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οξξνωφ;νεπ΄σωκν
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2002
2
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SUMMARY 146
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26
27
2 Gisela Striker, Essays on hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, USA, Cambridge
University Press, 1996, . 169 170.
28
8
5. 95
. 99
. 106
. 108
112
29
30
31
,
, , ,
, .3
,
,
.
3 . . Long,
. ,
,
19 .
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. .
,
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.
. , ,
,
. . . . Long,
(, , ) . ,
, , , 1990, . 178. .
, , ,
, , . , , 1997, . 7 28.
,
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, . F.W. Walbank, The
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. ,
, ,
,4
,
, - .
, , A. H. Armstrong,5
, ,
6 .
, Armstrong,
, .
, , ,
. , , ,7 4
, . .
, 329b6-c7. 5 A. H. Armstrong, An introduction to Ancient Philosophy, University Paperbacks -
Methuen, London, 1965, . 114. 6 ,
, . : ,
, , ,
,
, , ,
, , .(310-311)
, , . . , . ,
, 1998, . 253. 7 , , Jean Sirinelli,
,
, . ,
33
Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy - History and
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. ,
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,
,
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,
.
: .
,
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, ,
.
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. .
, , . , . ..
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, , Max Pohlenz,
, . . Max Pohlenz, Die
Stoa, Gttingen, Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, 1948, . 340. 8 , , James Mark Baldwin,
,
, .
34
. ,
,9
: ,
... ,
. . James Mark Baldwin, History of Psychology:A
Sketch and an Interpretation, New York and London, G.P. Putnams Sons, 1913,
Volume 1, . 70. , ,
Hellenistic Ethics and Philosophical Power A. A. Long :
; , ,
-
: ,
,
, Foucault,
. . Peter Green (editor), Hellenistic
History & Culture, The University of California Press, 1993, . 293.
. McKiraham, ,
, , . ,
, 1997, . 19 29. 9 John Dewey,
, ,
, ,
, .
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. .
, ,
,
. Dewey,
35
. , ,
.
: , ,
.10
,
,
. ,
Dewey, ,
. . John Dewey,
Democracy and Education, ew York, The Free Press, London, Collier- Macmillan,
1966, . 26. ,
,
A. A. Long:
.
, ,
. , ,
. , ,
, ( 11-
12).
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
. . Peter Green (editor), ..,
. 293
10 . Stumpf, Samuel Enoch, Philosophy: history and problems., U.S.A, McGraw-
Hill, Inc., 1989, . 109. ,
36
, , A. A. Long,
,
.
,
.
.11
,
, :
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,
.
.
,
, ,
. . , , . . . ,
, 2001, . 243. , . Felix
Grayeff, Aristotle and his school, London, Duchworth, 1974, . 57 - 68.
, : The emergence of new philosophical schools during the
fourth and third centuries b.C. 11 . . Long, .., . 177 178. Hellenistic Ethics and
Philosophical Power, , Long, ,
37
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Germany, 1971, . 255. 13 . .., . 262. . Jos Ferrater
Mora, , , . .
, . , , 1997, . 11 41. 14 ,
Hegel,
.
19 Hegel.
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38 De senectute, c. 7 Tennemann, Bd. IV, S. 444.) -
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officiis III,2) - , ,
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natura deorum I,3).
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16 . 17 ,
, Robert Dobbin,
Epictetus Discourses (Book 1). Dobbin,
.
(98-117 ..)
5.17 ,
: 'tnoj cei tn caraktra toto t tetrssaron; Traiano;
fre. Nrwnoj; yon xw,. . Robert Dobbin, Epictetus Discourses (Book
1), Clarendon Press Oxford, 1998, . xi. ,
, Noctes Atticae ulus - Gellius (.
, 18 XV, 11),
. 18 Dobbin, ,
, ,
. ,
, (. ,
..27 .9.29). .9.29
: otwj ka `Rofoj peirzwn m' eqei lgein
'Sumbseta soi toto ka toto p to desptou'. kmo prj atn
pokrinamnou ti ''Anqrpina' 'T on ti kenon parakal par so at
laben dunmeno'; (1,9,29,1 1,9,30,3).
