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Phng php gii
Phng php gii
Bi Tp Trc Nghim
Ho Hc
Luyn Thi i Hc
800 Cu Hi Trc Nghim Cc Th Loi
Cc phng php gip gii nhanh bi ton ho hc
Hng dn gii p chi tit
Cc b thi ngh
Ni dung phong ph
Phn I
H Thng Ho Cc Cng Thc
Quan Trng Dng Gii Ton Ho Hc* S Avogar: N = 6,023 . 1023* Khi lng mol: MA = mA / nA
mA: Khi lng cht A
nA: S mol cht A
* Phn t lng trung bnh ca 1 hn hp (M)
M = mhh hay M = M1n1 + M2n2 + ... = M1V1 + M2V2 + ...
nhh n1 + n2 + ... V1 + V2 + ...
mhh: Khi lng hn hp
nhh: S mol hn hp.
* T khi hi (d) ca cht A i vi cht B.
(o cng iu kin: V, T, P)
dA/B = MA/MB = mA/mB* Khi lng ring D
D = Khi lng m/Th tch V
g/mol hoc kg/lt.
* Nng phn trm
C% = mct . 100%/mdd
mct: Khi lng cht tan (gam)
mdd: Khi lng dung dch = mct + mdm (g)
* Nng mol/lt:
CM = nA (mol)
Vdd (lt)
* Quan h gia C% v CM:
CM = 10 . C% . D
M
* Nng % th tch (CV%)
CV% = Vct . 100%/Vdd
Vct: Th tch cht tan (ml)
Vdd: Th tch dung dch (ml)
* tan T ca mt cht l s gam cht khi tan trong 100g dung mi nc to ra c dung dch bo ho:
T = 100 . C%
100 - C%
* in ly (:
( = n/n0n: Nng mol cht in ly b phn ly hay s phn t phn ly.
n0: Nng mol cht in ly ban u hay tng s phn t ho tan.
* S mol kh o ktc:
nkh A = VA (lt)/22,4
n = S ht vi m/N
* S mol kh o iu kin khc: (khng chun)
nkh A = P . V/R . T
P: p sut kh t(C (atm)
V: Th tch kh t(C (lt)
T: Nhit tuyt i ((K) T = t( + 273
R: Hng s l tng:
R = 22,4/273 = 0,082
Hay: PV = nRTPhng trnh Meneleep - Claperon
* Cng thc tnh tc phn ng:
V = C1 - C2 = AC (mol/l.s)
t t
Trong :
V: Tc phn ng
C1: Nng ban u ca mt cht tham gia phn ng
C2: Nng ca cht sau t giy (s) xy ra phn ng.
Xt phn ng: A + B = AB
Ta c: V = K . ( A( . ( B (Trong :
( A (: Nng cht A (mol/l)
( B (: Nng ca cht B (mol/l)
K: Hng s tc (tu thuc vo mi phn ng)
Xt phn ng: aA + bB ( cC + dD.
Hng s cn bng:
KCB = (C(c . (D(d
(A(a . (B(b* Cng thc dng Faraday:
m = (A/n) . (lt/F)
m: Khi lng cht thot ra in cc (gam)
A: Khi lng mol ca cht
n: S electron trao i.
V d:
Cu2+ + 2e = Cu th n = 2 v A = 64
2OH- - 4e = O2 ( + 4H+ th n = 4 v A = 32.
t: Thi gian in phn (giy, s)
l: Cng dng in (ampe, A)
F: S Faraday (F = 96500).
Phn II
Cc Phng Php Gip
Gii Nhanh Bi Ton Ho Hc
Nh cc em bit Phng php l thy ca cc thy (Talley Rand), vic nm vng cc phng php gii ton, cho php ta gii nhanh chng cc bi ton phc tp, c bit l ton ho hc. Mt khc thi gian lm bi thi trc nghim rt ngn, nhng s lng bi th rt nhiu, i hi cc em phi nm vng cc b quyt: Phng php gip gii nhanh bi ton ho hc.
VD: Ho tan 6,2g hn hp 2 kim loi kim trong nc (ly d), thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn.
Nu ta dng cc phng php i s thng thng, t n s, lp h phng trnh th s mt nhiu thi gian v i khi kt cc khng tm ra p n cho bi ton.
Sau y chng ti ln lt gii thiu cc phng php gip gii nhanh cc bi ton ho hc.
Tit I. Gii bi ton trn ln hai dd,
hai cht bng phng php ng cho.
Khi chn ln 2 dd c nng khc nhau hay trn ln cht tan vo dd cha cht tan , tnh c nng dd to thnh ta c th gii bng nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng nhanh nht vn l phng php ng cho. l gii bi ton trn ln 2 dd bng Qui tc trn ln hay S ng cho thay cho php tnh i s rm r, di dng.
1. Th d tng qut:
Trn ln 2 dd c khi lng l m1 v m2, v c nng % ln lt l C1 v C2 (gi s C1 < C2). Dung dch thu c phi c khi lng m = m1 + m2 v c nng C vi C1 < C < C2Theo cng thc tnh nng %:
C1% = a1.100%/m1 (a1 l khi lng cht tan trong dd C1)
C2% = a2.100%/m2 (a2 l khi lng cht tan trong dd C2)
Nng % trong dd to thnh l:
C% = (a1 + a2).100%/(m1 + m2)
Thay cc gi tr a1 v a2 ta c:
C = (m1C1 + m2C2)/(m1 + m2)
( m1C + m2C = m1C1 + m2C2( m1(C - C1) = m2(C2 - C)
hay m1/m2 = (C2 - C)/(C - C1)
* Nu C l nng phn trm th tch, bng cch gii tng t, ta thu c h thc tng t:
V1/V2 = (C2 - C)/(C - C1)
Trong V1 l th tch dd c nng C1 V2 l th tch dd c nng C2Da vo t l thc trn cho ta lp s ng cho:
C2
C - C1
C
C1
C2 - C
hay c th hn ta c:
Nng % ca
Khi lng dd
dd c hn
m c hn
C2
C - C1
Nng % ca
C dd cn pha ch
C1
C2 - C
Nng % ca
Khi lng dd
dd long hn
long hn
T l khi lng phi ly = C2 - C
pha ch dd mi
C - C12. Cc th d c th:
Th d 1: Mt dd HCl nng 45% v mt dd HCl khc c nng 15%. Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dd trn c mt dd mi c nng 20%.
Th d 2: Ho tan bao nhiu gam KOH nguyn cht vo 1200 g dd KOH 12% c dd KOH 20%.
Th d 3: Tm lng nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dd H2SO4 98% c dd mi c nng 10%.
Th d 4: Cn bao nhiu lt H2SO4 c t khi d = 1,84 v bao nhiu lt nc ct pha thnh 10 lt dd H2SO4 c d = 1,28.
Th d 5: Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4 . 5H2O v bao nhiu gam dd CuSO4 8% iu ch 280 gam dd CuSO4 16%.
Th d 6: Cn ho tan 200g SO3 vo bao nhiu gam dd H2SO4 49% c dd H2SO4 78,4%.
Th d 7: Cn ly bao nhiu lt H2 v CO iu ch 26 lt hn hp H2 v CO c t khi hi i metan bng 1,5.
Th d 8: Cn trn 2 th tch metan vi mt th tch ng ng no ca metan thu c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 15.
Th d 9: Ho tan 4,59 gam Al bng dd HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi hi i vi hiro bng 46,75. Tnh th tch mi kh.
Th d 10: A l qung hematit cha 60% Fe2O3. B l qung manhetit cha 69,6% Fe3O4. Cn trn qung A v B theo t l khi lng nh th no c qung C, m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c 0,5 tn gang cha 4% ccbon.
Tit II. Phng php bo ton khi lng.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng (LBTKL) Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc sn phm cho ta gii mt cch n gin, mau l cc bi ton phc tp.
Th d 1: Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etilen glicol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hn hp A cn 21,28lt O2 ( ktc) v thu c 35,2g CO2 v 19,8g H2O. Tnh khi lng phn t X.
Th d 2: Ho tan 10g hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 v 3 bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra ( ktc). Hi c cn dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Th d 3: un dd cha 10g xt v 20g cht bo. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, ly 1/10 dd thu c em trung ho bng dd HCl 0,2M thy tn ht 90ml dd axit.
1. Tnh lng xt cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo.
2. T 1 tn cht bo c th iu ch c bao nhiu glixerin v x phng nguyn cht?
3. Tnh M ca cc axit trong thnh phn cht bo.
Tit III. Phng php phn t lng
Trung bnh: (PTLTB, M).
Cho php p dng gii nhiu bi ton khc nhau, c bit p dng chuyn bi ton hn hp thnh bi ton mt cht rt n gin, cho ta gii rt nhanh chng.
Cng thc tnh:
M = ahh (s gam hn hp)
nhh (s mol hn hp)
Th d 1: Ho tan 2,84g hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 bng dd HCl thy bay ra 672 cm3 kh CO2 ( ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u.
Th d 2: Trong thin nhin ng kim loi cha 2 loi 6329Cu v 6529Cu. Nguyn t lng (s khi trung bnh ca hn hp cc ng v) ca ng l 64,4. Tnh thnh phn % s lng mi loi ng v.
Th d 3: C 100g dd 23% ca mt axit hu c no n chc (ddA). Thm vo dd A 30g mt axit ng ng lin tip ta thu c dd B. Ly 1/10 dd B em trung ho bng dd xt (dd trung ho gi l dd C).
1. Tnh nng % ca cc axit trong dd B.
2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit.
3. C cn dd C th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Vy phi c mt axit c phn t lng nh hn 53. Axit duy nht tho mn iu kin l axit HCOOH (M = 46) v axit th hai c phn t lng ln hn 53 v l ng ng k tip. l axit CH3 - COOH (M = 60).
Tit IV. Phng php s nguyn t trung bnh (n).
p dng gii nhiu bi ton khc nhau c bit tm cng thc phn t 2 ng ng k tip hoc 2 ng ng bt k, tng t phng php M, cho php chuyn bi ton hn hp thnh bi ton mt cht.
Th d 1: t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm 2 hiro cacbon ng ng lin tip ngi ta thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) v 19,8g H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hiro v tnh thnh phn % theo s mol ca mi cht.
Th d 2: t chy 3,075g hn hp 2 ru ng ng ca ru metylic v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 c v bnh hai ng KOH rn. Tnh khi lng cc bnh tng ln, bit rng nu cho lng ru trn tc dng vi natri thy bay ra 0,672 lt hiro ( ktc). Lp cng thc phn t 2 ru.
Th d 3: trung ho a gam hn hp 2 axit ng ng lin tip ca axitfomic cn dng 100ml dd NaOH 0,3M. Mt khc em t chy a gam hn hp axit v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng KOH. Sau khi kt thc th nghim ngi ta nhn thy khi lng bnh 2 tng ln nhiu hn khi lng bnh 1 l 3,64 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca cc axit.
Tit V. Phng php tng gim khi lng.
Da vo s tng gim khi lng khi chuyn t cht ny sang cht khc nh khi lng mt hn hp hay mt cht.
Th d 1: C 1 lt dd Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43g hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dd . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7g kt ta A. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
Th d 2: Ho tan 10g hn hp 2 mui XCO3 v Y2(CO3)3 bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra ( ktc). Hi c cn dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Th d 3: Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 50g vo 400ml dd CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38g.
Tnh khi lng Cu thot ra v nng cc cht trong dd sau phn ng, gi s tt c Cu thot ra bm vo thanh nhm.
Th d 4: Ho tan hon ton 10g hn hp 2 kim loi trong dd d, thy to ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng, thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Tit VI. Phng php bin lun
lp cng thc phn t (CTPT).
C nhiu bi ton khng cc s liu lp CTPT. V th phi bin lun xt cc cp nghim s ph hp vi u bi, t nh ra CTPT.
Th d 1: T khi hi ca mt aneht A i vi hiro bng 28. Xc nh CTPT. Vit CTPT ca aneht.
Th d 2: Khi thu phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ru a chc vi mt axit n chc, tiu tn 1,2g xt. Mt khc, khi thu phn 6,53g este tiu tn 3g xt v thu c 7,05g mui. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca este.
Th d 3: Ho tan hon ton hn hp A gm Al v kim loi X (ho tr a) trong H2SO4 c nng n khi khng cn kh thot ra thu c dd B v kh C. Kh C b hp th NaOH d to ra 50,4g mui.
Khi thm vo A mt lng kim loi X bng 2 ln lng kim loi X c trong A (gi nguyn lng Al) ri ho tan hon ton bng H2SO4 c, nng th lng mui trong dd mi tng thm 32g so vi lng mui trong dd B nhng nu gim mt na lng Al c trong A (gi nguyn lng X) th khi ho tan ta thu c l 5,6l (ktc) kh C.
1. Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca X bit rng s ht (p, n, e) trong X l 93.
2. Tnh % v khi lng cc kim loi trong A.
Tit VII. Phng php gii ton lng cht d
Trong tng tc ho hc.
S c mt lng cht d thng lm cho bi ton tr nn phc tp, pht hin v gii quyt nhng bi ton ca dng ton ny, yu cu cc em phi nm c nhng ni dung sau:
1. Nguyn nhn c lng cht d:
a. Lng cho trong bi ton khng ph hp vi phn ng.
b. Tng tc ho hc xy ra khng hon ton, (theo hiu sut < 100%).
2. Vai tr ca cht d:
a. Tc dng vi cht cho vo sau phn ng.
b. Tc dng vi cht to thnh sau phn ng.
3. Cch pht hin c lng cht d v hng gii quyt.
Cht d trong bi ton ho hc thng biu hin hai mt: nh lng v nh tnh (ch yu l nh lng), v th cc em cn c k bi trc khi bt tay vo gii. Sau y chng ti xin gii thiu mt s v d:
a. Cht d tc dng ln cht mi cho vo:
Th d 1: em 11,2g bt Fe tc dng vi 1 lt dd HNO3 1,8M (to NO). Sau phi dng 2 lt dd NaOH phn ng hon ton vi dd sau phn ng. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng M ca dd NaOH dng.
Th d 2: em 80g CuO tc dng vi dd H2SO4 ta thu c dd A. Nh vo A mt lng dd BaCl2 va , lc kt ta sy kh, cn nng 349,5g. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
b. Cht d tc dng vi cht to thnh sau phn ng.
