Absolute RulersAbsolute Rulers

Ms. PhillipsMs. Phillips

Global HistoryGlobal History

January 17, 2006January 17, 2006

Standards etc. Standards etc.

2,3,4,52,3,4,5

Objective: Swbat identify and Objective: Swbat identify and describe absolute rulers who describe absolute rulers who perfected absolutism. perfected absolutism.

Motivation: What did it take to Motivation: What did it take to perfect absolutism?perfect absolutism?

Aim and Do NowAim and Do Now

Aim: Can you ever have too much Aim: Can you ever have too much power?power?

Do Now: Describe 2 absolute Do Now: Describe 2 absolute rulers from your study of global rulers from your study of global history, which one was a stronger history, which one was a stronger ruler?ruler?

Homework…Homework…

Which effect of the Age of Which effect of the Age of Exploration had the largest effect Exploration had the largest effect on the world? Which was the most on the world? Which was the most significant in your opinion?significant in your opinion?

Opening QuestionOpening Question

What does the term absolute What does the term absolute mean?mean?

AbsolutismAbsolutism

When a monarch claims authority When a monarch claims authority to rule a country without limits to rule a country without limits placed on their power. placed on their power.

The Age of AbsolutismThe Age of Absolutism

1500-1800’s: the key years were 1500-1800’s: the key years were the 1600’s in specific. the 1600’s in specific.

Goal of AbsolutismGoal of Absolutism

Kings of Queens desired to hold Kings of Queens desired to hold all of the power within their states all of the power within their states while seeking to control every while seeking to control every aspect of society. aspect of society.

Discussion IssueDiscussion Issue

How could a monarch justify this How could a monarch justify this style of authority without being style of authority without being questioned by the people?questioned by the people?

DIVINE RIGHTDIVINE RIGHT

The idea that The idea that God created the God created the monarchy and monarchy and that the monarch that the monarch acted as God’s acted as God’s representative on representative on earthearth

But…But…

What events put peoples’ trust What events put peoples’ trust and faith back into the king rather and faith back into the king rather then the church?then the church?

Causes of AbsolutismCauses of Absolutism

The CrusadesThe Crusades The Bubonic PlagueThe Bubonic Plague Feudalism fadesFeudalism fades Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation Catholic Counter-reformationCatholic Counter-reformation

Kings Seize the Kings Seize the MomentMoment Kings take sovereign control: The Kings take sovereign control: The

one with complete control. one with complete control.

Slow ProgressionSlow Progression

Kings begin taking power over the Kings begin taking power over the military, the church, and then military, the church, and then society. society.

Obtaining Absolute Obtaining Absolute Power Power Kings wanted to free themselves Kings wanted to free themselves

from the influence and from the influence and regulations previously set by the regulations previously set by the nobles and legislative branches nobles and legislative branches like parliament. like parliament.

Louis XIVLouis XIV

THE SUN KING: THE SUN KING: all power all power radiates from radiates from him. him.

Absolute ruler of Absolute ruler of FranceFrance

Louis XIV: The Sun Louis XIV: The Sun KingKing Strategy: Keep your friends close Strategy: Keep your friends close

and your enemies closerand your enemies closer

VersaillesVersailles

Louis XIV builds the palace of Louis XIV builds the palace of Versailles 13 miles outside of Versailles 13 miles outside of Paris. Paris.

Louis XIVLouis XIV

Louis loved to live in luxury: He Louis loved to live in luxury: He surrounded himself with riches, surrounded himself with riches, gold, and feasts. gold, and feasts.

Louis XIVLouis XIV

Louis also build Versailles to keep an Louis also build Versailles to keep an eye on the city of Paris at all times. eye on the city of Paris at all times.

StrategiesStrategies

Louis XIV: built Versailles large Louis XIV: built Versailles large enough to make his nobles live on enough to make his nobles live on the grounds with him. the grounds with him.

Discussion IssueDiscussion Issue

Why would Louis XIV require his Why would Louis XIV require his nobles to live at his palace?nobles to live at his palace?

Louis XIV and controlLouis XIV and control

Louis XIV would assign jobs to his Louis XIV would assign jobs to his nobles from morning until night to nobles from morning until night to keep an eye on them. keep an eye on them.

DetailsDetails

Nobles were to Nobles were to wait in the halls wait in the halls of Versailles so of Versailles so that when Louis that when Louis awoke they could awoke they could help dress him, help dress him, hold his sleeves, hold his sleeves, and put his and put his slippers on. slippers on.

EvaluateEvaluate

What could be the positives and What could be the positives and negatives of living under an negatives of living under an absolute ruler?absolute ruler?

