Active and passive voice – Diateza veprore dhe pesore

Active voice ( diateza veprore ) tregon nje veprim qe e kryen vete kryefjala ( ne kete rast kryefjala eshte vete vepruesi ), kurse Passive voice ( diateza pesore ) tregon nje veprim qe e peson kryefjala.

Passive voice formohet me ndihmen e foljes ndihmese “be” dhe pjesores te se shkuares se foljes kryesore. Gjithashtu duhet pasur parasysh qe kundrina e fjalise veprore behet kryefjale e fjalise pesore. Form: be + past participle of the main verb.Psh: They grow coffee in Brazil. ( active ) Coffee is grown in Brazil. ( passive )

Fjalite e gjuhes angleze kane 3 elemente kryesore: 1. subject ( kryefjala ), 2. verb ( folja ), dhe 3. object ( kundrina ). Fjalite mund te jene ne diatezen veprore ( active voice ) ose ne diatezen pesore ( passive voice ). Prandaj, kohet gjithashtu kane “ format veprore “ dhe “ format pesore “. Duhet te mesohet te dallohet ndryshimi me qellim qe gjuha angleze te flitet ne menyre te suksesshme.

Ne fjalite e diatezes veprore, kryefjala eshte ajo qe e kryen veprimin kurse kundrina eshte ajo qe e pranon veprimin. Shumica e fjalive jane ne diatezen veprore.

Form: thing doing action + verb + thing receiving action.Psh: The professor teaches the students. subject verb object doing action receiving action

Fjalite shendrrohen ne diatezen pesore ne ate menyre qe kundrina e fjalise veprore behet kryefjale e fjalise pesore. Tani kryefjala nuk eshte me ajo qe e kryen veprimin por ajo qe e pranon veprimin. Kurse gjeja qe e kryen veprimin eshte opcionale. Nese ne diatezen pesore permendet kryefjala e diatezes veprore, ateher ajo vendoset ne fund te fjalise pesore e shoqeruar nga parafjala “by”.

Form: thing receiving action + be + past participle of the verb + by + thing doing actionPsh: The students are taught by the professor. receiving action passive verb doing action

The use of Passive voice – Perdorimi i Diatezes pesore

Passive voice ( Diateza pesore ) perdoret:1. Kur kryesi I veprimit eshte i panjohur.Psh: Someone stole the car. ( active ) The car was stolen. ( passive )

2. Kur kryesi I veprimit eshte I njohur ose I parendesishem.Psh: The police arrested the driver. ( active ) The driver was arrested. ( passive )

3. Nese nuk deshirojme te theksojme kryesin e veprimit.Psh: The teacher will give you the answer tomorrow. ( active ) You will be given the answer tomorrow. ( passive )

4. Nese deshirojme te theksojme kryesin e veprimit, atehere perdoret parafjala “by”.Psh: A French family found the missing child. ( active ) The missing child was found by a French family. ( passive )

5. Nese kryefjala eshte e pacaktuar ose nuk eshte me rendesi te permendet. Ne raste te ketilla mund te perdoren fjalet si: “someone”, “something”, “people”, etj.

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Psh: People consider that Heathrow airport is very up-to-date. ( active ) Heathrow airport is considered to be very up-to-date. ( passive )

6. Nese kryefjala eshte e pacaktuar ajo mund te zevendesohet me fjali pesore qe fillon me kryefjalen “it”. Psh: It is considered that Heathrow airport is very up-to-date. ( passive )

Vini re! Fjalite pesore e zhvendosin vemendjen nga kryefjala tek kundrina e fjalive veprore. Kundrina e fjalise veprore behet kryefjale e fjalise pesore. Gjithashtu vereni perdorimin e parafjales “by” ne fjalite pesore. Psh: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. ( active ) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. ( passive )Diateza pesore nuk eshte nje menyre tjeter e te shprehurit te se njejtes fjali ne diatezen veprore. Ne zgjedhim diatezen veprore ose pesore varesisht se per qfare jemi me shume te interesuar. Ne fjaline e pare ne active voice, ne jemi me shume te interesuar se Shekspirin, kurse ne fjalin e dyte ne passive voice, Hamleti eshte zhvendosur ne fillim te fjalise sepse jemi te interesuar me shume ne shfaqje.