Th d 1: em 0,8mol AlCl3 trong dd phn ng vi 3 lt dd NaOH 1M. Hi cui cng ta thu c g? Bit tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Th d 2: t chy m g bt Fe trong bnh A cha 3,38lt kh Clo 0(C, 1 atm; ch cho tt c phn ng xy ra xong, ta cho vo bnh mt lng dd NaOH va th thu c kt ta em sy kh ngoi khng kh th nhn thy khi lng tng thm l 1,02g. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Vit tt c phn ng xy ra, tnh khi lng bt Fe dng.
Nhn bit cc cht hu c c nhm chc
Cc chtThuc thPhn ng nhn bitDu hiu nhn bit
R - OHNaR-OH+Na ( R-ONa+1/2H2(Si bt kh khng mu
C6H5OHNa
Br2C6H5OH+Na ( C6H5ONa+1/2
H2 (C6H5OH+3Br2 ( C6H2Br3OH(+3HBrSi bt kh khng mu
Kt ta trng
C6H5NH2Br2C6H5NH2+3Br2(C6H2Br3NH2( +3HBrKt ta trng
R - CHOAgNO3/NH3
Cu(OH)2R-CHO+Ag2O NH3 R-COOH +2Ag( to
R-CHO+2Cu(OH)2 to R-COOH +Cu2O( + 2H2O( Ag (trng gng)
( gch
R-COOHNa
Qu tm
Na2CO3R-COOH+Na ( R-COONa
+1/2H2
2R - COOH + Na2CO3 to 2R -COONa + H2O + CO2(Si bt kh khng mu
Ng mu
Si bt kh khng mu
H-C-OH
O AgNO3/NH3
Cu(OH)2H-COOH+Ag2O NH3 H2O + CO2 +2Ag( to
H-COOH+2Cu(OH)2 to 3H2O+ CO2+Cu2O(( Ag(trng gng)
( gch
H-C-OR
O AgNO3/NH3
Cu(OH)2H-C-OR+Ag2O NH3 HO-C-OR
O to O
+2Ag(H-C-OR+2Cu(OH)2 to HO-C-
O O
OR+Cu2O(+2H2O( Ag (trng gng)
( gch
CH2-OH
CH-OH
CH2-OHCu(OH)2CH2-OH
2CH-OH+Cu(OH)2(CH2-OH
CH2-O O-CH2 Cu
CH-O O-CH+2H2O
H H
CH2-OH HO-CH2Ho tan Cu(OH)2 to dd xanh lam
Glucoz
C6H12O6AgNO3/NH3Cu(OH)2CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+Ag2O NH3 CH2OH-(CHOH)4-COOH
to+2Ag
CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+ 2Cu(OH)2 to Cu2O(+2H2O + CH2OH-(CHOH)4-COOH( Ag (trng gng)
dd xanh lam, un nng to ( gch
Tinh btdd I2(C6H10O5)+I2 ( sn phm xanhHo xanh I2
SaccazozVi sa
Cu(OH)2c ( trong
dd xanh lam
Protit
(lng trng
trng)HNO3NhitProtit + HNO3 to mu vngMu vng
ng t
Tch ring cc cht hu c
Cht
hu cPhn ng tch v phn ng ti toPhng php tch ring
RuR-OH+Na ( R-ONa+1/2H2R-ONa+H2O ( ROH+NaOHChit, chng ct
PhenolC6H5OH+NaOH ( C6H5ONa+H2O
C6H5ONa+H2O+CO2(C6H5OH+NaHCO3Phenol khng tan trong dd chit ring
AnilinC6H5NH2+HCl ( C6H5NH3Cl
C6H5NH3Cl+NaOH(C6H5NH2+NaCl+H2OAnilin khng tan trong dd, chit ring
Axit tan trong nc2RCOOH+CaCO3((RCOO)2Ca+H2O+CO2((RCOO)2Ca+H2SO4 ( 2RCOOH+CaSO4(Lc, chng ct
AnehitCH3-CHO+NaHSO3 ( CH3-CH-OSO2Na( OH
CH3-CH-OSO2Na+NaOH ( CH3-CHO +
OH
Na2SO3 +H2OChng ct ly ring
Nhn bit cc cht v c (anion)
IonThuc thPhn ng xy raDu hiu phn ng
Cl-PO43-dd AgNO3Cl- + Ag+ = AgCl (3Ag+ + PO43- = Ag3PO4(( trng, vn cc
( vng
SO42-dd BaCl2Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4(( trng
SO32-dd HCl2H+ + SO32- = SO2( + H2O
SO2 + I2 + 2H2O = 2HI + H2SO4Bt kh lm I2 mt mu
CO32-dd HClCO32- + 2H+ = CO2( + H2O
CO2+Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3(+2H2OBt kh lm c nc vi trong
S2-dd Pb(NO3)2Pb2 + S2- = PbS(( en
NO3-dd H2SO4, Cu, toCu + 4H+ + 2NO3 - = Cu2+ + 2NO2( + 2H2OKh nu bay ra
Nhn bit cc cht v c (Cation)
Cu2+dd NaOHCu2+ + 2OH- = Cu(OH)2((xanh
Ag+dd NaClAg+ + Cl- = AgCl((trng
NH4+NaOH, toNH4+ + OH- = NH3( + H2Omi khai, lm xanh qu tm
Mg2+dd NaOHMg2+ + 2OH- = Mg(OH)2((trng
Ca2+dd SO42-Ca2+ + SO42- = CaSO4((trng
Ba2+dd SO42-Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4((trng
Zn2+Al3+Cr3+dd NaOH dZn2+ + 2OH- = Zb(OH)2(Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- = ZnO22- + 2H2O(trng, tan trong NaOH d
Fe2+dd NaOHFe2+ + 2OH- = Fe(OH)2( trng xanh
4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 = 4Fe(OH)3( nu(trng, ho nu ngoi ko kh
Fe3+d NaOHFe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3((nu
Cc Ch Quan Trng
Khi Gii Ton Ho Hc
Tit I. Phn hu c
1. Ton ru:
* Ru khng phi l axit, khng tc dng vi kim, khng tc dng vi kim loi khc, ch tc dng vi kim loi kim.
* Khi este ho hn hp 2 ru khc nhau, ta thu c 3 ete; khi ete ho hn hp 3 ru khc nhau ta thu c 6 ete.
* Khi oxi ho ru bc 1 khng hon ton c th thu c axit, anehit tng ng (s nguyn t C nh nhau), ru d v nc. Ho tnh ca sn phm ny rt phc tp, cn xt c th tng trng hp.
VD: Khi oxi ho khng hon ton ru metylic
H-COOH
[O] H-CHO
CH3OH ( CH3OH (d)
xt,toH2O
Trong hn hp sn phm c 4 cht. N s cho phn ng trng bc (ca HCHO, HCOOH), phn ng vi baz (ca HCOOH)
* Ru a chc c 2 nhm OH tr ln lin kt vi cc nguyn t C k tip nhau u cho phn ng ho tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dd mu xanh lam.
VD:
2CH2 - OH
CH2 - O
O - CH2+ Cu(OH)2 (
Cu
CH2 - OH
CH2 - O
O - CH2
H H
* Nu c 2 hoc 3 nhm OH cng nh vo 1 nguyn t C, ru s t hu thnh cc cht khc bn hn.
OH
R - CH ( R - CHO + H2O
OH
OH
R - C - OH ( R - C - OH + H2O
OH O
OH
R - C - R ( R - C - R + H2O
OH O
* Nu c nhm OH tnh vo C c ni i, ru km bn, t hu thnh cht khc:
R - CH = CH - OH ( R - CH2 - CHO
2. Ton anehit:
* Ta da vo s mol Ag trong phn ng trng bc suy ra s nhm chc -CHO
R(CHO)x + xAg2O NH3 R(COOH)x + 2xAg(
to* Ta da vo t l s mol anehit v s mol H2 trong phn ng cng hp xc nh anehit no hay i.
VD: CH2 = CH - CHO + 2H2 Ni CH3 - CH2 - CH2OH
to* Ch c anehit fomic khi tham gia phn ng trng gng cho ta t l: 1 mol anehit ( 4 mol Ag. Cho nn khi gii bi ton tm cng thc ca anehit n chc, bc 1 nn gi s anehit ny khng phi l anehit fomic, v sau khi gii xong phi th li nu l anehit fomic th c ph hp vi u bi hay khng.
3. Ton axit:
* Phn ng trung ho axit:
R(COOH)x + xNaOH ( R(COONa)x + xH2O
* Axit fomic c th cho phn ng trng gng, hay phn ng kh Cu(OH)2:
H - COOH + Ag2O NH3 H2O + CO2( + 2Ag( to* Xt phn ng:
RCOOH + NaOH ( RCOONa + H2O
Khi lng 1 mol mui RCOONa nng hn 1 mol axit RCOOH l: 23 - 1 = 22g
4. Ton este:* Phn ng este ho (to este) l phn ng thun nghch:
RCOOH + ROH ( RCOOR + H2O
xc nh nng cc cht 1 thi im nht nh, ta phi da vo hng s cn bng:
Kcb = ([RCOOR].[H2O])/([RCOOH].[ROH])
* Cc phn ng c bit:
+ R - COOCH = CHR + NaOH to RCOONa + R - CH2 - CHO
Mui Anehit
+ R - COOC6H5 + 2NaOH to RCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
Mui Mui
+ H - C - OR + Ag2O NH3 HO - C - OR + 2Ag( O to O
Tit II. Phn v c - Ton kim loi
* Nu c nhiu kim loi trc tip tan trong nc to thnh dd kim, v sau ly dd kim trung ho bng hn hp axit th nn tnh theo dng ion cho n gin.
* Khi ho tan hon ton kim loi kim A v kim loi kim B ho tr n vo nc th c hai kh nng:
- B l kim loi tan trc tip (nh Cu, Ba) to thnh kim.
- B l kim loi c hiroxit lng tnh, lc n s tc dng vi kim (do A to ra).
VD: Ho tan Na v Al vo nc:
Na + H2O = NaOH + 1/2H2(Al + H2O + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 3/2H2(* Khi kim loi tan trong nc tc dng vi axit c hai trng hp xy ra:
- Nu axit d: ch c 1 phn ng gia axit v kim loi.
- Nu kim loi d: ngoi phn ng gia kim loi v axit cn c phn ng gia kim loi d tc dng vi nc.
* Khi xt bi ton kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit th nn xy dng phn ng:
M + nH+ = Mn+ + n/2H2(Chuyn bi ton v dng ion tnh.
* Nu kim loi th hin nhiu ho tr (nh Fe) khi lm bi ton nn gi n l ho tr ca -M khi tc dng vi axit ny, m l ho tr ca M khi tc dng vi axit kia.
* Nhiu kim loi tc dng vi nhiu axit c tnh oxi ho mnh (H2SO4, HNO3) th lu mi cht khi thot ra ng vi mt phn ng.
* Nu mt kim loi km hot ng (v d Cu) tc dng mt phn vi axit c tnh oxi ho mnh (v d HNO3), sau cho tip axit HCl vo c kh bay ra, iu ny nn gii thch phn ng dng ion.
Trc ht Cu tan mt phn trong HNO3 theo phn ng:
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- = 3Cu2+ + 2NO( + 4H2O
V ban u nH+ = nNO3- = nHNO3, nhng khi phn ng th nH+ tham gia gp 4 ln nNO3-, nn nNO3- cn d.
Thm HCl vo tc thm H+ vo dd nn Cu d tip tc phn ng vi H+ v NO3- cho kh NO bay ra.
* Khi nhng thanh kim loi A vo dd mui ca kim loi B (km hot ng hn A). Sau khi ly thanh kim loi A ra, khi lng thanh kim loi A so vi ban u s thay i do:
- Mt lng A tan vo dd.
- Mt lng B t dd c gii phng bm vo thanh A.
Tnh khi lng tng (hay gim) ca thanh A, phi da vo phng trnh phn ng c th.
* Nu 2 kim loi thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k lin tip nhau th t khi lng nguyn t trung bnh (M), chuyn bi ton hn hp thnh bi ton mt cht, gii cho n gin.
Tit III. Kh nng tan trong nc ca mt s loi mui
Loi muiKh nng tan
NitratTt c cc mui tan c
Sunfata s mui tan c. Cc mui sunfat bari, ch v stronti thc t khng tan
Cloruaa s mui tan c. Tr AgCl, HgCl, PbCl2 khng tan
Cacbonata s mui khng tan, tr cacbonat Na, K, NH4+, v 1 s cacbonat axit tan c
Pht phta s mui khng tan. Cc pht pht Na, K, NH4+, v 1 s cacbonat axit tan c
SunfuaCh c cc sunfua K, Na, NH4+ tan c
Phn III
Bi tp trc nghim
Chng I
Bi tp trc nghim ho i cng
Bi 1 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
Cho hn hp Na v Mg d tc dng vi dd H2SO4. Lng kh hiro thot ra bng 5% khi lng dd H2SO4.
Nng % dd H2SO4 l:
A. 67,37B. 33,64C. 62,3D. 30,1E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 2:
Bnh cu A cha kh HCl, bnh cu B cha kh NH3, th tch A gp 3 ln th tch B. Cho t t nc vo y mi bnh th thy kh cha trong tan ht. Sau trn dd trong 2 bnh vi nhau. Nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dd sau khi trn ln l:
A. 0,011 ; 0,022
B. 0,011 ; 0,011
C. 0,11 ; 0,22
D. 0,22 ; 0,22E. Kt qu khc.
Cu 3:
C mt dd cha ng thi HCl v H2SO4, cho 200g dd tc dng vi BaCl2 c d th to thnh 46,6g kt ta. Lc b kt ta. trung ho nc lc (dd thu c sau khi tch b kt ta bng cch lc) ngi ta phi dng 500ml dd NaOH 1,6M.
Nng % ca HCl v H2SO4 trong dd ban u ln lt l:
A. 7,3 ; 9,8 ;
B. 3,6 ; 4,9
C. 10,2 ; 6,1 ;D. 2,4 ; 5,3
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 4:
C hn hp MX3.
- Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60.
- Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn ca M l -8.
- Tng s 3 loi ht nhn trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16.
M v X l:
A. Al v Cl
B. Mg v Br
C. Al v Br
D. Cr v Cl
E. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 5:
Khi lng phn t ca 3 mui RCO3, RCO3, RCO3 lp thnh 1 cp s cng vi cng sai bng 16. Tng s ht proton, ntron ca ba ht nhn nguyn t ba nguyn t trn l 120.