Louis XIV: ExpansionLouis XIV: Expansion

Louis XIV desires to Louis XIV desires to expand the territory expand the territory and consistently finds and consistently finds himself in war.himself in war.

France became the France became the largest military power largest military power in Europe. in Europe.

Oh-NoOh-No

War costs money and Louis War costs money and Louis continued waging wars because continued waging wars because France was winning. France was winning.

FranceFrance

Poor harvests led to hunger within Poor harvests led to hunger within the overtaxed peasantry of France. the overtaxed peasantry of France.

Louis dies in 1715 in bed. Louis dies in 1715 in bed.

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion

Absolutism spreads throughout Absolutism spreads throughout Europe and reaches Russia with a Europe and reaches Russia with a leader named Ivan. leader named Ivan.

IvanIvan

Received the throne at age 3. Received the throne at age 3. Russian Boyars (nobles) fought Russian Boyars (nobles) fought

for control in Ivan’s name. for control in Ivan’s name.

Ivan cont’dIvan cont’d

At 16 he assumed rule angry with At 16 he assumed rule angry with the Boyars. In order to control the the Boyars. In order to control the nobles he declared himself the nobles he declared himself the absolute ruler of Russia. absolute ruler of Russia.

Absolute ruler = TsarAbsolute ruler = Tsar

Ivan becomes the Tsar of Russia Ivan becomes the Tsar of Russia and works to improve the quality and works to improve the quality of life in Russia. of life in Russia.

But…But…

1560 marks Ivan’s transition into 1560 marks Ivan’s transition into the Ivan the Terrible. the Ivan the Terrible.

What happen?What happen?

Ivan’s wife died Ivan’s wife died and he thought and he thought the Boyars the Boyars poisoned her in poisoned her in an effort to gain an effort to gain revenge for his revenge for his absolute rule. absolute rule.

Secret PoliceSecret Police

Ivan used the secret police to Ivan used the secret police to hunt down and kill potential hunt down and kill potential traitors mainly the Boyars he traitors mainly the Boyars he suspected. suspected.

In 1581…In 1581…

Ivan went down for the count Ivan went down for the count when he killed his eldest son in a when he killed his eldest son in a violent argument. violent argument.

3 Years Later…3 Years Later…

Ivan died 3 years later leaving his Ivan died 3 years later leaving his weak second son to rule. weak second son to rule.

Times of TroublesTimes of Troubles

Many imposters claimed they Many imposters claimed they were Ivan’s long lost first son.were Ivan’s long lost first son.

BoyarsBoyars

The nobility has to do something The nobility has to do something so they choose Michael Romanov so they choose Michael Romanov to end the Times of Troublesto end the Times of Troubles

The Romanov FamilyThe Romanov Family

The Romanovs’ rule for 300 years The Romanovs’ rule for 300 years until the last son Nicholas is until the last son Nicholas is forced from power in 1917. forced from power in 1917.

Most Famous Most Famous Romanov?Romanov? Perhaps it was Peter, who would Perhaps it was Peter, who would

come to be known as Peter the come to be known as Peter the Great. Great.

Hey wait a minuteHey wait a minute

Peter notices that Russia was largely Peter notices that Russia was largely disconnected from the western disconnected from the western world. world.

Why?Why?

Western WorldWestern World

Peter the GreatPeter the Great

Established a Established a warm water sea warm water sea portport to build Russia’s ability to to build Russia’s ability to trade in St. Petersburgtrade in St. Petersburg

WesternizationWesternization

Peter the Great wanted to reform Peter the Great wanted to reform Russia by westernizing it. Russia by westernizing it.

GOAL: GOAL: WESTERNIZATIONWESTERNIZATION The adoption of Western ways, The adoption of Western ways,

culture, industry, technology, culture, industry, technology, economics, lifestyle, food, and economics, lifestyle, food, and society.society.

How?How?

Peter travels to Peter travels to Germany and Germany and other Western other Western European European territories to territories to learn about their learn about their way of life. way of life.

Peter Takes ControlPeter Takes Control

Peter made the Boyars cut their Peter made the Boyars cut their hair, shave their beards, and wear hair, shave their beards, and wear uniforms. uniforms.

Peter as Absolute Peter as Absolute RulerRuler In order to enforce In order to enforce

westernization, Peter had to westernization, Peter had to assume absolute rule. assume absolute rule.

Reforms continuedReforms continued

Raised women’s Raised women’s status allowing status allowing them to attend them to attend social gatherings. social gatherings.

Reforms continuedReforms continued

Peter advanced education by Peter advanced education by opening a school of navigation opening a school of navigation and introducing schools for arts and introducing schools for arts and sciences. and sciences.

