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Addawlat Žn Nijer Sarwis Žn jafon wa Sarwis wan agayak I¾£alan d࣠ŽddŽnet

�nŽttŽf Žd daggan win Žhan aman d࣠addawlat Ž Nijer

Irawan Žn masan n abora wi n azzaman

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�lkŽttabwa, sarwiw Žn Nijer wa innittafan Žd masnaten ¾in Žqqalnen agayak a t igan d࣠tedhŽlt Žn sarwiw Žn Jafon wa innittafan Žd daggan win Žhan aman d࣠addawlat Žn Nijer (EDOS) wa ihan tTawa. �lmŽqsud Žn salan win t Žhanen iqqal irawan Žn masan n abora win azzaman. Magrad wa ihan ŽlkŽttabawa, imos arat ikkan imagyakan – immal harwa idaggan win d࣠itag abora – harwa, immal aratan win Žztaynen imasan n abora win azzaman Žd win Žrunen, d ŽmmŽk wa Žs dŽr – san itaggu ŽnŽttaf. �lmisalan Žn fototan win Žhanen ŽlkŽttabwa, imosan aratan sar£asnen tŽgorrawt Žn magradan win tŽhanen.

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I. Idaggan n abora........................................................................................03 II. �nŽmŽzlay Žn masan nabora win Žhanen Nijer...........................................03 III. Taknikkaten n ŽnŽttaf Žd masan n abora win d Žggaznen..........................03 3.1 �kŽnni n amadal.........................................................................................03 3.2 Igi Žn taki..................................................................................................03 3.2.1. Aggay Žn taki d igi net............................................................................03 3.2.2. Aggay d igi Žn taki tan azzaman...............................................................03 IV. �nŽmŽzlay Žn rawan n abora d࣠Nijer........................................................04 V. Taknikkaten n agayak Žn rawan n abora win azzaman..................................05 5.1: �kŽnni n amadal ...................................................................................05 5.2: Igi Žn taki d࣠tŽwŽgas ............................................................................05 5.2.1: TŽnfa Žn taki tan a£aywan ...................................................................05 5.2.2 : Igim tŽnfa taki tŽn azzaman..................................................................05 5.3 �kŽnni Žn tawagost....................................................................................07 5.4 : �sŽnnŽfran Žn masan d ŽkŽnni nasan......................................................08 5.4.1 : �sŽnnŽfran Žn masan .........................................................................08 5.4.2 : ŽkŽnni Žn masan ..................................................................................08 5.5 : IsŽnbal ...................................................................................................09 5.6 : �¾¾Ž£Žlan n aggaz....................................................................................10 5.6.1 : Agayak.................................................................................................10 5.6.2: Afanaz...................................................................................................11 5.6.3 : Igi Žn taki tan azzaman ......................................................................11 5.6.4 : Allay d aggaz........................................................................................12

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I. Idaggan n abora

II. �nŽmŽzlay Žn masan nabora win Žhanen Nijer

- �nŽmŽzlay Žn masan win Žssuf

- �nŽmŽzlay Žn masan win Žlxukumat

- TŽnfa Žn masan win Žlxukumat win d Žggaznen.

III. Taknikkaten n ŽnŽttaf Žd masan n abora win d Žggaznen :

3.1. �kŽnni n amadal :

�kŽnni n amadal arat wa imos ŽsŽqqŽd n ag abalan Žd tajjarganen dä£ tawagost. TŽnfa nŽkŽnni n amadal, tŽmos ŽsŽr£Žs n �¾¾Ž£Žl dä£ tawagost harwa ŽkŽnni n amadal infa dä£ tŽwŽrnawen. 3.2. Igi Žn taki : Taki tŽmos arat infan isŽnbal wŽllen. 3.2.1. Aggay Žn taki d igi net

TŽnfawen net : - �sŽdwŽl Žn sŽnbal

Taki dat ŽkŽnni Žn tawagost adu tŽtamaway sŽr – Žs – harwa tamawen Žn tawagost a tŽtaggaz, dŽffŽr adi tŽwŽziwŽz dä£- as.

Taki tŽn hŽrwan tŽhet tŽnfa wollen isŽg yak. Taki Žhantat sudar Žran sŽnbal wŽllen. 5 har 10 tonaten Žn taki as ihor ad ŽggŽenat tawagost awatay kul.

