A D D S O N A

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS

A N D

POPULAR D ESCR I PT IONé

PLANTS

VOLUM E 3

1918

PUBLISHED BY

THE N EW YO RK BOTAN ICAL GAR D EN

(ADD ISO N B ROW N FU N D )

CONTENTS

Part 1

M AR CH 30, 1 91 8

Aronia atropurpureaAster N ovae-AngliaeGymnocalycium multiflorumGymnocalycium M ostii

Euonymus alataDiospyros VirginianaR padena marginataMaackia amurensis BuergeriHibiscus oculiroseusCornus Ofii cinalisOpuntia lasiacantha

Part 2

JUNE 29, 1 918

Cotoneaster SimonsiiEcheveria nodulosaHelianthus orgyalisSymphoricarpos albus laevigatusSinningia speciosaStylophorum diphyllumAronia arbutifoliaHamamelis j aponicaHibiscus MoscheutosSobralia sessilis

Part 3

30, 1 91 8

Cornus M as

Solidago squarrosaCallicarpa japonica .

Aster laevisOpuntia OpuntiaI lex serrata argutidensOthonna crassifolia .

Magnolia KobusCrassula portulacea.Viburnum prunifolium

iv

Part 4

D ECEMBER 31 , 191 8

Symphori carpos Symphon’

carpos

Spiraea Thunbergi iCoreopsis LeavenworthiiEchinacea purpureaLantana depressaI lex vertici llataViorna Baldwinu

Jussiaea peruvianaSalvia farinaceaDianthera crassifoliaI ndex

AD D I SONI A

P LAT E 8 1ADD IS O N IA

AR O N IA A T R O P U R P U R E A

ADD I SON I A 1

(Plate 81 )

ARONI A ATROPURPUREA

Purple-fruited Choke-berry

N atz’

ve of eastern N orth America

Family MALACEAE APPLE Family

Arom’

a atropurpurea Britton, M anual 5 1 7 . 1 901 .

Pyrus arbutifolz'

a atropurpurea R obinson , Rhodora 1 0 : 33. 1 908.

Pyrus atropurpurea L. H . Bailey, Rhodora 1 8 : 1 54, 1 91 6 .

An irregularly branching shrub, reaching a maximum height ofabout twelve feet, usually lower, commonly about seven feet high .

The young twigs are slender ; the bark of old stems is smooth anddark grey . The winter-buds are narrow, sharp-pointed

,and about

one quarter of an inch long . The leaves unfold in early spring and

fall in late autumn ; the blades are oval to obovate , from one inch tothree inches long, about one inch wide or less, pinnately veined, finelyand rather sharply toothed, moderately thin in texture ; the apex iseither acute or blunt, the base narrowed, and the petiole is muchshorter than the blade, seldom over one quarter of an inch in length ;the upper surface of the blade is dull green and smooth or nearly so,the midvein bearing small glands ; the lower surface is persistentlywhitish-woolly ; the small , narrow stipules fall away very soon afterthe leaves unfold . The flowers are borne in terminal, more or lesscompound, woolly cymes, and open, according to latitude, in April,May, or June, soon after the leaves unfold ; their pedi cels are shortand woolly. The small, urn-shaped, woolly calyx has five acutelobes which are glandless or bear a few glands ; there are five, obovate,obtuse, concave, spreading whi te petals one sixth to one quarter ofan inch long . The numerous stamens are much shorter than thepetals, with fil iform filaments and very small anthers .This shrub inhabits wet woods and thickets in eastern N orth

America, ranging from eastern Canada to Ontario, Michigan, andsouthward to Virginia, perhaps to Florida . I t grows readily whenplanted in dry ground, even with full exposure to the sun , but doesnot become as tall under these condi tions as when in its more naturalhabitat of wet thickets ; it is attractive and interesting both in flowerand in frui t .The genus Arom

'

a , established by Medicus in 1 789 (Phil . Bot .is composed of but three species, all natives of eastern N orth Americaand closely related to each other . The typical species is Arom

'

a

arbutifolz’

a, the red choke-berry, which , like A . atropurpurea, haswoolly under leaf-surfaces, but its fruit is bright red and onlyabout a quarter of an inch in diameter, and its flowers have very

2 ADD I SON I A

glandular calyx-lobes ; with us, the red choke-berry does not succeedwell in cultivation in the open , seldom becoming over four feet high,and not appearing anything like as vigorous as A . atropurpureawhen growing alongside of it ; the red fruits persist on the shrub wellinto the winter . The third species , Arom

'

a melanocarpa,the black

choke-berry, difl'

ers from both the others in having glabrous leaves,twigs, and cymes , and its black or nearly black frui t, a quarter to athird of an inch in diameter, falls in the autumn ; its stems andbranches are nearly straight and upright .The foregoing observations upon these shrubs have been madefrom plants in the fruticetum of the N ew York Botanical Garden .

The plants from which our illustrations were Obtained were grownfrom seed collected on Staten I sland, N ew York, in 1 896 , near thetype locality at Tottenvi lle .

N . L. BRI TTON .

EXPLANATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . l .

—Fruiting branch . Fig. 2.

—Floweringbranch .

A S T ER N O VA E -AN G L IA E

ADD IS O N IA

ADD I SONI A 3

(Plate 82)

ASTER NOVAE-ANGLI AE

N ew England Aster

N ative of the eastern and middle United States and Canada

Family CARDUACEAE THI STLE Family

AsterN ovae-Angliae L. Sp . P l. 875 . 1 753.

A stout, tall, large representative of the genus, sometimes growingto a height of six or eight feet . The stiff robust stems are roughhispid, more or less corymbosely branched above and conspicuouslyleafy throughout . The rough-pubescent leaves are entire-margined,up to five inches long and an inch wide, lanceolate-cordate in shape,and clasp the stem and branches wi th their cordate or auriculatebases . The flower-heads are clustered at the ends of the branches .The involucre is green, pubescent, and more or less glandular andviscid . The rays, forty to fif ty in each flower-head, are a half tonearly three quarters of an inch long, normally purple or violetcolored, rarely pink, red, or whi te.

Thi s is one of the commonest of the two hundred and fifty or morerecognized species of the genus Aster, of which about one hundredand fifty are native to N orth America . I ts range may be roughlydesignated as within the region lying south from Quebec and Saskatchewan, east from Colorado, and north from Alabama and SouthCarolina . I t grows in both dry and wet locations, and is usually aconspicuous floral feature of late summer and early autumn, especiallyalong roadsides, fences, and borders of woods . For interior decorative purposes it is disappointing, as, unl ike most of the blue andpurple as ters, it is sensitive to handling and Wilts very quickly.

Except for the red and white color-forms, the species does not varyfrom the normal type, and there is no difficulty in recognizing it, andno possibility of confusing it with any other.

ARTHUR HOLLI GE .

EXPLANATI ON OF PLATE. Fig. l .—Flowering stem. Fig . 2.—I nvolucre, X2.

A . GY M N O C A LY C I U M M U LT I FLO R U M

B . GY M N OC A LY C I UM M O ST I I

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

6 ADD I SONI A

the tubercles are rounded, with a small sharp chin below the spinecluster ; the small areoles are circular ; the browni sh spines are slenderand subulate, the seven to nine radial ones spreading, the centralone solitary . The flowers are central, bell- shaped, about three incheslong

,pale red to pinkish white ; the scales on the calyx-tube are few .

The plant here illustrated is a small one collected by J . N . Rose atCassaflousth, Cordoba, Argentina, in 1 91 5 , which flowered in theN ew York Botani cal Garden , June 1 6 , 1 91 7 . I ts native habitat ison dry hills under low bushes .The genus Gymnocalycium, to which the two species here illus

trated belong, appeared first in the catalogue of A . Schelhase’

s gardenat Kassel in 1 843, but was not formally published until 1 845 whenPfeifl

'

er referred to it three species ; the following year he illustratedone of these . Although Dr. Ludwig Pfeifler was the most distinguished cactologist of hi s time, this genus has heretofore not beenaccepted, nor have the species of which it is composed ever beenbrought together even as a sub -genus . Schumann has treated thespecies known to him in his subtribe N otocactns, but in thi s tribe hehas included other species which are not closely related to Gymnocalyciam. The genus has no close relatives in South America, being veryunlike M alacocarpns and D iscocarpns of that region . I n its flowersit resembles some of the Mexican species referred to E chinocactus ,but is very unlike the true species of that genus .The species of Gymnocalycium are among the most satisfactory cacti

for greenhouse cultivation , for they grow well under glass and frequently flower . They are day bloomers and the flowers last forseveral days . The genus contains about twenty-three species, andis confined to southern South America east of the Andes . Bolivia,Paraguay, and Uruguay, have each two or three species, the re

mainder being found in the plains and mountain valleys of Argentina .

Most of them are small, usually simple plants, but sometimes theyare cespitose, with few broad somewhat tubercled ribs . The flowersare central or rarely lateral, with a more or less definite tube, bearinga few scattered broad scales, and these always naked in their axils ;the seeds are dome-shaped and tuberculate .

J . N . ROSE .

EXPLAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . 1 .

-Flowering plant. Fig. 2.—Portion of a

rib, showing an areole and a cluster of spines .

P LA T E 8 4A D D I S O N IA

E. Ea im

E U O N YM US A LATA

ADD I SONI A 7

(Plate 84)

EHONYM US ALATA

Winged Euonymus

N ative of eastern temperate Asia

Family CELASTRAcEAE STAFF-TREE Family

!Celastrus striatus Thunb . Fl . Jap . 98. 1 784.

Celastrus alatus Thunb . Fl . Jap . 98. 1 784.

Euonymus Thunbergiana B lume, B ijd . Fl . N ed. I nd. 1 1 47 . 1 826 .

Euonymus alata Thunb . ; R egel, M em . Acad. St .

-Pétersb . VI I . 44 : 42 . 1 86 1 .

A handsome shrub , dense in habit and freely branch ing, withattractive foliage, turning rich crimson in autumn , and with numerousflowers in the summer, followed in the fall by a profusion of brightred fruits whi ch persist for a long time . The branches are ascending,with four prominent corky dark- colored wings, which are

'

especiallyconspicuous during the winter when the foliage ls gone . At flower

ing time the glabrous growths of the year rarely have these wings,but they are usually developed with the maturing of the fruit . Theleaves are opposite, on stalks an eighth of an inch long or less, ellipticto obovate

,abruptly acuminate, glabrous, a little paler beneath ,

they measure an inch to two inches long and up to an inch wide, andtheir margi ns are rather closely and finely serrate . The flowers, thegeneral appearance of whi ch 13 a yellowish-greer

_

1 , are from one thirdto one half an inch in diameter, and are borne, usually in threes, maxillary cymes ; the parts are in fours . The sepals are very short,much broader than long . The petals are orbicular or nearly so, aneighth of an inch long or a little more, obtuse or sometimes ratherapiculate ; their margins are entire or somewhat crenulate . Thestamens are very short, inserted on a disk . The style 1 s very short .The purplish capsul e 1 s often of a single carpel, or sometimes of two tofour carpels, in which case one or more are commonly abortive ; thedehiscing carpel discloses a bright orange—red aril whi ch encloses abrown seed, or rarely two seeds .

Thi s, one of the best of all our decorative shrubs, grows native inJapan, Manchuria, the Amur region, and in north and central China .

I t is one of the shrubs easy to grow, accommodating itself readily toits surroundings, and is a thing of beauty in summer and winter .I ts cri sp fresh foliage gives it a dainty appearance in the month ofMay, when its flowers usually appear . As the season advances theleaves become of a grayer hue, and in the autumn turn to a richcrimson, whi ch, with the bright orange-red of the exposed arils , makesit one of the most conspicuous shrubs of that season . As the leavesfall the bright red fruit appears even more conspicuous, and the

8 ADD I SON I A

corky wings , of a brown color, become more evident, adding a curiousas well as attractive touch not seen in other shrubs . I tmay be rea dilypropagated from seeds . The illustration was prepared from a bushwhich has been in the collections of the N ew York Botanical Gardensince 1 905 .

The genus Euonymus contains about one hundred and twentyknown species, distributed in the northern hemisphere . mainly in thecentral and eastern portions of Asia , with a few in southern Asia andAustralia ; in the United States there are but five or six species .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LANAT I ON OF.

P LATE . Fig . 1 .—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2 .

-Seed, X 2 .

Fig . 3.

—Part of a flowering branch . Fig . 4 .

—Flower, X 4.

P LAT E 8 5A D D IS O N I A

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 0 ADD I SON IA

Mexico . The plant thrives equally well from near sea level to severalthousand feet altitude , and grows both on dry hillsides and in swamps .

However , it prefers moderately moist soil , growing both in woodsand in the Open , where , especially in old fields, it often forms thicketsas a result of its stoloniferous habit . The persimmon grows naturallyin the vi cinity of the N ew York Botanical Garden . The accompanying illustration was made from trees planted in the Garden .

The common persimmon , also known popularly as date-plum,

possum -wood,and ’

simmon , has some relatives in the West I ndies,but the genus is most abundantly developed in Asia, where the heartwood of several species furnishes the well-known ebony of commerce .The history of the persimmon begins in the earlier part of the century following the discovery of the N ew World , and the tree wasintroduced into European gardens in the earlier part of the seventeenthcentury, if not previous to it . I t was apparently first mentioned inprin t about the middle of the sixteenth century in an account of DeSoto’s expedition in Florida, and after that there appeared numerousdescriptions of the persimmon in European li terature .

On account of its beauty and adaptabili ty to various soils, and alsobecause of its resistance to disease and immunity from di sfiguringinsects, the persimmon is a tree desirable for ornament . The deepgreen glossy leaves make it conspicuous in the summer, whi le theorange-colored fruits , especially at the north,addmuch color in the fall ,The early Spanish expedi tioners in Florida became acquaintedwith the persimmon through the I ndians, who used both the freshand dried fruits as food . Since then it has remained a source of foodfor both the whi te man and the negro, and its deserved popularityhas carried it into proverbs and poetry.

The bark and the wood are useful as well as the fruits . The latterare well known on account of the tannin they contain when green .

At maturity this disappears, and so much sugar develops that thefruits decay very slowly, if at all . They sometimes hang on the treesall through the winter ; thus partly dried, when foods are scarce, theyconstitute a temptation and a decoy for various wild animals whenman is in search of animal food or “ sport .” M an and also domesticanimals are fond of the fruits ; but the natural supply is not conservedas it should be, nor is the tree cultivated to the extent its ornamentaland economic possibili ties demand . JOHN K . SMALL.

EXP LAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . 1 .

—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2 .—Seed . Fig

3.fl Staminate flowers . Fig . 4 .

