Dch hi ma v bin php qun l

Tnh hnh dch hi ma trn th gii

2

200 loi c

230 loi su

5 loi vi khun

7 loi virus

67 loi nm

5 loi tuyn trng

34 loi khc

~ 2 t (54%)

3 loi nhn

Tnh hnh dch hi ma Vit Nam

3

2 loi nhn

28 loi su

8 loi khc

4 loi tuyn trng

29 loi c

26 loi mm bnh

11.8%

17.1%

11.5%

7 nghn t

Nhm su c thn hi ma

4

Mc mm - Ny chi nhnh Vn lng Chn

Su c thn 4 vch (Chilo sacchariphagus) tn cng ln l t, lng thn, nh sinh trng

Su c thn mnh tm (Phragmataecia castaneae Hbner) tn cng ln b l, lng thn

Su c thn mnh hng ln (c mo) (Sesamia sp.) tn cng ln b l, lng thn

Su c thn 5 vch u nu (c mm)

(Chilo infuscatellus Snellen)

tn cng nh sinh trng

Su c thn mnh trng (c ngn) (Scirpophaga nivella Fabr.) tn cng l t, nh sinh trng

5

Nhm su c thn hi ma

Su c thn mnh tm

Su c thn mnh hng

Su c thn 4 vch

Su c thn 5 vch

Su c thn mnh trng

1. C 5 loi su c thn ph bin, trong 3 loi gy hi ch yu l su c

thn 4 vch, su c thn mnh tm v su c thn mnh hng.

2. Thi k cy non, su c vo gy hin tng ho nn. Thi k c lng tr i,

su xm nhp vo thn cy, t ma b su c b h hi d b gy khi c

gi to, d b bi nhim bnh thi .

3. Mi nm thng c 5-7 la su nn mc thit hi rt ln. Vn ma b nng

b gim nng sut v cht lng t 15-20%, thm ch 50-60%.

6

Nhm su c thn hi ma

Nhm cn trng chch ht

7

Mc mm - Ny chi nhnh Vn lng Chn

B phn trng (Aleurolobus barodensis Maskell) tn cng ln l

Ry u vng (Eoeurysa flavocapitata Muir.) chch ht l t

Rp sp (Saccharicoccus sacchari Cock) tn cng ln t thn

B phn trng

1. Chch ht mt di ca l lm l chuyn vng v hng nht, kh chy.

2. Bi tit cht dch c cha ng, hp dn nm mui en (Capnodium spp.) xm

nhp, pht trin nh hng n quang hp.

3. Ma b hi ci cc, gim hm lng ng, nng sut ma c th gim ti 65%.

Ging ma c l to v di thng b hi nng hn.

8

Ry u vng

1. Chch ht l t hay l mi xe gy ra nhng vt hoi t trn l.

2. Ma b nhim nng c l t b thi, l xanh gim v bin dng nh, ngn,

nh hng n sinh trng v tch ly ng ca cy ma.

9

Rp sp hng

Bm vo t ma pha trong b l ht nha lm cy ma pht trin km,

b nng c th cht t hoc vng, gim nng sut v tr lng ng.

Rp tit ra cht ngt, hp dn nm mui en v cc loi kin cng sinh lm

gim qung hp ca cy.

10

Nhm nhn hi ma

11

Mc mm - Ny chi nhnh Vn lng Chn

Nhn (Oligonychus simus Baker & Pritchard)

tn cng ln l

Tp trung trong cc nh bc lng t trng trn l, chch ht dch l, to nn cc vt chm nh, nu b gy hi nng, phin l c th chuyn sang mu vng

Nm bnh hi ma

12

Mc mm - Ny chi nhnh Vn lng Chn

Bnh thi (Glomerella tucumanensis Muller) tn cng ln l, b l, lng thn

Bnh thi ngn

(Gibberella moniliformis)

tn cng lng ngn, l t.

Bnh than en (Ustilago scitamenia Sydow) tn cng nh sinh trng

Bnh than en

1. Triu chng: roi hnh thnh t m ngn

hay chi tn cng, ph bo t mu en.

Chi mnh d ging c, l hp v ngn, cy

nhnh nhiu, thn nh, t ko di.

2. Thit hi: y l bnh ht sc nguy him, c

kh nng ly lan nhanh v khi b bnh ch

cn cch n b.

3. Ly lan: nh gi, nc, phng tin vn

chuyn. Bnh gy hi trn ma lu gc nhiu

hn trn ma t.

13

Bnh thi ngn (xon c ma)

Triu chng: ban u l nhng m mu trng gc l non, dn dn xut

hin thnh m sc nh mu nu v hp li thnh vt to, phin l d

hnh, bnh nng lm gc v phin l ngn li, t b cht thi, c bi phn

mu hng nht, c mi kh chu.

Thit hi: ma nhim bnh s cht hoc m nhiu mm nch

Lan truyn: qua khng kh, tn d cy bnh, hom ging.

14

Bnh thi (bnh ru)

Triu chng: trong thn mu , in hnh

vi nhng di bng ngang mu trng, c

mi ru, v cy bin mu.

Thit hi: cy lm, teo tp, vng v cht

kh dn. Ti sinh gc rt km v thi hom.

Bnh lm suy gim nng sut trm trng.

Ly lan: nh gi, nc, ly nhim vo cy

ma qua vt thng, vy mm, so l,

mm r, vt c ca su c thn.

