A

B

A

B

A

B (Corpus Tufs 2005)

Jai achet un livre, et je lui ai envoy . (Corpaix)

1sg-sbj past- art-ind , and 1sg-sbj 3sg-dtf past-

envoyer le livre

1

1

A 1

B

1

2

1

2

A

B 1

1978

1978 p.59

A

B

1978 p.59

Yumura-Takei & Fujiwara (2007)

(2009)

2

Blinkenberg (1964)

Berendonner

(1995) Lemar chal (1991) Lambrecht, K. et K. Lemoine (1996) Noailly (1998)

2

Bernard (1972) Larjavaara (1998)

Blanche-Benveniste (2000) Willems (1977)

2

2

Lemar chal (1991) Creissels (2006)

2

A

B

Cherche mon briquet. Allume !

Imp. Imp.

Attrape !

Imp.

p cher des poissons ( )

Jai p ch toute ma vie.

1sg.sbj. past

Lemar chal Creissels

3

ali

Ko di-li jue

-past

Ko di-li

-past

Ko di-li ali

-Past

4

Lemar chal

BTS5

Corpaix 500

3

4

5

1978

F05

F06

F06 F05

F05

F06

F05

F05

F06

(Corpus TUFS 2005)

Blanche-Benven-

iste et al. (1984)

Est-ce que tu aimes ce gar on Oui, je laime.

Interro 2sg-sbj 1sg-sbj 3sg-m-acc

Est-ce que tu aimes Rodin Non, je naime pas .

Interro 2sg-sbj 1sg-sbj neg

ce gar on Hopper & Thomp-

son (1980)

individuality

le

Harris (1970) appropriate word6

allumer

6

Tu peux allumer

2sg-sbj

Cherche mon briquet. Allume !

Imp Imp !

Lordinateur, tu lallumes, (le pointeur programme se mettre )

Art-def , 2sg-sbj 3sg-m-acc

la lumi re

l ordinateur le chauffage

l ordinateur

A T l phone dabord, moi je te commande un caf .

Imp 1sg sjt 2sg datif art ind

B Jamais, je ne boirai, moi, je veux dormir.

1sg-sbj neg futur, 1sg-sbj

A Je commande quand m me.

1sg-sbj

A mais Laaba, je lui ai crit sa pr face.

1sg-sbj 3sg-dtf past

B ouais, ouais. Je sais j ai lu.

1sg-sbj 1sg-sbj past

1978

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

F19 F20 F20

F19

F20 ,,

F19

F20

F20 =

F19 =

F20

F19

F19

F20

F19

F201

F19

(Corpus Tufs 2005)

In a form Ai Xap Bi, the Xap [X Appropriate word] means not its full dictionary meaning but that

which primarily carries out the X-relation (e.g. verbe-relation) of Ai to Bi (in the present discourse).

Several words of category X may equally satisfy Ai Xap Bi ; they are then locally synonymous in re-

spect to Ai Bi.

Harris, Z.S. (1950) p.559

30

1

F07

F08

F08

F07

F08

F07

F07F07

F08

F0730 2100

F08

F07 ### [ ]

F08

F07

F07 ,,

F08

F07 1

F08

F0730

F07 ,,

F08

F07 30

F08

F07 <

F08

F07

F07

F08 1 [ ]

F07

F08

F08 ###

F07

F08 1

F07 2 2

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

7

7

Le voyage, a co te ! (Corpaix)

Art-def-sg-m , pro-deic

Il pourra tapporter bien plus que moi. (Corpaix)

3 sg-m-sbj 2sg-dtf

Je ne juge pas, je condamne. (Frantext)

1sg-sbj neg neg 1sg-sbj

La religion une chose qui rassure et qui rassemble.

Art-def-sg-f art-ind-sg-f relative-sbj and relative-sbj

(Le Monde)

(Corpaix)

Il a marqu d s la premi re minute.

3sg-sbj past art-def-sg-f

(Corpaix)

Vous versez quand vous voulez.

2pl-sbj when 2pl-sbj

Larjavaara (2000)

Noailly (1998) Lambrecht, K. & K.Lemoine (1996)

Anti-passive 8

8

Mon p re construit. (Lambrecht, K. (1996))

Ma m re recevait tr s bien.

Elle est illettr e. Elle ne sait pas lire ni crire. (Corpaix)

3sg-sbj be 3sg-sbj neg neg

( )

Tu lui ouvre les toilettes. Elle consomme !

2sg-sbj 3sg-dtf art-def-pl 3sg-sbj-f

Benveniste, E. (1948)

(Nom dagent)

consommatrice ( )

Elle consomme. Elle est consommatrice.