. C. E. Lutz, Musonius Rufus The Roman Socrates, New Haven, Yale
Univers. Press, 1947, . 32 128.
59
basilwj Nrwnoj. phrwqej d t skloj p ematoj19 n Nikoplei tj naj 'Hperou khse, ka diatenaj mcri Mrkou 'Antwnnou graye
poll.20 , ,
.
, ,
: 'Arrianj, Nikomhdej, filsofoj 'Epiktteioj, piklhqej noj Xenofn. n d n `RmV p 'Adriano ka Mrkou ka 'Antwnnou tn basilwn, ka xiwmtwn metalabn ka mcrij ato to
patesai, kaq fhsin `Eliknioj, di tn tj paideaj dexithta. graye d bibla pamplhq.21
, ,
,22 ,23 19 .8.14 .16.20. ,
. , :
Okon 'Epkthton; Oj to desptou streblontoj ato t skloj
pomeidin nekplktwj lege Katssei, ka katxantoj Ok legon,
epen, ti katssei; . , 7,53,13 16. 20 . , 2424. 1-4. 21 . , 3868. 1-5. 22 ( )
, .
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, . . Robert Dobbin,
.., . xii.
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60
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... ngkh n toto pscein tn kromenon atn per kenoj atn
paq
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93 .., . .
Robert Dobbin, .., . xi. 24 . , Lucius Gellius, 7. John M. Rist
: ...
, - -
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. . John M. Rist, Epictetus: Ex-Slave, Man, Soul and
Body, Variorum, 1996, . 9, . 3.
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volont dans le stoicisme, P.U.F., 1973, . 131. 26 Barry Smith, Textual Deference,
,
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. . Barry Smith, Textual Deference,
American Philosophical Quarterly, 28: 1, 1991, 1-13.
62
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27 . Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a way of life, . Michael Chase,
Blackwell Publishers, 1995, . 91. 28 , Robert Dobbin
Schenkl (1916: lxxxi lxxxii),
. , Dobbin,
. , ,
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70
2002
5
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. 11
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73
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. 26
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atn paqen boleto., ... odenj llou dloj n fimenoj ti m
kinsai tj gnmaj tn kountwn prj t bltista. ,
,
.
,
, ( graymenoj pomnmata ej steron maut diafulxai tj kenou dianoaj ka
parrhsaj. ) , ,
(toiata d' nta ok oda pwj ote
kntoj mo ote edtoj xpesen ej nqrpouj.)
,
(oc poa n p t steron ntugcnein tinj atoj
suggrfoi.)
(ll' mo ge o polj lgoj, e oc kanj fanomai suggrfein, 'EpikttJ te od' lgoj, e
katafronsei tij ato tn lgwn), , ,
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(, 19, 29) : Ka nn g mn paideutj
emi mteroj, mej d par' mo paideesqe. ... di t on ok nete t rgon, e ka mej cet' piboln oan de kg prj t pibol ka
paraskeun oan de; t t lepn stin; t mn lepei; ok sti didaktn t prgma; didaktn. ok stin on f' mn; mnon mn on tn llwn pntwn. di t on ok nete; epat moi tn atan. gr par' m gnetai par' mj par tn fsin to prgmatoj. at t prgma ndecmenon
ka mnon f' mn. loipn on par' m stin par' mj , per
lhqsteron, par' mfotrouj.30
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.31 18 : 31 , , Ludwig Edelstein,
,
78
otoi p' rcj pnta qeo qnhtoj' pdeixan, ll crnwi zhtontej
feurskousin meinon.32 ,
, ,
: j d' te tij prodon nown plssato lcnon.33
, ,
, ,
, : d ge `H. lege tn ohsin
prokopj gkopn.34 , ,
. ,
, , , ,
,
. . Ludwig Edelstein, The idea of Progress in Classical Antiquity,
Baltimore, Maryland, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967, . 146.
E. R. Dodds,
Edelstein, :
/ ,
, van
Groningen [B.A. van Groningen, In the Grip of the Past, 1953]
,
.
