Adaptive Hypermedia and The Semantic Web Dr. Alexandra Cristea [email protected] acristea

Adaptive Hypermedia and The Semantic Web

Dr. Alexandra [email protected]

http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

AH&SW course Bucharest, Romania January 2007

Overall Plan• Site

– http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/AHRO07• Theory

– at lectures: 3x2 hours total– Theoretical exam at the end: 1hour 30minutes

• Practical tasks (only for those who passed theory)– Maurice Hendrix, [email protected] – General explanation: 3 hours– 2 Tasks: in groups / individual: 2x1.5 hours

• tasks will be given at lectures and explained again in detail before starting the actual group work

– Practical exam (1 hour) and questionnaires (50min)


Outline Theory

1. Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present and Future

Example systems and applications

2. Authoring for Adaptive Hypermedia AH Authoring reference architecture: LAOS

3. Semantic WebSemantic Desktop


• Definitions• Why AH?• Application areas• What to adapt?• Adapt to what?• How to adapt - past?• Obstacles AH• New solutions

1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future


+ presentation m.


What is Adaptive Hypermedia?• Hypermedia

– different media types used in a single application (text, images, sound, video, …)

– non-linear structure with navigation through hyper-links

• Adaptive– application forms a model of the context in which it is used

(user, place, time, device, etc.)– application adapts to that context (can show different

information, different media, different links, etc.)– adaptation and user/ presentation modeling interact with

each other (or else we say the application is adaptable, not adaptive)

is more than the Web!!


Index• Definitions• Why AH?• Application areas• What to adapt?• Adapt to what?• How to adapt - past?• Obstacles AH• New solutions


The need for personalization


Why AH?

• Problems with hypermedia applications:– information overload: no time or interest to process

all– excessive navigational freedom: “lost in

hyperspace” which links are relevant (for this user) ?

– comprehension: order (a.o.) may be relevant: what has the user seen before when reaching a certain node?

– presentation: what fits the user’s screen? how much network bandwidth and processing power is available?




Application areas AH• Areas

– Education– Commerce– Government– others

• Adaptation types– Adaptive Help– Adaptive Search– Expert systems – AI– others




What can be adapted? – classical views

• Adaptive presentation:– change which information is shown– change how that information is shown

• Adaptive navigation support:– change which links are shown– change how these links are shown– change the link destinations


Adaptive Presentation


Adaptive Navigation Support


Example from 2L690• Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows:

– …In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown University, from 1965 on) there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.…

• After reading about Xanadu this becomes:– …

In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.…


ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation

The wrong example:


Example from Interbook

1. Concept role

2. Current concept state

3. Current section state4. Linked sections state

4

3

2

1

√


TV Scout: What’s on Tonight?


TV Scout: Forms and Graphical Interface




Adapt to what?

• User user model (UM)

• Goals goal model (GM)

• Domain domain model (DM)

• Environment presentation model (PM)


User modelling is always about guessing …


Classical User Model: Overlay UM• user’s knowledge = subset of expert’s

knowledge

• goal of tutoring: to enlarge this subset.

• This model is particularly appropriate when the (teaching) material can be represented as a prerequisite hierarchy.



Adapt to what (else)?• Knowledge about the subject domain (and

possibly also knowledge about the system)• Preferences• Interests • Learning or cognitive styles• Background: profession, language,

prospect, capabilities, experience, age• Navigation history


Adapt to what?






Adapt to what?• Goal• (initial) purpose of the hypermedia• answer to question

– “Why should the user use the hypermedia system and what could the user actually achieve?”

• Goals can be local or global. – Local goals may changed quite often. For example, the

problem-solving goal is a local one, which changes from one educational problem to another several times within a session.

– Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial goal.


Adapt to what?






Adapt to what?

Adapt to

Domain model properties


Adapt to what?






• Context / environment– aspects of the user’s environment, like

browsing device, window size, network bandwidth, processing power, quality of service, etc.

Adapt to what?


Index• Definitions• Why AH?• Application areas• What to adapt?• Adapt to what?• How to adapt?• Obstacles AH• New solutions


Adaptation model

• How do the previous models interact (schematic model)

• The only dynamic part of the model

• Traditionally, a set of rules


Classic loop (Brusilovsky, ‘01) ++

φιπθθθ

/ Presentation Model


Adaptive vs. adaptable

adaptable adaptive

personalized

User-tuned System-tuned


Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000


A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable Systems

Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000




New, dynamic view of AH

text

link

Bits & piecesBit contains

text, MM or link

Generation: -only text

-only link

-text & link

text

text

link

link


Solutions in short

• Standardization

• Authoring

• Openness

New theoretical frameworks needed!

New implementations!


Demo

http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/

http://prolearn.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/


Concluding

Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present & Future– Definitions– Why AH?– Application areas– What to adapt?– Adapt to what?– How to adapt - past?– (some) New solutions


New IAS projects on this

• ALS Minerva project

• Prolearn


ALS project in shortissimo• Adaptive Learning Spaces• Main aim: how to bring adaptivity at group

level?– What changes?– Group of learners– Group of authors

• 8 institutes• representing 7 countries• 2 years; started on the 1st of October 2006


Prolearn project in shortissimo

• NoE: they bring birds of a feather together

• Warwick as new core partner from 1st January 2007

• http://www.prolearn-project.org/

• 21 core partners now

• Hundreds of associate partners (Warwick included)


Any questions?

Documents

Adaptive Hypermedia and The Semantic Web Dr. Alexandra Cristea [email protected] acristea