Shpesh parafjala “by” dhe kryesi I veprimit hiqen ne fjalite e diatezes pesore. Kjo mund te ndodhe sepse: 1. Kryesi I veprimit nuk eshte I njohur. Psh: My wallet was lost last night. ( passive ) 2. Kryesi I veprimit nuk eshte I rendesishem. Psh: This bridge was built in 1890. ( passive )3. Ne e kuptojme kush eshte kryesi I veprimit. Psh: I was fined £100 for speeding. ( passive )

Disa folje ne gjuhen angleze si psh: bring, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, give, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, send, show, teach, take, tell, write, etj. kane dy kundrina: nje person dhe nje gje. Nese personi eshte I fundit ne fjali, atehere para tij perdoret parafjala “to”, psh:1. Verb + person + thing. Psh: They gave Suzan a prize. ( active )2. Verb + thing + to + person. Psh: They gave a prize to Suzan. ( active )Keto folje kane dy struktura te mundshme ne passive voice, psh:1. Suzan was given a prize. ( passive ), ose 2. A prize was given to Suzan. ( passive )Struktura me personin se pari perdoret me shume. ( Suzan was given a prize )

Ne fund mund te themi se Active voice eshte me e shkurter, me e drejteperdrejte dhe me dinamike se Passive voice. Passive voice eshte shume I rendesishem ne gjuhen angleze e cila perdoret edhe ne gjuhen e folur edhe ne ate te shkruar. Vetem foljet kalimtare mund te formojne Passive voice ( foljet qe kane kundrine ).

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Tenses in Passive Voice – Kohet ne Diatezen PesorePresent Simple Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Tashme

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Tashme formohet nga Present tense e folje ndihmese “be” ( am, is, are ) dhe past participle ( pjesores te se shkuares ) se foljes qe tregon veprimin. Form: be + past participle of the main verbPsh: The movie fascinates me. ( active ) I am fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher speaks English fluently. ( active ) English is spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar foljes ndihmese “be” pjesezen mohuese “not” ( am not, is not, are not ) dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin.Form: be + not + past participle of the main verbPsh: The movie does not fascinate me. ( active ) I am not fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher does not speak English fluently. ( active ) English is not spoken flyently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inversion ku folja ndihmese “be” del para kryefjales dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin pas kryefjales. Form: be + subject + past participle of the main verb.Psh: Does the movie fascinate me? ( active ) Am I fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Does the teacher speak English fluently? ( active ) Is English spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive voice e Kohes se Tashme perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe, per gjerat te cilat jane gjithmone te verteta, per shprehite dhe gjerat qe ndodhin shpesh, nganjehere, kurre, etj.Psh: I always teach English. ( active ) English is always taught by me. ( passive )He services his car regularly. ( active ) His car is serviced regularly. ( passive )

Present Continuous Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Tashme te Vazhduar

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Tashme te Vazhduar formohet nga Present Tense e folje ndihmese “be” ( am, is, are ), Present participle ( pjesorja e se tashmes ) e foljes “be”dhe past participle ( pjesorja e se shkuares ) e foljes qe tregon veprimin. Form: be + being + Past participle of the main verb.Psh: The movie is fascinating me. ( active ) I am being fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher is speaking English fluently. ( active ) English is being spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar foljes ndihmese “be” pjesezen mohuese “not” ( am not, is not, are not ), present participle e foljes “be” dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin.Form: be + not + being + past participle of the main verbPsh: The movie is not fascinating me. ( active ) I am not being fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher is not speaking English fluently. ( active ) English is not being spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inversion ku folja ndihmese “be” del para kryefjales dhe present participle e foljes “be” se bashku me past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin pas kryefjales.Form: be + subject + being + past participle of the main verb.Psh: Is the movie fascinating me? ( active ) Am I being fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Is the teacher speaking English fluently? (active ) Is English being spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive voice e Kohes se Tashme te Vazhduar perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe - per gjerat qe ndodhin tani, ose per gjerat e planifikuara net e ardhmen.Psh: Sorry about the mess. I am decorating the house at the moment. ( active )Sorry about the mess. The house is being decorated at the moment. ( passive )I am seeing Peter tomorrow. ( active ) Peter is being seen tomorrow by me. ( passive )

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Past Simple Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer te Thjeshte

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer te Thjeshte formohet nga Past Tense e foljes ndihmese “be” ( was, were ) dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin. Form: was / were + past participle of the main verbPsh: The movie fascinated me. ( active ) I was fascinated by the movie. ( passive ) The teacher spoke English fluently. ( active ) English was spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar pjesezen mohuese “not” foljes ndihmese “be” ne Past Tense ( was not, were not ) dhe past participle e foljes kryesore. Form: was / were + not + past participle of the main verbPsh: The movie did not fascinate me. ( active ) I was not fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher did not speak English fluently. ( active ) English was not spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inverzion ku folja ndihmese “be” ne Past Tense ( was, were ) del para kryefjales dhe past participle e foljes kryesore pas kryefjales. Form: was / were + subject + past participle of the main verbPsh: Did the movie fascinate me? ( active ) Was I fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Did the teacher speak English fluently? ( active ) Was English spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive Voice e Kohes se Kryer te Thjeshte perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe - per veprimet dhe ngjarjet te cilat kane perfunduar ne te kaluaren. Psh: My grandfather made this table long time ago. ( active )This table was made long time ago by my grandfather. ( passive )