: ,
. . E. R. Dodds, The ancient
concept of progress, . , , . , 2000, .12. 32 . , , I 8, 2. Flor. 29, 41. 33 Fr. 84,28. B. .
, , 1983, . 13. 34 Fr. B 131. , ,
, , : Bwn
rwthqej t stin noia, epe 'prokopj mpdion'. , 3,4,87,1 3,4,87,3.
79
, ,
.
80
, , ,
Edelstein, .
, ,
,
, .35
,
,
.(5)36 H ,
(procedere, progredi, processus, progressus),
progress. , ,
, ,
.37
35 ,
() ()
,
, .
. : 2,240,4. 8,369,2
9,419,2 10,5,8. 3,18,8 3,21,5 5,71,2.
: 10,57,4 10,60,3. 1,89,5 1,176,8.
(1,4,8). 36 . .
, 82F7 83A1 (. Johannes Von Arnim,
Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, Lipsia, Teubner, I, Fr. 234). ,
,
, . ,
. . . , ,
, . , 1999. 37 . Ludwig Edelstein, The idea of Progress in Classical Antiquity, .., . 146.
E. R. Dodds, , ,
Walter Bagehot, ...
. , Edelstein,
81
, , ,
.38 .39
( ) .
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,
.40 , , : ,
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progressus progressio ,
, ,
.
. . E. R. Dodds, The ancient concept of
progress, .., .12. , ,
,
o . . Adolf Bonhffer, Die Ethik des Stoikers Epictet, Stuttgart,
Verlag Von Ferdinard Enke, 1894, . 147. 38 Brad Inwood, ,
, tabula rasa, , ,
. .
. Brad Inwood, Ethics and human action in early stoicism, United States,
Clarendon Press - Oxford, 1985, . 182. 39 Quare autem bonum in arbore animalique muto non est? quia nec ratio. Ob hoc in
infante quoque non est; nam et huic deest. Tunc ad bonum perveniet cum ad rationem
pervenerit. Est aliquod inrationale animal, est aliquod nondum rationale, est rationale
sed inperfectum: in nullo horum bonum, ratio illud secum adfert. . Seneca,
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, 124.8.8 124.9.3. 40 Brad Inwood, ,
, .
82
, ,
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. (. ,
7.86.6 7.86.11.) 41 A. A. Long ,
, ,
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. ()
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, . . Brad Inwood,
Ethics and human action in early stoicism, .., . 182 217. 41 . A. A. Long, H , .., . 276. ,
, . . Long
, ,
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. (.. . 295 296).
83
.
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3,20).42
, Long, ,
De Finibus.43
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42 . A. A. Long, H , .., . 276 277. 43 . Cicero, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum 3. 20 21.
84
,
.44
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Victor Goldschmidt,45 , , ,
...
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44 . . Long, H , .., . 296 297. Ludwig Edelstein
: ...
, .
.
. ...
, . .
Ludwig Edelstein, The meaning of Stoicism, United States, Harvard University Press,
1966, . 68.
45 . Victor Goldschmidt, Le systme stoicien et l ide de temps, Paris, J. Vrin,
1953, . 211 213.
85
,
.
.
, , ,
,
.46
, Goldschmidt,
. ,
: ... Odn, fh, tn meglwn fnw gnetai, pou ge od' btruj od skon. n moi nn lgVj ti 'qlw skon', pokrinoma soi ti 'crnou de'. fej nqsV prton, eta problV tn karpn, eta pepanq. eta sukj mn karpj fnw ka mi rv o teleiotai, gnmhj d' nqrpou karpn qleij otwj di' lgou ka eklwj
ktsasqai; mhd' n g soi lgw, prosdka.47
,
Goldschmidt, ,
.48
46 , Edelstein:
,
, . ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
. . Ludwig Edelstein, The meaning of
Stoicism, .., . 96. 47 . , 1.15.7-8. 48 . Victor Goldschmidt, Le systme stoicien et l ide de temps, .., . 212.
86
,
. ,49 ,
50 .
, ,
.