*Ba nguyn t trn l:
A. Mg, Ca, FeB. Be, Mg, CaC. Be, Cu, Sr
D. Mg, Ca, Cu
E. Tt c u khng xc nh c
L thuyt v phn ng ho hc
Ch quan trng:
* Nhit to thnh mt hp cht ho hc l hiu ng nhit ca phn ng to thnh mt mol cht t nhng n cht bn.
* Nhit to thnh cc n cht c qui c bng khng.
* Nhit phn ng ((H) l nng lng km theo trong mi phn ng.
(H < 0: Phn ng pht nhit
(H > 0: Phn ng thu nhit
Nhit phn ng hay hiu ng nhit ca phn ng thng c tnh theo nhit to thnh cc cht v da trn nh lut Hess:
Hiu ng nhit ca phn ng bng tng nhit to thnh cc sn phm phn ng tr i tng nhit to thnh cc cht tham gia phn ng
Th d: Tnh nhit phn ng ca phn ng nung vi, bit nhit to thnh CaCO3 l 1205,512 KJ; nhit to thnh CaO l 634,942 KJ; nhit to thnh CO2 l 393,338 KJ.
CaCO3 = CaO + CO2(H = [1205,512 - (634,942 + 393,338)]/1 = 177,232 KJ/mol
Phn ng ny thu nhit
Hoc tnh theo nng lng lin kt:
(H = (Nng lng tiu hao - Nng lng to ra)/S mol sn phm
Bi tp
Cu 6:
Khi lng hn hp (Al, Fe3O4) cn phi ly phn ng to ra 665,26 KJ nhit (bit nhit to thnh Fe3O4 v Al2O3 l 1117 KJ/mol) l (g):
A. 182,25B. 91,125C. 154,2D. 250,5E. Kt qu khc
Cu 7:
Xt cc phn ng (cc cht trng thi kh)
1. CO + O2 ( CO2
2. H2O + CO ( H2 + CO23. PCl5 ( PCl3 + Cl2
4. NH3 + SO2 ( NO + H2O
Biu thc K ca cc cn bng ho hc trn c vit ng:
K = ([CO]2.[O2]) / [CO2]2
(I)
K = [CO2]2 / ([CO]2.[O2])
(II)
K = ([H2O].[CO]) / ([H2].[CO2])
(III)
K = ([PCl3].[Cl2]) / [PCl5]
(IV)
K = ([NH3]4.[O2]5) / ([NO]4.[H2O]6)
(V)
A. (I) (III) (V)B. (III) (IV) (V)C. (II) (IV)
D. (I) (II) (III)
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 8:
Cho phn ng: CO + Cl2 ( COCl2Khi bit cc nng cc cht lc cn bng [Cl2] = 0,3 mol/l;
[CO] = 0,2 mol/l; [COCl2] = 1,2 mol/l
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng thun nghch l:
A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 9:
Nng lc ban u ca H2 v I2 u l 0,03 mol/l. Khi t n trng thi cn bng, nng HI l 0,04 mol/l. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp HI l:
A. 16
B. 32
C. 8
D. 10
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 10:
Bnh kn c th tch 0,5 lt cha 0,5 mol H2 v 0,5 mol N2. Khi phn ng t cn bng c 0,02 mol NH3 c to nn.
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l:
A. 0,0017
B. 0,003C. 0,055D. 0,055E. Kt qu khc
Cu 11:
Khi t chy 2 mol hiro phot phua PH3 th to thnh P2O5, nc v gii phng 2440 KJ nhit. Bit nhit to thnh P2O5 l 1548 KJ/mol v nhit to thnh H2O l 286 KJ/mol, th nhit to thnh PH3 l (KJ/mol):
A. -34B. 25
C. -17
D. 35
E. Kt qu khc
Cu12:
Bit h s nhit ca tc phn ng l 3, khi tng nhit ca phn ng t 25oC n 85oC th tc ca phn ng ho hc s tng ln (ln):
A. 729B. 535C. 800D. 925E. Kt qu khc
Cu 12b:
Khi tng nhit thm 50oC tc ca phn ng tng ln 12000 ln. H s nhit ca tc phn ng l:
A. 4,35B. 2,12C. 4,13D. 2,54E. Kt qu khc
Cu 13:
Trong cc phn t sau phn t no c nguyn t trung tm khng c c cu bn ca kh him:
A. NCl3B. H2SC. PCl5D. BH3E. c. v d.
Cu 14:
Bit rng tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t F, O, Cl. Trong cc phn t sau, phn t c lin kt phn cc nht l:
A. F2OB. Cl2OC. ClFD. O2
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 15:
Ion OH- c th phn ng vi cc ion no sau y:
A. H+, NH4+, HCO3-B. Cu2+, Mg2+, Al3+
C. Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+D. Fe3+, HSO4-, HSO3-
E. Tt c A. B. C. D. u ng
Cu 16:
Ion CO32- khng phn ng vi cc ion no sau y:
A. NH4+, Na+, K+
B. Ca2+, Mg2+C. H+, NH4+, Na+, K+
D. Ba2+, Cu2+, NH4+, K+
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 17:
Dung dch cha ion H+ c th phn ng vi dd cha cc ion hay phn ng vi cc cht rn no sau y:
A. CaCO3, Na2SO3, Cu(OH)Cl
B. Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)2, FeO, CuO
C. OH-, CO32-, Na+, K+
D. HCO3-, HSO3-, Na+, Ca2+E. Tt c cc cht v dd trn u c phn ng vi dd cha ion H+Cu 18:
Trong cc ion sau, ion no c s e bng nhau:
(1) NO3-;(2) SO42-;
(3) CO32-;
(4) Br-;(5) NH4+A. (1), (3)B. (2), (4)C. (3), (5)D. (2), (5)E. Khng c
Cu19:
Mt nguyn t c s th t Z = 37, cho bit nguyn t c thuc chu k my, nhm my:
A. Chu k 3, nhm IA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIAE. Kt qu khc
Cu 20:
Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Oxy ho ca mt nguyn t l ly bt electron ca nguyn t lm cho s oxy ho ca nguyn t tng ln.
B. Cht oxy ho l cht c th thu electron ca cc cht khc.
C. Kh oxy ca mt nguyn t l ghp thm electron cho nguyn t lm cho s oxy ho ca nguyn t gim.
D. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca kim loi l tnh kh.
E. Tt c u ng.
Cu 21:
Xt phn ng:
Cu2+ + Fe = Fe2+ + Cu(Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. (1) l mt qu trnh thu electronB. (1) l mt qu trnh nhn electron
C. (1) l mt phn ng oxy ho khD. C A. B. C. u ng
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 22:
C hn hp gm NaI v NaBr. Ho tan hn hp vo nc. Cho brom d vo dd. Sau khi phn ng thc hin xong, lm bay hi dd, lm kh sn phm th thy khi lng ca sn phm nh hn khi lng hn hp hai mui ban u l m gam. Li ho tan sn phm vo nc v cho Clo li qua cho n d. Lm bay hi dd v lm kh cht cn li; ngi ta cho thy khi lng cht thu c li nh hn khi lng mui phn ng l m gam.
Thnh phn % v khi lng ca NaBr trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 3,7
B. 4,5
C. 7,3
D. 6,7
E. Khng xc nh c
Bi 2 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
Chn pht biu sai
1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun s proton bng s electron bng s in tch ht nhn Z.
2. Tng s s proton v s electron trong mt ht nhn c gi l s khi.
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t.
4. S proton bng in tch ht nhn.
5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton, nhng khc nhau v s ntron.
A. 2, 3B. 3, 4, 5C. 1, 3D. 2, 5E. Tt c u sai
Cu 2:
Cc mnh no sau y khng ng:
1. S in tch ht nhn c trng cho mt nguyn t ho hc
2. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxy mi c 8 proton
3. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxy mi c 8 ntron
4. Ch c trong nguyn t oxy mi c 8 electron
A. 1, 3B. 3, 4C. 3
D. 4
E. Tt c
Cu 3:
Khi cho 1 lt hn hp cc kh H2, Cl2 v HCl i qua dd KI, thu c 2,54g it v cn li mt th tch l 500ml (cc kh o KP). Thnh phn % s mol hn hp kh l:
A. 50; 22,4; 27,6
B. 25; 50; 25C. 21; 34,5; 44,5
D. 30; 40; 30
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
Ho tan 104,25g hn hp cc mui NaCl v NaI vo nc. Cho kh Clo i qua ri un cn. Nung cht rn thu c cho n khi ht hi mu tm bay ra. B rn cn li sau khi nung nng 58,5g
Thnh phn % khi lng hn hp 2 mui:
A. 29,5; 70,5B. 28,06; 71,94
C. 65; 35
D. 50; 50
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 5:
Lng dd KOH 8% cn thit thm vo 47g Kali oxit ta thu c dd KOH 21% l (g):
A. 354,85B. 250C. 320D. 324,2E. Kt qu khc
Cu 6:
Lng SO3 cn thm vo dd H2SO4 10% c 100g dd H2SO4 20% l (g)
A. ( 2,5B. ( 8,88C. ( 6,67D. ( 24,5E. Kt qu khc
Cu 7:
C 4 dd trong sut, mi dd ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion trong c 4 dd gm: Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Na+, SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, NO3-. l 4 dd g?
A. BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2B. BaCO3, MgSO4, NaCl, Pb(NO3)2C. BaCl2, PbSO4, MgCl2, Na2CO3D. Mg(NO3)2, BaCl2, Na2CO3, PbSO4E. C 4 cu trn u ng
Cu 8:
Trong nguyn t Liti (3 Li), 2e phn b trn obitan 1s v e th ba phn b trn obitan 2s. iu ny c p dng bi:
A. Nguyn l Pauli
B. Qui tc HunC. Qui tc Klechkowski
D. A, B ng
E. A, C ng
Cu 9:
* Xt cc nguyn t: 1H, 3Li, 11Na, 7N, 8O, 19F, 2He, 10NeNguyn t no c s electron c thn bng khng?
A. H, Li, NaFB. O
C. N
D. He, Ne
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 10:
S phn lp, s obitan v s electron ti a ca lp N l:
A. 3 ; 3 ; 6
B. 3 ; 6 ; 12
C. 3 ; 9 ; 18
D. 4 ; 16 ; 32E. 4 ; 8 ; 16
Cu 11:
Trong nguyn t cacbon, hai electron 2p c phn b trn 2 obitan p khc nhau v c biu din bng 2 mi tn cng chiu. iu ny c p dng bi:
A. Nguyn l Pauli
B. Qui tc Hun
C. Qui tc KlechkowskiD. A, B ngE. A, C ng
Cu 12:
Cho 26Fe, cu hnh electron ca Fe2+ l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p4E. Tt c u sai
Cu 13:
Cho 2 hin din ca cc ng v thuc nguyn t Argon: (99,63%); (0,31%); (0,06%).
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar l:
A. 39,75B. 37,55C. 38,25D. 36,98E. 39,98
Cu 14:
Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau:
X: 1s22s22p63s23p4Y: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2Z: 1s22s22p63s23p6Nguyn t no l kim loi:
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. X v Y
E. Y v Z
Cu 15:
Pht biu no sau y sai:
(1) Obitan nguyn t l vng khng gian quanh nhn, xc sut hin din ca electron l rt ln (trn 90%)
(2) m my e khng c ranh gii r rt cn obitan nguyn t c ranh gii r rt
(3) Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi spin cng chiu
(4) Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi spin ngc chiu
(5) Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s c phn b trn cc obitan sao cho cc electron c thn l ti a v cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay khc nhau.
A. (1), (2)B. (2), (3)C. (3), (4)D. (1), (5)E. (3), (5)
Cu 16:
Cho nguyn t (X) c tng s ht bng 58. Bit rng s ntron = s proton. X l nguyn t:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 17:
Xt phn ng ht nhn:
+ ( +
X l:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cu 18:
Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1Vy nguyn t c c im:
A. Nguyn t thuc chu k 4, phn nhm chnh nhm IA
B. S ntron trong nhn nguyn t X l 20
C. X l nguyn t kim loi c tnh kh mnh, cu hnh electron ca cation Xn+ l 1s22s22p63s23p6D. L nguyn t m u chu k N
E. C A, B, C, D u ng
Cu 19:
Khi cc nguyn t lin kt nhau to thnh phn t th d lin kt theo loi no vn phi tun theo nguyn tc
A. Sau khi lin kt mi nguyn t u c lp v ngoi cng cha 8 electron
B. Sau khi lin kt, thnh phn t, mi nguyn t phi t c cu hnh electron ging nh cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh tr gn n nht trong bng h thng tun hon.
C. Khi lin kt phi c mt nguyn t nhng electron v mt nguyn t nhn electron
D. C 3 nguyn tc trn u ng.
E. C 4 cu trn u sai
Cu 20:
Trong cng thc X, tng s cc i e t do cha tham gia lin kt l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 21:
X l nguyn t c hnh thnh trong phn ng ht nhn:
+ ( + X
Nhn xt no sau y v X l sai:
A. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VI A
B. X to c hp cht kh vi hiro (XH2)
C. Tnh phi kim ca X km thua oxy nhng mnh hn phot pho
D. X c s oxy ho cao nht l +6 (XO3)
E. X c s oxy ho m thp nht l -1
Cu 22:
1.Cho cc nguyn t X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 ln lt c cu hnh electron nh sau:
X1: 1s22s22p63s2
X2: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1X3: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
X4: 1s22s22p63s23p5X5: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
X6: 1s22s22p63s23p1Cc nguyn t no thuc cng mt chu k
A. X1, X4, X6
B. X2, X3, X5
C. X3, X4D. X1, X2, X6
E. C A, B u ng
Cu 23:
bi nh cu trn (cu 22)
Cc nguyn t kim loi l:
A. X1, X2, X3, X5, X6
B. X1, X2, X3
C. X2, X3, X5D. Tt c cc nguyn t cho
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 24:
bi tng t nh (cu 22)
3 nguyn t to ra 3 ion t do c cu hnh electron ging nhau l:
A. X1, X2, X6
B. X2, X3, X4
C. X2, X3, X5D. X2, X3, X6
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 25:
bi nh cu trn (cu 22)
Tp hp cc nguyn t no thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh
A. X1, X2, X6
B. X2, X5
C. X1, X3D. C b v c ng
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 26:
Xt cc phn ng (nu c) sau y:
1. CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
2. CuO + CO = Cu + CO23. Zn2+ + Cu = Zn + Cu2+4. Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2(5. H2S + 2NaOH = Na2S + 2H2O
6. 2KMnO4 to K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O27. BaCl2 + H2SO4 ( BaSO4( + 2HCl
8. 2NO2 + 2NaOH ( NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O
Phn ng no thuc loi phn ng oxy ho kh.
