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ACTIVITATS DE RECUPERACIÓ
CIÈNCIES SOCIALS
2n d’ESO
CURS 2016 -17
TEMA 1. LA POBLACIÓ: DISTRIBUCIÓ, DINÀMICA I ESTRUCTURA
1.1. Els habitants de la Terra es distribueixen de forma desigual sobre el
territori. Demostra la validesa o la falsedat d’aquesta afirmació amb tants
arguments com puguis.
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1.2. Com es calcula la densitat de població d’un territori?
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1.3. En què es diferencien un padró i un cens?
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1.4. De quins factors depèn el creixement natural o vegetatiu d’una població?
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1.5. Quan diem que un territori té un creixement zero?
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1.6. Les taxes de natalitat i de mortalitat dels països rics són molt diferents
de les dels països pobres. Per què?
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1.7. Llegeix aquestes afirmacions i digues si són certes (C) o falses (F):
a) Tradicionalment, Catalunya ha estat una terra d’emigrants. ___
b) Per calcular el creixement total d’un territori, cal tenir en compte el creixement
natural i el saldo migratori. ___
c) Tots els immigrants se’n van a viure a un altre país. ___
d) El 31 % de la població mundial viu en un país diferent del que va néixer. ___
e) Aproximadament un 16 % de la població de Catalunya és d’origen
estranger. ___
f) L’ACNUR és el comissionat de les Nacions Unides que vetlla per la protecció dels
refugiats. ___
1.8. Quins tipus de piràmides de població hi ha? Descriu-ne les diferències
principals.
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1.9. Des del punt de vista de l’estructura demogràfica, de quins grups formes
part? Per què?
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1.10. Amb aquestes dades dibuixa la piràmide de població de Catalunya.
TEMA 2. LA CIUTAT
2.1. Tria una població de Catalunya que coneguis bé, digues si el seu
poblament és rural o urbà i argumenta la teva afirmació.
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2.2. «Avui al món hi ha més gent que viu al camp que a la ciutat.» És
certa aquesta afirmació? Justifica la resposta.
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2.3. Esmenta una ciutat del món antic que s’hagi format a partir d’un pla
ortogonal i una altra que segueixi aquesta mateixa distribució de l’època
contemporània.
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2.4. Tria les dues funcions urbanes que consideris més importants i
defineix-les. Raona la teva tria.
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2.5. Posa exemples de ciutats del món i de barris del teu municipi en què
hi hagi un predomini d’una funció determinada.
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2.6. Què és una àrea urbana multifuncional?
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2.7. Què és l’àrea metropolitana de Barcelona?
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2.8. Quina ciutat de l’interior del territori català constitueix una excepció
pel que fa a la població? Com és la xarxa urbana al seu voltant?
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2.9. Esmenta llocs que coneguis que estiguin situats en un espai
periurbà. Poden ser polígons industrials, urbanitzacions, centres
comercials, campus universitaris, etc.
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2.10. Imagina que a Catalunya es vol construir una nova ciutat totalment
sostenible. Com hauria de ser?
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TEMA 3. L’ESCLAT I L’EXPANSIÓ DE L’ISLAM
3.1. Llegeix aquestes afirmacions i digues si són certes (C) o falses (F):
a) Àrab i musulmà són dos termes sinònims. ___
b) Mahoma va viure al segle VII dC. ___
c) La Meca ja era un lloc sagrat abans del naixement de Mahoma. ___
d) Els clergues de les mesquites administren els sagraments als fidels
que s’hi congreguen. ___
e) Els musulmans veneren Maria i Jesús. ___
3.2. Descriu les característiques físiques (relleu i precipitacions) de la
península Aràbiga.
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3.3. Qui habitava Aràbia quan va néixer Mahoma?
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3.4. Redacta una breu biografia de Mahoma.
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3.5. Descriu amb les teves paraules els cinc grans pilars de la fe islàmica.
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3.6. Mahoma va dir que «la religió i el poder polític són germans
bessons». Creus que aquest principi continua vigent encara als països on
la religió musulmana és majoritària? Si consideres que sí, posa’n
exemples.
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3.7. Com eren les ciutats islàmiques medievals?
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3.8. «Els àrabs van sintetitzar i difondre les cultures precedents amb què
van entrar en contacte.» Demostra aquesta afirmació.
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3.9. Enumera totes les innovacions que van introduir els àrabs a Europa
que coneguis.
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3.10. Descriu com són les mesquites i quines parts tenen.