—Portion Of staminate flower, showing stamens .

X 3. Fig . 5 .

—P istillate flower. Fig . 6 .

—Portion of pistillate flower, showingpistil and rudimentary stamen,

X 3.

AD D I SON I A 1 1

(Plate 86)

LEPADENA M ARGI NATA

Snow-ou-the-mountain

N ative of the central and western United States

Family EUPHORB I A CEAE SPURGE Family

Euphorbia marginata Pursh, Fl . Am . Sept. 607 . 1 81 4.

Euphorbia leucoloma R af . Atl . Jour. 1 77 . 1 833.

Lepadena leucoloma R af. Fl . Tell. 4 : 1 1 4 . 1 838.

D ichrophyllnrn marginaturn Klotz sch Garc’

ke, M onatsber . Akad . Berlin 1 859

249. 1 859.

Lepadena marginata N ieuwl . Am . M idland N at . 2 : 300 . 1 91 2.

An annual herb , one to three feet high, with a milky, acrid juice .

The stems are erect, green , hairy, and branched above to form a

three-rayed, dichotomous umbel . The leaves are various, sessile,glabrous , ovate or oblong, and entire, except for an occasional lobingof the lower ones . The lower stem-leaves are alternate and scattered ,

green or somewhat variegated, one to four inches long and about aninch wide, and are usually subtended by narrow, deciduous stipules .A whorl of three ormore leaves subtends the inflorescence, and manyshowy bract-like leaves, bluish-green with wide margins of white,subtend the flower- clusters . On slender hairy peduncles are the

campanulate involucres, which are hairy without and within ; thesehave five fimbriate , inconspicuous lobes , attached alternately withwhich are the glands, usually five in number ; these are green, concave, peltate, an eighth of an inch in diameter, and have white,petal-like ren iform appendages about twice their size . The trueflowers, enclosed by the involucre, are a single exserted pistillate onewith a three- lobed, three-celled ovary on a long stalk, and threestyles, each with two recurved stigmas thi s surrounded by numerousstaminate flowers with short filaments and yellowish anthers . The

calyces are very much reduced . The three- lobed capsules are pilose,one fourth of an inch in diameter ; the three carpels separate elasticallyfrom a persistent axis, each carpel containing a roundish, pitted, grayseed .

This spurge was first described by Pursh in 1 814, from a specimenin the herbarium of Captain M . Lewis, which had been collected nearthe Yellowstone River on July 28, 1 806, during the return trip of theLewis and Clarke Expedi tion . Euphorbia marginata was one of thehundred or more plants described by Pursh from Captain Lewis’

collection . R afinesque, in his Flora Telluriana ( 1 838) gave the nameLepadena to his older Euphorbia lencoloma, and in 1 859 our specieswas designated D ichrophyllnrn marginatum by Klotz sch and Garcke,

1 2 ADD I SON I A

both new generic names resul ting from the spli tting up of the largegenus Euphorbia .

Soon after its discovery thi s plant was introduced to cultivation inEngland . Our illustration was made from a specimen from the flowerborders of the N ew York Botanical Garden . The snow-on-themountain is a common garden annual , grown for its showy whitemargined upper leaves . The flowers are inconspicuous, but interestingin structure . A related annual flower of our gardens is P oinsettialzeierophylla , with red color on the upper leaves . This is sometimescalled in contrast fire-ou- the-mountain .

”

I t is a hardy annual, the self- sown seeds germinating the followingspring . I t may also be propagated readily by seeds, sown in thespring under glass or in the open ground .

KEN N ETH R . BOYN TON .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

—Flowering stem . Fig . 2 .

—I nvolucre, X 4.

Fig . 3.

— Fruit, X 3. Fig . 4 .—Seed, X 3.

P LAT EA D D IS O N I A

M A AC K I A A M U R E N S I S B U E RG E R I

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 4 ADD I SON I A

to maturity . I t is from this late-flowering form that the illustrationhas been prepared . Propagation is eflected by means of seeds, sownin the spring, or by root-grafting .

The genus M aackia , the representative in eastern Asia of Cladrastisin the eastern part of the United States , contains two or three species .M aa ckz

’

a amurensis is a native of Manchuria , and differs from this inhaving the leaves glabrous . The variety Buergeri , possibly specifi

cally di stinct, is confined to Japan . Another Japanese species is theshrubby M aackia Tashiroi .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 .

—Flower, X 2 .

Fig . 3.

— Flower, calyx removed, X 2 . Fig . 4.

—Flower, the calyx, wings , and

keel removed, X 2 . Fig . 5 .

—Kee1, x 2 . Fig . 6—Wing, X 2 . Fig . 7 .

-Pod .

H I B I S C US O C U L I R O S E US

ADD I SON I A 1 5

(Plate 88)

I -I I BI SCUS OCULI ROSEUS

Crimson-eye Rose M allow

N ative of the eastern United States, especially N ew j ersey

Family M ALVAcEAE M ALLow Family

Hibiscus ocnliroseus Britton, Jour. N . Y . Bot . Gard. 4 : 220. 1 903.

A perennial herb usually five or six feet tall , with numerous canelike stems . The leaves are ovate or ovate- lanceolate, obtuse orslightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex , palmately veined ,dentate or slightly crenate, densely but finely white stellate-pubescent beneath, and green and slightly pube scent above . The bladesof the largest leaves attain as much as seven inches in length and are

somewhat three- lobed . The flowers are conspicuous, often with aspread of six inches, and clustered on branches arising from severalof the upper nodes of the several main stems . The petioles andpeduncles are often adnate to each other. The corolla-lobes are palesea-foam yellow, almost white, with an eye of a Tyrian rose Ecolorwhich is a rather intense shade of red . The calyx- lobes are triangular-lanceolate ; the bractlets are linear, shorter than the calyx and

somewhat spreading . The stamens are of unequal length, those nearthe base of the c olumn being shorter than those above . The pollenis white with a faint suggestion of sea- foam yellow . The stylebranches are spreading, but not strongly recurving, and only slightlyexpanding into stigmatic surfaces . The mature capsule is ovoidconic, long-pointed, and five-valved . The seeds are reniform and

glabrous .Two living plants of this species were obtained at Absecon, N ew

Jersey, by William F . Bassett, a nurseryman of Hammonton, N ew

Jersey, about the year 1 880 . I n Mr . Bassett’s words,‘a great many

thousands ” of plants descended from these two plants were raisedfrom seed and sold to the trade under the popular name of crimsoneyed mallow, with the designation of Hibi scus M oschentos var .albns . A single plant from this source was obtained by the N ewYork Botanical Garden in the year 1 896 . I n 1 903, Dr . N . L. Brittonrecognized several striking di agnostic characters and gave it the specific rank noted above .Pedigreed cultures have been grown at the N ew York Botanical

Garden for several generations of descent from the type plant .Some lines of descent have bred remarkably true ; others have showna tendency to vary, giving decreased intensity of color in the eye areaand developing diffuse pale pink colors in the blades .

1 6 AD D I SON I A

Thi s species crosses readily with different forms and varieties ofHibiscus Al oscheutos . The second generation of such hybrids breaksup into almost every conceivable grade of variation in regard to eyeand blade colorations and to characters of stigmas, stamens, and pods .Duplicates of many if not all grades of these hybrids may be foundgrowing wild, which contribute much to confusion in the identificationof the species .

The writer has found plants, agreeing with the type of the species,growing as far north as Rockaway Beach, Long I sland . P lants thatappear to conform closely to type were found to be abundant alongthe Tuckahoe River and Cedar Creek near their junction : here purestands of the plants in number were found growing over an area ofconsiderable siz e . The geographi c distribution of this species isnot fully determined at the present time, but it is clearly much morelimited in range than is the principal form of Hibiscus M oschentos .

Besides being cultivated rather extensively for their horticulturalvalue, plants of thi s species have been utilized in hybridization withothers by various horticultural firms in the production of novelties .

A . B . STOUT.

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 . - Flowering stern. Fig . 2 .—Emit. Fig.

3.4 ccd, X 3.

P LA T E 8 9

C O R N US O FF I C I N A L I S

A D D I S O N I A

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 8 ADD I SONI A

only a small one, there are about thi rty-five known species . Relatedgenera are Benthamic and Cynoxylon , both with large showy involucres , the former an Asiatic genus of a single species, illustrated atplate 43 of thi s work, the latter of two species , both natives of theUnited States. These genera are by some considered a part ofCornns .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LAN AT I ON OF P LATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 .—Flower, x 4.

Fig . 3.

—Fruiting branch . Fig . 4 .

—Leaf, showing masses of brown hairs in the

axils of the lower surface.

P LAT E 9 0A D D IS O N IA

ADD I SON I A 1 9

(Plate 90)

OPUNTI A LASI ACANTHA

SlenderWhite-spined Prickly Pear

N ative of central and southern M exico

Family CACTACEAE CA CTUS Family

Opuntia lasiacantha P feifi’

er, Enum . Cact . 1 60. 1 837.

Opuntia megacantha lasiacantha Berger, Bot . Jahrb . 36 : 453. 1 905 .

!0puntia chaetocarpa Grifli ths , Proc. Biol . Soc . Wash . 27 : 25 . 1 91 4.

A large and much-branched cactus, six feet high or higher, thelower, trunk-like part sometimes becoming eight inches thick . Thejoints are flat, dull-green , about a foot long or less, often eight incheswide, and scarcely half an inch thick ; the areoles are small and cir

cular, mostly an inch or more apart ; the leaves are minute, reddish,awl-shaped, and fall away early . There are from one to four needlelike spines at most of the younger areoles, which diverge from thejoints at rather wide angles ; the spines are white, with somewhatbrown or blackish tips, and they are about two inches long or less,one of them usually much longer than the others ; old areoles developmore numerous spines, sometimes as many as fifteen , and they fadegrey ; the glochi ds are yellowish to brown and form a tuft at the upperpart of each areole, just above the spines, when young about oneeighth of an inch long, but twice that length when old . The flowersappear singly at areoles on the edges of the joints near the top ; theovary is obovoid, nearly one inch long, and rather more than half aninch thick ; the sepals are about half an inch long, ovate and pointed ;the spreading petals are about fifteen in number and from one inchto one and a half inches in length, obovate, variously pointed,rounded or notched at the apex, and narrowed or wedge-shaped atthe base ; in color they are described as yellow or orange on diff erentplants, in thi s color-difference agreeing with several other species ofOpuntia; the numerous yellow stamens are less than half as long as

the petals ; the style is pink and the stigma-lobes green . The fruitis a globose-obovoid, red berry, nearly two inches long, with a deeplysunken top, its areoles bearing a tuft of short glochids and an occasioual bristle .This cactus appears to have a wide range in the dry parts of centraland southern Mexico ; it is a member of the group of white-spinedprickly pears (tunas) yielding edible fruits which are important asfood in Mexico and are exported ; the fruit of O. lasiacantha is, however, not of the best quality. Many races of this group of pricklypears are cultivated for their fruits and have thus been crudely selected ; their botanical classification is very difficult and it is perhapsimpossible to define accurately the really wild species .

20 ADD I SON I A

As understood by me, Opuntia lasiacantha has its cl osest relativein Opuntia megacantha , also native Of Mexico, which differs from itin having larger join ts , longer and stouter spines, and larger fruit ;perhaps these differences are neither constant enough nor suflicientto constitute specific distinctness .

The plant from which our illustration was painted was collected byJ . N . Rose in 1 906, near the City of Mexico ; it has flowered frequently at the N ew York Botanical Garden , and cuttings from it haveyielded several large specimens .

N . L. BRI TTON .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

AN NOUNCEM ENT

A bequest made to the N ew York Botanical Garden by its latePresident, Judge Addison Brown , established the

ADD ISON BROW N FUN D

the income and accumulations from which shall be applied'

to the

founding and publi cation, as soon as practicable, and to themaintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor) , of a high-classmagazine bearing my

' name, devoted exclusively to the illustrationby colored plates of the plants of the Uni ted States and its territot ial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden orits conservatories ; wi th suitable descri ptions in popular language ,and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statementof the known properties and uses of ‘

the plants illustrated .

”

The preparation and publication of the work have been referredto D r. John H . Barnhart , B ibliographer, and M r. George V. N ash ,Head Gardener

AD D I SON I A is'

published as a quarterly magazine, inM arch, June,September, and December . Each part consists of ten colored plateswith accompanying letterpress . The subscri ption price is $ 1 0annually, four parts constituting a volume . The parts will notbe sold separately .

Address

THE N EW YORK BOTAN ICAL GARD EN

BRO NX PARK

N EW YORK C ITY

Subscribers are“

advised to bind each volume of AD D I SON I A as

completed, in order to avoid possible loss ormisplacement of thepin ts ;nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 and 2 hasbeen made up into complete volumes, and but few separatep artscan be suppli ed . N ew subscriptions wi ll be accepted only as includ

ing thefirst volumes .

9 1

C O TO N EA ST E R S I M O N S I I

A D D I S O N I A

AD D I SON I A 2 1

(Plate 91 )

COTONEASTER SI M ONSI I

Simons’Cotoneaster

N ative of the temperate Himalayan Region

Family POM ACEAE APPLE Family

Cotoneaster Simonsn Baker, in Saund . Ref. Bot . pl. 55 . 1 869.

A shrub of rather open habit, with spreading branches, roundishleaves , white flowers marked with bright rose, and bright red fruit .The Older branches are of a dark purple or purplish gray, and

rather sparingly pubescent ; the pubescent new growths are usuallyof a yellowish brown . The leaves, in clusters of two to four onshort lateral branches, are broadly oval to nearly orbicular, roundedor somewhat wedge- shaped at the base , abruptly sharp -pointed at

the apex, and are a half inch to an inch long, and a half inch or alittle more wide ; they are of firm texture, appressed-hairy, thehairs fewer at fruiting time . The small cymes , terminating thelateral branches, have two to four flowers , rarely a single flower,about a quarter of an inch long ; the globose hypanthium andspreading calyx are appressed-pubescent, forming together a bellshaped body ; the five sepals are ovate, acutish ; the five petals areerect, white with rose markings, ovate, obtuse or acutish . Thefruit is bright red, broadly obovoid, and three eighths to a halfinch long .

A fine shrub , native of the temperate regions of Khasia andSikkim in the Himalayas . I t is one of the best of the red-fruitedshrubs, a worthy addition to any collection . I t is Open in habit,wi th wand-like branches, bearing in June little clusters of white androse flowers ; these later mature into the brightest of fruits , whichpersist for some time . I t was introduced into cultivation before1 869, when it was first described from specimens secured at anursery in Weymouth, England . The illustration was made froma specimen which has been in the collections of the N ew YorkBotanical Garden since 1 897 . This shrub may be propagated byseeds sown or stratified in the fall, or by grafting .