3.2.2. Aggay d igi Žn taki tan azzaman :

�¾¾Ž£Žl sŽr- Žs :

a) Igi Žn taki dat sŽnbal : taki tan azzaman enwan a dä£ tŽtawaggu. b) Igi Žn taki £ur anabal : taki £ur anabal enwan a tŽtagoz fŽl amasa tŽzzar ŽnbŽlan Arat was ihor ad iggŽz anu : Taki DA� 20 Žn kilaw fŽl ektar kul, 2 gramtan anu kul. Taki 15 – 15 – 15 60 Žn kilaw fŽl ektar kul, 6 gramtan anu kul.

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D࣠addawlat nana tan Nijer, abora Žnta ŽttŽ£am wan Ž¾¾in dŽffŽr enale – harwa abora d࣠Nijer, iyyaw d࣠sudar n aytedam. �nta a d࣠taggin aratan aggotnen ¾itan (nŽ¾ink, Žliwa, kuskus Žd salatan…) Aqabal n abora Žnta da ila tŽnfawen aggotnen :

- tattin – tu hŽrwan

- taggin sŽr - Žs nan

- tŽtaggu sŽr - tŽmsay

D࣠Nijer, abora inabbal £asnet, made Žrti d ànale me£ tanzant.

Agayak n abora, ogar wan enale igat n Ž¾¾Ž£Žl – ira ama wŽllen – harwa. Issof talaq, tŽ£lalt, made abadagdag. Irawan n abora iyyad Žzmaran I aman. Abora wŽr tu tŽha tazaydart Žn fad £ur tamert tan ŽsŽqqŽb.

IV. �nŽmŽzlay Žn rawan n abora d࣠Nijer :

Irawan win Žsuf d ŽnŽmŽzlay nasan.

Alma£na Žn rawan win Žssuf, imasan win dŽr ŽnnŽttafan magyakan elan. Selan d࣠kallan nasan. Imasan winden Žntané a fŽl Žgan win Žlxukumat.

D࣠Nijer Ž¾¾in rawan n abora a n Žla

- Wa igayyakan fŽl gefan - Wa igayyakan d࣠gorasan

Irawan win n Žlxukumat

Irawan win Žlxukumat awa tan izlayan Žd win Žsuf da :

- ZŽmmerat i arak daggan - ZŽmmŽrat i tŽwŽrnawen Žd fad - Šaba made ¾iblalen.

Irawan Tamertnasan TŽzzŽgrŽt nasan A wad igammadan ektar 1

90 S N 7

75 har 85 n ŽzŽl WŽr zŽgrŽt wŽr gozzul 2000 har 2500 kilaw

SSD 35

75 har 85 n ŽzŽl WŽr zŽgrŽt wŽr gŽzzul 1500 à 2000 kilaw

Irat 204

70 har 75 n ŽzŽl igŽzzulan 3000 kilaw

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V. Taknikkaten n agayak Žn rawan n abora win azzaman

5.1: �kŽnni n amadal :

�kŽnni n amadal arat wa imos ŽsŽqqŽd Žn tofŽrŽnkawen, agabal, made e¾kan d࣠tawagost fŽl ŽsŽr£os n Ž¾¾Ž£Žl Žd tŽksŽda n ŽssŽbaban ¾ilan mudaran win Žharen tajjargant ten.

5.2: Igi Žn taki d࣠tŽwŽgas :

Taki arat a tŽmos in fan isŽnbŽl wŽllen nŽllen. Taki tŽtaqqal tamaqqawst, tajjarganen ¾in £arat, made taki tan azzaman. 5.2.1: TŽnfa Žn taki tan a£aywan :

Taki tan a£aywan tŽla tŽnfawen aggotnen

- �sŽdwŽl Žn kewan Žn sŽnbal - �sŽhussi n amadal - Aggaz n amadal d࣠adu made aman - Iduf n aman - �sŽdwŽl Žn tŽxŽllaq ¾in Žhanan amadal (yel d aratan iyyad)

�ssŽnat as taki, dat ŽkŽnni n amadal ad ihor a du tammaway tŽzzar tŽwŽziwŽz fŽl tawagost kul net.

Taki tŽmos arat ilan tŽnfa wŽr nŽla aket, ihor as awatay kul 5 har 10 tonnaten ad Žn£Žllnat fŽl aket ektar kul fŽl ŽsŽlwŽsi d ŽsŽssuhi Žn tŽnfa n amadal.