A. 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; 6 ; 8
B. 2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8
C. 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5
D. 2 ; 3 ; 5
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 27:
bi nh trn (cu 26)
Trong cc phn ng trn cht no l cht kh
A. CO, Fe, O2- trong KMnO4 v N4+ trong NO2B. CO; Zn; KMnO4; NO2
C. O2- trong KMnO4, N4+ trong NO2D. CO, H2S, NO2
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 28:
bi tng t cu trn (cu 26)
Phn ng no thuc loi trao i ion v trung ho
A. 1 ; 4 ; 5 ; 7
B. 2 ; 3 ; 6 ; 7
C. 1 ; 5 ; 7
D. 1 ; 3 ; 4
E. Tt c u sai
Bi 3 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
Hai hnh cu c th tch bng nhau. Np oxy vo bnh th nht, np oxy c ozon ho vo bnh th 2, v p sut 2 bnh nh nhau. t 2 bnh trn 2 a cn th thy khi lng ca 2 bnh khc nhau 0,21g
Khi lng ozon trong oxy c ozon ho (g)
A. 0,63B. 0,22C. 1,7
D. 5,3
E. Thiu iu kin khng xc nh c
Cu 2:
Sau khi ozon ho mt th tch oxy th thy th tch gim i 5ml (cc kh o cng iu kin)
Th tch ozon to thnh v th tch oxy tham gia phn ng l (ml)
A. 10 ; 15
B. 5 ; 7,5
C. 20 ; 30
D. 10 ; 20
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 3:
Nhng nhn xt no sau y ng:
1. S in li khng phi l phn ng oxy ho kh
2. S in li lm s oxy ho thay i
3. S in phn l qu trnh oxy ho kh xy ra trn b mt 2 in cc
4. S in phn l phn ng trao i
A. 1, 3;B. 1, 3C. 2, 4D. 1, 3, 4
E. Tt c ng
Cu 4:
Khi in phn dd hn hp gm: HCl, CuCl2, NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn. Cho bit th t in phn v pH ca dd thay i sai:
1. * Giai on 1:
CaCl2 pdd Cu + Cl2;
pH khng i
* Giai on 2:
2HCl pdd H2 + Cl2;
pH tng
* Giai on 3:
NaCl + H2O p Cl2 + H2 + NaOH;
pH tng
m.n
* Giai on 4:
2H2O p 2H2( + O2
pH tng
2. * Giai on 1:
2HCl p 2H2 + Cl2;
pH gim
* Giai on 2:
H2O + CuCl2 + 2NaCl p Cu + 2Cl2 + 2NaOH;
pH tng
* Giai on 3:
4NaOH p 4Na + O2 + 2H2O;
pH gim
3. * Giai on 1:
NaCl + H2O p H2 + Cl2 + NaOH;
pH tng
* Giai on 2:
2H2O p 2H2 + O2(;
pH khng i
* Giai on 3:
CuCl2 p Cu + Cl2;
pH khng i
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1,3
E. 2,3
Cu 5:
Nhng phn ng v nhn xt no sau y ng:
1. 2ACln pnc 2A + nCl2 (2. 2RxOy pnc 2x R + yO2 (3. 2RxOy pnc 2Rx + yO2 (4. 4MOH pnc 4M + O2 + 2H2O
5. 2MOH pnc 2M + O2 + H2 (6. Phn ng 1 dng iu ch kim loi kim, kim th.
7. Phn ng 2 dng iu ch kim loi kim, kim th, nhm.
8. Phn ng 3 dng iu ch nhm.
9. Phn ng 4 dng iu ch Na, K.
10. Phn ng 5 dng iu ch Al.
A. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9.
B. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9.
C. 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10.
D. 2, 3, 4, 8, 9.
E. Tt c u ng.
Cu 6:
Nguyn t no c s electron c thn nhiu nht, s electron c thn ny l bao nhiu:
A. Nit, 3 electron.
C. Oxy, 2 electron.
B. Nit, 5 electron.
D. Oxy, 6 electron.
E. Kt qu khc.
Cu 7:
Nng lng ca cc e trn cc phn lp s, p, d thuc cng 1 lp c xp theo th t:
A. d < s < p.
B. p < s < d.
C. s < p < d.
D. s < d < p.
E. Tt c sai v cc phn lp ny c nng lng bng nhau.
Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c KLPT l 76, A v B c s oxy ho cao nht trong cc oxit l +n0 v +m0 v c s oxy ho m trong cc hp cht vi hyro l -nH v -mH tho mn cc iu kin ( n0( = ( nH( v ( m0( = 3( mH(. Bit rng A c s oxy ho cao nht trong X.
Cu 8:
Trong bng HTTH, A :
A. Chu k 2, nhm IV A.
B. Chu k 2, nhm V A.
C. Chu k 3, nhm I A.
D. Chu k 4, nhm II A.
E. Kt qu khc.
Cu 9:
Trong bng HTTH, B :
A. Chu k 2, nhm VI A.
B. Chu k 3, nhm V A.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VI A.
D. Chu k 4, nhm VII A.
E. Kt qu khc.
Cu 10:
Nguyn t ca 1 s nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau:
(A) 1s22s22p1;
(B) 1s22s22p4(C) 1s22s22p63s23p1;(D) 1s22s22p63s23p5Nhng nguyn t no thuc cng mt phn nhm:
A. (A), (C)
B. (B), (C)
C. (B), (D)
D. (A), (B)
E. (A), (D)
Cu 11:
Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l ns1, ns2 np1, ns2 np5. Pht biu no sau y sai:
A. A, M, X ln lt l cc th 11, 13 v 17 ca bng HTTH
B. A, M, X u thuc chu k 3
C. A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIIA v VIIA
D. Trong ba nguyn t, X c s oxy ho cao nht v bng +7
E. Ch c X to c hp cht vi hiro
Cu 12:
Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH, Y to c hp cht kh vi hirov cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3
Y: to hp cht (A) c cng thc MY2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng M l:
A.Mg
B.Zn
C.Fe
D.Cu
E.Kt qu khc
Cu 13:Cho bit s th t ca Cu l 29. Pht biu no sau y ng
A. Cu thuc chu k 3, phn nhm ph IB
B. Cu thuc chu k 4, phn nhm ph IB
C. Cu to c cc ion Cu+, Cu2+. C 2 ion ny u c cu hnh e bn ca kh him.
D. Ion Cu+ c lp ngoi cng bo ho
E. B v D ng
Cu 14:
Cation R+ c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p63s2C. 1s22s22p63s23p1
D. 1s22s22p63s1
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 15:
Anion X2- c cu hnh electron ging R+ trn th cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s22s22p2
B. 1s22s22p63s2C. 1s22s22p4
D. 1s22s22p5
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 16:
Ion X2+ c cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p6. Hy cho bit X chu k my, nhm my:
A. Chu k 2, nhm IIA
B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IAE. Kt qu khc
Cu 17:
Ion Y- c cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p6. Nguyn t Y thuc chu k no, nhm no:
A. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIAE. Kt qu khc
Cu 18:
Mt nguyn t R c cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p3, cng thc hp cht vi hiro v cng thc oxit cao nht l:
A. RH2, RO
B. RH3, R2O3
C. RH4, RO2D. RH5, R2O5E. Kt qu khc
Cu 19:
Trong cc loi tinh th, tinh th no dn in v dn nhit iu kin bnh thng.
A. Tinh th kim loiB. Tinh th phn t
C. Tinh th ion
D. Tinh th nguyn tE. Tt c u ng
Cu 20:
Cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng ca mt ion l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t to ra ion c th l:
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p4
C. 1s22s22p63s1D. 1s22s22p63s2E. Tt c 4 cu trn u c th ng
Cu 21:
S oxy ho ca N c sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau:
A. NO < N2O < NH3 < NO3-B. NH4+ < N2 < N2O < NO < NO2- < NO3-C. NH3 < N2 < NO2- < NO < NO3-D. NH3 < NO < N2O < NO2 < N2O5E. Tt c u sai
Cu 22:
Lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k 2 c my obitan v nhiu nht c bao nhiu electron c thn v do c cng ho tr cao nht l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. Gi tr khc
Cu 23:
Cng ho tr ca nit trong hp cht no sau y l ln nht:
A. NH4Cl
B. N2
C. HNO3
D. HNO2
E. NH4Cl v HNO3Cu 24:
Nguyn t Z thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIA, cu hnh electron ca Z l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p5
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5E. Cu hnh khc
Cu 25:
Xt cc phn t ion sau: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl. Cho bit lin kt trong phn t no mang nhiu tnh cht ion nht:
A. LiClB. NaClC. KClD. RbClE. CsCl
Cu 26:
Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 th ion to ra t X s c cu hnh nh sau:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p6C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p6
D. 1s22s22p63s2
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 27:
Trong trng hp no sau y khng cha ng 1 mol NH3A. 200 cm3 dd NH3 5M
B. 17g NH3C. 500 cm3 dd NH3 trong c 3,4g NH3 trn 100 cm3D. 22,4 dm3 dd NH3 1M
E. 22,4 dm3 kh NH3 ktc
Cu 28:
Trong cc cht sau, cht no tan trong nc nhiu nht C2H5OH, I2, C6H6, C2H5Cl, S
A. C2H5OH
B. I2C. C6H6D. C2H5Cl
E. S
Cu 29:
Lin kt ho hc trong phn t no sau y c hnh thnh bi s xen ph
p - p:
A. H2
B. Cl2
C. N2
D. HClE. B v C
Bi 4 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
Trn 10 ml HCl 36% (d = 1,18 kg/lit) vi 50 ml HCl 20% (d = 1,1 kg/lit)
Nng % dd axit thu c l:
A. 15,6B. 48,5C. 22,83D. 20,5E. Kt qu khc
Cu 2:
Cho H2SO4 c tc dng vi 58,5g NaCl v thu ht kh sinh ra vo 146g nc. Nng % axit thu c
A. 30
B. 20
C. 50
D. 25
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 3:
iu kin thng (nhit phng 25oC) mi hn hp gm 2 kh sau y c th tn ti c hay khng?
1) H2; O2 2) O2; Cl2 3) H2; Cl2
4) HCl; Br25) SO2; O2 6) HBr; Cl27) CO2; HCl
8) H2S; NO29) H2S; F2 10) N2; O2A. 2, 4, 7, 10B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7D. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10E. Tt c B, D
Cu 4:
Mi ng nghim cha mt trong cc dd sau: KI; BaCl2; Na2CO3; Na2SO4; NaOH; (NH4)2SO4; nc Clo. Khng dng thm cht khc, c th nhn bit c:
A. Tt cB. KI, BaCl2, (NH4)2SO4, NaOH
C. BaCl2, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, nc CloD. Na2SO4, NaOH, (NH4)2SO4E. Khng nhn bit c
Cu 5:
Mi cc cha 1 trong cc mui sau: Pb(NO3)2; Na2S2O3; MnCl2; NH4Cl; (NH4)2CO3; ZnSO4; Ca3(PO4)2; Zn3(PO4)2, MgSO4. Dng nc, dd NaOH, dd HCl c th nhn bit c:
A. Pb(NO3)2, MnCl2, NH4Cl
B. (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Ca3(PO4)2C. Pb(NO3)2, Na2S2O3, MnCl2, NH4Cl
D. (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Zn3(PO4)2, MgSO4E. C v D
Cu 6:
Khi un nng 73,5g KClO3 th thu c 33,5g KCl, bit mui ny phn hu theo 2 chng trnh sau:
1. 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O22. 4KClO3 = 3KClO4 + KCl
Thnh phn % s mol KClO3 phn hu theo 1 l:
A. 66,66B. 25,6C. 53,5D. 33,33E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 7:
C mt hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr cho hn hp tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d th to ra kt ta c khi lng bng khi lng ca bc nitrat tham gia phn ng
Thnh phn % khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u l:
A. 27,88B. 13,4C. 15,2D. 24,5
E. Khng xc nh c v thiu d kin
Cu 8:
Xt cc phn ng:
FexOy + HCl (
(1)
CuCl2 + H2S (
(2)
R + HNO3 ( R(NO3)3 + NO
(3)
Cu(OH)2 + H+ (
(4)
CaCO3 + H+ (
(5)
CuCl2 + OH- (
(6)
MnO4- + C6H12O6 + H+ ( Mn2+ + CO2(
(7)
FexOy + H+ + SO42- ( SO2( +
(8)
FeSO4 + HNO3 (
(9)
SO2 + 2H2S ( 3S + 2H2O
(10)
Cu(NO3)3 to CuO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2(
(11)
Hy tr li cu hi sau: Phn ng no thuc loi phn ng axit baz
A. (1), (4), (5), (6)
B. (1), (4), (5), (6), (7)
C. (1), (4), (5)
D. (4), (5), (6), (7) (8)
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 9:
Hy cho bit trong cc phn t sau y phn t no c phn cc ca lin kt cao nht: CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN, N2, NaBr, BCl3, AlCl3. Cho m in: O(3,5); Cl(3); Br(2,8); Na(0,9); Mg(1,2); Ca(1,0); C(2,5); H(2,1); Al(1,5); N(3); B(2).
A. CaOB. NaBrC. AlCl3D. MgOE. BCl3Cu 10:
AlCl3 l mt cht thng hoa, AlF3 tri li kh nng chy, khng thng hoa. Gii thch no sau y hp l nht:
A. V phn t khi AlCl3 ln hn AlF3B. V (X(AlF3) = 2,5, (X(AlCl3) = 1,5, lin kt trong AlF3 l lin kt ion, trong khi AlCl3 l lin kt cng ho tr phn cc
C. V RCl- > RF-, ion F- kh b bin dng hn ion Cl-, phn t AlF3 c tnh ion nhiu hn AlCl3D. B v C u ng
E. A, B, C u ng
Cu 11:
Cho cc cht, ion sau: Cl-, Na2S, NO2, Fe2+, SO2, Fe3+, N2O5, SO42-, SO32-, MnO, Na, Cu. Cc cht ion no va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxy ho.