This is one of about forty species which comprise the genusCotoneaster, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of Europeand Asia, with a few in northern A frica ; curiously enough noneare known from Japan . The fruit is red or black, the former ofcourse being much preferred on account of its greater attractiveness .

2 2 AD D I SON I A

The members Of this genus will grow in any ordinary soil , but theyare not fond of very moist or shady locations .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . l .—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2 .

—Floweringbranch . Fig . 3.

— Flower, X 4

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 9 3

A D D I S O N I A

AD D I SON I A 25

(Plate 93)

HELI ANTHUS ORGYALI S

Linear-leaved Sunflower

N ative of south-central and western United States

Family CARD UACEAE TH I STLE Family

Helianthus orgyalis D C . Prodr. 5 : 586. 1 836 .

A tall perennial herb , from widely spreading rootstocks . The leafystems are glabrous, somewhat glaucous , striate, slender but strong,six to ten feet high and much branched above . The leaves arealternate, sessile, linear, acuminate, with a few scattered shallowteeth ; they are less than one half inch wide and up to eight incheslong

,recurved and drooping, and rough with pointed papillae,

especially on the lower surfaces . The branching inflorescence bearsmany heads of flowers, which are about two inches across, theneutral ray-flowers being very conspicuous, ten or more in number,with ligules an inch long, a half inch wide, and rich yellow in color .The disks are small, dark brown or purple, made up of severalperfect, fertile flowers with yellow tubes swollen near the base, andfour or five brownish spreading lobes surrounding the erect brownanthers and a prominent, two-parted yellow style . The heads aresurrounded by involucres of bracts in many series ; these arespreading, lanceolate to subulate, squarrose and with ciliate margins .The receptacles are convex, with laciniate-toothed chafl . Theachenes are four—sided, truncate, with a pappus of a few scales .This sunflower was first described by D eCandolle from a culti

vated Specimen in the botanic garden at Geneva, said to havebeen grown from seed sent from Arkansas Territory by M . dePourtales . I t grows naturally on the dry plains from N ebraska toTexas and westward . With the graceful habit of a Coreopsis , ithas none of the coarseness of many of the sunflowers . I ts tallslender stems, arching leaves, and many bright yellow flowersmake it one of our best perennials for the background of deepborders .P lants growing in our borders since 1 91 1 furnished the specimen

for our illustration . The blooming period here is September andOctober . Their propagation is best effected by divi sion of the rootsand their cultivation is simple .

KEN NETH R . BOYN TON .

SYM PHO R I C A R PO S A LB US LA EV IGAT US

AD D I SON I A 27

(Plate 94)

SYM PHORI CARPOS ALBUS LAEVI GATUS

Snowberry

N ative of northern N orth America

Family CAPR I FOLI A CEAE HON EYSU CKLE Family

Symphoricarpos racemosus laevigatus Fernald, Rhodora 7 : 1 67 . 1 905 .

Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus Blake, Rhodora 1 6 : 1 1 9. 1 91 4.

A shrub up to four feet tall, with erect or ascending purplish grayor gray branches, somewhat drooping glabrous branchlets , and whiteand rose flowers which are followed by snow-white fruit . Theopposite leaves, glabrous except for the ciliate margins, havepetioles less than a quarter of an inch long ; the blades are oval ornearly orbicular, obtuse at each end, up to one and a half incheslong and an inch wide, and are paler beneath . The flowers, aboutthree eighths of an inch long, are in few-flowered axillary clusterstoward the end of the branches, forming a somewhat interruptedspike ; the calyx is superior and has short lobes ; the corolla is bellshaped, about a quarter of an inch long, is somewhat swollen at thebase, pubescent within , and in color white and rose, the obtuse oracutish lobes about half the length of the corolla . There are fivestamens, which are shorter than the corolla, as is also the style .

The fruit is of a snowy whiteness, often a half inch or more indiameter .This native shrub is found from Quebec to Washington, and southin the mountains to Virginia . I t is of the easiest culture, accommodating itself to almost any environment, thriving in sun or shade ;in fact, so prone is it to Spread by means of suckers that its tendencyin this direction must be checked if other shrubs in its neighborhood are to survive . This habit of making suckers would indicateits ease of propagation, and such is the case . I t may also bepropagated by means of seeds, and by hard and green-wood cut

tings . The specimen from which the illustration was prepared hasbeen in the collections of the N ew York Botanical Garden for manyyears . This is one of the best of our shrubs on account of itshandsome white fruit, which occurs in great abundance and persistswell through the winter .Symphoricarpos is a genus of about sixteen species, all but one

natives of N orth America, where they extend as far south as Mexico,the exception being found in western China .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXPLANATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2.-Flowering

branch . Fig . 3.-Flower, X 4.

S I N N I N G I A S P EC IO SA

AD D I SON I A 29

(Plate 95)

SI N N I NGI A SPECI OSA

M aximilian’s Ligeria

N ative of Brazi l

Family GESN ER I ACEAE GESNER I A Family

Sinningia speciosa Hiern, Vidensk. M eddel . 1 877- 8 : 91 .0

1 877 .

Gloxinia speciosa Lodd . Bot . Cab . pl . 28. 1 81 7 .

Ligeria maximiliana Hanstein, in M artius, Fl. Bras . 81 : 387 . 1 864.

Stemless or nearly so . The basal leaves are often numerous,forming broad rosettes, short-petioled , the blades ovate to oblong,two to six inches long, softly pubescent on both sides, acute,obtusely crenate, bright green above, very pale beneath . Thetwo or more peduncles are strict, two to four inches long, pubescent .The five calyx- lobes are greenish, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent,one half to two thirds of an inch long ; there are five ovate glands atthebottom of the calyx—tube . The corolla is tubular, and eitherpendent or horizontal, one and one half to two inches long, somewhat curved, purple, with five broad, short, spreading or reflexedlobes .This plant comes from Eastern Brazil, where it was collected by

J . N . Rose near Cabo Frio, in the state of R io de Janeiro, August 8,1 91 5 . Several tubers were sent to the N ew York Botanical Gardenwhich have since produced flowers repeatedly and profusely . Theplant has also fruited and from the seed a number of other specimens have been obtained .

5

This species has been known in cultivation since early in thenineteenth century as Gloxinia speciosa , but it is generally acceptedthat it is not congeneric wi th the original species of that genus,namely, G. maculata . I t will however always be best known in thetrade under that name . To botanists it is now generally knownas a Sinningia although it has also passed as a species of Ligeria .

Sinningia and its related genera contain many ornamental speciesand deserve a re-study under modern taxonomic method fromliving plants preferably in some tropical garden like that at Rio deJaneiro, Brazil . Sinningia speciosa has undergone many

‘

changes

in cultivation especially as to the color, shape and size of theflowers, while a number of species in several genera described fromwild plants have been referred to it. Consequently the number ofsynonyms both for indigens and for cultigens is considerable . The

30 AD D I SON I A

plant which we have described and figured here is not typicalSinningia speciosa , but is the Ligeria maximi liana described byHanstein in 1 864, which also came from Cabo Frio, Brazil .

J . N . ROSE .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . 1 .

—Flowering plant. Fig . 2.

—D issection of

flower, showing stamens .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 9 6A D D I SO N IA

AD D I SON I A 31

(Plate 96)

STYLOPHORUM D I PHYLLUM

Celandine Poppy

N ative of central United States

Family PAPAVERA CEAE POPPY Family

Chelidonium diphyllum M ichx. Fl . Bor. Am . 1 : 309. 1 803.

Stylophorum diphyllum N utt . Gen . 2 : 7 . 1 81 8.

M econopsis diphylla D C . Syst. Veg . 2 : 88. 1 82 1 .

A perennial herb with abundant yellow sap , growing nearly twofeet high, from short rootstocks, and bearing many large yellowflowers in M ay . The stems are smooth or somewhat setose, purplishabove, especially in the inflorescence . The leaves are smooth,or somewhat hairy, glaucous beneath and dull green above ; theyare pinnatifid, with oblong, sinuate lobes . The lower leaves are

alternate and measure six inches or more in length ; the two uppermost are opposite, subtending the inflorescence, shorter, roundedand more hairy . The yellow flowers are seldom solitary, usuallyclustered, on long setose peduncles which are pendulous in bud andfruit, and measure one to two inches across . There are two roundedconcave sepals , and four obovate petals . Twenty or more stamenswith short filiform filaments and oblong orange—yellow antherssurround the base of the conspicuous green pistil , comprising anovoid one-celled ovary, a prominent style and a three-lobed stigma .

The capsule is bristly, many—seeded, and tipped with the persistentstyle .

The celandine poppy is one of several species of Stylophorum,

others being found in Chi na, Japan , and the Himalayas . I t is

found growing naturally in low woods from Pennsylvani a and Ohioto Tennessee and westward to Wisconsin and Missouri . Althoughclosely related to our blood- root and to the A siatic Hylomecon , its

nearest relative is the celandine, Chelidonium majus , which hasvery similar leaves and the same copious yellow sap . I t is distincthowever in the flower, and by its bristly, thickened capsule withpersistent style instead of a linear, smooth capsule and style almostnone .Our illustration was made from plants growing since 191 5 in the

Herbaceous Grounds, where they seem to thrive as well in the openas the celandine does . They are hardy and very floriferous inspring and early summer . The cultivation of this species appearsto be little undertaken, although it was introduced into England in

32 AD D I SON I A

1 854, and grown there to some extent . Experience with it in theN ew York Botanical Garden would seem to justify its use as aborder plant . Propagation is by seeds and division of the roots,but, like many plants of the P oppy family, transplanting is ratherdiffi cult .

KEN N ETH R . BOYN TON .

P LAT E

A R O N IA A R B UT I FO L IA

A D D IS O N I A

AD D I SON I A 33

(Plate 97)

ARON I A ARBUTI FOLI A

Red-fruited Choke-berry

N ative of eastern N orth America

Family MALA CEAE APPLE Family

M espilus arbutifolia L. Sp . P l . 478. 1 753.

Pyrus arbutifolia L. f . Suppl . 256 . 1 781 .

M espilus arbutifolia erythrocarpa M ichx. Fl . Bor. Am. 1 : 292 . 1 803.

Aronia arbutifolia Ell . Bot . S. C . 8: Ga . 1 : 556 . 1 82 1 .

A branching shrub , sometimes attaining a height of twelve feet,but usually much smaller, commonly about five feet high . Theslender young twigs are gray ; the bark of old stems nearly smoothand dark gray ; the narrow winter buds are about one quarter of aninch in length . At our latitude the leaves unfold in April and fallin late autumn ; the blades are oval , oblong or obovate, obtuse orabruptly short-tipped, narrowed or somewhat wedge-shaped at thebase, three inches long or less, the margin serrulate—crenulate, theupper surface nearly or quite smooth, the midvein bearing smallglands, the lower surface persistently white-woolly ; the petiole ismuch shorter than the blade ; the small narrow stipules are earlydeciduous . The flowers, borne in terminal compound woollycymes, are from four to six lines broad, and open in the south inMarch, in the north in May or early June . The calyx is woolly,with five acute , very glandular lobes ; the five obovate, obtuse, whiteor faintly purplish petals are nearly a quarter of an inch long . Thefruit is a short-pyriform or subglobose drupe, one third to one halfan inch in di ameter, bright red when mature, and persists on thetwigs until late autumn or early winter .The red-fruited choke-berry grows naturally in swamps, wetwoods and thickets, from N ew England to Florida , extending westto Ohio and Louisiana . I ts close relative, Aronia atropurpurea , wasdescribed and illustrated in this volume, at plate 81 .

The plant from which our illustration was made is growing in thefruticetum , N ew York Botanical Garden ; it was obtained fromMeehan Sons in 1 895 .

N . L. BR I TTON .

EXPLANATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2.

—Floweringbranch .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 9 8

M t 5 0 3 )

HA M A M E L I S J A P O N I C A

A D D I S O N I A

AD D I SON I A 35

(Plate 98)

HAM AM ELI S JAPON I CA

Japanese Witch Hazel

Family HAM AM ELI DA CEAE WI TCH-HAZEL Family

Hamamelis j aponica Sieb . Zucc. Abhandl . Akad . M uench . 4 : 1 93. 1 843.

Hamamelis arborea M asters, Gard . Chron . 35 : 1 87 . 1 874.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes attaining a height of thirtyfeet, with rather stout ascending or spreading branches which are

covered with a brown bark, the young branchlets, leaf-buds, flowerstalks, and bracts pubescent with brown hairs . The leaves, whichappear much later than the flowers, are alternate and on pubescentstalks one quarter to three eighths of an inch long . The glabrousor pubescent leaf-blades are oval to broadly ovate or obovate, oreven nearly orbicular, with the margi ns sinuately crenate, and theveins very prominent beneath ; they are from two to four incheslong and sometimes nearly as wide, with the apex acute and theinequilateral base rounded or obtuse . The flower-heads, arrangedsingly or in clusters of two or three, are subtended by orbicularbracts and are on pubescent commonly curved stalks . When spreadout the calyx is about a third of an inch across, with the ellipticobtuse lobes densely brown pubescent on the outside, glabrous andpurple wi thin . The yellow petals are narrowly linear, undulate,and a half inch to sometimes three quarters of an inch long . Thestamens are about half as long as the sepals, the anthers purplish ,the filaments yellowish . The hairy ovary is of two carpels, eachwith a slender purple style . The pubescent fruit is about a halfinch long, surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube,the carpels united nearly to the summit, the free portions formingspreading or recurved horns .This native of the mountainous woods of Japan is one of the mostattractive shrubs of our gardens . At home it flowers in Marchand April, but here it shows a tendency to break into blossom muchearlier than this ; in 1 91 6 its golden flowers appeared in Januaryon a specimen in the fruticetum collection of the N ew York Botanical Garden, and persisted well into February through a heavysnowfall , the bright blossoms forming a striking contrast with thewintery surroundings . N ot only does the early appearance of itsblossoms make it welcome, but their brightness and profusionmake it doubly so .

Whi le this Japanese plant is among the first to tell us that winteris waning, and that spring will be here ere long, its close relative,Hamameli s virginiana, a native of the eastern parts of our owncountry, is the latest to flower of our eastern shrubs, its flowersappearing late in the fall and sometimes persisting into early winter .

36 AD D I SON I A

I t is this difference in flowering period which constitutes its chiefvalue in horticulture . for botanically the differences separating thetwo species, while valid, are not marked , the most conspicuousbeing the purple color of the inside of the calyx in Hamamelis

japonica , which serves to intensify the yellow of the petals . I n

blossom both are equally conspicuous, for the Japanese plant bearsits flowers before the leaves appear , while our plant takes on itsmantle of gold after the leaves have fallen .