Reform continuedReform continued Peter developed St. Petersburg Peter developed St. Petersburg

and made Boyars move there. and made Boyars move there.

Cultural Diffusion?Cultural Diffusion?

What about England?What about England?

Magna Carta: 1215Magna Carta: 1215

An English document that limited An English document that limited the power of the king by the power of the king by establishing a legislative branch establishing a legislative branch called parliament. called parliament.

Magna Carta TextMagna Carta Text

IT IS ACCORDINGLY OUR WISH IT IS ACCORDINGLY OUR WISH AND COMMAND that the English AND COMMAND that the English Church shall be free, and that Church shall be free, and that men in our kingdom shall have men in our kingdom shall have and keep all these liberties, and keep all these liberties, rights, and concessions.rights, and concessions.

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Is known as the Is known as the cornerstone of cornerstone of democracy. The democracy. The Magna Carta is Magna Carta is similar to the US similar to the US constitution. constitution.

RegentsRegents

The Magna Carta and the English Bill The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights are similar in that they bothof Rights are similar in that they both

1.reinforced the theory of divine right 1.reinforced the theory of divine right 2. decreased the rights of citizens 2. decreased the rights of citizens 3. limited the power of the monarchy 3. limited the power of the monarchy 4. encouraged colonialism 4. encouraged colonialism

Regents QuestionsRegents Questions

In English history, the Magna Carta In English history, the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Right (1628), (1215), the Petition of Right (1628), and the Bill of Rights (1689) all and the Bill of Rights (1689) all reinforced the concept ofreinforced the concept of

1. limited monarchy 1. limited monarchy 2. religious toleration 2. religious toleration 3. a laissez-faire economy 3. a laissez-faire economy 4. universal suffrage 4. universal suffrage

Regents QuestionsRegents Questions

One way in which the Magna Carta, One way in which the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Glorious the Petition of Right, and the Glorious Revolution are similar is that each Revolution are similar is that each

1.strengthened the power of the 1.strengthened the power of the pope pope 2. led to the exploration of Africa 2. led to the exploration of Africa 3. limited the power of the English 3. limited the power of the English monarchy monarchy 4. settled religious conflicts 4. settled religious conflicts

GameGame

Name that Absolute RulerName that Absolute Ruler

I am from FranceI am from France

I despised the BoyarsI despised the Boyars

I built the Palace of VersaillesI built the Palace of Versailles

The Sun KingThe Sun King

Boyars killed my wifeBoyars killed my wife

I created the Russian Secret PoliceI created the Russian Secret Police

I westernizeI westernize

I was the first TsarI was the first Tsar

I had extremely expensive tasteI had extremely expensive taste

I killed my eldest sonI killed my eldest son

I made the Boyars shaveI made the Boyars shave

I created a sea port to expand Russian I created a sea port to expand Russian TradeTrade

I was a RomanovI was a Romanov

I made the nobles live with meI made the nobles live with me

I wore heelsI wore heels

I lived in Europe from time to timeI lived in Europe from time to time

I realized Russia was behind I realized Russia was behind EuropeEurope

I created numerous reforms within I created numerous reforms within Russia Russia

The first half of my rule was The first half of my rule was productiveproductive

I wrote the 95 ThesesI wrote the 95 Theses

I am a subcontinentI am a subcontinent

I am an economic system that requires I am an economic system that requires self-sufficiencyself-sufficiency

I am an economic system that makes I am an economic system that makes countries desire extreme wealthcountries desire extreme wealth

I am an economic and social system I am an economic and social system that exemplifies profit, private that exemplifies profit, private ownership, and competitionownership, and competition

I am a holy war between Muslims and I am a holy war between Muslims and Christians over the holy landChristians over the holy land

I am the European revival that I am the European revival that expressed humanism and art expressed humanism and art frequentlyfrequently

I said it is better to be feared then I said it is better to be feared then lovedloved

I have the Tigris and Euphrates I have the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around meRivers around me

I occurred when people stopped I occurred when people stopped being nomadic and settled down to being nomadic and settled down to farmfarm

I am based on the Karma and am I am based on the Karma and am polytheisticpolytheistic

I am an assumption people make I am an assumption people make and apply to an entire group of and apply to an entire group of people usually incorrectlypeople usually incorrectly

I am the Roman Code of LawsI am the Roman Code of Laws

I created a law code for the I created a law code for the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

My law code stressed the My law code stressed the principle of retributionprinciple of retribution

I am a wealthy Roman citizen I am a wealthy Roman citizen

I moved the capital of the Roman I moved the capital of the Roman EmpireEmpire

I think I may have helped spread I think I may have helped spread the plague from Asia to Europethe plague from Asia to Europe