A. Cl-, Na2S, NO2, Fe2+
B. NO2, Fe2+, SO2, MnO, SO32-C. Na2S, Fe3+, N2O5, MnO D. MnO, Na, Cu
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 12:
Trong cc phn t sau, phn t no c cha lin kt ion: KF (1); NH3 (2);
Br - Cl (3); Na2CO3 (4); AlBr3 (5); cho m in: K (0,8); F (4); N (3); H (2,1); Br (2,8); Na (0,9); C (2,5); O (3,5); Al (1,5)
A. (1), (2), (3)
B. (1), (4)
C. (1), (4), (5)
D. (2), (4), (5)
E. (3), (5)
Cu 13:
Phn t no c lin kt cho nhn: N2, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2, NH4NO2A. NH4NO2
C. NH4NO2 v H2O2B. NH4NO2 v N2
D. N2 v AgClE. Khng c phn t no c lin kt cho nhn
Cu 14:
Hn hp X gm 2 kh CO2 v N2 c t khi hi i vi H2 l d = 18. Vy thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l:
A. 50%, 50%B. 38,89%, 61,11%C. 20%, 80%
D. 45%, 65%E. Kt qu khc
Cu 15:
Pha trn 200 ml dd HCl 1M vi 300ml dd HCl 2M. Nu s pha trn khng lm co gin th tch th dd mi c nng mol/lit l:
A. 1,5MB. 1,2MC. 1,6MD. 0,15ME. Kt qu khc
Cu 16:
Th t gim dn ca bn knh nguyn t v ion no sau y ng
a. Ne > Na+ > Mg2+b. Na+ > Ne > Mg2+c. Na+ > Mg2+ > Ne
d. Mg2+ > Na+ > Ne
e. Mg2+ > Ne > Na+Cu 17:
Hp cht vi hiro (RHn) ca nguyn t no sau y c gi tr n ln nht:
A. C
B. N
C. O
D. F
E. S
Cu 18:
C sn a gam dd NaOH 45% cn pha trn thm vo bao nhiu gam dd NaOH 15% c dd NaOH 20%.
A. 15gB. 6,67gC. Ag
D. 12gE. 5a g
Cu 19:
Ho tan 200g dd NaCl 10% vi 800g dd NaCl 20% ta c mt dd mi c nng phn trm ca NaCl l:
A. 18%B. 1,6%C. 1,6%D. 15%E. Kt qu khc
Cu 20:
Nng pH ca mt dd ch c gi tr t 1 n 14 bi:
a.Nng H+ hay OH- ca dd ch c gi tr t 10-7 M n 10-14 M
b.Trong thc t khng c nhng dd axit hay baz m [H+] ( 7M
hay [OH-] ( 7M
c.Hm pH = -log[H+] m [H+] ( [10-1, 10-14]
d.Nng pH ch c dng o nng axit hay baz ca nhng dd axit hay baz m [H+] ( 10-1 M hay [OH-] ( 10-1 M v trong cc dd long v rt long , ta lun c [OH-] [H+] = 10-14e.Tt c u sai
Cu 21:
Chn cu pht biu ng:
A. Cc phn ng ca phn 1 l phn ng trung ho axit v axit HCl, khng c tnh oxy ho
B. Cc phn ng ca phn 2 l phn ng th v H2SO4 long khng c tnh oxy ho.
C. Cc phn ng ca phn 1 v phn 2 u khng phi l phn ng oxy ho kh v axit HCl v H2SO4 long khng c tnh oxy ho
D. Cc phn ng ca phn 1 v 2 u l phn ng oxy ho kh, trong kim loi l cht kh, cn H+ ca axit l cht oxy ho
E. Tt c cc cu trn u sai
Cu 22:
Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c phn 1 l:
A. 22,65gB. 36,85gC. 24gD. 28gE. Kt qu khc
Cu 23:
Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan phn 2 l:
A. 18,05gB. 27,65gC. 17,86gD. 26,5gE. Kt qu khc
Cu 24:
Th tch dd HCl v th tch dd H2SO4 ti thiu l:
A. 0,2 lt; 0,1 ltB. 0,4 lt; 0,2 lt
C. 0,2 lt; 2 ltD. 0,2 lt; 0,2 lt
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 25:
Xt cc nguyn t Cl, Al, Na, P, F
Th t tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t no sau y ng:
A. Cl < F < P < Al < Na
B. F < Cl < P < Al < Na
C. Na < Al < P < Cl < F
D. Cl < P < Al < Na < F
Cu 26:
Xt cc nguyn t: Na, Cl, Al, P, F
Bn knh nguyn t bin thin cng chiu vi:
A. Nng lng ion ho
B. m inC. Tnh kim loi
D. Tnh phi kim
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 27:
Ho tan 20 ml dd HCl 0,05M vo 20 ml dd H2SO4 0,075M. Nu s ho tan khng lm co gin th tch th pH ca dd thu c l:
A.1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1,5
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 28:
Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,01M. Sc 2,24 lt kh CO2 vo 400 ml dd A, ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng:
A. 10gB. 1,5gC. 4g
D. Khng c kt taE. Kt qu khc
Bi 5 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
trng thi t nhin cacbon cha 2 ng v v (trong c nguyn t khi bng 13,0034). Bit rng cacbon t nhin c nguyn t khi trung bnh M = 12,011
Thnh phn % cc ng v l:
A. 98,9%; 1,1%B. 49,5; 51,5
C. 25; 75
D. 20; 80
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 2:
Bit tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong mt nguyn t l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht
S khi A ca nguyn t trn l:
A. 108B. 122C. 66
D. 188E. Kt qu khc
Cu 3:
Gia bn knh ht nhn (R) v s khi ca nguyn t (A) c mi lin h nh sau: R = 1,5.10-13 A1/3cm
Khi lng ring ca ht nhn l (tn/cm3)
A. 116.106
B. 58.106C. 86.103
D. 1,16.1014
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
Nhng mnh no ng:
1. ng v l nhng cht c cng in tch ht nhn Z
2. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn Z
3. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn Z
4. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s khi A
5. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s khi A
A. 1, 2, 3B. 4, 5C. 3
D. 4
E. A v B
Cu 5:
Lng SO3 cn thm vo 100g dd H2SO4 10% c dd H2SO4 20% l (g)
A. ( 9,756B. (5,675C. (3,14D. (3,5
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 6:
Ly 20g dd HCl 37%, D = 1,84. c dd 10%, lng nc cn pha thm l (g)
A. 27
B. 25,5C. 54
D. 80
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 7:
Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Bc lin kt l s lin kt cng ho tr gia 2 nguyn t
B. i vi 2 nguyn t xc nh, bc lin kt cng ln, bn lin kt tng v di lin kt gim
C. Cng ho tr ca mt nguyn t l s lin kt gia mt nguyn t ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t khc trong phn t
D. in ho tr ca nguyn t = in tch ion
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 8:
Trong phn t H2S, lin kt S - H l lin kt ( do s xen ph gia obitan p ca S v obitan s ca H. Gc HSH d on vo khong:
A. 60AB. 90AC. 120AD. 180AE. Kt qu khc
Cu 9:
Phng trnh Mendeleev Clapeyron PV = n.RT l biu thc ton hc hay phng trnh biu din ni dung sau y:
A.nh lut Avogaro khi P, T hng s
B.nh lut B-Mariot khi T l hng s
C.nh lut gin n ca cht kh khi P khng i
D.nh lut Dalton v phng trnh trng thi kh l tng
E.Tt c 5 ni dung trn
Cu 10:
Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Xt v mt nng lng, s lin kt 2 nguyn t H thnh phn t H2 c gii thch bng s chuyn h thng t trng thi nng lng cao v trng thi nng lng thp tc l trng thi vng bn hn
B. Trong phn t H2 khng c s phn bit electron. i khi electron lin kt u chuyn ng trong trng lc ca c hai ht nhn, ngha l u chuyn ng trong ton khng gian ca phn t
C. Trong phn t H2 xc sut c mt ca cc electron tp trung ch yu khu vc gia 2 ht nhn. Ngi ta ni khu vc ny c mt xc sut ln
D. Lc lin kt trong phn t H2 cng c bn cht tnh in do tng tc gia cc proton v cc electron chuyn ng
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 11:
Kho st cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k, ta c kt lun no sau y khng lun lun ng:
A. i t tri qua phi cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu s in tch ht nhn tng dn
B. Tt c cc nguyn t u c s lp electron bng nhau v s hiu nguyn t tng dn
C. M u chu k bao gi cng l mt kim loi kim v kt thc chu k l mt kh tr
D. i t tri qua phi, tnh kim loi yu dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
E. Tt c cc cu trn u khng lun lun ng
Cu 12:
Mt cation Mn+ c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron ca lp v ngoi cng ca M c th l:
A. 3s1
B. 3s2
C. 3p1D. C A, B, C u c th ng
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 13:
Pht biu no sau y sai: Trong mt chu k, khi i t tri sang phi, c cc qui lut bin thin tun hon:
A. Ho tr cao nht i vi oxy tng dn t 1 ( 8
B. Ho tr i vi hiro ca phi kim gim dn t 7 ( 1
C. Tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn
D. Oxit v hidroxit c tnh baz gim dn, tnh axit tng dn
E. Nguyn nhn ca s bin thin tun hon v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc l do s bin thin tun hon cu trc e ca cc nguyn t theo chiu tng dn ca s in tch ht nhn
Cu 14:
Cho bit khi lng ca nguyn t ca mt loi ng v ca Fe l
8,96.10-23g, trong bng h thng tun hon, Fe th 26
Nguyn t khi ca Fe, s ntron c trong ht nhn nguyn t ng v trn l:
A. 56,01; 30
C. 54, 08; 28
B. 53,966; 28D. 56,96; 31
E. 58,03; 32
Cu 15:
Pht biu no sau y l h qu ca nh lut Avgar
A. cng mt iu kin v nhit v p sut, 1 mol kh no cng chim mt th tch nh nhau
B. iu kin tiu chun, 1 mol kh no cng u c th tch l 22,4 lt
C. i vi mt cht kh cho th thnh phn % theo th tch = thnh phn phn trm theo s mol
D. i vi mt cht kh hay mt hn hp kh cho trc th th tch kh t l vi s mol kh
E. Tt c cc pht biu trn
Cu 16:
Pht biu no sau y l mt h qu ca nh lut bo ton in tch:
A. in tch lun xut hin hay mt i tng cp c gi tr bng nhau nhng ngc du
B. Trong mt dd cht in ly cho trc th tng in tch dng ca cc cation phi bng tng in tch m ca cc anion
C. Trong phn ng oxy ho kh, cht kh gii phng ra bao nhiu mol electron th cht oxy ho phi thu vo by nhiu mol electron
D. Khi cho mt in lng l 96500 C ti qua mt mch in cha bnh in phn th c 1 mol electron chuyn di trong mch do catot phng ra kh cc cation (hay kh H ca H2O) v anot thu vo oxy ho cc anion hay oxy ho oxy ca H2O (hay oxy ho kim loi dng lm anot)
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 17:
Mnh no sau y l h qu ca nh lut bo ton khi lng:
A. Khi lng ca mt mui kim loi lun lun bng khi lng kim loi cng thm khi lng gc axit
B. Khi mt hp cht ion thay i anion sinh ra cht mi th s chnh lch v khi lng gia cht ban u v cht to ra lun lun bng s chnh lch v khi lng gia cc anion
C. Trong cc phn ng ho hc th tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc sn phm to thnh
D. C 3 mnh trn u ng
E. C 4 mnh trn u sai
Cu 18:
Hn hp no c thnh phn % theo khi lng = thnh phn % theo s mol
A. X4, X5, X6B. X1 v X2
C. X3 v X4D. X1, X2, X3, X4, X5
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 19:
Hn hp no c % theo s mol bng % theo th tch
A. X1, X5B. X2, X3C. X1, X4D. X5, X6E. X4, X5Cu 20:
Hn hp no c % theo s mol = % theo khi lng = % theo th tch:
A. X1, X2B. X2, X3C. X1, X3D. X1, X4E. Tt c u sai
Cu 21:
Pht biu no sau y ng:
(1) Cc obitan px, py, pz c nng lng bng nhau
(2) Cc obitan px, py, pz thuc cng mt phn lp c nng lng bng nhau
(3) Cc obitan px, py, pz thuc cng mt phn lp c s khc nhau v hng trong khng gian
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (1) v (3)
E. (2) v (3)
Cu 22:
Bit rng t khi ca kim loi paltin (Pt) bng 21,45, khi lng nguyn t bng 195 vC, t khi ca vng bng 19,5 v khi lng nguyn t bng 197.