About 1 862 the Japanese witch hazel was introduced into cultivation by von Siebold, according to a statement made by Masters inthe Gardners’ Chronicle early in 1 874 . I t was apparently firstoffered for sale in a trade catalogue issued by Messrs . Ottolander,of Boskoop , Holland, as Hamamelis arborea, under which nameit was described by Masters . I t appears to be somewhat variableas to habit and color of flowers, and the form of more vigorousgrowth and larger flowers with a purple calyx represents what isnow called H . japonica arborea Rehder, the Hamamelis arborea ofMasters . The plant from which the illustration was prepared wassecured at the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1 901 , and has been in thecollections of the N ew York Botanical Garden since that time .

The genus Hamamelis contains four species, equally dividedbetween Asia and America . I n addi tion to the common species ofthe Uni ted States, Hamamelis virginiana, another, H . vernalis , is

known from the south central Uni ted States ; the latter blossoms

in the spring . One Asiatic species is here illustrated, the other,Hamamelis mollis, is from Central China . They thrive best in asomewhat moist soil , the Japanese species, however, doing well in adrier situation than the others, while H . virginiana flourishes notonly in shady places, its preference in the wild, but also in sunnypositions . They may be propagated from seeds, which do notgerminate until the second year, or by layering ; they may also begrafted in the spring, in the green-house, on seedlings of Hamamelis

virginiana .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 .—Flower, X 3.

Fig . 3.

—Fruit . Fig . 4 .

—Leaf .

H I B IS C US M O SC HE UTO S

A D D ISO N I A

AD D I SON I A 37

(P late 99)

HI BI SCUS MOSCHEUTOS

Swamp Rose-M allow

N ative of eastern Uni ted States

Family MALVA CEAE MALLOW Family

Hibiscus M oscheutos L. Sp . P l . 693. 1 753.

!Hibi scus palustris L. Sp . Pl . 693. 1 753.

Hibiscus opulifolius Greene, Leaflets 2 : 65 . 1 91 0 .

A perennial herb, usually five or six feet tall, with numerous canelike stems . The leaves are ovate or ovate- lanceolate, obtuse orslightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, palmatelyveined, dentate or slightly crenate, densely but finely white stellatepubescent beneath and usually only slightly pubescent above . Theblades of the largest leaves are somewhat three-lobed . The stems,petioles and veins are wi th or without red pigmentation . Thepetioles and peduncles are often adnate to each other . The calyxlobes are ovate . The corollas are large (often as much as 7 inchesin diameter) and conspicuous ; in color they range from whitethrough various shades of pink, with or without an eye which isof a darker shade than the blade . The stamens are of nearlyequal length . The pollen is either white or yellow . The stylebranches are short, spreading but not recurving, and with decidedlyexpanded stigmatic surfaces . The capsules are ovoid, about oneinch long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, and abruptly shortpointed or blunt . The seeds are reniform and glabrous .This species grows in abundance along the coastal region of theeastern United States, extending inland in scattered stations toMissouri . I t evidently reaches its greatest development in numbersin the marshes along the coast of central and southern N ew Jersey ,where its tall vigorous growth and gayly-colored, conspicuousflowers make it a noticeable and popularly well known feature of thevegetation . Here there is a medley of flower-colors, illustratingwell the polymorphism that has long been recognized in th

i

s species .Several of the forms have been found to breed true (Torreya 1 7 :

1 42—1 48) as distinct races ; numerous other races undoubtedlyexist . There wi ll probably always be some doubt as to the identity,at least in respect to flower color, of the particular American plantwhich Linnaeus included in his citations . The flower shown inthe accompanying illustration is from a cultivated plant whoseseed-parent grew wild at Hunter’s I sland in Long I sland Sound .

The type which it represents may be found in nearly all stations

38 AD D I SON I A

for the Species along the coast north of Cape May which is as farsouth as the writer has made field Observations . I n northernstations of the range (Ohio, Presque I sle in Lake Erie, and alongthe Seneca River near Weedsport and Savannah , N . Y . ) thi s is theonly form represented . This type or race appears to be the onemost widely distributed at least in the area north of Cape May .

The range of this species overlaps somewhat the ranges of severalspecies more exclusively southern and western in di stribution .

N atural hybrids between these undoubtedly exist ; certain of thesespecies have been hybridized in the production of races of horticul tural value .

A . B . STOUT .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 . —Flowering stem. Fig. 2 .

—Fruit. Fig .

3.—Seed, X3.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 0 0

S O B R A L I A S ES S I L I S

A D D I S O N I A

AD D I SON I A 39

(Plate 1 00)

SOBRALI A SESSI LI S

Sessile-flowered Sobralia

N ative of Guiana

Family OR CH I DA CEAE OR CH I D Family

Sobralia sessilis Lindl . Bot . R eg . 27 : M isc . 3. 1 847 .

Stems clustered , up to four feet tall , branched at some of theupper nodes ; these branches , developing roots, may be used inpropagating new plants . The stems, sheaths, and under surfaceof the leaf—blades are pubescent with short black spreading hairs .The leaves are alternate , narrowly elliptic to elliptic- lanceolate,narrowed to an obtuse base, the apex acute ; the undulate bladesare up to six inches long and two inches wide, and are rather promiuently seven-nerved beneath . The flowers, about two and a halfinches long and broad, are in terminal few flowered spikes, only oneflower appearing at a time, the acute bracts pubescent like the leafsheaths . The rose-colored sepals, paler beneath, are o

-blong elliptic,abruptly acute, about one and a half inches long, the lateral spreading, the dorsal ascending . The petals resemble the sepals in colorand shape, but are broader and a trifle shorter. The lip , about aslong as the petals, entirely surrounds the column ; the tube is palerbelow, darkening above into the rich rose-purple of the short limb ,whi ch 1 s undulate, crisped and irregularly toothed on the margin ;the inside of the tube i s a rich magenta . The collimn i s clubshaped, about half as long as the lip , white faintly flushed withrose . The anther is yellow .

The plant from whi ch this illustration was prepared formed partof a collection of orchids presented in 1 900 by M rs . George Such tothe N ew York Botanical Garden, where it hasflowered repeatedly .

This, one of the least conspicuous of the genus , was discovered inDemerara by Schomburgk, and flowered in the latter part of 1 840at the nurseries of Messrs . Loddiges, in England .

The genus Sobralia , comprising about sixty species, is found intropical America from P eru to Guiana and Mexico . The speciesvary greatly in size, some being but a foot high , while others havestems ten feet tall or more . Some species have small flowers, whilein others the flowers are as large and as showy as those of Cattleyalabiata . I n color the blossoms range from white to - yellow, andfrom rose and purple to almost a blue . One of the larger andshowy kinds is Sobralia macrantha , a native of Mexico and Guate

40 AD D I SON I A

mala . They are usually of easy culture , requiring an abundanceof water during the growing season , and do best if allowed a periodof rest , when water is withheld, but never to the extent of allowingthe soil to become quite dry .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . 1 .

—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 .

—Column, side

view . Fig . 3,

—Column , front view . Fig . 4 .

— Poll inia, side view, X 5 . Fig . 5 .

—Pollin ia, rear view, X 5 . Fig . 6 .

-Anther, X 5 .

CONTENTS OPVOLUM E 1PLATE RHODODENDRON CARO LI N IANUM PLATE 2 1 . J ADOXA MOSC I-IATELLINA .

“

PLATE 2 . CASS IA POLYPHYLLA P LATE 22 . susv cmumBERMUO IANA

PLATE 3 . ROB IN IA K_ELSEY I PLATE 23 . COLUMNEA HIRTA

P LATE 4 . PACHYPHYTUM LONG IFO LI UM PLATE 24 . PED I LANTHUS SMALLI IPLATE

,5 . BEGON IA COWELLI I PLATE 25 . CREM NOPHILA NUTANs

PLATE. 6 . ECHEVER IA SETOSA'

PLATE P ITHECOLOB I U M GUADALUPENSEPLATE OOLUMNEA GLORlOSA PLATE ANTHUR I U M GRAND IFOLI UMPLATE 8 . FOUQU IER IA FORMOSA PLATE 28 .

“

EP IDENDRU M PALEAOEUMPLATE 9.

‘

MAXILLARIA 'RINGENS'

PLATE 29 . BEGON IA WI LLIAMS“PLATE “

NOPALEA AUBERI PLATE 80L,ONCID I UM UROPHYLLUM

PLATE 1 1 .‘CR INUM AMERICANUM PLATE 8 1A.

,SEOUM D IVERS IFOLI UM

PLATE 1 2. OLETHRA ALN IPOLlA ,

PLATE 3 1 8 . SEDUM HUM IFUSUMP LATE 1 3 . ECHEVER IA CARN IOOLOR PLATE 32 . CATASET UM SCURRA

PLATE 83 . CHIONODOXA LUCILIAE GIGANTEAPLATE CLEROD ENDRON TR ICHOTOMUM PLATE 84 . AGAVE SUBSI M PLEX

PLATE: NOTVLIA SAGITT’IFERA PLATE DASYSTEPHANA PORPHYRIO

PLATE EXOGON I UM M ICRODACTYLUM PLATE 86 . RHUS HIRTA D ISSECTAPLATE t VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS PLATE ‘ CYMOPHYLLUS FRASER I

Ei

1 9 . OPUNT IA MACRORHIZA PLATE 38 . ,0 PUNT IA VULGAR IS

E 20 . COM MELINA COMMUN IS PLATE 39 . T I LLANDS IA SUBLAXA

PLATE 40 3 ECHEVERIA AUSTRALIS

CONTENTS OFVOLUM E 2PLATE NOLINA TEXANA PLATE 6 1 . HARR ISIA GRACI L ISPLATE 42 . TRICHOSTERIGMA BENEDICTUM PLATE 62 EP'DENDRUM OBLONGATUM

PLATE 43. BENTHAM IA JAPONICA PLATE 6 3. AESCULUS PARVIFLORA44 . D IRGAEA MAON lPtcA .

“

PLATE 64 . M ICRAMPELIS LOBATA’

45 . fBUOOLenA‘

OAvIO I PLATE 65 . BOMAREA eouus

GONGORA TRUNCATA ALBA PLATE 66 . ASTER TATAR I CUSPLATE 47 . WERCKLEOCEREUS Gu am PLATE 67 . PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUMPLATE 48 . DUDLEYA ORANOEGST PLATE 68, HARRLS IA MART IN IPLATE 49. ABELIA GRAND IFLORA PLATE 69 ONC'D IUM PU BESPLATE 5 0 . PEPEROM IA OBTUS IFO LIA PLATE 7 0 RAPHIOLEP IS UMBELLATAPLATE 5 1 . SO LIDAGO JUNoeA PLATE -7 1 . ROSA

‘fSILvea

‘

NOON u

PLATE 5 2. ECHEVER IA MULT I CAUL IS PLATE 7 2 . DENDROBI UM ATROVIOLACEUM5 3 . CATASETUM VI RID I FLAVUM PLATE 7 3 . CENTRADEN IA FLOR I BUN'

DA,

PLATE 54 . SAG ITTARIA LAT IFOLIA PLATE 7 4 . P IAROPUS AZUREUS“PLATE

.

5 5 . BACCHAR IS ‘

HALI M IFOLIA PLATE 7 5 . SOLIDAGO ALTJSSIMA

PLATE '

5 6 .

‘XANTHISMA TEXANUM PLATE 7 6 , PENTAPTERYGIUM SERPENS

,PLAT l 5 7 . 6 5 0 0 14

,BOURGAEI PLATE 7 7 . FREYLIN IA LANCEOLATA

_

PLATE CI M IC IFUGA 3151m PLATE 7 8 . ANNESLIA TWEED IE I

PLATE 5 9. FE IJOA SELLOW IANA PLATE 7 9 . CRASSULA QUADR' IFIDAPLATE ASTER AM ETHYST I NUS PLATE 80 . ASTER coaowouus

-

. cONT I-: NT.s OF

'

vOLuM E 3PLATE 8 1 . ARON IA ATROPURPUREAPLATE ASTER NOVAE-ANGLIAEPLATE SSA . GYMNOCALYCI UM MULT IFLORUMPLATE O

'

YM NOOALYO lUM M OST I I

PLATE 84 . EUONYMUS ALATAPLATE 85 . D IOSPYROS VIRG IN IANAPLATE 86 . LEPADENA MARGINATA ,

Pu re 87 . BUERGER IPLATE .

.

P1 18 |scus ocuuaoseusPLATE 89 . CORNUS OFFIC INALIS

‘

PLATE so. OPUNT IA LASIACANTHA‘

AN NOUNCEM E NT

A beques tmade to the N ew Y ork Botanical Garden by its latePresident , Judge Addison Brown , established the

ADD ISON BROW N FUN D

the income and accumulations from whi ch shall be applied to thefounding and publication , as soon as practicable, and to themaintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor) , of a high- clas smagazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustrationby c olored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden ,

or

its conservatories ; with suitable descriptions in popular language ,and any desirable notes and synonomy, and a brief statementof the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated .

The preparation and publication of the work have been referredto Dr. John H. Barnhart , B ibliographer, and Mr . George V. N ash ,Head Gardener .AD D I SON IA is published as a quarterly magazme, in March , j une ,

September, and December . Each part consists of ten coloredplateswith accompanying letterpress . The subscription price ' is $ 1 0annually, four parts constituting a volume . The parts will notbe sold separately .

Address

THE N EW YORK BOTAN lCAL GARD ENBRONX PARK

N EW YORK C ITY

Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of AD D I SON I A as

completed, i n order to avoid possible loss ormisplacement of the parts ;nearly thewhole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 and 2 has

'

been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate partscan be supplied . N ew subscriptions will be accepted only as includ

ing thefirst volumes .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E lO lA D D IS O N I A

C O R N US M AS

4 1

(Plate 1 0 1 )

!S M AS

t!B11 Cherrytrope and Asia M inor

Dogwood Family

se growth, up to twenty feet tall .tely appressed-pubescent, in agere opposite, the petioles a quarter:h are up to three inches long andovate, acuminate into a usuallyly rounded or sometimes cuneate,1 -pubescent, the lower paler and

ils . The yellow flowers, in which'

e usually in fours, appear beforesters of a dozen or so, terminatingbtended by an involucre of four>racts which are appressed-pubesube, the latter adherent to the3 calyx- lobes are small and tri

e spreading or somewhat refiexed .

petals and alternate with them .

arters of an inch long .

