AARHUS UNIVERSITET TITEL PÅ PRÆSENTATION NAVN NAVNESEN 2. MAJ 2011 VERSITETUNI Dynamics of biocide emissions from buildings in a suburban stormwater catchment

AARHUSUNIVERSITET

TITEL PÅ PRÆSENTATIONNAVN NAVNESEN

2. MAJ 2011 VERSITETUNI

Dynamics of biocide emissions from buildings in a suburban stormwater catchment Ulla E. Bollmann1, Jes Vollertsen2, Kai Bester1

30. Jan. 2014

1 Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark2 Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

[email protected]

www.waterpurification.au.dk

AARHUSUNIVERSITET


2. MAJ 2011DYNAMICS OF BIOCIDE EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS IN A SUBURBAN STORMWATER

CATCHMENT U. E. Bollmann, J. Vollertsen, K. Bester

Jan. 20142

Introduction

› State-of-the-art in material protection› Preservatives for polymer based coatings:

façade render and paint› Wood protection, Roof protection (flat roofs)

› Content in exterior renders and paints› 2-4 different biocides, 0.1-1 g kg-1 each› Total: 0.2% in render, 0.2-0.4% in exterior paints

› Different compounds with biocidal effects› Isothiazolinones, carbamates, phenylureas, triazines,

triazoles used as algaecides, fungicides and bactericides

› Hydrophilic molecules with toxic effects

Burkhardt et al., WS&T 2007, 56, (12), 63-67Schoknecht et al., ES&T 2009, 43, (24), 9321-9328

Burkhardt et al., WS&T 2011, 63, (9), 1974-1982

Biocidesin building material

Principal construction of external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS)

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Introduction

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biocidesBiocidesin building material

Effectson aquatic organisms

Which compounds? Concentrations?

Dynamics? First flush emissions?


Dynamics? First flush emissions??

Biocidesin building material

› Laboratory experiments:› Constantly soaked test material and dipping experiments (wet

and dry cycles)› Leaching dependent on: Substance & render properties,

Immersion

› Field study:› Concentrations in small Swiss catchment: 0.01-1 µg L-1

(Terbutryn, Carbendazim, Mecoprop)Burkhardt et al. 2007, 2009 & 2012, Schoknecht et al. 2003 & 2009, Wangler et al. 2012, Wittmer et al. 2010

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Jan. 2014

Catchment

› Silkeborg (Denmark)› 21.5 ha, 7 ha connected to sewer, separated sewer system› Suburban, residential, 140 well-kept single family houses› 5 % equipped with renders/paints, 20 % (painted) wood, 75 %

brick-facades

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Jan. 2014

Sampling / Analysis

› Flow proportional high resolution sampling with automatic water sampler› October 2011-June 2012

› Solid phase extraction

› High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)

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Jan. 2014

› 191 samples, 11 biocides

Concentrations

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AA-EQS for fresh water

DIRECTIVE 2013/39/EU

Terbutryn: 65 ng L-1

Cybutryn: 2.5 ng L-1

Diuron: 200 ng L-1Isoproturon: 300 ng L-1

IT: Isothiazolinone Bollmann et al., 2014, submitted

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Mass loads

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IT: IsothiazolinoneBollmann et al., 2014, submitted

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Jan. 2014

Biocides in buildings

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Dynamics? First flush emissions?


Dynamics? First flush emissions??

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Jan. 20149

Emission dynamics

› How are the biocides emitted within the storm event?

› Particle mobilisation in road run-off with first flush

Time

Load

WaterParticles,Heavy metals

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Jan. 201410

Emission dynamics

› Common event

TB: Terbutryn , CD: Carbendazim, IP: Isoproturon, TBU: Tebuconazole, MCPP: Mecoprop

Bollmann et al., 2014, submitted

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Jan. 2014

› First flush: occurs irregularly

Emission dynamics

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First flush

TB: Terbutryn , CD: Carbendazim, IP: Isoproturon, TBU: Tebuconazole, MCPP: Mecoprop

Bollmann et al., 2014, submitted

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Jan. 2014

Emission dynamics

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First flush for selected biocides

Fast mobilization of biocidesfrom the façade surface

Unnecessary loss of substanceFine tune application?

No first flush for biocides

Constant emissions Partitioning from the facade

No selected stormwatertreatment possible

Common event Special event

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Jan. 2014

Emission dynamics

› What is influencing the leaching?

› Correlation of the concentration or acc. mass load per event with:

› Rain amount / accumulated flow› Length of the event› Rain intensity› Length of the dry period prior to the event

› Wind driven rain intensity

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Jan. 2014

Emission dynamics

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Wind Driven Rain (WDR)

WD

R

WIND RAIN

𝐼𝑊𝐷𝑅=29𝐶𝑅𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑊 𝐼𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑈 cosθ

Blocken & Carmeliet , J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2004, 92, 1079Burkhardt et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 5497

𝐼𝑊𝐷𝑅=𝐶𝐶 𝐼𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑈with CC = catchment specific factor

𝑀𝑊𝐷𝑅=𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑆 𝐼𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑈Mass flow M during respective event

with CS = substance specific constant

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Emission dynamics

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CD: Carbendazim, TB: Terbutryn, PPZ: Propiconazole, TBU: TebuconazoleBollmann et al., 2014, submitted

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Biocides in buildings

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Conclusions

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Jan. 2014

Conclusions

› Monitoring› Biocides also important pollutants in Danish urban areas› Different footprint than in other European countries

Hard to set-up a sound monitoring strategy

› Emission dynamics› Usually rather constant throughout an event› Irregular first flush phenomena› Indication for correlation between occurrence in

storm water and wind driven rain

› Treatment› Need to take the dynamics of the biocide

emission into account

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Jan. 2014

Acknowledgement

› Scientific cooperation:› Jan Carmeliet and Timothy Wangler (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)› Michael Burkhardt (HSR, Rapperswil, Switzerland)

› Diverse companies in the sector for the willingness to share materials and knowledge

› Financial support:› Danish EPA through the project Methods for the improvement of

scenarios concerning the emission of biocides from buildings (667-00065 & 667-00066)

› AUFF grant: Advanced water purification using bio-inorganic nano catalysts and soil filters (www.waterpurification.au.dk)

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Thank you for your attention!

AARHUSUNIVERSITET


2. MAJ 2011 VERSITETUNI

Dynamics of biocide emissions from buildings in a suburban stormwater catchment Ulla E. Bollmann1, Jes Vollertsen2, Kai Bester1

30. Jan. 2014

1 Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark2 Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

[email protected]

www.waterpurification.au.dk

Documents

AARHUS UNIVERSITET TITEL PÅ PRÆSENTATION NAVN NAVNESEN 2. MAJ 2011 VERSITETUNI Dynamics of biocide emissions from buildings in a suburban stormwater catchment