebitis3hlebitis

enousenous

(hromb7o(hromb7o Blood clotBlood clot (hrombolysis(hrombolysis

destructiondestruction

o) a cloto) a clot

entricul7oentricul7o entricleentricle

brain orbrain orheartheart

nterventriculanterventricula

r septumr septumwall betweenwall betweenthe twothe two

ventriclesventricles


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(he ;eart(he ;eart

(he heart has three distinct layers o) tissue&(he heart has three distinct layers o) tissue&

1& endocardium1& endocardium

# deepest layer deepest layer& !& myocardium!& myocardium

# muscle# muscle

& epicardium& epicardium # outermost layer# outermost layer


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(he heart is a muscular or%an that(he heart is a muscular or%an that

pumps blood and is enclosed in apumps blood and is enclosed in a

membranous sac& (his sac allows themembranous sac& (his sac allows the

heart to beat without )riction&heart to beat without )riction&

(his sac is called the 3"


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3eri7cardi7ectomy3eri7cardi7ectomy

# s/ procedure e/cisin% the pericardium s/ procedure e/cisin% the pericardium&

3eri7cardi7o7rraphy3eri7cardi7o7rraphy

# suturin% a wound o) the pericardium suturin% a wound o) the pericardium&

My7o7cardi7umMy7o7cardi7um # the muscular layer o) the heart the muscular layer o) the heart&


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(here are two sides o) the heart&(here are two sides o) the heart&

(here are two vertical divisions o) the(here are two vertical divisions o) the

heart&heart&

(he top compartments are A(


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Abbreviations )or chambers:Abbreviations )or chambers:


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(he ventricles are lar%er than the(he ventricles are lar%er than the

atrium& (his is because the ventriclesatrium& (his is because the ventricles

are responsible )or pumpin% blood aare responsible )or pumpin% blood a

)arther distance than the atrium&)arther distance than the atrium&

*) the two ventricles. the le)t is lar%er*) the two ventricles. the le)t is lar%er

than the ri%ht& (his is because the le)tthan the ri%ht& (his is because the le)t

ventricle must pump blood to theventricle must pump blood to theentire body&entire body&


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A rapid contraction o) the atrium orA rapid contraction o) the atrium or

ventricle is @nown as a 6L4(("


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(he pre5/ >tachy#? re)ers to rapid&(he pre5/ >tachy#? re)ers to rapid&

a rapid heartbeat pulse:a rapid heartbeat pulse:

tachycardiatachycardia

(he pre5/ >brady#? re)ers to slow&(he pre5/ >brady#? re)ers to slow&

a slow heartbeat pulse:a slow heartbeat pulse:

bradycardiabradycardia


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Arteries brin% blood A,A- )rom the heart&Arteries brin% blood A,A- )rom the heart&

eins brin% blood (*,A


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(he blood brou%ht bac@ to the heart comes(he blood brou%ht bac@ to the heart comes)rom three sources:)rom three sources:

1&1&

S43"


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*nce inside the ri%ht atrium. the blood*nce inside the ri%ht atrium. the blood

must travel to the ri%ht ventricle& nmust travel to the ri%ht ventricle& n

order to do this. it must pass throu%horder to do this. it must pass throu%h

the (


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*nce inside the ri%ht ventricle. the blood*nce inside the ri%ht ventricle. the bloodpasses throu%h the 34LM*+A


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(he blood now has much o/y%en& t returns to(he blood now has much o/y%en& t returns to

the heart by the 34LM*+A


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(he contraction o) the le)t ventricle sends blood(he contraction o) the le)t ventricle sends blood

rich in o/y%en all over the body& (here arerich in o/y%en all over the body& (here are

three arteries that brin% blood to the head.three arteries that brin% blood to the head.

nec@. and upper e/tremities& (here is onenec@. and upper e/tremities& (here is one

major vessel that brin%s blood to the abdomenmajor vessel that brin%s blood to the abdomen

and lower e/tremities&and lower e/tremities&

Arteries are the lar%e vessels that brin% bloodArteries are the lar%e vessels that brin% blood

away )rom the heart& (hese vessels branch intoaway )rom the heart& (hese vessels branch intosmaller A


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(he primary responsibility )or initiatin%(he primary responsibility )or initiatin%the heartbeat is with the S+*A(


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*nce this occurs. the A node sends*nce this occurs. the A node sends

electrical impulses throu%h a series o)electrical impulses throu%h a series o)

B4+=L" B


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(he Cardiac Cycle and ;eart(he Cardiac Cycle and ;eart

SoundsSounds

(he CA


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(he atria and ventricles have dierent(he atria and ventricles have dierent

)unctions durin% the cardiac cycle&)unctions durin% the cardiac cycle&

,hen the atrium are contractin%. blood 2ows,hen the atrium are contractin%. blood 2ows

into the ventricles& (here)ore. the ventriclesinto the ventricles& (here)ore. the ventricleshave to be rela/in%&have to be rela/in%&

,hen the atria are in systole. the ventricles,hen the atria are in systole. the ventricles

are in diastole&are in diastole&

"lectrical activity o) the heart can be"lectrical activity o) the heart can be

measured by an electrocardio%ram "' ormeasured by an electrocardio%ram "' or

"C'&"C'&


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"'Es are electrical tracin%s o) each"'Es are electrical tracin%s o) each

part o) the cardiac cycle&part o) the cardiac cycle&

"ach time a dierent part o) the heart"ach time a dierent part o) the heart

contracts. an electrical impulse can becontracts. an electrical impulse can be

recorded )rom dierent areas on therecorded )rom dierent areas on the

thora/&thora/&


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3 wave si%nals atrialcontraction

F


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MicrocardiaMicrocardia

# small heart# small heart

Cardiome%aly me%alocardiaCardiome%aly me%alocardia

# enlar%ement o) heart# enlar%ement o) heart

Myocardial n)arction MMyocardial n)arction M

# heart attac@# heart attac@

;ypertension;ypertension

# hi%h blood pressure# hi%h blood pressure


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A(;"


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(o prevent blood clots. patients may ta@e(o prevent blood clots. patients may ta@ean A+(C*A'4LA+(& (hese are a%entsan A+(C*A'4LA+(& (hese are a%entsthat delay blood coa%ulation clottin%&that delay blood coa%ulation clottin%&

Anticoa%ulants are used to preventAnticoa%ulants are used to prevent(;


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An A+"4


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LymphaticsLymphatics

(he lymphatic system )unctions to drain e/cess(he lymphatic system )unctions to drain e/cess2uid )rom the tissues& (hey also act as %uards2uid )rom the tissues& (hey also act as %uardsa%ainst 2uid impurities&a%ainst 2uid impurities&

(he system includes lymph nodes. lymph vessels.(he system includes lymph nodes. lymph vessels.

and lymph 2uid&and lymph 2uid&

Combining Forms:Combining Forms:

Aden7o %landAden7o %land

Lymph7o lymphLymph7o lymph

Lymphaden7o lymph nodeLymphaden7o lymph nodeLymphan%i7o lymph vesselLymphan%i7o lymph vessel

Splen7o spleenSplen7o spleen


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7-MEDL Cardiovascular System