Lrly May, in the neighborhood ofhis plant appear, the absence offlowers all the more conspicuous .y a dark green foliage, which, inh e later months, again makes ofI t is effective as an individualThe specimen from which the

u in th e collections of the N ew

Llatable, but is sometimes used ini rally as a substitute for olives .ves

,and is said to be made use of

0 another, Cornus ofiicinalis , oflate 89 of this work . The tuftsashen , readily distinguishing it

tfts are brown .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

>wering branch . Fig . 2 ,

—Flower, X 4.

AD D I SON IA 4 1

(Plate 1 0 1 )

CORNUS M AS

Cornelian Cherry

N ative of southern Europe and Asia M inor

Family CORN ACEAE Dogwood Family

Cornus M as L. Sp . Pl . 1 1 7 . 1 753.

A shrub or small tree, of dense growth, up to twenty feet tall .The young branchlets are minutely appressed-pubescent, in agebecoming glabrous . The leaves are opposite, the petioles a quarterinch long or less ; the blades, which are up to three inches long andtwo inches wide, are elliptic to ovate, acuminate into a usuallyobtuse apex, at the base commonly rounded or sometimes cuneate,and with both surfaces appressed-pubescent, the lower paler andwith tufts of ashen hairs in the axils . The yellow flowers, in whichthe sepals, petals and stamens are usually in fours, appear beforethe leaves, and are in opposite clusters of a dozen or so, termi natingshort branchlets , each cluster subtended by an involucre of fourbroadly elliptic brownish obtuse bracts which are appressed-pubescent . The pedicels and calyx- tube, the latter adherent to theovary, are appressed-hairy . The calyx-lobes are small and tri

angular . The lanceolate petals are spreading or somewhat reflexed .

The stamens are shorter than the petals and a lternate with them .

The scarlet fruit is about three quarters of an inch long .

I n the latter part of April or early M ay, in the neighborhood ofN ew York City, the flowers of this plant appear, the absence ofthe foliage at that time making the flowers all the more conspicuous .The bright flowers are followed by a dark green foliage, which, incontrast with the scarlet fruit of the later months , again makes ofthis plant a most striking object . I t is effective as an individualspecimen or for mass planting . The specimen from which theillustration was prepared has been in th e collections of the N ew

York Botanical Garden since 1 906 .

The fruit though edible is not palatable, but is sometimes used inthe countries where it grows naturally as a substitute for olives .I t is also employed there for preserves, and is said to be made use ofby the Turks for flavoring sherbet .This species is closely related to another, Cornus ofi cinalis , of

Japan, which was illustrated at plate 89 of this work .

i

The tuftsof hairs in the leaf-axils of this are ashen, readily distinguishing itfrom the other in which the hair-tufts are brown .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 ,

—Flower, X 4.

Fig. 3.—Fruiting branch.

P LAT E

S O L I D AGO S Q UA R RO S A

A D D I SO N lA

AD D I SONI A 43

(Plate 1 02)

SOLI DAGO SQUARROSA

Ragged Goldenrod

Southeastern Canada and eastern United States .

Family CARDUA CEAE THI STLE Family

Solidago squarrosa M uhl . Cat . 76 . 1 81 3.

Solidago confertiflora N utt . Jour. Acad . Phila . 7 : 1 02 . 1 834.

A perennial plant with a radiculose stout rootstock . The stem iserect, five feet tall or less, pale or more often tinged with red orpurple, finely and often copiously pubescent, glabrate and terete ornearly so below, permanently pubescent and ridged above, simplebelow the inflorescence , or individually or exceptionally branched .

The leaves are alternate, and rather conspicuous . The blades arevarious, thickish, deep green above, paler and finely lined beneath,finely pubescent on the principal veins, especially beneath, and

ciliate ; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves obovate, oval ,elliptic, or ovate, narrowed into petiole- like bases, with stoutermidribs of equal length or shorter, coarsely, often doubly or ir

regularly, serrate ; those of the upper cauline leaves much smallerthan those of the lower, oblanceolate, elliptic, or lanceolate, mostlyacute or Short-acuminate, shallowly toothed or entire, narrowed intoshort petiole-like bases or sessile ; those of the inflorescence (bractssubtending the panicle-branches) much reduced . The heads arefew or several together, on short ascending approximate or distantbranches which form a terminal elongate thyrsus . The involucresare campanulate, about a third of an inch long . The bracts of theinvolucre are ‘

in several series, decidedly imbricate ; the outer onesare ovate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse ; the inner narrowly ellipticto linear—elliptic, or slightly broadened upward, or nearly linear,obtuse ; all with spreading or recurved green tips , ciliolate, the exposed parts more or less pubescent . The ray

-flowers are conspicu

ous, nine to sixteen in number, with yellow elliptic ligules a sixth ofan inch long or more . The disk—flowers are numerous, with yellow5 -lobed corollas about one fourth of an inch long divided into acylindric tube, a larger narrowly funnelform throat and the lobes ;the lobes are ovate or ovate- lanceolate , thick-margined . The

anthers are whitish , united in a ring, with lanceolate tips, each sacacuminate at the base . The filaments are slender-filiform , as longas the anthers or longer . The hypanthium is glabrous, longitudinally striate . The style is filiform , glabrous . The stigmas are

subulate or lanceolate- subulate . The achene is ribbed, glabrous,narrowed at the base, more or less contracted at the apex . Thepappus consists of numerous white or nearly white bristles severaltimes as long as the achene .

44 AD D I SON I A

Among our hundred odd kinds of goldenrods the species hereillustrated is wholly distinctive . I t falls within a group

,which

includes only two or three other species, characterized chiefly bythe spreading or recurved green tips of the bracts of the involucre ;but it is quite easily distinguishable from its near relatives .

Thi s plant was detected by Muhlenberg in Lancaster County,Pennsylvania , in the early part of the past century , and was firstmentioned by him in his Catalogus plantarum Americae septentrionalis

”in 1 81 3. I t is such a clear- cut species that only once was

there any confusion concerning it so that it was named a secondtime .

The geographic range of thi s goldenrod extends from N ew Brunswick and Ontario southward to Georgia , in the P iedmont and

mountain regi ons . I t has not been found in the Coastal P lain .

The altitudinal distribution extends from near sea - level to severalthousand feet in the A lleghenies .

I ts favorite habitat is the steep or at least sloping rocky banksof streams , where at the height of its flowering season it qui teeclipses all its associates . I t is an erect plant with a strict inflorescence ; but does not suggest stiflness in habit . I ts large conspicuously clean deep -green leaves, which are usually wholly freefrom the fungous di seases so common on the foliage of many kindsof goldenrod, and its erect narrow plumes of bright-yellow flowersare particularly attractive to the eye .

The specimens from which the accompanying illustration wasmade were collected near the southern end of Lake Oscawana ,Putnam County, N ew York , in open woods on a rocky hillside .

JOHN K . SM ALL.

EXPLAN AT I ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

-I nflorescence . Fig . 2 .

— Flowering head, x2. Fig . 25.—Lower leaf .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT EA D D I SO N IA

C A LL I C A R PA J A P O N I C A

AD D I SON I A 45

(Plate 1 03)

CALLI CARPA JAPON I CA

Japanese Callicarpa

N ative of j apan

Family VERBEN A cEAE VERVA I N Family

Callicarpa j aponica Thunb . Fl . Jap . 60 . 1 784.

A shrub up to five feet tall , the purplish young branches and divisions of the inflorescence stellate-pubescent, the hairs on the

former early deciduous . The leaves are opposite and with petiolesa quarter inch long or less . The blades are elliptic , acute at . the

base and acuminate at the apex into a long point, and are glabrouson both surfaces ; they measure up to three inches long and an inchand a half wide, and on the new vigorous shoots they are often larger ;the margi ns are commonly entire at the base, becoming serrateabove, the long apex usually however without teeth . The flowersare generally rose-pink , on short pedicels, and are borne rathernumerously in axillary cymose clusters . The calyx is short, itsteeth short and rounded . The bell - shape’d corolla is about an

eighth of an inch long,'

its four spreadi ng lobes rounded . Thestamens are much exserted from the corolla and bear bright yellowanthers . The fruit is an eighth to three sixteenths of an inch indiameter and of a bright vi olet color .A most desirable shrub on account of the unusual color of its

fruit which is borne—

in great abundance . I t is found wild in themountains of Japan in wooded areas . I t thrives in the latitude ofN ew York City, and is rarely damaged by cold . I f, however, it isinjured during the winter it sends up in the spring new shoots fromthe root which flower and bear fruit the same year. I t may bereadily propagated by seeds , in spring or summer by greenwoodcuttings under glass, and by hardwood cuttings and

'

by layers .The specimen from which the illustration was prepared has beenin the collections of the N ew York Botanical Garden since 1 895 .

Callicarpa is found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,Australia, the islands of the P acific, and in N orth and CentralAmerica . I ts known species are about thirty—five, of which one is

Callicarpa arnericana , a native of the southeastern United States,where it is known as French mulberry .

GEORGE V. N ASH

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2.

—Flowers .

Fig. 3.

—Flower, X 4.

P LAT E 1 0 4

AS T E R LA EV I S

A D D IS O N I A

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

48 AD D I SON I A

variants seems to have succeeded in detaching itself very successfully from the controll ing individuali ty of the true plant whichblends all together into one general species .Thi s is an an aster main ly of dry open ground, sometimes group

ing itself closely on sandy levels , butmore often of freer growth alongfields and woodsides or, among inland hills, scattered, as the soilmay permit, along stony roadside banks .

I n the east its di stribution extends from Pennsylvania and N ew

Jersey to the coast region of N ew York and on through N ew Englandinto Maine ; thence it ranges to Ontario, and far towards the northwest, and south, it is said, to N ew Mexico and Louisiana .

E . P . B I CKNELL.

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

—Portion of flowering stem . Fig . 2 .

—I nvolucre, X 2 . Fig . 3.

—Lower leaf .

O P UN T I A O P U N T I A

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

5O AD D I SON I A

juicy and ed ible berry, from one inch to two inches long, and contains many black seeds about one sixth of an inch broad .

This plant is widely di stributed in the eastern United States andis the most northeastern in geographic range of any species of thecactus family . I t is frequent on coastal sand dunes from easternMassachusetts south to Virginia and occurs locally in sand or onrocks westward to I llinois and Missouri and southward to Georgiaand Al abama . I t has long been established in the moun tains ofnorthern I taly and of Switzerland , where it has been called Opuntianana plants sent to us under that name from the famous HanburyGardens at La Mortola , I taly, appear to be identical wi th wildones of the vicinity of N ew York .

I n botanical literature the species has often been described underthe name Opuntia vulgari s Miller, but that name properly belongsto an altogether different, tall, erect cactus of wide distribution ineastern South America .

Races, or individual plants, of Opuntia Opuntia differ somewhatin size and shape of the joints and of the fruit, and in size of theflowers, and are with or without spines . Some of these have beenregarded as distinct species or varieties by various authors and thesynonymy of the plant is quite extensive, the names cited abovebeing only the most important whi ch have been applied to it . I t

has been suggested that plants with orange-based petals may bespecifically distinct from those with pure yel low petals, althoughotherwise alike . We have grown the plant at the N ew York Botanical Garden from many localities and have observed it at manyothers . I t grows naturally quite abundantly on rock out- cropswithin the N ew York Botanical Garden .

The plant from which our illustration was made was sent byMr . E . P . B icknell , in 1 904, from N antucket I sland, Massachusetts .

N . L. BR I TTON .

P LAT E 1 0 6

I LEX S E R R AT A A R GUT I D E N S

A D D I S O N I A

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

LAT E 1 0 7

O THO N N A C RA S S I FO L IA

A D D IS O N I A

AD D I SON I A 53

(Plate 1 07)

OTHON NA CRASSI FOLI A

Thick-leaved Othonna

N ative of south Africa

Family CARD UA cEAE THI STLE Family

Othonna crassifolia Harvey ; Harvey Sonder, Fl . Cap . 3 : 336 . 1 865 .

A tufted light green somewhat glaucous perennial succulentplant, with the lower leaves short and crowded , those on the stemsmore scattered and longer. The leaves are cylindric and usuallycurved, acute, from a quarter to three eighths of an inch in diameter,the lower ones up to two inches long and commonly purple-tipped,those on the spreading shoots longer and usually entirely green .

The flowering stems are up to eight inches long, slender, somewhatbranched ; they arise from a whorl of leaves and commonly beartwo to four flower-heads on long peduncles, and often one or twoleaves . The heads are up to one inch broad, with a dozen or moreray-flowers and numerous disc—flowers . The corollas of the pistillate ray-flowers are ligulate, reflexed~spreading, bright yellow ;the corolla of the disc—flowers is cylindric-bell- shaped, five- lobed,and of a deeper yellow .

A decorative little plant for the temperate house, especially useful in rocke

‘

ries . P otted plants may also be plunged for the summer in a sunny spot in the garden , where they will soon make avigorous growth and bloom freely . The main body of the plant isprostrate ; the flowering stems, ascending for six or eight inches andlightly veiled with a whitish bloom, and the bright yellow flowersmake a pleasing combination . I t has a long flowering period .

The specimen from which the illustration was prepared was securedby exchange with the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, in 1 902, andhas flowered repeatedly in the collections of the N ew York BotanicalGarden .

GEORGE V. N AsH .

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering stem . Fig . 2 .

—R ay-fiower, X3.

Fig . 3.

—D isc-flower, X 5 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

56 AD D I SON I A

I ndies, in Mexico, and in the Himalayas and eastern Asia ; it contains about thi rty-five species . Some of the species are evergreen ,but the greater part are deciduous . I n some the flowers appearbefore the leaves, while in others the blossoms come with or afterthe foliage . I t is interesting to note that the species under cultivation , in which the flowers appear before the leaves, are of Asiaticorigin . Seven species are found in the United States, all in the eastern part . Of these, one, M agnolia grandifiora , has evergreen foliage ,and in another, M agnolia virginiana , the foliage is evergreen in thesouth and deciduous in the north ; the remainder of the species havedeciduous leaves .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXP LANATI ON OF P LATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering branch . Fig . 2 .

—Fruitingbranch .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

V I BU R N U M P R U N I FO L I U M

A D D I S O N I A

AD D I SON I A 59

(Plate 1 1 0)

VI BURNUM PRUN I FOLI UM

Black Haw

Family CAPR I FOLI A CEAE . HON EYSUCKLE Family

N ative of the eastern and central United States

Viburnum prunifoliurn L. Sp . P l . 268. 1 753.