: /.51
,
,
, , .52
, Dobbin,53
.54 49 . , , 7.91.1 - 10. 50 . , P , 1067E8
1068B4. 51 . Robert F. Dobbin, Epictetus, Discourses Book 1, .., . 88. 52 :
, 75c3 - 76b6. P
, 1062f4 1063b8. Long
Sedley ,
, . . A.A. Long D.N.
Sedley (eds.) The Hellenistic Philosophers, 2 , Cambridge, 1987, . 386. 53 . Robert Dobbin, Epictetus, Discourses Book 1, .. . 89. 54 Olof Gigon, ,
, ,
. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
.
87
.55 ,
,
tertium quid.56
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1959, . 284 55 Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, 42.1. , 7. 432 433. 1888
:
.
,
. , , , ,
,
[ , VII, 91]. ,
, [ ,
VII, 127]. . ,
88
, . , 1888,
. 225. 56 , Brad Inwood, o
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. . Brad
Inwood, , , .
, , . , 1997, . 111 113.
89
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.57
,
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:
. ,
(, 180 ..). ,
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,
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.
. ,
57 . , , , . , 2001,
. 88. ,
, Ioannes von Arnim, :
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1903. . SVF I. 220, III. 549, III.551, III.556, III.561, III.574, III.616,
III.628, III.631.
90
,
.58
,
.
. ,
.
.59
58 .
, , .., . 89 90. 59 . , , .., . 96. Adolf
Bonhffer, , , :
, , ,
, . , , . , ,
,
, , cum
grano salis. , ,
. ,
.
, ,
. , , :
,
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, . Adolf Bonhffer, Die Ethik des Stoikers Epictet,
.., . 144.
91
60
. , ,
.
,61
.62
60 , , ,
. . Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, 75. 8. 61 : ,
, .
,
, , ,
, .
,
. ,
,
.
, , . .
, : .
, . , , 1991, . 225. 62 Dobbin : ,
. . Robert Dobbin, .., . 89.
Fritz Wehrli: Das abstrakte
Weisenideal schenkte dem Einzelnen wohl einen sittlichen Glauben, aber kaum
greifbare Hilfe fr die Bewltigung seines alltglichen Daseins. B. Fritz Wehrli,
Hauptrichtungen des Griechischen Denkens, Artemis Verlag Zrich und Stuttgart,
1964, . 174.O Gabriel Germain, , ,
, , ,
,
92
2. , ,
,
,63 ,
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.
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. ,
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, . . Gabriel
Germain, pictte et la spiritualit stocienne, Paris, Editions du seuil, 1964, . 33. 63 'Iditou stsij ka caraktr: odpote x auto prosdok fleian blbhn, ll' p tn xw. filosfou stsij ka caraktr: psan fleian
ka blbhn x auto prosdok. shmea prokptontoj: odna ygei, odna
paine, odna mmfetai, oden gkale, odn per auto lgei j ntoj tinj edtoj ti. tan mpodisq ti kwluq, aut gkale. kn tij atn
pain, katagel to painontoj atj par' aut: kn ygV, ok
pologetai. pereisi d kaqper o rrwstoi, elabomenj ti kinsai tn kaqistamnwn, prn pxin laben. rexin pasan rken x auto: tn d'
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lkJ ntidknein ka llouj pleonaj lqouj bllein nqrpJ d' n
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170 , 2,5,3,1 2,5,9,3. 171 , 3,11,1,1 3,11,3,2. 172 . , .., 67,12 67,38. 173 , 4,12,7,1 4,12,10,3.
134
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181 , 2,10,7,1 - 2,10,13,1. 182 . , 3,12,5,1 3,12,6,5. 183 , 3,12,8,1 3,12,11,1. . , 1,4,1,1 1,4,3,1.
, 3,22,13,1 3,22,14,4.
: 4,4,17,1 4,4,18,7 4,4,33,1 4,4,34,2. 184 . , 1,18,21,1 1,18,23,4. 185 , 3,6,5,1 3,6,7,3. 186 , 4,1,99,1 4,1,101,4. , , .