5.2.2 : Igim tŽnfa taki tŽn azzaman :

a) Igi net dat nabalan

Taki tan azzaman Žntada, ŽtŽwŽsilal a tŽtawagga tawogost – 100 Žn kilaw Žn SS� Žn ST� fŽl aket ektar kul.

b) Igi net £ur nabalan

Ɣur nabalan, taki tan azzaman, enwan a d࣠tŽtawaggu fŽl sŽnbal tŽzzar ŽnhŽlan fŽll - as.

20 kilaw Žn DA� made 60 kg Žn 15 – 15 – 15 as ihor ad ŽggŽzan Žnwan fŽl aket ektar.

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Foto 1: Igi Žn taki d࣠enwan

�hoto 2 : Igi Žn taki tan tamaqqawst

�hoto 3 : Igi Žn taki tan azzaman

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�hoto 4 : Igi Žn tamaqqawst Žd taki tan azzaman 5.3 �kŽnni Žn tawagost

�kŽnni Žn t awagost ŽddŽlilan net da :

- �kŽnni n adag Žn sŽnbal - �sŽr£Žs n iduf n aman - �sŽrti n amadal Žd taki - Ikus n e¾kan win wŽr nole£.

�kŽnni n amadal i frad ad agu Žs kalmi made ilalan win rakkaban hŽrwan

�hoto 5 : �hoto 6 : Agayak wan ¾ari Agayak wan trakter

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Amadal wan gefan itawara as ad it ŽwŽsŽnkŽr Žs ma¾in ta sitawannu arara, made kalmi dat konakan fŽl a dŽr- Žs tawi taki. 5.4 : �sŽnnŽfran Žn masan d ŽkŽnni nasan :

5.4.1 : �sŽnnŽfran Žn masan :

Amasa afa d࣠as wa ilan ¾iblalen da£nen wŽllen.

Harwa amasa ofa wa wŽr Žhenat tŽwŽkkawen wala ¾iwŽrna wen.

5.4.2 : ŽkŽnni Žn masan :

�kŽnni Žn masan wŽr imos, ar a d࣠san agu awedam imŽglan Žn tŽwŽkkawen made ŽssŽbaban iyyad.

Amagal wen wŽr infa tŽkwen kul eges ifannaz tanat wŽllen.

�mmŽk n ŽkŽnni Žn masan :

- Ad in£Žl amedam 10 kilawtan n amasa d࣠Ž£Žzu maqqaran

- Agas awedam arat n ŽsŽbdŽg s aman

- DŽffrawen assalsu awedam I fassan I fassan net kaw¾u made alkad, I£mŽs ¾in£ar net imŽlŽlli s aganna wa ikka adu, tŽzzar issŽrti amagal d amasa net

- In£Žl aganna n Žlkad amagal fŽl amasa net, a tan ijinŽjŽrwi har agu eday n Ž¾¾in mŽntitan.

- Agu harwa wa n Žssin agas awenda

Amasa, ifrad ad imbŽl amazay wenda made£ ansu har agu adan.

Arat wa ¾ihor a tu nagu dŽffŽr igi n amagal dŽffŽr igi n amagal, ihor Žd n Ž¾¾irŽd I fassaw nana s Žssabu.

Ihor harwa ad nŽrbŽz kaw¾utan made ilkadan win n Žga I fassan nana, Žd kassan win Žs n Žs£al. Ikassan winden iljam ana a tan n agu win n amagal £as.

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�hoto 7 : Igi n amagal d࣠amasa

5.5 : IsŽnbal :

Inazzan Žn masan �zŽl made tamert �mmŽk n anabal �nŽmŽggad �n tŽkuruku

anabal wan Ž¾¾in

15 har 20 Žn kilaw a du tiwasannafra frannen i ektar kul

Akonat wan azzaran made nan Ž¾¾in a ewad 15 har 20 Žn mm fŽl geffaw Ca£ goram kuda iswa amadal wŽllen

Šikuruten 0,80 x 0,30 m (42000 envan) d࣠gorasan. 1 m x 0,50 m (20000 en wan fŽl gefan)

8 har 10 adan dŽffŽr anabal azzaran

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�hoto 8 : IsŽnbal n abora 5.6 : �¾¾Ž£Žlan n aggaz

5.6.1 : Agayak

- Agayak wa azzaran : dŽffŽr agamad Žn sŽnbal - Agayak wan n Ž¾¾in : dŽffŽr wa azzaran - May maytan kud ilan ŽddŽlil.