A densely branched large shrub or small tree, occasionally reachinga height of thirty feet and a trunk diameter of one foot . The youngbark is smoothish and of a purple-brown color, but that of the oldertrunks becomes blackish , much fissured and somewhat scaly ;internally, it is rusty brown and the inner surface is roughish withsmall oblique bast bundles . That of the root is wholly brown and

is soft- scaly on the outer surface . I t is bitter and of a peculiarstrong odor, slightly resembling that of valerian . The wood is hard ,tough and strong . The branches , like the leaves, are opposite and ,

when young, are apt to be thornlike . The leaves , borne on short,slender

,reddish petioles, and one to three inches long, are approxi

mately oval in form , with a rounded or slightly produced base andan obtuse , or occasionally very slightly pointed summit ; the marginis very finely toothed and the venation is reddish . The whiteflowers are borne in nearly flat compound cymes , two to four and ahalf inches broad, on very short stems , the flowers also on shortstems ; in furit , the branches of the cyme elongate considerably .

The corolla is wheel-shaped, about one third of an inch broad anddeeply 5 -lobed , and bears a stamen of about its own length in eachsinus . The fruits are about one third of an inch long and abouttwo thirds as broad, oval and compressed , and are tipped with theremains of the calyx . When ripe, they are black , with a thincoating of whitish wax, giving them a bluish—black appearance ;each contains a single flat stone, slightly convex on one side .The black haw is one of the most ornamental of our wild shrubs ,

blooming in M ay, when it beauti‘

fies the fence rows and hedges andthe borders of woodlands with its profuse masses of snowy—whiteflowers . I t is not infrequently planted for ornament . The fruitsripen in the late fall , when they are much eaten by children . Theyare agreeably sweet after being acted upon by frost, although al

ways rather dry . Under primitive conditions , they were a favoritefruit of bears . The bark, especially that of the root, is a muchused medicine, prized by practical physicians for its anti-spasmodicproperties . I t has long been official in the United States Pharmacopoeia .

H . H . RUSBY .

EXPLANATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .

—Fruiting branch. Fig . 2 .

-Floweringbranch .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

AN NOUNCEM ENT

A bequest made to the N ew York Botanical Garden by its lateP resident, Judge Addison Brown, es tablished the

ADD I SON BROW N FUN D

the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to thefounding and publication , as soon as practicable, and to themaintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor) , of a high-classmagazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustrationby colored plates of the plants of the United States aud ‘its territorial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden orits conservatories ; with suitable descriptions in popular

'

language ,and any des irable notes and synonomy, and a brief statementof the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated .

"

The preparation and publication'

of the work havebeen referredto Dr. John H . Barnhart, Bibliographer, and Mr . George V. N ash ,Head Gardener .AD D I SON I A is published as a quarterly magazine, in March, June ,

September, and December . Each part consists of ten colored plateswi th accompanying letterpress . The subscri ption price is $ 1 0annually, four parts constituting a volume .

’ The parts will notbe Sold separately .

Address

THE N Ew YORK BOTAN ICAL GARD ENBRO Nx PARK

N Ew YORK C ITY

Subscribers are advi sed -to bind each volume of AD D I SON I A as

completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts ;nearly the whole remainder of the edition of V olumes 1 and 2 hasbeen made up into complete volumes, and but

.

few separate partscan be supplied . N ew subscriptions wi ll be accepted only as includ

ing thefirst volumes .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 1 1A D D I S O N I A

SYM P HO R I C A R P O S SYM P HO R I C A R P O S

ADD I SON I A 6 1

(Plate 1 1 1 )

SYM PHORI CARPOS SYM PHORI CARPOS

Coral-berry

N ative of east-central United States

Family CAPR I FOLI A CEAE HONEYSUCKLE Family

Lonicera Symphoricarpos L. Sp . Pl. 1 75 . 1 753.

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus M oench, M eth . 503. 1 794.

Symphoricarpos vulgaris M ichx. Fl . Bor. Am. 1 : 1 06 . 1 803.

Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos M acM . Bull . Torrey Club 1 9 : 1 5 . 1 892.

A shrub , two to five feet tall , with many erect or ascendingpurplish-gray or gray branches, spreading or somewhat droopingpubescent branchlets, and yellow and rose flowers followed bycoral-red fruit . The opposite leaves , softly pubescent beneath,have petioles less than a quarter of an inch long ; the blades areoval , varying to ovate or nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse at apex,usually about one to one and a half inches long and one half toone inch wide, and are pale beneath . The flowers, less than aneighth of an inch l ong, are in many-flowered densely crowdedaxillary Spikes, which are borne upon the young growth of theseason ; the calyx has five triangular ciliate lobes, whi ch in the budlie as rudimentary structures about the base of the corolla and

persist as vestiges on the apex of the fruit . The corolla is bellshaped, turned obliquely upward , and somewhat inflated in thelower . side ; its tube is yellow, suffused distally with rose, and thetriangular lobes are yellow . There are five pubescent stamens,which are shorter than the corolla, as is also the pubescent style .The fruit is pome-like, of a delicate coral-red, with an obscurebloom, and often an obscure purplish cast .Those who have tramped through the open forests of the Missis

sippi valley know well the coral-berry, or buck-brush as it 13 morecommonly called . Through much of the year only a weed-likeover-abundant element of the underbrush, in the autumn it becomestransformed . Each branchlet, bending beneath its weight of fruit,changes to a wand of delicate red, and as the plant bears manybranches, which rebranch in spray-like fashion, the whole forms acomplex and a profusion of color, making it deservedly one ofAmerica’s favorite decorative shrubs .Since the leaves are opposite, the inflorescences are opposite,and because they occur in the axils of most leaves of a season’sgrowth

,and the plant is a rapid grower , the pairs of inflorescences

are many and gradually approximate toward the apex of the stem .

Only when young can the real structure of these be seen ; in age

62 ADD I SON I A

the maturing fruits, crowded upon the shortened axis, press oneanother

,and even those of the opposite spikes, into irregular stellate

clusters . I n the late autumn a few leaves still stand out stiflly,

but through the winter, until they have shriveled and blackened,or the birds have eaten the fruits, there is no veil to the showinessof the shrub .

The coral -berry prefers normal loam or clayey grove-like woodland, frequently on the thin soil of rocky places . I t occurs as anative plant from western N ew York to South Dakota, Georgia,and Texas, only southward crossing the Alleghanies into the P iedmont flora of the A tlantic slope . I t has long been cultivated andin many of the oldersettlements is a chance escape .Like the closely allied snowberry, figured on plate 94, and as

might be presumed from its abundance in a wild state, this speciesis of the easiest culture . Like that, it forms suckers, and themode of its propagation is the same .The Specimen here illustrated was obtained from plants long

grown in the N ew York Botanical Garden .

FRAN CI S W . PEN NELL.

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2.

—Floweringbranch . Fig . 3.

—Flower, X 5 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E ”2A D D I S O N IA

S P I R A E A THU N B E RG I I

ADD I SONI A 63

(Plate 1 1 2)SP I RAEA THUNBERGI I

Thunberg’s Spiraea

N ative of j apan and China

Family ROSACEAE ROSE Family

Spiraea crenata Thunb . Fl. Jap . 2 1 0. 1 784. N ot Spiraea crenata L. 1 753.

Spiraea Thunbergi i Siebold ; Blume, B ijdr. 1 1 1 5 . 1 826 .

With its spreading arched branches, this is one of the mostgraceful of shrubs, attaining a height of five or six feet and an equalwidth, the white flowers borne in great profusion . The bark of theold branches is a deep chestnut-brown, while the branches of theyear are clothed with a paler bark, and are pubescent . The glabrousleaves are numerous, alternate, and appear for the most part afterthe flowers ; they are linear- lanceolate, up to an inch and a halflong and three sixteenths of an inch wide, sessile or nearly so, andare gradually narrowed from the middle to each end ; the marginis serrate, except at the base, with rather distant sharp teeth . Theflowers, appearing for the most part in advance of the leaves, areabout a third of an inch across, are on slender glabrous pedi cels aquarter to three eighths of an inch long, and occur in sessile clustersof two to five on the branches of the previous year, each clustersubtended by several bracts . The calyx is glabrous, its five lobesdeltoid . The petals, equal in number to the lobes of the calyxand alternate with them , are pure white, obovate, and much exceedthe stamens . The pistils are five, distinct, glabrous, and developinto follicles which open on the inner side .

I n late April or the fore part of May, in the latitude of N ew YorkCity, this delightful little Japanese shrub is clothed with a mantleof whi te blossoms, the spreading arched branches giving it a daintygrace possessed by few other shrubs . The bright green foliage ofsummer passes to orange or scarlet in the fall, making of it also anattractive object at that season . I t is of the easiest culture, thrivingin almost any soil of reasonable quality, but preferring condi tionsSlightly moist rather than dry . As an individual specimen on thelawn it is of striking appearance, or it is effective in the borderwhere feathery masses of white are deSired . I t is the first spiraea,as well as one of the earliest shrubs, to bloom, and this adds muchto its value and attractiveness . I t may readily be propagatedfrom seeds or by green-wood cuttings under glass . The plant fromwhich the illustration was prepared, has been in the N ew YorkBotanical Garden for many years .Thunberg in his Flora Japonica erroneously associated this with

64 ADD I SON I A

the Spiraea crenata of Linnaeus, another and quite different plantoccurring from southeastern Europe to the Caucasus . This errorwas detected later, and the name given to it commemorating itsdiscoverer, Thunberg .

The genus Spiraea has over seventy-five species, mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere,extending in the N ew World as far south as Mexico, and in Asia tothe Himalayas . Many species are of great horticultural value,and may be classed in two groups : those which, like the presentspecies, flower in the Spring and early summer, and have whiteflowers borne in umbels on the wood of the previous year ; andthose which bear either white or pink blossoms, from early summerto fall, in corymbs or pani cles on vigorous shoots of the season .

I t is evident, therefore, that pruning in the species of the first groupshould be confined to thinning, or to removing the weak wood, asotherwise the number of blossoms would be greatly reduced ; whilein the second group pruning may be done more vigorously, theflowers coming on the shoots of the year .

GEORGE V. N ASH .

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE. Fig . l .—Flowering branch. Fig . 2.

—Flower, X4.Fig. 3.

—Leaves .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 1 3 A D D I S O N IA

C O R E O P S I S L E A VE N W O R T H I I

ADD I SON I A 65

(Plate 1 13)

COREOPSI S LEAVENWORTHI I

Leavenworth’s Tickseed

N ative of peninsular Florida

Family CARDUACEAE THI STLE Family

Coreopsi s Leavenworthn T . G. PI . N . Am. 2 : 346 . 1 842.

An annual plant, five feet tall or less, bright green , often with aShort-jointed caudex at the base . The stems are relatively slender,simple or sparingly branched and erect, or much branched nearthe base and more or less diffuse ; the branches are glabrous ,terete or longitudinally ridged when dry, and usually branchedthroughout . The leaves are opposite, glabrous , the lower oneswith linear or narrowly spatulate blades, which are entire, or deeplypinnatifid wi th one to three pairs of narrow lateral lobes ; theupper leaves have entire blades narrower than those of the lowerones . The bracts subtending the peduncles in the inflorescenceare filiform or nearly so . The showy heads are slender-peduncledan

’

d erect . The involucre is double, hemispheric in anthesis, andpersistent . The outer bracts are lanceolate-subulate to lanceolateor ovate-lanceolate, a twelfth of an inch long or less ; the innerbracts are ovate, obtuse, thrice as long as the outer ones or more,somewhat fleshy, and glabrous . The copiously pitted receptacleis convex or sometimes nearly hemispheric, bearing narrowly linearbractlets . The disk is dark-brown or nearly black, about a quarterof an inch wide or less . The disk-corollas are numerous, narrowlyfunnelform, and less than one sixth of an inch long, with broadlyovate lobes . The stamens are slightly exserted, with ovate tips, theanthers longer than the free portion of the filaments . The ray iscomposed of about 8 flowers ; the ligules are bright yellow, spreading, with blades varying from ovate to cuneate, about a half inchlong, and obtusely three-lobed at the apex . The pappus is twoupwardly barbed subulate awns . The achenes are roundish inoutline, less than one sixth of an inch long, over all, the body ellipsoid, black, minutely punctate-cancellate, and usually sparinglygranular-dotted . The wings are thin and translucent, each aboutas wide as the di ameter of the achene-body, very finely laterallystriate, extending above the top of the achene-body ; in the sinusthus formed the two pappus awns, in length about equal to thedi ameter of the achene body, arise .The genus Coreopsis , well known to plant lovers through several

species almost universally cultivated I n gardens, is represented bynot less than twenty-four native ones in the southern states eastof the Mississippi River . As many as fourteen species grow naturally in Florida . Some of these found their way to Linnaeus before

66 ADD I SONI A

the middle of the eighteenth century, while some were not discovered until the beginning of the present century .

The species here illustrated came to notice during a periodbetween these extremes, at a time when the plant treasures ofFlorida began to be discovered in increasing numbers .I t was during the Seminole War that Dr . M . C . Leavenworth,

a surgeon in the United States Army and an amateur botanist,collected Specimens of various plants met with in his travels andsent them to Dr . John Torrey . The original specimens from whi chCoreopsis Leavenworthi i was described came from the vicinity ofTampa Bay and near Fort Drane in what is now Marion County,Florida .

Curiously enough thi s plant named for ’ Dr . Leavenworth hasnearly the same geographic range as Heliotropium Leavenworthii .

I t, however, extends a little further north in the peninsula and isfound on some of the lower Florida Keys . Like the heliotropejust referred to, it is a prominent element in the flora of the lowpinelands and marshes, and in many localities covers large areasto the exclusion of all other conspicuous vegetation, the countlessmyriads of heads thus forming stretches of brilliant yellow sometimes extending as far as the eye can see .The specimens from which the accompanying illustration was

made were collected by the writer in the Everglades near Cutler,Florida, M ay 22, 1 91 8.

JOHN K . SM ALL.

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig. l .—Flowering stem. Fig . 2.

—Fruit, X 7 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 1 4 A D D I S O N IA

E C H I N A C E A P U R P U R EA

ADD I SON I A 67

(Plate 1 14)

ECHI NACEA PURPUREA

Purple Cone-flower

N ative of central and south-central United States

Family CARDUAcEAE THI STLE Family

Rudbeckia purpurea L. Sp . Pl . 907 . 1 753.

E chinacea purpurea M oench, M eth . 591 . 1 794.

Brauneria purpurea Britton, M em . Torrey Club 5 : 334. 1 894 .