, 4,12,15,1 4,12,17,6. . ,
.., 4,12,10,3 4,12,14,1. 187 , 1,22,17,1 1,22,21,3. 188 , 4,6,7,2
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137
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189 ., ,
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138
5.
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: e d' p tn n toj bibloij xin ttatai ka tathn
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139
,
.197
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B. Kerferd :
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140
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199 . G. B. Kerferd, What does the wise man know?, The Stoics (edited by
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,
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141
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201 , 4,1,51,1 4,1,52,3. ,
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142
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1,12,20,1.
,
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144
, , ,208
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: 'All' g, fh, otwj qlwj cw per t paidria, ste prhn nosontj mou to qugatrou
ka dxantoj kinduneein oc pmeina od parenai at nosonti, fugn d' cmhn, mcrij o prosggeil tij moi ti cei kalj. T on; rqj
fanei saut tata pepoihknai; Fusikj, fh. 'All mn tot me
peson, fh, s, diti fusikj, ka g se pesw, ti pn t kat fsin
ginmenon rqj gnetai. ... dexon on moi s, pj kat fsin stn. O
dnamai, fh ll s moi mllon dexon, pj ok sti kat fsin od'
rqj gnetai.209
, ,
: ,
208 Troels Engberg-Pedersen ,
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(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(1) (2). . Troels Engberg-Pedersen, Discovering the good: oikeiosis and
kathekonta in Stoic ethics, .., . 147. 209 , 1,11,4,1 1,11,9,1.
145
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Brad Inwood,
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210 , 1,11,9,1 1,11,11,1. 211 , 1,11,11,1 1,11,12,1. 212 , 1,11,12,1 1,11,15,5. 213 , 1,26,1 1,26,4,1.
146
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Annas, The morality of happiness, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993, .
159.
147
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,217
.
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215 . Brad Inwood, Ethics and human action in early stoicism, .., . 111. 216 , 1,4,28,1 1,4,32,1. 217 ., , Troels Engberg-Pedersen,
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Engberg-Pedersen, Discovering the good: oikeiosis and kathekonta in Stoic ethics,
.., . 145. 218 , 1,9,8,1 1,9,9,6.
148
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149
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151
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,
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239 , 1,6,19,1 1,6,22,1. 240 , 2,8,10,1 2,8,14,6.
154
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241 . Brad Inwood, Ethics and human action in early stoicism, .., . 18 19.
155
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242 .243
242
: pocwr, pou m' odej kwlsei oken kenh gr
okhsij pant noiktai. ka t teleutaon citwnrion, tot' sti t swmtion,
totou nwtrw oden odn ej m xestin. di toto Dhmtrioj epen t Nrwni 'peilej moi qnaton, so d' fsi'. n d t swmtion qaumsw, dolon mautn paraddwka n t kthsedion, dolon. eqj gr [m]atj
kat' mauto dhl, tni lwtj emi. j fij n susp tn kefaln, lgw
'keno ato tpte fulssei'. ka s ggnwske, ti n fulssein qlVj,
kat' keno pibseta soi krioj. totwn memnhmnoj tna ti kolakeseij
fobsV; , 1,25,20,2 1,25,25,2.
156
, , ,244
.245 246
.247
.248
, , , ,
,249 ,
250 , .251
: Kakj desmj smatoj mn tch, yucj d kaka. mn gr t sma lelumnoj, tn d yucn dedemnoj doloj d' a t sma dedemnoj, tn d yucn lelumnoj leqeroj. Tn mn to smatoj desmn lei ka fsij di qantou ka kaka di crhmtwn, tn d tj yucj ret di maqsewj ka mpeiraj ka sksewj. . Gnomologium Epicteteum,
3-4, 32,1 33,3. 243 . , , 23,2 23,19. 244 . , 4,1,77,4 4,1,80,1. 245 , 3,10,15,3, -3,10,18,1. J. M. Rist,
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.