Agayak itaggu Žs kalmi, tagamsak, made ma¾inaten ¾in azzaman.

�hoto 9 : Agayak n abora

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5.6.2: Afanaz

Afanaz £ur agayak wa azzaran ad itagg made dŽffŽr Žs. Anu kul ihor ad tŽhanat karadat tŽsŽqta. A fanaz imos infan isŽnbal wallen, blas isar£as tadwala nasan.

�hoto 10 : Afanaz n abora 5.6.3 : Igi Žn taki tan azzaman :

100 Žn kilaw Žn taki tan azzaman ta s itawannu ire as ihor ad tŽn£Žl fŽl aket ektar – takiten, d ŽffŽr afanaz made £ur ŽgŽzzi Žn sŽnbal ad ihor ad tŽn£Žl d࣠sŽgyak – taki ten 10 cm Žn sŽnbal a tŽtaggaz, dŽffŽr awen busziwŽz Žs kalmi.

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�hoto 11 : �sŽnsi Žn taki tan ire d࣠10 cm Žn sŽnbal.

�hoto 12 : �zŽwŽzwŽzi Žn taki Žn kalmi

�hoto 13 : Tawagost d ŽffŽr ŽwŽziwŽz Žn taki

5.6.4 : Allay d aggaz Abora Žfus as itamalay. D ŽffŽr awen ¾ibolasen akkam¾atnat d࣠tadangot Žn talaq made ehan n agabal. �ssŽbaban n abora Žd tŽhŽllant dŽr – san ŽssŽbaban n abora Žd t ŽwŽrnawen net Žhan fotaw wan 14.

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Sikadel : Žmagzar n abora d࣠gorasan

Sikadel iji a imos ikmlan abora wŽllen d࣠akal wan tawa. Iji wen, ¾ikakaten a itaggu fŽl abora, tŽzzar assal senal arat iyyan mallan. Sikadel itaggu 100 Žn tŽkikit d࣠Žssa adan. Šikakalen ¾in den as ŽbbŽqqatnat a tanat d ŽgmŽdan Jan, tŽzzar ŽkkŽsan d࣠abora edag wa dà£. As teha tŽnfa.

�hoto 14 : Ijan win sitawannu sikadeltan, ¾ikakaten nasan, Žd lamta£an n abora wa Žq¾adan.

A = Ijan win ¾itawannu sikadel

B = Šikakalen Žn sikadel Žwarnen

Alamta£ ilsenat arat iyyan mallan

C = Sikadel wa maqqaran

D = Ilamta£an n abora tŽq¾ad

TŽwŽrna Žn jan win ¾itawannu sikadeltan

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Tableau wan 1 : �ssŽbaban n abora Žd tŽbŽllant dŽr – san

�ssŽban / tŽkmawen tŽbbŽlan Iban tadwala Žn sŽnbal �sŽqqŽd Žn tajjargant Žd anabal n amasa

immignen Imudaran n amadal (tayttoft, tamaday...) Igi n amagal d࣠masan

Imat¾an n agabal �sŽqqŽd n agabal made ŽsŽ£Žr net d ŽffŽr

allay Ijwalan

Fazon

igŽdad Aggaz, allay n arat wa ihan tarrayt Žn tanannay

Yelatan iyyad

Abaraz, agayak £ur alwaq wa ihoran

Tableau wan 2 : ŠimŽ£utar Žn sŽnbal Žd mŽglan nasnat

TŽkmawen Amagal

Iban Žn tadwala Žn sŽnbal. �sŽqqŽd Žn tajjarganen, imasan n ŽlŽsŽl, igi n amagal d࣠masan.

Imudaran n amadal Abaraz, igi n amagal d࣠masan

Imudaran (taylaten, kuragaytan…) Igi n amagal d࣠masan

Mildiyu Igi n amagal d࣠masan ŽsŽnnŽfran Žn masan, ikus Žn abalay wa irinan.

Imat¾an n agabal �sŽqqŽd Žn tajjarganen

igŽdad Aggaz, allay dat alwaq

Yelatan iyyad Abaraz dat anabal agayak.