15

Vi khun v virus hi ma

16

Mc mm - Ny chi nhnh Vn lng Chn

1. Bnh cn ma gc (RSD) Leifsonia xyli subsp. Xyli Davis

2. Bnh thn chi m ngn (Xanthomonas albilineans Dowson

3. Bnh chy gm (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum Cobb)

4. Bnh khm l vi rt Sugarcane mosaic virus Sorghum mosaic virus

Tn cng ton thn cy, ton bi ma

Bnh phytoplasma

Trng l, Chi c, Chi c xanh, Bnh cn Ramu

Bnh cn ma gc

Triu chng: cy cn cc, pht trin km. Ch

dc thn ma thy c cc m nh t mu vng

n nu , dng du phy, ngn

Thit hi: cy b cn ci, thp, ng knh nh,

lng ngn, r km pht trin, bi nh, t cy,

cy sinh trng chm v c th cht.

Ly lan: dng c thu hoch v canh tc.., hom,

t, tn d cy bnh

17

Bnh thn chi m ngn

Triu chng: l c sc vng hoc tm.

Ngn thn mc nhiucchi mm sau

ho kh, l ngn cht dn. Bn trong

thn c nhiu vt mu ti.

Thit hi: cy cht hoc m chi thn,

chi ngn lm gim nng sut v hm

lng ng

Ly lan: qua vit thng, hom ging, cc

dng c cht.

18

Bnh chy gm (nha)

Triu chng: trn l gi t na phin l

pha trn ti nh l c nhng sc mu

vng m hoc vng cam. Cc sc c

th chy sut phin l nhng khng bao

gi ti b. Cht ngang cy bnh thy tit

ra mt cht nha mu vng.

Thit hi: lm gim nng sut, nh

hng n khu ch luyn nh my.

Ly lan: qua vt thng, hom ging, cc

dng c cht.

19

Bnh khm

Triu chng: l non c nhng m nh, lin kt to thnh nhng vt nm

khng u nhau v c mu vng nht trn l xanh bnh thng. Trn

cc dng thn c nhng chm mu sm.

Thit hi: ma ln, lng ngn, thi im sinh trng, m phn sinh ngn.

Ly lan: vect nh ry bp... mt s loi rp, hom ging, dao,..

20

Bnh phytoplasma

Triu chng:: cy ln, tng phn hoc ton b l, chi b mt dip lc t,

l nh, mm, mc nhiu chi bn; t thn ngn, cy bt thng.

Thit hi: bnh nh lm gim nng sut cht lng, bnh nng ton b l

trng, cy ln, mc nhiu chi ri cht.

Ly lan: ry Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura) v Yamatotettix

flavovittatus, hom ging.

21

Qun l dch hi tng hp

22

Ha hc (thuc tr nm, tr su, khng sinh, dit c,)

Sinh hc (thin ch, sinh vt i

khng, gy bnh,..)

K thut sinh hc (cht dn d, iu ha

sinh trng, trit sn)

K thut canh tc (xen canh, lun canh,

thi v,) Kim dch

(kim sot xut nhp khu, kh trng,)

Vt l (c gii, nhit , li

bo v, bc x,)

Qun l su c thn

Tuyn chn ging khng hoc chng chu.

Bin php canh tc: lm t k, x l hom ging, tiu dit c di,

ct chi v hiu, bc l gi, bn phn y v cn i

Bin php sinh hc: nhn nui ong mt Trichogramma chilonis,

ong kn trng Cotesia flavipes, Cotesia sesamiae, b ui km E.

annulipes, dng by feromone dn d dit hoc trit sn bm.

Bin php ho hc: s dng Diazol 50WP, phun hoc ti gc.

23

Qun l nhm chch ht v nhn hi

Tuyn chn ging khng hoc t mn cm.

Trng tp trung, v sinh ng rung, lm t k, Xen canh vi cy h u.

Chn hom sch hoc x l hom trc khi trng

Bn phn, ti nc cn i, y .

S dng mt s thin ch n tht v k sinh: b ra, nhn, nm Beauveria

bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus.

Ry u vng (Mace 75SP, Fidegent 800WG0), rp sp (Pyrinex

480EC), b phn trng: Galil 300SC, nhn : Diazol 50EW, Galil 300SC.

24

Qun l bnh nm

V sinh ng rung, tiu hy cy bnh.

Lun canh hoc xen canh.

Tuyn chn ging khng bnh.

Dng hom sch bnh hoc x l hom trc khi trng.

Bin php ha hc:

Thi ngn: COC 85WP

Bnh thi : Divino 250EC

Bnh than: Cazyper 125SC nhng hom ma

25

Qun l bnh vi khun

Tuyn chn ging khng bnh.

Thot nc cho ma tt.

Tiu hy bi cy nhim bnh.

Kh trng dao cht.

Ri vi hn ch tc ly lan ca bnh.

Dng hom sch hoc x l hom trc khi trng bng nc 52oC.

Phun thuc gc ng COC 85WP

26

Qun l bnh virus

Tuyn chn ging khng bnh.

V sinh ng rung, loi b ngay cy bnh.

Dit tr c di v cc vect truyn bnh.

Dng hom sch hoc x l hom trc khi trng bng nc 52oC.

Tit trng dao cht ma bng formol 2%.

Hy b bi ma nhim v cy ph gc rung ma bnh.

Khng trng xen bp trong rung ma.

27

Qun l bnh phytoplasma

o, nh b v tiu hy cy bnh

S dng ging sch bnh

iu chnh thi v trng n trnh thi k pht sinh r ca vector.

Phun thuc tr vector truyn bnh bng Galil 300SC

28