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3.11. «Durant la conquesta islàmica de la península Ibèrica hi ha haver
molta violència i setges de ciutats molt llargs.» És certa aquesta
afirmació? Justifica la resposta.
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3.12. Quan va assolir al-Àndalus la màxima esplendor? Raona la
resposta.
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3.13. Què destacaries del llegat islàmic a la península Ibèrica?
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TEMA 4. L’EUROPA FEUDAL
4.1. Valora la importància històrica de la figura de Carlemany.
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4.2. Ja al segle VIII els víkings eren temuts arreu de l’Europa nord-
occidental. Per què?
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4.3. Quins factors expliquen l’aparició i la consolidació del feudalisme?
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4.4. Què era un feu? Defineix-ho amb les teves paraules.
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4.5. «A l’alta edat mitjana la població europea gairebé no creixia.» És
certa aquesta afirmació? Per què?
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4.6. Els reis medievals ocupaven el vèrtex de la piràmide social.
Tanmateix, el seu poder era feble. Per què?
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4.7. Descriu com vivien els nobles medievals, tant en temps de guerra
com en les èpoques de pau.
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4.8. Qui van ser els benedictins?
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4.9. «Els monestirs medievals eren com petites ciutats gairebé
autosuficients.» És certa aquesta afirmació? Argumenta-ho.
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4.10. Quan i on van ser abolits per primera vegada els drets senyorials
sobre la pagesia?
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TEMA 5. EL NAIXEMENT DE CATALUNYA I DELS ALTRES REGNES
PENINSULARS
5.1. Descriu el context polític i militar en què es va produir la
independència de Catalunya respecte de la monarquia franca.
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5.2. Quines fronteres naturals separaven la Catalunya Vella de la
Catalunya Nova? A quina d’aquestes dues àrees geogràfiques es troba la
població on vius?
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5.3. Valora la importància històrica de la figura de Guifré el Pelós.
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5.4. Quina de les teories sobre l’origen del nom de Catalunya et sembla
més versemblant? Per què?
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5.5. En quin segle es van establir les quatre barres tal com avui les
coneixem? Quines comunitats autònomes les tenen en l’actualitat a les
seves banderes?
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5.6. Quin comte català va trencar el pacte feudal amb la monarquia
franca? Quin rei catalanoaragonès va aconseguir que la independència
de Catalunya fos reconeguda legalment pel rei de França?
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5.7. Quin paper va tenir el comte Ramon Berenguer I en l’establiment del
feudalisme català?
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5.8. Tria un d’aquests dos personatges, Alfons I el Bataller o Ramon
Berenguer IV, i descriu la seva política d’expansió territorial.
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5.9. Qui va ser Alfons I de Catalunya?
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5.10. Qui eren els pagesos de remença?
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5.11. Quins regnes hi havia a la península Ibèrica al segle XII?
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5.12. Qui va ser el primer comte aragonès? Quin fet destacat va
impulsar?
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TEMA 7. CATALUNYA A LA BAIXA EDAT MITJANA
7.1. Valora la importància històrica de la batalla de Muret.
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7.2. Compara els processos de conquesta de Mallorca i València i
destaca’n les semblances i les diferències.
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7.3. Tria alguna de les campanyes militars de la Corona d’Aragó dels
segles XIII i XIV i fes-ne una interpretació crítica.
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7.4. Per què durant la baixa edat mitjana a Barcelona hi vivien persones
d’orígens molt diversos i s’hi podien trobar mercaderies provinents
d’arreu?
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7.5. Demostra amb alguns exemples la frase següent: «La societat de les
ciutats catalanes medievals era molt diversa».
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7.6. Enumera alguns dels oficis que era habitual trobar a les ciutats
catalanes durant l’edat mitjana i descriu-ne tres.
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7.7. Què era la Diputació del General? Quina relació tenia amb les Corts
catalanes? La Generalitat actual fa les mateixes funcions?
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7.8. Defineix pactisme amb les teves paraules.
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7.9. Què va ser «lo mal any primer»?
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7.10. Explica i valora com es va resoldre la mort sense descendència del
rei Martí I l’Humà.
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7.11. Quines guerres i conflictes hi va haver a Catalunya al segle XV? Tria
el que consideris més important i explica’l.
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7.12. Què eren les iniqües consuetuds? Descriu la que consideris més
humiliant.
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7.13. Les Corts de Castella eren diferents de les de la Corona d’Aragó?
Per què?
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7.14. Què era l’Honrado Concejo de la Mesta?
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