Past Continuous Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Pakryer

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Pakryer formohet nga Past Tense e foljes ndihmese “be” ( was, were ), present participle e foljes “be” ( being ) dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin. Form: was / were + being + past participle of the main verbThe movie was fascinating me. ( active ) I was being fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher was speaking English fluently. ( active ) English was being spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar pjesezen mohuese “not” foljes ndihmese “be” ne Past Tense ( was not, were not ), present participle e foljes “be” ( being ) dhe past participle e foljes kryesore.Form: was / were + not + being + past participle of the main verbThe movie was not fascinating me. ( active ) I was not being fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher was not speaking English fluently. ( active ) English was not being spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inverzion ku folja ndihmese “be” ne Past Tense ( was, were ) del para kryefjales dhe present participle e foljes “be’ ( being ) se bashku me past participle e foljes kryesore pas kryefjales.Form: was / were + subject + being + past participle of the main verb Was the movie fascinating me? ( active ) Was I being fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Was the teacher speaking English fluently? ( active ) Was English being spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive Voice e Kohes se Pakryer perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe - per veprimet e nderprera ne te kaluaren. Psh: The father was milking the cows when we arrived. ( active ) The cows were being milked when we arrived. ( passive )

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Present Perfect Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer formohet nga Present Tense e foljes ndihmese “have” ( have, has ), past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin.Form: have / has + been + past participle of the main verbThe movie has fascinated me. ( active ) I have been fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher has spoken English fluently. ( active ) English has been spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar pjesezen mohuese “not” foljes ndihmese “have” ne Present Tense ( have not, has not ), past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) dhe past participle e foljes kryesore.Form: have / has + not + been + past participle of the main verbThe movie has not fascinated me. ( active ) I have not been fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher has not spoken English fluently. ( active ) English has not been spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inverzion ku folja ndihmese “have” ne Present Tense ( have, has ) del para kryefjales dhe past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) se bashku me past participle e foljes kryesore pas kryefjales.Form: have / has + subject + been + past participle of the main verb Has the movie fascinated me? ( active ) Have I been fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Has the teacher spoken English fluently? ( active ) Has English been spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive Voice e Kohes se Kryer perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe - per veprimet dhe ngjarjet ne te kaluaren te cilat jane te rendesishme tani, psh: kur njerzeve iu ipen lajme.Psh: Tom has not invited us to Ann’s party. ( active ) We have not been invited to Ann’s party. ( passive )

Past Perfect Passive – Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer te Tejshkuar ose Kohes me se te Kryer

Diateza Pesore e Kohes se Kryer te Tejshkuar ose Kohes me se te Kryer formohet nga Past Tense e foljes ndihmese “have” ( had ), past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) dhe past participle e foljes qe tregon veprimin.Form: had + been + past participle of the main verbThe movie had fascinated me. ( active ) I had been fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher had spoken English fluently. ( active ) English had been spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta negative formohet duke ia shtuar pjesezen mohuese “not” foljes ndihmese “have” ne Past Tense ( had not ), past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) dhe past participle e foljes kryesore.Form: had + not + been + past participle of the main verbThe movie had not fascinated me. ( active ) I had not been fascinated by the movie. ( passive )The teacher had not spoken English fluently. ( active ) English had not been spoken fluently by the teacher. ( passive )

Trajta pyetese formohet me inverzion ku folja ndihmese “have” ne Past Tense ( had ) del para kryefjales dhe past participle e foljes “be” ( been ) se bashku me past participle e foljes kryesore pas kryefjales.Form: had + subject + been + past participle of the main verb Had the movie fascinated me? ( active ) Had I been fascinated by the movie? ( passive )Had the teacher spoken English fluently? ( active ) Had English been spoken fluently by the teacher? ( passive )

Passive Voice e Kohes se Kryer te Tejshkuar ose Kohes me se te Kryer perdoret njejte sikurse Active Voice e kesaj kohe - per te treguar nje veprim qe eshte kryer ne te kaluaren para se te filloj nje veprim tjeter poashtu ne te kaluaren, psh:Psh: They had delivered the furniture when I got home. ( active ) The furniture had been delivered when I got home. ( passive )

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