A stout, erect, perennial herb, three to five feet high . Thestem is either smooth or rough, and frequently tinged with red ;it may be unbranched, bearing a single flower-head at its summit,but in favorable situations branches appear from the axils of theupper leaves, producing a bushy plant with a spread of two feet .The leaves are alternate, with petioles one to three inches long,the blades triangular-ovate and rather firm in texture . Whi le thelargest leaf-blades are four to six inches long by half as wide, theupper are gradually reduced in size, are narrower in relative width,and have shorter petioles ; they are rough on both Sides, threenerved , sharply and irregularly serrate at the margin, sharplyacuminate at the apex, and rather abruptly narrowed into an obtuseor broadly acute base . The upper portion of the main stem , six

to ten inches in length , and of each of its branches, is leafless,becomes gradually thi cker toward the summit, and terminates in aflower-head . Each head is subtended by a saucer-shaped or depressed—hemispheric involucre composed of a number of lanceolatescales . The disk is an inch or more in di ameter, purple—brown , andhemispheric or conic . The disk-flowers are almost concealed amongthe long Sharp -pointed projecting scales of the receptacle . Theray-flowers are twelve to twenty in number, red-purple, two to twoand one half inches long, and conspicuously drooping . The rayflowers are neutral, and fall after flowering, whi le each disk-flowerripens a thick four-sided achene with a short crown-like pappus .The purple cone-flower is distinctly a woodland species and is

wrdely distributed through the forested region of the central statesfrom P ennsylvania to Michigan, Georgia, and Louisiana . West ofthis region, it is replaced by E chinacea pallida in the prairie region,and by E chinacea angustifoli a on the plains ; E chinacea tennesseensisoccurs in Tennessee and Arkansas . These three agree with E chinocea purpurea in their red-purple flowers, while the fifth species ofthe genus, E chinacea paradoxa of southwestern Missouri, hasyellow rays .Of the four species wi th red-purple flowers, Echinacea purpurea

is by far the most attractive in its native haunts and most worthy

68 ADD I SONI A

of cultivation . I t appears to best advantage at the edge of theforest

,where it receives plenty of sun and still enjoys the protection

of the trees . Here it grows tall , branches freely, and produces acorrespondingly larger number of its showy heads . I ts coarsefoliage and stiff heads make it poorly adapted for the small garden,but it can be used to advantage against a background of shrubberyin large plantings . I n the latitude of N ew York the flowers appearin July and August .Specimens of this plant are growing in the collections of the N ewYork Botanical Garden, and it was from one of these that ourillustration was drawn .

H . A . GLEASON .

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .—Flowering stem. Fig . 2.

-Lower leaf.Fig . 3.

—D isk-flower and scale, side view, X 3. Fig . 4.—D isk-flower, X 3.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LA T E 1 1 5 A D D IS O N I A

LA N TA N A D E P R E S S A

ADD I SON I A 69

(Plate 1 1 5)

LANTANA DEPRESSA

Pineland Lantana

N ative of southern Florida

Family VERBENA cEAE VERVAI N Family

Lantana depressa Small, Bull . N . Y . Bot. Gard. 3 : 436 . 1 905 .

A shrub, with numerous di ffuse or prostrate branches three feetlong or less, from a stout woody root . The branches are somewhatangled, finely, often sparingly, pubescent , and unarmed . The leavesare opposite, usually numerous, bright green, mostly one to twoinches long ; the blades are ovate to elli ptic, acute or obtuse, serrateto crenate-serrate, sparingly fine-pubescent on both sides, more orless shining and with impressed veins above , dull and with prominentveins beneath, and tapering, cuneate, or rounded at the base .The flowers are borne in bracted involucrate clusters about aninch in diameter, terminating minutely hairy peduncles whichusually exceed their subtending leaves . The bracts are lanceolateto linear-lanceolate, minutely pubescent, and imbricate on the ovoidor ellipsoid receptacle-like rachis . The calyx is campanulate, abouta twelfth of an inch long, two—lobed, usually about one half as longas the subtending bract, minutely pubescent and ciliolate . Thecorolla is deep yellow or bright orange, a half inch long or less,with the finely pubescent tube slightly dilated upward and oftena little curved . The limb is oblique, with a reniform upper lipand a three- lobed lower lip, which has a broad, often reniform,

middle lobe about twice as large'

as the lateral lobes . The fourstamens are minute, borne in pairs about the middle of the corolla,the posterior pair further down on the corolla-tube than the anterior .The anthers are subglobose and more or less didymous, nearly orquite as long as the free part of the filament . The ovary is ovoidor ellipsoid, sessile, and tipped with a slender columnar style whichexceeds the ovary in length . The stigma is very oblique . Thedrupes are clustered, subglobose, black or purple-black, shining,about one sixth of an inch in diameter, and tardily deciduous fromthe thi ckened receptacle-like rachis .One of the more conspicuous shrubs of the Everglade Keys at

nearly all seasons of the year is the plant here illustrated .

The genus Lantana contains about fifty species . They are mostabundant in tropical and subtropical America ; there are a few inAfrica and Asia . The plants range in habit from erect Shrubs tothose with creeping stems ; some are even vine-like . The flowersrange from white to various shades of several colors . Sometimesseveral colors are represented on one plant .

70 AD D I SON I A

The species here illustrated seems not to have been observeduntil 1 903. I t has a stout, frequently knob- like root, which isoften seated in or nearly enclosed in a cavity of the honeycombedlimestone on which the plant grows . From this root dozens ofstems spring and spread radially on the ground . Single plants thusform mats on the rocky pineland floor, varying from two to six

feet in diameter . When covered with myriads of golden-yellowflowers, as they are nearly if not quite throughout the year, thesemats form the most conspicuous floral element of the woods . On

account of the showy flowers this plant is sometimes grown inneighboring gardens as an ornament .Unlike the several naturaliz ed species of Lantana in Florida

,

the flowers of this do not vary in color, either on the same individualor on different ones .

The specimen from which the accompanying illustration wasmade was collected on the reservation of Charles Deering at Cutler,Florida, May 5 , 1 91 8.

JOHN K . SM ALL.

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .

—Flowering stem . Fig . 2.

—Flower, x 2.

Fig . 3.—Flower, cut open, X 2 . Fig . 4.

—Stamens, X 6 . Fig . 5 .

—Fruit.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

A D D I SON I A 7 1

(Plate 1 1 6)

I LEX VERTI CI LLATA

Winterberry

N ative of eastern Um'

ted States

Family AQUI FOLI A CEAE HOLLY Family

P rinos verticillatus L. Sp . Pl . 330. 1 753.

I lex vertim’

llata A . Gray, M an . ed . 2 . 264. 1 856 .

An openly branched shrub , not commonly over eight to tenfeet high but, it is said, exceptionally growing to the stature of asmall tree ; the branching is al ternate, the twigs dark brownflecked with scattered whi te lenticels, their younger parts oftenslightly pubescent . ‘ The dark green leaves are reticulate-veinyand often rugose, and are thi cker but less firm than in other nearlyrelated species ; they are glabrous or somewhat pubescent on theupper surface and more or less tomentulose-pubescent beneath,especially along the prominent veins ; their shape varies fromlance-oval or broader to oblong-lanceolate, wi th acute or caudateacuminate apex and narrowed or contracted base ; the marginsare somewhat doubly and unevenly sub -uncinately serrate ; theblades are one and one half to three and one half inches long andhalf as broad as long ; the petioles usually bear some pubescenceand are one quarter to three quarters of an inch long . The flowersare mainly dioecious and are crowded in diminutive axillary cymesalong the season’s branches . The sterile flowers are in number oneto twelve and are borne on usually glabrous pedicels three sixteenthsof an inch or less in length, their peduncle usually shorter andpuberulent ; the fertile flowers are one to three on commonlypuberulent pedicels shorter and less slender than those of thesterile flowers, their peduncle almost obsolete ; minute brown bracteoles are found at the base of the pedicels . The small calyx-lobesare ovate to triangular-ovate or orbicular and are pubescent andfringed . The white corolla is rotate, about one quarter of an inchacross, with four to six oblong blunt lobes spreading and somewhatrecurved at maturity . The drupes are scarlet and shining and areglobose

,or slightly broader than long, becoming three eighths of an

inch in diameter ; their pulp is yellow and incloses about six oblong,three-angled, bony nutlets one quarter to three sixteenths of aninch in length .

N ot in any way noteworthy in form or foliage andwithout distinction in its flowering, thi s shrub has little to mark it for particular attention until, in the autumn , its scarlet berry-like drupesbrighten in the low grounds and thickets that are its home . Bymid-September the berries, for, non-botanically, such are they

72 ADD I SONI A

to the eye, take their first tinge of color and soon thereafter gleamamong the green leaves like polished coral beads singly or clusteredin the short intervals along the branches between leaf and leaf .The leaves themselves at no time show any bright tints of autumncoloring . N or do they persist late in the season but, fall ing away,leave the fruit in beaded wands to glow in frozen swamp and graythi cket well into the winter, the name “

Winterberry ” needing nointerpreter . Of less obvious application, the name “ black alder ”

is said to have reference to the dark color of the older bark .

Thi s is a shrub of friendly habit with other low-

ground woodyspecies of like stature and is not disposed to take so close a growthas to preclude a mixed association with its companions . Amongthem its flowers make no display and have only a brief season inlate June and early July .

The distribution of this species is from Connecticut to Floridaand northward in the interior from Missouri to Wisconsin andOntario . Eastward and northward it gives place to another winterberry, I lex bronxensz

’

s , not widely dissimilar in aspect but of distinctattributes . A derivative of thi s, the N antucket W interberry ,I lex fastigz

’

ata, having smaller and narrower leaves and crowdederect branches, is abundant on N antucket, and is almost insularin its habitat, occurring elsewhere, as far as known, only locally inN ew Jersey .

Our plate is from a shrub growing in the Fruticetum of the N ewYork Botanical Garden , transplanted from the N orth Meadow in1 898. The species is in cultivation, but deserves a wider use inplanted grounds . White-fruited and yellow-fruited forms havebeen reported .

E . P . B I CKNELL.

EXPLANATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .—Fruiting branch . Fig . 2.—Flowering

branch . Fig . 3.—Flower, X 5 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 1 7 A D D IS O N IA

V I O R N A BALDW I N I I

ADD I SON I A 73

(Plate 1 1 7)

VI ORNA BALDWI N I I

P ine-hyacinth

N ative of peninsular Florida

Family RAN UN CULA CEAE CROWFOOT Family

Clematis Baldwinii T . 8: G . Fl . N . Am . 1 : 8. 1 838.

Viorna Baldwinn Small, Fl . SE . U . S. 439. 1 903.

A perennial with a cluster of tough-succulent cord-like roots at

the base of a hard simple or branched caudex . The stems are

solitary or several together, angled or ultimately channeled, finelypubescent, at least when young, sparingly leafy, and simple or inthe case of robust plants sometimes somewhat branched . Theleaves are opposite, in few pairs, distant or sometimes approximateon the branches . The blades are various, either entire throughoutthe plant or entire on the lower part of the stem and lobed above ;those of the lower leaves relatively shorter and broader than thoseof the upper, ovate , oval , elliptic, or lanceolate, half an inch to twoinches long, obtuse or mucronate ; those of the upper ones lanceolate,elliptic-lanceolate, or linear, or palmately or pinnately lobed andwith narrow divisions ; all of them more or less pubescent beneath ,at least when young, or sometimes glabrous, sparingly veined wi ththe veins united in intramarginal loops, and sessile or with shortmargined petioles . The pedicels or flower-stalks are elongate,erect, similar to the stem but more slender and more pubescent,usually copiously pubescent below the flower, the hairs White orwhitish , short, crisped . The flower is solitary at the end of eachpedicel, nodding . The calyx is campanulate, about an inch long,deep lavender and shining without, pale- lavender or whitish within,more or less swollen at the base ; the sepals are sometimes faintlylined, wi th the spreadi ng or recurved margins thin and crispe'd,often sparingly pubescent without, tomentulose wi thin in a linealong the margins . The corolla is wanting . The stamens are

numerous , erect, borne on a receptacle just withi n the whorl ofsepals‘; the filaments are filiform, but slightly flattened, sparinglyvi llous except near the base ; the anthers are linear, glabrous,decidedly shorter than the filaments, abruptly and minutely tippedat the apex . The carpels are numerous, crowded on a hemisphericreceptacle, elongate ; the ovary is ovoid and densely clothed withlong sliky appressed hairs ; the style is filiform, densely clothed withand hidden in the long silky hairs which are loosely appressed onthe lower part and closely appressed on the upper. The stigma isintrorse, slightly recurved at the apex . The achenes are borne inan erect plume-like head ; their bodies are ovoid, fully one sixthof an inch wide, loosely appressed-pubescent, brown, each terminat

7 4 AD D I SON I A

ing in the slenderly elongated style which is conspicuously plumoseby lax sordid hairs .

The clematis-relative here described and figured represents oneof the more interesting plants discovered during a period Of exploration in Florida subsequent to that represented by the Bartrams .

I t was apparently first detected by William Baldwin , a surgeon inthe Un ited States N avy, about the end of the first decade of thelast century, perhaps shortly before he was recalled to activeservice in the war Of 1 81 2 with Great Britain . I t seems strangethat Bartram did not observe this plant or at least mention it inhis Travels ” if he had met wi th it in the field, and it is stillstranger that Baldwin , who did collect it, did not refer to it in hispubl ished letters ,* for, if it is not a conspicuous plant with a showyflower, it is at least attractive, and unique in the flora of Florida .

Either in flower or in fruit thi s plant attracts the eye . I n flowerthe nodding bell - shaped bright flowers are different from thoseof any of the associated plants . The calyx resembles a large hyacinth flower, whence, in connection wi th the plant

’

s habitat, namelythe pinewoods, the popular name, pine-hyacinth . I n fruit itattracts attention by the plumes made up of the numerous longcurled hairy tails of the achenes .

By means of a stout caudex and numerous tough roots the pinehyacinth is able to survive repeated forest fires . These, occurringfrequently, sometimes almost annually, apparently rather stimul atethe plant which, burned off at the surface of the ground, quicklystarts afresh and sends up new flowering stems with decided vigor .The forest fires, occurring at difl

’erent seasons in both neighboring

and distant regions , thus prolong the flowering season of the pinehyacinth throughout the year . I ndividuals planted or growingnaturally in some protected area only, would give the clue to thenormal flowering season of thi s species .

The specimens from which the accompanying plate was madewere collected by the writer in pinelands bordering the Evergladesalong the Tamiami Trail several miles west of Miami , Florida, inMay, 1 91 8.

JOHN K. SM ALL.

EXPLAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . 1 .

-Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Fruit.

*R el iquiae Baldwinianae.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E " 8 A D D I S O N |A

J US S IA EA P E R UV IANA

AD D I SON I A 75

(Plate 1 1 8)

JUSSI AEA PERUVI ANA

M arsh Evening-primrose

N ative from peninsular Florida to South America

Family ON AGRA CEAE EVEN I NG-PR I M ROSE Family

J ussiaea peruviana L. Sp . Pl . 388. 1 753.