, , ,
- -
. . John M. Rist, Epictetus: Ex-Slave, ..,
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, , . . , 1,2,1 1,2,4,4. 247 , 4,11,25,1 4,11,29,1. 248 . , Gnomologium Epicteteum, (3-4) 11,1 11,5. 249 . . ,
3,9,9,3 3,9,11,7. . , 3,10,10,1
3,10,13,4. 250 . Inwood, Ethics and human action in early stoicism, ,
157
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.252
.253
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.254 ,
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.256 ,
Human Nature and the Rational Soul, .., . 18 - 41.
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. . , 3,5,1 3,5,4,4. 253 , 3,6,1,1 3,6,4,4.
254 . 1,1 1,24. , ,
, . . , 4,11,1,1
4,11,2,1. . , 2,20,6,1 2,20,9,20
2,20,12,1 2,20,14,5. : 1,23,1 1,23,6,1. 255 , 3,24,9,1 3,24,12,6. . , 3,13,4,1 3,13,7,1. 256 , 1,13,3,2 1,13,5,5.
158
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.258
1.
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: sper on t fj aut te deknusi ka pnta t n at, otw ka fantasa, rchgj osa tj per t zon edsewj, fwtj dkhn autn
te mfanzein felei ka to poisantoj atn nargoj ndeiktik
kaqestnai. ll' pe o t kat' lqeian e pote ndeknutai, pollkij d diayedetai ka diafwne toj napmyasin atn prgmasin j o mocqhro
257 , 1,19,11,2 1,19,15,4. . , 2,10,20,1
2,10,23,4. , . Arthur Bodson, La morale sociale des
derniers stociens, Snque, pictte et Marc Aurle, Paris, Socit d Edition Les
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, 3,2,3,2 3,2,4,4.
159
tn gglwn, kat' ngkhn koloqhse t m psan fantasan dnasqai
kritrion polepein lhqeaj, ll mnhn, e ka ra, tn lhq.259
, ,
: On stin leknh to datoj, toioton yuc, oon ag prospptousa t dati, toioton a fantasai. tan on t
dwr kinhq, doke mn ka ag kinesqai, o mntoi kinetai. ka tan
259 , , 7,163,1 7,164,2. Jean Baptiste Gourinat
, , ,
. , ,
.
:
[]
(Mditations, III, AT IX.29). Gourinat
Brhier, [. ],
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(. mile Brhier, Chrysippe, . 82). ,
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Baptiste Gourinat, , .., . 51 53.
160
tonun skotwq tij, oc a tcnai ka a reta sugcontai, ll t pnema,
f' o esin katastntoj d kaqstatai kkena.260
,
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,
.262 , ,
.263 ,
,
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260 , 3,3,20,1 3,3,22,4. . : Consolatio Philosophiae,
5,5,1,4. 261 , 1,20,5,1 1,20,8,1. , ,
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2,22,30,3.
161
.265 ,
, .266
, ,
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.267
, , :
;, lge 't on sti qej ka t fantasa; ka t sti fsij p
mrouj ka t sti fsij tn lwn;' dh makrn.268
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.269
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265 , 4,5,22,1 4,5,24,7. ,
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2,23,42,1 2,23,42,9. 266 , 2,19,31,3 2,19,34,3. . , 1,1,7,1 1,1,9,3. 267 , 1,20,13,1 1,20,16,1. ,
1,30,2,1 1,30,6,1. 268 , 1,20,16,1 1,20,17,1. 269 , 1,27,1 1,27,2,2. 270 , 3,20,1,1 3,20,4,3.
162
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271 ,
status , Brad Inwood ,
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163
272 .273
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, 272 . : , 7,151,1 7,153,1.
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VII 46,1 46,6. O Sandbach,
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164
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, ,
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165
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,284
.285
, ,
: ka qoj komyn odn, ote prosoc ot' pistrof f' atn ka paratrhsij 'pj crmai taj prospiptosaij fantasaij; kat fsin
par fsin; pj pokrnwmai prj atj; j de j o de; pilgw toj
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,
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282 , 3,24,67,1 3,24,70,3. . , 1,12,32,1 -
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. . , 4,10,25,1 4,10,28,2.
286 , 3,16,15,1 3,16,16,3. .
, 3,21,23,3 3,21,24,3. 287 , 4,7,31,2