3sg-f-sbj 3sg-f-sbj be

2

Antipassive

9

Antipassive

10

9

10

1, 2, 3 : sg : pl : m : f :

Art : def : ind : sub : acc : dtf :

past : futur : interro : imp : relative neg :

be :

1981

(1996)

(1978)

1990 18, 15-34

1986 15, 99-105

(2009)

(2009)

, (2010)

(1960)

AKIHIRO H. (2004) Contribution l tude de la valence verbale en fran ais contemporain, la

non-r alisation du compl ment d objet direct, Th se de doctorat soutenu lEcole Pratique des

Hautes Etudes, Paris.

BLANCHE-BENVENISTE, C. et al. (1984) Pronom et syntaxe, l approche pronominale et son ap-

plication au fran ais, Paris SELAF

BLINKENBERG, A. (1960) Le probl me de la transitivit en fran ais moderne, Essai syntactico-

s mantique, Copenhague, Munksgaard.

CREISSELS, D. (2006) Syntaxe g n rale, une introduction typologique 2, la phrase, Paris, Lavois-

ier.

DIXON, R.M.W. et Y. ALINKENVALD (ed) (2000) Changing Valeny, case studies in transitivity,

Cambridge, CUP.

FILMORE, C. (1976) The need for frame semantics within semantics, Statistical methods in lin-

guistics, 5-29.

HARRIS, Z.S. (1970) Transformational theory, Papers in structural and transformational linguis-

tics, vol.1, 533-577.

HOPPER, P. et S. Thompson (1980) Transitivity in grammar and discourse, Language vol.56, n 2,

62-118.

LAMBRECHT, K & K. LEMOINE (1996) Vers une grammaire des compl ments z ro en fran ais

parl , Travaux de Linguistique du CERLICO 9, 279-309

LARJAVAARA, M. (2000) Pr sence ou absence de l objet : limites du possible en fran ais con-

temporain, Th se, Lettres : Helsinki, Academia Scientiarum Fennicae, Humaniora.

LEMARECHAL, A. (1991) Transitivit et th orie linguistiques : mod les transitifs contre mod les

intransitifs LINX 24, Sur la transitivit dans les langues, 64-94.

LEMARECHAL, A. (1997) Z ro(s), Paris, PUF.

NOAILLY, M. (1998) Les traces de l actant objet dans l emploi absolu, Tranvaux de linguisituque

35, 39-47.

SCHOESLER L. (2000) Le statut de la forme z ro du compl ment dobjet direct en fran ais mod-

erne, Etudes Romanes 47, 105-127

YAMURA-TAKEI, M. & M. FUJIWARA (2007) Japanese native speakers intuition of Zero use, in

account by Centering Theory, (ed) M. Minami, Applying theory and research to learning Japa-

nese as a foreign language, New Castle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholar Publishing, 213-229.

WILLEMS, D. (1977) Recherches en syntaxe verbale : quelques remarques sur la construction ab-

solue, Travaux de linguistique 5, 113-125

The purpose of this paper is to identify the differences and similarities between Japanese and

French ellipse of objects and to propose some ideas to help French learners of Japanese as a foreign

language.

We classify two kinds of ellipse: one is anaphoric type and the other is inde nite and generic

type (we call non-anaphoric type). Based on a study of spoken corpora, we observe the distribution

of these types is very different in two languages: in Japanese, about 75 % of the examples of ellipse

are anaphoric, while the result is completely opposite in French.

We think that the strong preference for non-anaphoric zero of French language explains why

French students make mistakes, omitting too often inde nite and generic objects. They have also the

tendency to use too much object pronouns where they should not.

The anaphoric ellipse in Japanese is motivated by discursive factors. When the reference of

the object is easily identi ed by anaphoric relation and that the object is not focused, it can be easily

omitted. By contrast, the anaphoric ellipse in French is subjected to syntactic and lexical restrictions

rather than discursive ones. The pronouns are necessary in this language and their omission is limited

normally to non-individuate objects.

The non-anaphoric ellipse in French is very often used to describe the habits and the charac-

ters of subjects. On this point, it can be compared to the antipassive in ergative languages. On the

other hand, this type of use is not observed so much in Japanese, without particular contexts (focus on

verbs, appropriate words in term of Harris, informal style of speech, etc.)

We have to pay attention especially to these points when we teach,

1. Lexical selection of objects in each situation

2. The constructions where the verb is more focused than the object (list of verbs, contrast of

verbs, etc.)