So snh s nguyn t kim loi cha trong 1 cm3 mi kim loi trn
A. Pt c nhiu nguyn t hnB. Au c nhiu nguyn t hn
C. Khng th so snh v thiu iu kin
D. Pt c s nguyn t bng AuE. Tt c u sai
Cu 23:
Mnh no di y c pht biu ng:
ng v l nhng:
(1) Cht c cng in tch ht nhn Z
(2) Nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn Z
(3) Nguyn t c cng s khi A
(4) Nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn Z
(5) Nguyn t c cng s khi A
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
E. (5)
Cu 24:
Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115. S ht mang in tch nhiu hn s ht khng mang in tch l 25 ht. S th t ca R trong bng h thng tun hon l:
A. 34
B. 80
C. 445D. 40
E. 35
Cu 25:
Dung dch C6H12O6 th kh ng c v kh si hn nc ct, iu ny c th chng t bng nh lut:
A. nh lut MariotB. nh lut gin n ca cht lng
C. nh lut RaoultD. nh lut v s phn li ca C6H12O6E. Tt c u sai
Cu 26:
Trong trng hp no k sau th phng trnh P.V = n.R.T l biu thc tm tt ca nh lut Dalton:
A. T khng iB. P khng iC. P, T u khng i
D. V, T u khng iE. Tt c u sai
Cu 27:
mt nhit t cho trc, ta gi tan ca mt cht A vo mt dung mi X l:
A.S gam cht A tan trong 100g dung mi t c dd bo ho nhit
B.S gam cht A cha 100g dd t c dd bo ho nhit
C.S gam ti a ca cht A trong 100g dd
D.S gam cht A trong 100 cm3 dung mi
E.S cm3 cht A cha trong 100cm3 dd A
Cu 28:
C 4 dd ng trong 4 l b mt nhn l: (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, Na2SO4, KOH. Nu ch c php dng mt thuc th nhn bit 4 cht lng trn ta c th dng thuc th no sau y:
A. Dung dch AgNO3B. Dung dch BaCl2C. Dung dch NaOH
D. Dung dch Ba(OH)2E. Tt c u sai
Cu 29:
Cho hn hp X gm H2 v N2 pht biu no sau y l ng
A. Thm H2 vo hn hp s lm cho t khi hi ca X vi H2 gim
B. Thm N2 vo hn hp s lm cho t khi hi ca X i vi H2 tng
C. Tng p sut khng lm thay i t khi hi
D. Chia X thnh nhiu phn nh, mi phn u c t khi hi i vi H2 nh nhau
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 30:
Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i, cha y khng kh 25oC v 2 atm. Bt tia la in gy phn ng: N2 + O2 = 2NO
p sut P v khi lng mol phn t trong bnh ca hn hp kh sau phn ng 25oC l M s c gi tr
A. P = 2atm; M = 29g/molB. P = 2atm; M < 29g/mol
C. P = 2atm; M > 29g/molD. P = 1atm; M = 29g/mol
E. P > 2atm; M < 29g/mol
Cu 31:
Pht biu no sau y sai:
1. Khi hnh thnh lin kt H + H ( H2 th h to ra nng lng v cu trc H2 bn hn H
2. Xt v mt nng lng th phn t H2 c nng lng nh hn 2 nguyn t H ring r. H H2 bn hn 2H
3. Hai nguyn t He khng lin kt to thnh phn t He2 v nng lng ca He nh hn He24. Cc nguyn t Natri ring r tp hp li to thnh tinh th Natri v Natri l kim loi kim
A. 1, 2B. 3, 4C. 4
D. 3
E. A, B
Cu 32:
Pht biu no sau y sai:
1. Electron ho tr l nhng e lp ngoi c kh nng tham gia vo vic to thnh lin kt ho hc
2. Ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht ion gi l in ho tr hay ho tr ion ca nguyn t
3. Nng lng ion ho ca mt nguyn t l nng lng ti thiu cn thit tch electron trng thi c bn ra khi nguyn t
4. m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht e ca nguyn t nguyn t
A. 1, 2B. 3, 4C. 2
D. 3
E. A, B
Bi 6 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
tan ca KCl 0oC l 27,6. Nng % ca dd bo ho nhit l:
A. 21,6B. 20,5C. 15,8D. 23,5E. Kt qu khc
Cu 2:
Bit rng nng ca dd bo ho KCl 40oC l 28,57%
tan ca KCl cng nhit l (g)
A. 40
B. 60
C. 30,5D. 45,6E. Kt qu khc
Cu 3:
Trn 2 a ca mt cn, ngi ta t 2 cc dd HCl v cn thng bng. Thm 4,2 NaHCO3 (thuc mui), phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phi thm vo cc kia X1 gam Fe cn tr li thng bng. Nu thay Fe bng CaCO3 th phi dng X2 gam
X1 v X2 l:
A. 2,07; 3,58GB. 0,207; 0,358C. 1,035; 1,79
D. 2,05; 3,08E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
tan ca MgSO4 20oC l 35,1g mui khan trong 100g nc. Khi thm 1g MgSO4 khan vo 100g dd MgSO4 bo ho 20oC lm cho 1,58g MgSO4 kt tinh tr li dng khan
Cng thc phn t ca MgSO4 ngm nc l:
A. MgSO4.7H2O
B. MgSO4.6H2O
C. MgSO4.5H2O
D. MgSO4.4H2O
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 5:
Cho cc anhyrit SO2, CO2, SO3, N2O5, N2O3 v cc axit H2CO3, H2SO4, HNO3, HNO2, H2SO3. Hy chn cp axit v anhyrit axit tng ng
A. SO2 ( H2SO4
B. SO3 ( H2SO3
C. N2O3 ( HNO3D. N2O5 ( HNO3
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 6:
Cho cc phn ng sau:
CaCO3 to CaO + CO2
(1)
SO2 + H2O ( H2SO3
(2)
Cu(NO3)2 to CuO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2(
(3)
Cu(OH)2 to CuO + H2O
(4)
AgNO3 to Ag + NO2 + 1/2O2(
(5)
2KMnO4 to K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
(6)
NH4Cl to NH3 + HCl
(7)
Phn ng no thuc loi phn ng oxy ho kh
A. (1), (3), (5), (6)
B. (1), (2), (3), (5), (6)
C. (3), (5), (6)
D. (2), (3), (4), (7)
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 7:
bi tng t cu trn (Cu 6)
Phn ng no khng phi l phn ng oxy ho kh
A. (2), (6), (7)B. (1), (2), (4), (7)
C. (1), (2), (6), (7)
D. (3), (5), (7)E. Tt c u sai
Cu 8:
Cho s bin i:
Ca(OH)2 900oC
to X1 ( Y ( ( CO2 ( + ...
X (
HCl Na2SO4 X2 > Z ( Z1 (Hy cho bit X c th l cht no trong cc cht sau:
A. CaCO3
B. BaSO3
C. BaCO3D. MgCO3
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 9:
* So snh tnh axit: HClO3 (1); HIO3 (2); HBrO3 (3)
A. (1) < (2) < (3)
B. (3) < (2) < (1)
C. (1) < (3) < (2)
D. (2) < (3) < (1)
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 10:
So snh tnh baz: NaOH (1), Mg(OH)2 (2), Al(OH)3 (3)
A. (1) > (2) > (3)
B. (3) > (2) > (1)
C. (1) > (3) > (2)
D. (3) > (1) > (2)
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 11:
Al(OH)3 l 1 hiroxit lng tnh, phn ng no sau y chng minh c tnh cht :
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl = AlCl3 + 3H2O
(1)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O
(2)
2Al(OH)3 to Al2O3 + 3H2O
(3)
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (1), (2)
E. (2), (3)
Cu 12:
Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28
Khi lng nguyn t l:
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 13:
Trong cc cht sau, cht no c th dn in th rn: Na, S, NaCl, KCl
A. Na;B. S;
C. NaCl;D. KCl;E. Tt c u ng
Cu 14:
Trong cc cht sau, cht no c th tos cao nht: He, HCl, CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3OCH3A. He
B. HClC. CH3OHD. C2H5OH E. CH3OCH3Cu 15:
Gi M1, M2, M3 l khi lng nguyn t ca 3 kim loi n1, n2, n3 l ho tr tng ng ca chng. Nu ta c cc h: M1 = 9n1; M2 = 20n2; M3 = 12n3 th 3 kim loi M1, M2, M3 c th l:
A. Be, Ca, MgB. Al, Ca, MgC. Be, K, Na
D. Cc cu trn u ng v K v natri c th c ng v ,
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 16:
Cho cc dd mui sau y:
X1: dd KCl
X2: dd Na2CO3X3: dd CuSO4X4: CH3COONa
X5: dd ZnSO4X6: dd AlCl3X7: dd NaCl
X8: NH4Cl
Dung dch no c pH < 7
A. X3, X8
B. X6, X8, X1
C. X3, X5, X6, X8D. X1, X2, X7E. Tt c u sai
Cu 17:
Cht xc tc c tc dng th no trong cc tc dng sau y:
A. Trc tip tham gia phn ng
B. To iu kin phn ng xy ra v lm tng vn tc phn ng nhng khng thay i trong phn ng ho hc
C. Lm chuyn di cn bng ho hc
D. C 3 cu trn u ng
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 18:
Trong cc phn t no sau y, nit c ho tr v tr tuyt i ca s oxi ho bng nhau:
A. N2
B. NH3C. NH4Cl
D. HNO3
E. (KNI3Cu 19:
Trong cc kh sau, kh no d ho lng nht:
A. CH4B. CO2C. F2
D. C2H2
E. NH3Cu 20:
Xt ba nguyn t c cc lp e ln lt l: (X) 2/8/5; (Y) 2/8/6; (Z) 2/8/7. Cc oxi axit tng ng vi s oxi ho cao nht) c xp theo th t gim dn tnh axit
A. HZO2 > H2YO4 > H3XO4
B. H3XO4 > H2YO4 > HZO4C. H2ZO4 > H2YO4 > HXO4
D. H2YO4 > HZO4 > H3XO4E. Kt qu khc
Cu 21:
Trong cc cht sau, cht no d tan trong nc nht:
A. C2H6B. C2H2C. C2H5Cl
D. NH3E. H2S
Cu 22:
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
CO2(K) + H2(K) ( CO(K) + H2O(K)
850oC bng 1. Nng ban u ca CO2 l 0,2 mol/l v ca H2 l 0,8 mol/l. Nng lc cn bng ca 4 cht trong phn ng l:
A. 0,168; 0,32; 0,05; 0,08B. 0,04; 0,64; 0,16; 0,16
C. 0,08; 0,32; 0,25; 0,25
D. 0,5; 0,5; 0,5; 0,5
E. Kt qu khc
Bi 7 - Ho i cng
Cu 1:
Xc nh nhng cu sai:
1. Bn cht ca qu trnh in phn l s phn li cc cht thnh cht mi, di tc dng ca dng in
2. Bn cht ca qu trnh in phn l phn ng oxi ho kh xy ra trn b mt in cc di tc dng ca dng in
3. Phng trnh in phn dd AgNO3:
4Ag+ + 2H2O pdd 4Ag + O2 + 4H+4. Phng trnh in phn dd AgNO3 thc cht l s in phn nc
2H2O p 2H2 + O2 AgNO3A. 1, 2, 3B. 2, 3C. 1, 2, 4D. 3, 4E. 1, 2, 3, 4
Cu 2:
Xc nh phng php iu ch Cu tinh khit t CuCO3, Cu(OH)21. Ho tan CuCO3 trong axit (H2SO4, HNO3 ...)
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 + 2H2SO4 = 2CuSO4 + CO2 + 3H2O
Sau cho tc dng vi bt Fe
Fe + Cu2+ = Fe2+ + Cu
2. Nung CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 to 2Cu + CO2( + H2O
Sau dng cht kh H2 (CO, Al ...) kh CuO, ta thu c Cu
3. Ho tan hn hp trong axit HCl ta c CuCl2, in phn CuCl2 thu c Cu
A. 1, 2B. 2, 3C. 1
D. 3
E. 1, 2, 3
Cu 3:
Cc phng trnh phn ng no sau y vit ng:
1. Cu + 4H+ + 2NO3- ( Cu2+ + 2NO2 + 2H2O
2. MnO2 + 4H+ + 2Cl- ( Mn2+ + Cl2( + 2H2O
3. HSO3- + H+ ( SO2 + H2O
4. Ba(HCO3)2 + 2HNO3 ( Ba(NO3)2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O
5. 3NO2 + H2O ( 2H+ + 2NO3- + NO
6. 2Fe + 3Cl2 to 2FeCl37. Br2 + SO3 + 2H2O ( 2HBr + H2SO48. CO2 + Br2 + H2O ( HBr + H2CO39. 2NO2 + 2OH- ( NO3- + NO2- + H2O
10. Cl2 + 2OH- ( Cl- + ClO- + H2O
11. SO2 + 2OH- ( SO3- + H2O
12. CO2 + 2OH- ( CO32- + H2O
A. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7B. 4, 5, 6, 7
C. 9, 10, 11, 12
D. 1, 2, 3
E. B, C, D
Cu 4:
Cc phng php no sau y ng:
1. Dng cht oxi ho hoc dng in oxi ho kim loi thnh ion kim loi
M ( Mn+ + e
2. Dng cht kh hoc dng in kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi
Mn+ + ne ( M
3. Ho tan anot khi in phn
4. Ho tan kim loi trong dd axit c ion kim loi
A. 1, 2, 4B. 2, 3, 4C. 2, 3D. 1, 4E. C, D
Cu 5:
Nhng nhn xt no sau y ng:
1. Trong hp cht ho hc, cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau theo mt t l nht nh v khi lng
2. Trong hn hp th t l cc hp phn thay i
3. Trong hp cht ho hc v hn hp cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau theo 1 t l xc nh
4. Cc cht hp phn ca hn hp c th tch c d dng bng phng php n gin: lc, chit, chng, i ...
5. Khng th phn chia 1 hp cht thnh cc nguyn t dng n cht bng lc, chit, chng, i ...
6. Tnh cht hp cht khc tnh cht cc nguyn t to nn hp cht
7. C th nhn ra s c mt ca cc thnh phn c trong hn hp da vo tnh cht ca chng
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
B. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7C. 4, 5, 6, 7
D. 3, 4, 5, 6
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 6:
Cation R+ c cu hnh phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p4
C. 1s22s22p3D. 1s22s22p63s1E. 1s22s22p63s2Cu 7:
Cho 4 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg, Cu v 4 dd ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuCl2, MgSO4. Kim loi no kh c c 4 dd mui
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Al
D. Cu
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 8:
Xt ba nguyn t c cu hnh e ln lt l:
(X) 1s22s22p63s1;
(Y) 1s22s22p63s2;
(Z) 1s22s22p63s23p1Hiroxit ca X, Y, Z xp theo th t tnh baz tng dn l:
A. XOH < Y(OH)2 < Z(OH)3
B. Y(OH)2 < Z(OH)3 < X(OH)C. Z(OH)3 < Y(OH)2 < XOH
D. Z(OH)2 < Y(OH)3 < XOH
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 9:
Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him
A. Na+B. Mg2+C. Al3+D. Fe2+E. F-Cu 10:
Cho dd cha cc ion sau: (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-(
Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi dd m khng a ion l vo dd, ta c th cho dd tc dng vi cht no trong cc cht sau y:
A. Dung dch K2CO3 va B. Dung dch Na2SO4 va
C. Dung dch NaoH va D. Dung dch Na2CO3 va
E. Tt c u ng
Cu 11:
Hn hp A gm 2 cht kh N2 v H2 c t l mol nN2 : nH2 = 1 : 4
Nung A vi xc tc ta c hn hp kh B, trong sn phm NH3 chim 20% theo th tch. Vy hiu sut tng hp NH3 l (%)
A. 43,76B. 20,83C. 10,41D. 48,62E. Kt qu khc
Cu 12:
Trong t nhin, oxi c 3 ng v bn l: , , ; cn cacbon c ng v bn l , . S phn t kh cacbonic c th to ra l:
A. 6
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24
E. 30
Cu 13:
Nguyn t Y c Z = 27. Trong bng HTTH, Y c v tr
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIB
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
E. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA
Cu 14:
Cho cc cht v ion sau: HCO3-, H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Be(OH)2, HSO4-, Cu(OH)2, Mn(NO3)2, Zn(OH)2, CH3COONH4. Theo Bronsted, cc cht v ion no l lng tnh:
A. Al2O3, ZnO, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2B. HCO3-, H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, CH3COONH4C. HSO4-, Al2O3, ZnO, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, NH4NO3D. H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2E. Tt c u sai
Cu 15:
Cc cht v ion c th va c tnh kh va c tnh oxy ho tu theo iu kin v tc nhn phn ng vi chng
A. SO2, S, Fe3+
B. Fe2+, Fe, Ca, KMnO4C. SO2, Fe2+, S, Cl2
D. SO3, S, Fe2+
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 16:
Cc cht hay ion ch c tnh oxy ho
A. N2O5, Na+, Fe2+B. Fe3+, Na+, N2O5, NO3-, KMnO4, Fe
C. KMnO4, NO3-, F, Na+, Ca, Cl2D. Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+, F, Na+, Ca, Cl2E. Tt c u sai
Cu 17:
Cc cht v ion ch c tnh kh
A. SO2, H2S, Fe2+, Ca, N2O5
B. Fe, Ca, F, NO3-C. H2S, Ca, Fe
D. H2S, Ca, Fe, Na+, NO3-E. Tt c u sai
Cu 18:
Cho cc phn ng
(1) Fe3O4 + HNO3 (
(2) FeO + HNO3 ((3) Fe2O3 + HNO3 (
(4) HCl + NaOH ((5) HCl + Mg (
(6) Cu + HNO3 (Phn ng no l phn ng oxy ho kh
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6B. 1, 2, 5, 6
C. 1, 4, 5, 6
D. 2, 6
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 19:
Cho cc phn ng:
X + HCl ( B + H2(
(1)
B + NaOH ( C( + ...
(2)
C + KOH ( dd A + ...
(3)
Dung dch A + HCl va ( C((4)
Vy X l kim loi sau:
A. Zn;B. Al;
C. Fe;
D. Zn, Al;
E. Kim loi khc
Cu 20:
Cc cht v ion no ch c tnh kh:
A. Na, O2-, H2S, NH3, Fe2+
B. Cl-, Na, O2-, H2S, NH3C. Na, HCl, SO42-, SO3, N2O
D. Cl-, Na, H2S, Fe2+E. Tt c u sai
Cu 21:
Cc cht v ion no ch c tnh oxi ho
A. SO42-, SO3, NO3-, N2O5
B. Cl2, SO42-, SO3, Na
C. Cl-, Na, O2-, H2S
D. Fe2+, O2-, NO, SO3, N2O, SO2E. Tt c u ng
Cu 22:
Xt cc dd X1: CH3COONaX2: NH4Cl
X3: Na2CO3 X4: NaHSO4
X5: NaCl
Cc dd c pH > 7
A. X2, X4, X5B. X1, X3, X4C. X2, X3, X4, X5D. X1, X3
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 23:
Tm cht oxy ho trong cc phn ng sau:
o +2
2HCl + Fe = FeCl2 + H2(
(1)
Cu2+ + Zn = Zn2+ + Cu(
(2)
Fe2+ + 2OH- = Fe(OH)2
(3)
Na + 1/2Cl2 = NaCl
(4)
HNO3 + NaOH = NaNO3 + H2O
(5)
CH3-CH2-OH + CuO ( CH3CHO + Cu + H2O(6)
A. Cu2+, Cl2, HNO3, CuO
B. HCl, Cu2+, HNO3, CuO
C. HCl, Fe2+, HNO3, Cl2
D. HCl, Cu2+, Cl2, CuO
Cu 24:
So snh s phn t c trong 1 lt kh CO2 v 1 lt kh SO2 (o cng iu kin to, P)
A. CO2 c nhiu phn t hn
B. SO2 c nhiu phn t hn
C. CO2 v SO2 c s phn t bng nhau
D. Khng th so snh v thiu iu kin
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 25:
ng c 2 ng v v . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54 % hin din ca ng v l:
A. 73%B. 80%C. 75%D. 27%E. Tt c u sai
Cu 26:
Cc tp hp ion no sau y c th ng thi tn ti trong cng 1 dd.
A. Cu2+, Cl-, Na+, OH-, NO3-
B. Fe2+, K+, NO3-, OH-, NH4+C. NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-, OH-, Al3+D. Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, NO3-, Cl-
E. Zn2+, Mg2+, SO42-, CO32-Cu 27:
Nu qui nh rng hai ion gy phn ng trao i hay trung ho l mt cp ion i khng th tp hp cc ion no sau y c cha ion i khng vi OH-A. Ca2+, K+, SO42-, Cl-
B. Ca2+, Ba2+, Cl-C. HCO3-, HSO3-, Ca2+, Ba2+D. Ba2+, Na+, NO3-E. Tt c 4 tp hp trn
Cu 28:
Cc cht hay ion c tnh axit l:
A. HSO4-, NH4+, HCO3-
B. NH4+, HCO3-, CH3COO-C. ZnO, Al2O3, HSO4-, NH4+D. HSO4-, NH4+E. Tt c u sai
Cu 29:
Cc cht hay ion c tnh baz:
A. CO32-, CH3COO-
B. NH4+, Na+, ZnO, Al2O3C. Cl-, CO32-, CH3COO-, HCO3-
D. HSO4-, HCO3-, NH4+E.Tt c u sai
Cu 30:
Cc cht hay ion lng tnh:
A. Al2O3, ZnO, HSO4-
B. Al2O3, ZnO, HSO4-, HCO3-
C. H2O, Al2O3, ZnO
D. Al2O3, ZnO
E. Al2O3, ZnO, H2O, HCO3-Cu 31:
Cc cht v ion trung tnh:
A. Cl-, Na+, NH4+, H2O
B. ZnO, Al2O3, H2O
C. Cl-, Na+
D. NH4+, Cl-, H2O
E. Tt c u sai
Chng II
Bi tp trc nghim ho v c
Bi 1. Ho v c
Cu 1:
Nhng kt lun no sau y ng:
T dy th in ho:
1. Kim loi cng v bn tri th cng hot ng (cng d b oxi ho); cc ion ca kim loi c tnh oxi ho cng yu (cng kh b kh)
2. Kim loi t bn tri y c kim loi t bn phi (ng sau) ra khi dd mui
3. Kim loi khng tc dng vi nc y c kim loi t bn phi (ng sau) ra khi dd mui
4. Kim loi t bn tri hiro y c hiro ra khi dd axit khng c tnh oxi ho
5. Ch nhng kim loi u dy mi y c hiro ra khi nc
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 3, 4, 5
C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D. 2, 4
E. 1, 4, 5
Cu 2:
Bit Ag+ + Fe2+ ( Fe3+ + Ag
Fe3+ + Cu ( Fe2+ + Cu2+Hg2+ c tnh oxi ho ln hn Ag+, Ca c tnh kh ln hn Na
Sp xp tnh oxi ho cc ion kim loi tng dn, nhng sp xp no sau y ng
1. Ca2+/Ca < Na+/Na < Fe2+/Fe < Pb2+/Pb < 2H+/H2 < Cu2+/Cu < Fe3+/Fe2+ < Ag+/Ag < Hg2+/Hg
2. Na+/Na < Ca2+/Ca < Fe3+/Fe < Fe2+/Fe < Pb2+/Pb < 2H+/H2 < Cu2+/Cu < Hg2+/Hg < Ag+/Ag
3. Ca2+/Ca > Na+/Na > Fe2+/Fe > Pb2+/Pb > 2H+/H2 > Cu2+/Cu > Fe3+/Fe2+ > Ag+/Ag > Hg2+/Hg
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1, 2E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 3:
Nung 11,2g Fe v 26g Zn vi mt lng lu hunh c d. Sn phm ca phn ng cho tan hon ton trong axit HCl. Kh sinh ra c dn vo dd CuSO4Th tch dd CuSO4 10% (d = 1,1) cn phi ly hp th ht kh sinh ra l (ml)
A. 500,6
B. 376,36
C. 872,72
D. 525,25
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
C 3 dd: NaOH, HCl, H2SO4 long. Thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dd l:
A. Zn
B. Al
C. CaCO3 ( phn)
D. Na2CO3
E. Qu tm
Cu 5:
Ho tan 7,8g hn hp gm Al, Mg bng dd HCl d. Sau phn ng, khi lng dd axit tng thm 7g
Khi lng Al v Mg trong hn hp u l (g):
A. 5,4; 2,4
B. 2,7; 1,2
C. 5,8; 3,6
D. 1,2; 2,4
E. Khng xc nh c v thiu iu kin
Cu 6:
ho tan mt hn hp gm Zn v ZnO ngi ta phi dng 100,8 ml dd HCl 36,5% d = 1,19. Phn ng lm gii phng 0,4 mol kh. Khi lng hn hp gm Zn v ZnO em phn ng l:
A. 21,1B. 12,5C. 40,1D. 25,3E. 42,2
Cu 7:
C 200 ml dd CuSO4 (d = 1,25) (dd A). Sau khi in phn A, khi lng ca dd gim i 8g. Mt khc lm kt ta ht lng CuSO4 cn li cha b in phn phi dng ht 1,12 lt H2S ( ktc). Nng % v nng M ca dd CuSO4 trc khi in phn l:
A. 96; 0,75
B. 50; 0,5
C. 20; 0,2
D. 30; 0,55
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 8:
Khi in phn 1 dm3 dd NaCl (d = 1,2). Trong qu trnh in phn ch thu c 1 cht kh in cc. Sau qu trnh in phn kt thc, ly dd cn li trong bnh in phn c cn cho ht hi nc thu c 125g cn kh. em cn kh nhit phn khi lng gim i 8g
Hiu sut qu trnh in phn l:
A. 46,8B. 20,3C. 56,8D. 20,3 E. Kt qu khc
Cu 9:
Sc kh Clo vo dd NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton ta thu c 1,17g NaCl. S mol hn hp NaBr v NaI c trong dd ban u l:
A. 0,1 mol
B. 0,15 mol
C. 1,5 mol
D. 0,02 mol
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 10:
Cho phng trnh phn ng:
Al + HNO3 ( Al(NO3)3 + N2O + N2 + ...
Nu t l gia N2O v N2 l 2 : 3 th sau khi cn bng ta c t l mol
nAl: nN2O: nN2 l:
A. 23:4:6
B. 46:6:9
C. 46:2:3
D. 20: 2:3
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 11:
Khi lm lnh 400 ml dd ng sunfat 25% (d = 1,2) th c 50g CuSO4.5H2O. Kt tinh li. Lc b mui kt tinh ri cho 11,2 lt kh H2S (ktc) i qua nc lc. Khi lng kt ta to thnh v CuSO4 cn li trong dd l:
A. 48; 8B. 24; 4C. 32; 8D. 16; 16E. Kt qu khc
Cu 12:
Nhng bn km v bn st vo cng mt dd ng sunfat. Sau mt thi gian, nhc hai bn kim loi ra th trong dd thu c nng mol ca km sunfat bng 2,5 ln ca st sunfat. Mt khc, khi lng ca dd gim 0,11g
Khi lng ng bm ln mi kim loi l (g):
A. 1,28 v 3,2B. 6,4 v 1,6
C. 1,54 v 2,6
D. 8,6 v 2,4
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 13:
Ho tan 27,348g hn hp KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 vo nc c 200 ml dd A, phi dng 358,98 ml HNO3 (D = 1,06) mi trung ho. Khi ly 100 ml dd A tc dng vi lng dd K2CO3 c ly gp i lng va phn ng, to ra dd B v 0,1g kt ta. Nng M ca dd A l:
A. 1; 2
B. 1,5; 3; 0,2C. 2; 0,2; 0,02
D. 3; 2; 0,01
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 14:
Ho tan mt lng NaOH vo nc (c hai u nguyn cht) c dd A. trong phng th nghim do nh hng ca CO2 vo m A thnh dd B. Nu cho lng d dd MgCl2 tc dng vi 50 ml dd B th c 0,42g kt ta MgCO3; phi dng 50 ml dd H2SO4 mi va tc dng ht vi 50 ml dd B. Nng dd A v dd B l (mol/l)
A. 2; 1,8; 0,1B. 4; 3,6; 0,2C. 6; 5,4; 0,3
D. 8; 1,8; 0,1E. Kt qu khc
Cu 15:
Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp X l:
A. 50%; 50%
B. 60%; 40%C. 48,27%; 51,73%
D. 56,42%; 43,48%E. Kt qu khc
Cu 16:
S cht tan trong dd mi:
A. 5 chtB. 4 chtC. 3 chtD. 2 cht
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 17:
Nng mol/lit ca cc cht trong dd mi
A. 0,25M; 0,125M; 0,125M
B. 0,125M; 0,15M; 0,2M; 0,2M
C. 0,125M; 0,14M; 0,2M; 0,2M; 0,3M
D. 0,25M; 1,25M; 0,125M
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 18:
Trong 1 cc ng 200 ml dd AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc V ml dd NaOH nng a mol/l, ta thu c mt kt ta, em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i th c 5,1g cht rn
a) Nu V = 200 ml th a c gi tr no sau y:
A. 2M
B. 1,5M hay 3M
C. 1M hay 1,5M
D. 1,5M hay 7,5M
E. Kt qu khc
b) Nu a = 2 mol/l th gi tr ca V l:
A. 150 ml
B. 650 ml
C. 150 ml hay 650 ml
D. 150 ml hay 750 ml
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 19:
Ho tan 3,28g hn hp mui CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc c dd A. Nhng vo dd 1 thanh Mg v khuy u cho n khi mu xanh ca dd bin mt. Ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8g. C c dd n khan th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,15gB. 1,43gC. 2,43gD. 4,13g
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 20:
Chia 2,29g hn hp gm 3 kim loi Zn, Mg, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tan hon ton trong dd HCl gii phng 1,456 lt H2 (ktc) v to ra m gam hn hp mui Clorua
- Phn 2 b oxi ho hon ton thu c m gam hn hp 3 oxit
a) Khi lng m c gi tr:
A. 4,42gB. 3,355gC. 2,21g D. 2,8g
E. Kt qu khc
b) Khi lng hn hp oxit l:
A. 2,185g
B. 4,37g
C. 6,45g
D. 4,15g
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 21:
Mt mnh kim loi X c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi Cl2 ta c mui B. Phn 2 tc dng vi HCl ta c mui C. Cho kim loi tc dng vi dd mui B ta li c mui C. Vy X l:
A. Al
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. MgE. Tt c u sai
Cu 22:
Mt tm kim loi bng vng b bm mt lp Fe b mt, ta c th ra lp Fe loi tp cht trn b mt v bng dd no sau y;
A. Dung dch CuSO2 d
B. Dung dch FeSO4 d
C. Dung dch FeCl3 d
D. Dung dch ZnSO4 d
E. Tt c cc dd trn
Cu 23:
Cho cc dd X1: dd HCl
X2: dd KNO3X3: dd HCl + KNO3X4: dd Fe2(SO4)3Dung dch no c th ho tan c bt Cu
A. X1, X4, X2B. X3, X4
C. X1, X2, X3, X4D. X3, X2
E. Tt c u sai
Cho 5 dd sau:
A1: (Cu2+, Ag+, NO3-(
A2: (Na+, SO42-, NO3-(A3: (Na+, K+, Cl-, OH-(
A4: (K+, Ba2+, NO3-(A5: (Cu2+, Zn2+, SO42-(
A6: (Na+, K+, Br-, Cl-(Ln lt in phn cc dd trn vi in cc tr, trong khong thi gian t:
Cu 24:
Sau khi in phn dd no c tnh axit:
A. A1, A2B. A2, A5C. A3, A4D. A4, A6E. A1, A5Cu 25:
Sau khi in phn dd no c mi trng trung tnh:
A. A2, A4B. A1, A5C. A3, A5D. A6, A1E. Tt c u sai
Cu 26:
Dung dch no sau khi in phn c tnh baz:
A. A2, A4B. A1, A3C. A2, A4, A6D. A3, A6E. Tt c u sai
Cu 27:
Cho dd cha cc ion: Na+, K+, Cu2+, Cl-, SO4-, NO3-. Cc ion no khng b in phn khi trng thi dd
A. Na+, SO42- ( Cl-, K+
B. Cu2+, K+, NO3-, Cl-C. Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-
D. Na+, K+, NO3-, SO42-E. Tt c u sai
Cu 28:
Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon ton, ta thu c 2,32g hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy 5g kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loai ban u l (gam)
A. 3,12B. 3,22C. 4
D. 4,2
E. 3,92
Cu 29:
Cho 1,53g hn hp Mg, Cu, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448 ml (ktc). C cn hn hp sau phn ng ri nung khan trong chn khng s thu c mt cht rn c khi lng l:
A. 2,95gB. 3,9gC. 2,24gD. 1,885g
E. Khng xc nh c v thiu d kin
Cu 30:
Trong mt bnh kn th tch khng i cha bt S v C th tch khng ng k. Bm khng kh vo bnh n p sut p = 2 atm, to = 15oC. Bt tia la S v C chy thnh SO2 v CO2, sau a bnh v 25oC, p sut trong bnh lc l:
A. 1,5 atm
B. 2,5 atm
C. 2 atmD. 4 atm
E. V nh
Bi 2. Ho v c
Cu 1:
C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch dng c dd H2SO4 long (khng c dng thm bt c cht no khc k c qu tm, nc nguyn cht) c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no?
A. C 5 kim loi
B. Ag, Fe
C. Ba, Al, Ag
D. Ba, Mg, Fe, Al
E. Fe, Ag, Al
Cu 2:
Kt qu xc nh nng mol/lit ca cc ion trong 1 dd nh sau: Na+: 0,05; Ca2+: 0,01; NO3: 0,01; Cl-: 0,04; HCO3-: 0,025
Hi kt qu ng hay sai
A. Sai
B. ng
C. Khng xc nh c do khng cho th tch dd
D. Thiu iu kin tiu chun, khng xc nh c
E. Thiu cng thc phn t cc cht c th nn khng xc nh c
Cu 3:
Cho 4,5g hn hp Rubidi v mt kim loi kim A vo nc thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc)
Kim loi kim A v thnh phn % khi lng ca n l:
A. Li; 24,34
B. Na; 20,3
C. K; 40,5
D. Cs; 50,3
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
Ly 1 dd clorua st hai thm d axit HCl ri thm 0,5g mt hn hp nc mui m ngi ta ch bit cha nitrat v clorua Kali. Mt kh c gii phng, lm kh chim 100 ml ( ktc)
Thnh phn % khi lng ca hn hp mui nitrat v lng st ti thiu cn ho tan trong d axit HCl l:
A. 90,18%; 0,75g
B. 50,2%; 0,5g
C. 60,4%; 0,675g
D. 40,5%; 0,7g
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 5:
Ho tan 0,14g hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng axit HCl d thu c kh A v 2,54g cht rn B. Bit trong hp kim ny khi lng Al gp 4,5 ln khi lng Mg. Th tch kh A l (lit)
A. 7,84B. 5,6
C. 5,8
D. 6,2
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 6:
Ho tan hn hp Mg v Zn trong H2SO4 long thu c 1,792 lt H2 (ktc), lng Zn gp 4,514 ln lng Mg. Khi lng hn hp ban u l (g)
A. 0,72; 3,25B. 0,62; 3,2
C. 0,5; 3,0
D. 0,3; 2,5
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 6a:
Ho tan 72g hn hp Cu v Mg trong H2SO4 c c 27,72 lt SO2 (ktc) v 4,8g S
Thnh phn % Cu trong hn hp l:
A. 50
B. 30
C. 20
D. 40
E. 70
Cu 7:
Ngi ta thng nh gi cht lng ca clorua vi k thut bng Clo hot ng, ngha l t l phn trm ca lng kh Clo sinh ra kh clorua vi tc dng vi axit HCl c so vi lng clorua vi k thut
1. clo hot ng l thuyt ca clorua vi khi cha 100% CaOCl2 tinh khit l (%)
A. 40
B. 56
C. 60
D. 35
E. Kt qu khc
2. Khi cho 12,5g clorua vi k thut tc dng vi axit HCl c, thu c 1,222 lt Clo ( ktc). Clo hot ng ca clorua vi k thut v hm lng CaOCl2 trong sn phm k thut l (%)
A. 31 v 54,9
B. 25,5 v 60
C. 15 v 27,4
D. 29 v 40,5
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 8:
Ho tan vo nc 7,14g hn hp mui cacbonat v cacbonat axit ca mt kim loi ho tr 1. Sau thm vo dd thu c 0,672 lt kh ktc
Thnh phn s mol ca nc cacbonat trong hn hp trn l:
A. 0,01
B. 0,02
C. 0,1
D. 0,2
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 9:
Khi dng CO kh Fe2O3 thu c hn hp cc cht rn cn li. Ho tan hn hp cht rn bng dd HCl d gii phng 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Dung dch sau khi ho tan cho tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c 45g kt ta trng. Th tch CO dng vo qu trnh trn 200oC; 0,8 at l (lt):
A. 23,3B. 2,33C. 46,6D. 5,25 E. Kt qu khc
Cu 10:
Cho 0,52g hn hp 2 kim loi tan hon ton trong H2SO4 long d thy c 0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c s l (gam)
A. 2
B. 2,4
C. 3,92D. 1,96E. Kt qu khc
Cu 11;
Th tch dd H2SO4 0,5M ti thiu
loi cu trn (cu 10) l:
A. 0,3 ltB. 0,6 ltC. 0,045 ltD. 0,1
Cu 12:
Cho 100 ml dd KOH vo 100 ml dd
gam kt ta keo. Nng mol/lit ca dd KO
A. 1,5MB. 3,5MC. 1
D. 2M v 3ME. Kt qu khc
Cu 13:
Hn hp X gm 2 kh H2S v CO2 c t khi i vi H2 l dx = 19,5. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l (%)
A. 50 v 50
B. 59,26 v 40,7
C. 43,59 v 56,41
D. 35,5 v 64,5E. Tt c u sai v thiu d kin
Cu 14:
Trn ln 100 ml dd KOH 1M vi 50 ml dd H3PO4 1M th nng mol/lit ca mui trong dd thu c l:
A. 0,33M
B. 0,66M
C. 0,44M
D. 1,1M
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 15:
Hn hp X gm 2 kh H2S v CO2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l dx = 19,5
Th tch dd KOH 1M ti thiu hp th ht 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) cho trn l (ml)
A. 100B. 200C. 150D. 150 hay 200
E. Tt c u sai v thiu d kin bit t l mol gia CO2 v KOH
Cu 16:
Cho 2,81g hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M th khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l:
A. 3,81gB. 4,81gC. 5,21gD. 4,8gE. Kt qu khc
Cu 17:
Xem cc phn ng:
CuSO4 + Mg = MgSO4 + Cu(
(1)
CuSO4 + 2KOH = Cu(OH)2( + K2SO4
(2)
CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2 + H2O
(3)
Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2(
(4)
CaCO3 to CaO + CO2(
(5)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3( + H2O
(6)
Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2(
(7)
NaCl + H2O p NaOH + 1/2H2 + 1/2Cl2(8)
Cc phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. (1), (8)
B. (1), (2), (3), (8)
C. (1), (4), (7), (8)
D. (1), (3), (4), (6)
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 18:
t chy hon ton 1,2g mt sunfat kim loi kh SO2 thot ra b oxy ho hon ton v cho vo nc c mt dd. Cho dd ny tc dng vi dd BaCl2 d thu c 4,66g kt ta. Thnh phn % ca S trong mui sunfat l:
A. 36,33%
B. 46,67%
C. 53,33%
D. 26,666%
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 19:
Cho 112 ml lt kh CO2 (ktc) b hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dd Ca(OH)2 ta c 0,1g kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dd nc vi l:
A. 0,05M
B. 0,005M
C. 0,002M
D. 0,015M
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 20:
Cho 19,2g mt kim loi M tan hon ton trong dd HNO3 th thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) NO. Vy kim loi M l:
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Cu
D. MgE. Tt c u sai
Cu 21:
Cc kh no sau y c th lm nht mu dd nc brom:
A. CO2, SO2, N2, H2S
B. SO2, H2S
C. H2S, N2, NO, SO2D. NO2, CO2, SO2
E. Tt c u sai
Cu 22:
Pht biu no sau y lun lun ng
A. Mt cht hay ion c tnh oxy ho gp mt cht hay ion c tnh kh th nht thit xy ra phn ng oxy ho kh
B. Mt cht hay ion th hoc ch c tnh kh hoc ch c tnh oxy ho
C. Trong mi phn nhm chnh ca bng HTTH, ch gm cc nguyn t kim loi hoc gm cc nguyn t phi kim
D. S nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong cng thc phn t lun lun l s nguyn dng
E. Tt c cc pht biu trn u lun lun ng
Cu 23:
Cho cc cht kh v hi sau: CO2, SO2, NO2, H2S, NH3, NO, CO, H2O, CH4, HCl. Cc kh v hi no c th hp th bi dd NaOH c:
A. CO2, SO2, CH4, HCl, NH3
B. CO2, SO2, NO2, H2O, HCl, H2S
C. NO, CO, NH3, H2O, HCl
D. C A, B, C u ng
E. Tt c A, B, C, D u sai
Cu 24:
Gi s c 6 phn ng sau:
CuO + H2 to Cu + H2O
(1)
Al2O3 + 2Fe to Fe2O3 + 2Al
(2)
Na2O + H2 to 2Na + H2O
(3)
SO2 + 2NaOH to Na2SO3 + H2O(4)
Cu + MgCl2 to CuCl2 + Mg(
(5)
H2CO3 + CaCl2 to CaCO3 ( 2HCl(6)
Phn ng no c th xy ra:
A. (1), (2), (3), (4)
B. (1), (4), (6)
C. (1), (4)
D. (1), (2), (4), (5)
E. Tt c u sai.
Bi 3. Ho V C
Cu 1:
Ho tan 1 mol hiro clorua vo nc. Cho vo dd 300g dd NaOH 10%.
Mi trng ca dd thu c l:
A. Axit
B. Trung ho
C. Kim
D. Va axit va kimE. Khng xc nh c
Cu 2:
Gy n hn hp gm 3 kh trong bnh kn. Mt kh c iu ch bng cch cho axit HCl d tc dng vi 21,45g Zn. Kh th 2 thu c khi phn hu 25,5g NaNO3, kh th ba thu c do axit HCl d tc dng vi 2,61g mangan ioxit
Nng % ca cht trong dd thu c sau khi gy n
A. 28,85B. 20,35C. 10,5D. 14,42
E. Khng gii thch c v thiu iu kin
Cu 3:
Cho 10g hn hp cc kim loi magi v ng tc dng dd HCl long thu c 3,733 lt H2 (ktc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l:
A. 50
B. 40
C. 35
D. 20
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 4:
Cn trung ho 60g NaOH, s ml dd HCl 1M dng l:
A. 1500B. 1000C. 1300D. 950
E. Kt qu khc
Cu 5:
Hai kh ca hn hp ban u l:
A. N2 v H2
B. H2 v Cl2
C. H2 v O2D. N2 v O2
E. CO2 v Cl2Cu 6:
Thnh phn % ca hn hp kh l:
A. 50; 50B. 66,7; 33,3
C. 25,5; 74,5
D. 20; 80E. Kt qu khc
Cu 7:
So snh th tch kh NO thot ra trong 2 trng hp sau:
1.Cho 6,4g Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dd HNO3 1M (TN1)
2.Cho 6,4g Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dd HNO3 1M + H2SO4 0,5M (TN2)
A. TN1 > TN2B. TN2 > TN1C. TN1 = TN2D. A v C
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 8:
Cho hn hp A gm FeS2 + FeCO3 (vi s mol bng nhau) vo bnh kn cha khng kh vi lng gp i lng cn thit phn ng ht vi hn hp A. Nung bnh nhit cao cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau a bnh v nhit ban u, gi thit th tch cht rn khng ng k dung tch bnh khng i v khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong O2 chim 20% th tch
p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau khi nung:
A. Bng nhauB. Ptrc > Psau
C. Psau > PtrcD. A v B
E. Khng xc nh c
Cu 9:
Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch CuSO4 bng cch:
1. Ngm Cu trong dd H2SO4 long, sc kh O2 lin tc
2. Ho tan Cu bng H2SO4 c nng. Cch lm no c li hn
A. 1
B. 2
C. 1, 2
D. Tt c u sai
E. Phng php khc
Cu 10:
Trong 1 ng thu tinh hn kn, mt u m g bt Zn, u kia n g Ag2O. N
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