A perennial plant, partly woody, the stems fourteen feet tall orless, widely branched, hirsute , with a reddi sh or brown bark whi chcomes off as shreds on the stems and Older branches . The leavesare alternate, numerous , and deep -green . The blades are thickherbaceous, ovate, oval , elliptic, lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate,mostly two to four inches long, or longer, acute or somewhatacuminate , or sometimes obtuse, more or less acuminate at thebase, short-petioled or those near the ends of the branches sessileor nearly so ,

more or less pubescent , sometimes sparingly, at othertimes quite copiously, but always with fewer hairs above thanbeneath ; they are entire, and wi th numerous upwardly curvedlateral veins which are particularly prominent beneath and uniteto form an in tramarginal vein . The flowers are solitary at the endsof short, naked, axillary branches , subtended by a pair of bractswhich are usually deciduous in anthesis or soon after. The bractsare narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, and acuminate . Thehypanthium is turbinate in anthesis and closely fine-pubescent .The four persistent sepals are lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, onethird to two thirds of an inch long, acuminate, ciliate, pubescentwith short and long hairs without and glabrous within . The corollais bright yellow, showy, two to two and a half inches wide . Thefour petals are very broad, the blades varying from suborbicular toorbicular-reniform , more or less notched at the apex, entire, shortclawed, pinnately veined . The stamens are usually eight in number,borne on the edge of the hypanthium and surrounding a stylopodium . The filaments are subulate, alternately shorter and slenderand longer and stout . The anthers are narrowly ellipsoid, as longas the filaments or slightly shorter . The ovary is inferior and withthe top covered by the stylopodium . The style is short and stout,urceolate, usually with a wider top than base . The stigma is ovoidand four—lobed . The capsules are Oblong-pyramidal or pyramidalobovoid, one half to three quarters of an inch long, topped with thesomewhat accrescent stylopodi um, crowned with

“ the “ persistentsepals, 4-ribbed, the sides pubescent, more copiously so about theribs, along which they usually rupture . The seeds are very numerous, obliquely ellipsoid, about one twenty-fourth of an inch long,yellowish, shining .

As modern civilization advanced into Florida, botanical explora

76 AD D I SON I A

tion was taken up, following several natural stages : first the pinelands , then the hammocks were investigated, and later the wet partsof the country, the marshes and the swamps, received some attention . The plant under consideration, an inhabitant of swamps andmarshes, did not appear in botanical literature Of the United Statesuntil the last quarter of the nineteenth century . I t was di scoveredin Florida, almost simultaneously, at the western side of thepeninsula and on the eastern, along the shores of two rivers whi chhave become permanently and prominently associated wi th thebotanical history of N orth America, namely the Caloosahatchieand the Miami .I n Florida j ussiaea peruviana is now known to range from the

lake region to the southern end of the peninsul a . I t thrives onlyin alluvial soil , consequently it does not occur on the Florida Keyswhere alluvium is absent . Outside of Florida it has a very extensive geographic range , extending through the West I ndies andcontinental tropical America to the southern part of South America .

Throughout this wide range the plants show but slight variation incharacters . Thi s fact is noteworthy when we consider that southof Florida thi s species has also considerable altitudinal range

,

commonly occurring at five to six thousand feet elevation in mountainous regions .

Thi s plant was discovered near Lima, Peru , about the begi nningof the eighteenth century . I n that region it enjoyed considerablerepute among the I ndians as a remedy for various di seases . I ts

reputed medicinal qualities do not seem to have been di scoveredby the Seminole I ndians in Florida, although they have lived inthe midst of the plant for generations .This evening-primrose is one Of our giant herbs . Although it

cannot compete with the “ careless (Acnida australis) in themassiveness of its stem, it nearly or qui te equals it in height . Thenumerous large flowers with their bright yellow corollas whi chexpand during the evening, night and early morning are in strongcontrast to the deep-green foliage of the plant .The specimens from which the accompanying plate was made

were collected in May, 1 91 8, by the writer, in the Everglades nearthe source of the west branch of the Miami River ; this streamonce arose there as a rapids flowing over the rocky rim of theEverglades, at one time a picturesque landmark but totallydestroyed during the past few years .

JOHN K. SM ALL.

EXPLANATI ON OFPLATE . Fig. l .—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Fruit, immature.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 1 9 A D D I S O N IA

SA LV IA FA R I N A C EA

ADD I SONI A 77

(Plate 1 1 9)

SALVIA FARI NACEA

Gray Salvia

N ative of Texas and N ew M exico and adjacent M exico

Family LAM I A CEAE MI N T Family

Salvia farinacea Benth . Lab . Gen. Sp . 274. 1 833.

A perennial plant two to three feet tall, with mealy blue or paleblue calyxes, and vi olet or purple corollas . The puberulent stems areusually branched . The leaves are opposite, but often, by thedevelopment of short leafy branches in their axils, appearing as ifin clusters . The blades, commonly on slender petioles less thanan inch long, vary considerably in shape, ranging from linearlanceolate to ovate, but more frequently of the narrower types, andare up to three inches long and an inch and a quarter wide, butusually less than an inch wide ; the surfaces are more or lesspubescent, and the margins entire, undulate or serrate . Theflowers, in racemes up to ten inches long on long naked stalks, arein rather close whorls Of a dozen or more . The calyx is threesixteenths to a quarter of an inch long and tubular-bell-shaped,has prominent nerves, and is at first Of a steel blue, fading paler ;it is covered with a white pubescence which gives it a mealy appearance . The corolla is vi olet or purple, up to five eighths of an inchlong, pubescent externally, two-lipped ; the upper lip is hooded,erect, about half as long as the four-lobed spreading lower lip .

As a perennial plant this has not proven hardy at the N ew YorkBotanical Garden, but as a hardy annual it has been very successful .Self-sown seeds germinate freely in the spring, gi ving an abundanceof seedl ings which require vigorous thinning out . I ts deep-coloredcorollas in contrast with the calyxes and gray foliage give it a striking appearance, and make it a valued addition to the gray border .The species has been in the collections of the N ew York BotanicalGarden since 1 91 5 , and it is from plants from self-sown seed thatthe drawing has been prepared .

The genus Salvia, comprising over five hundred species widelydistributed in temperate and tropical regions, has furnished manyplants of horticul tural value, there being more than fifty nowin cultivation in this country . One of the commonest of these,both in the border and as a bedding plant, is the scarlet sage, Salviasplendens, a native of Brazil ; its blazing color is conspicuous upto the time Of frost . Another species, of widely different appearance

, is Salvia argentea, the foli age densely covered with long silvery

78 ADD I SONI A

hairs ; unfortunately, however, it is a biennial . A plant of economicimportance is Salvia ofiicinalis , the common sage , the leaves ofwhi ch are used for flavoring .

GEORGE V. N ASH.

EXP LAN ATI ON OF PLATE . Fig . l .

-Flowering stem . Fig . 2.—Flower, cut

Open , X 2 . Fig . 3.-Stamens, front view, X2 . Fig . 4.

—Stamens, side view, X 2 .

Fig . 5 .4 tyle, X 2 .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

P LAT E 1 2 0 A D D I S O N I A

D I A N T H E R A C R A S S I FO L IA

AD D I SON I A 79

(Plate 1 20)

D I ANTHERA CRASSI FOLI A

Florida Water-willow

N ative of Florida

Family ACANTHA cEAE A CANTHUS Family

D ianthera crassifolia Chapm. Fl . S. U . S. 304. 1 860.

A perennial plant, with horizontal , often branched, succulent,nodose rootstocks . The stems are solitary, tufted or gregarious ,four to sixteen inches tall, sometimes branched at the base, succulentand glabrous . The leaves are opposite, quite various ; those of thelowest pair have orbicular, oval , ovate, or obovate blades, those onthe lower part of the stem , spatulate to linear-spatulate, those on theupper part of the stem, linear-lanceolate to linear, often narrowlyso, or sometimes all narrowly linear above the lowest pair or two ;all gradually or abruptly narrowed into short and stout petioles .The blades are entire but Often wavy-margined, or sometimesobscurely toothed . The flowers are borne in long-peduncled elongate virgate spike-like panicles, each subtended by an involucre-likegroup of bracts . The calyx is green, usually a quarter to a halfinch long, with linear acuminate lobes which stand erect or nearly so .

The corolla is rose—purple, except for some paler figuring in thethroat and on the lower lip , and the base of the tube, whi ch isgreen or sometimes pink or nearly whi te ; it is three quarters of aninch to one inch long, the tube very short and somewhat swollen ;the limb consists of a narrow upper lip, reflexed and two-lobed atthe apex, and a very broad spreading three- lobed lower lip wi th themiddle lobe slightly notched at the apex and the somewhat narrowerlateral lobes entire . The filaments and anther-connective are pale .The anther-sacs are dark brown, one twelfth to one eighth Of aninch long . The ovary is conic and terminated by a fili form style,with obtuse stigmas . The capsule is about one inch long or less,with an ellipsoid body whi ch terminates a stipe-like base of aboutequal length . The seeds are orbicular, flat, and about one sixthof an inch in diameter .I n the northern states many are well acquainted with the water

willow, D ianthera americana , which grows in Often extensive patchesor large areas on flat shores or about islands . The stems are Oftenpartly submerged . That plant is relatively large but its flowersare rather inconspicuous .I n the southern states there are several smaller water-willows,

but their flowers, although mostly white, are much more conspicuous than those of the northern plant . However, the mostshowy of all is the one here illustrated . I t is an inhabitant of

80 ADD I SON I A

Florida, and is particularly abund ant in the Everglade regi on ofthat state . I n the Everglades and adjacent marshes it often growsin vast patches, and in the morning the bright-colored corollas areexceedingly conspicuous .This plant was discovered in middle Florida about the middle of

the last century, by A . W . Chapman , who first described it in 1 860 .

I t was recorded as growing in wet pine barrens at the originallocality . Since the early collections were made it has been foundto inhabit prairi es , hammocks, and particularly the Everglades .Outside of the Everglades it grows in either sand or clay, but in theEverglades it Often grows in almost pure decayed vegetable matter .There its rootstocks, enclosed in the wet spongy mass of humus,absorb moisture and nutriment sufli cient to produce a more luxuriant growth than I have seen elsewhere . Sometimes acres arecovered with a growth of this showy water-willow, almost to theexclusion of other vegetation .

The specimen from whi ch the accompanying illustration wasmade was collected in the Everglades along the Tamiami Trail,April 28, 1 91 8, by the writer .

JOHN K . SM ALL.

EXPLAN ATI ON OFPLATE . Fig. 1 . -Flowering stem. Fig . 2.—Flower. Fig . 3

—Flower, cut open, x Fig. 4.—Fruit.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

82 AD D I SON I A

Cornelian Cherry, 1 7 , 4 1

Cornus, 1 7

M as, 4 1 , plate 1 01

M as, 1 7

ofi cinalis, 1 7, plate 89

ofiicinalis, 4 1

Cotoneaster, Simons’, 2 1Cotoneaster, 2 1

31111 0 11 51 1 : 2 1 . plate 91 FABA CEAE : M aackia amurensi s BuerCotyledon nodulosa, 23 geri, pl 87Crassula , Tree, 57 Fire-on-the-mountain, 1 2

Crassula, 57

portulacea, 57 , plate 1 09 Gesneria family 29CRA SSULA CEAE‘

“

Crassula portulacea, GESNERI A CEAE : Sinningia speciosa, pl.pl . 1 09; Echeveri a nodulosa, pl . 92 95

Crowfoot family, 73C ox lon 1 3

GLEASON .HENRY ALLAN : Echinacea

yn ypurpurea, 67

D ate-plum, 1 06 10x1 72“!

D iantheraamericana, 79

crassifolia, 79, plate 1 20

D ichrophyllummarginatum, 1 1

D iospyrosconcolor, 9

pubescens, 9

virginiana, 9, plate 85

D iscocarpus, 6

D ogwood, Japanese Early, 1 7

D ogwood fami ly, 1 7 , 4 1

EBENACEAE : D iospyros virginiana,85

Ebony family, 9Echeveria, R ed-margined, 23

Echeveria, 23

nodulosa, 23, plate 92

Echinacea

angustifolia, 67

pallida , 67

paradoxa, 67

purpurea, 67, plate 1 1 4tennesseensis, 67

Echinocactus

M ostii , 5

multiflorus, 5

Euonymus, Winged, 7Euonymus , 8

alata, 7 , plate 84Thunbergiana , 7

Euphorbia

leucoloma , 1 1

marginata , 1 1

EUPHORHI A CEAE : Lepadena marginata, pl . 86

Evening-primrose, M arsh, 75

Evening-primrose family, 7S

maculata, 29

speciosa, 29

Goldenrod, Ragged, 43

Gymnocalycium,

M any-flowered, 5

M ost’s, 5Gymnocalycium, 6

M ostii , 5, plate 838

multiflorum, 5, plate 83A

ica, pl . 98

Hamameli s, 36

arborea , 35, 36

japonica, 35, plate 98

j aponica arborea, 36

mollis, 36

vernalis, 36

virginiana , 35, 36

Haw, B lack, 59Helianthus orgyalis, 25, plate 93

Heliotropium Leavenworthii , 66

Hibiscus

M oscheutos, 37, plate 99

M oscheutos, 1 6

M oscheutos albus, 1 5

oculiroseus, 1 5, plate 88

opulifolius, 37

palustris, 37

HOLLI CK, CHARLES ARTHUR :

N ovae-Angliae, 3

ADD I SON I A

Holly family, 5 1 , 7 1Honeysuckle family, 27 , 59, 6 1

Hylomecon, 31

I lex, 5 1

argutidens, 5 1

bronxensis, 72

crenata, 5 1

fastigiata, 72

glabra, 5 1

opaca, 5 1

serrata argutidens, 5 1 , plate 1 06

verticillata, 7 1 , plate 1 1 6

Jussiaea peruviana, 75, plate 1 1 8

LAM I A CEAE : Salvia farinaceaLantana, Pineland, 69Lantana, 69

depressa, 69, plate 1 1 5Lepadena

leucoloma, 1 1

marginata, 1 1 , plate 86

Ligeria, M aximilian’

s , 29

Ligaria M aximiliana, 29, 30

Lonicera Symphoricarpos, 6 1

M aackia, 1 4

amurensis, 1 4

amurensis Buergeri, 1 3, plate 87

Tashiroi , 1 4

M agnolia, Thurber’

s, 55

M agnolia, 55

grandiflora, 56

Kobus, 55, plate 1 08

Thu beri, 55

virginiana, 56

M agnolia family, 55M AGN OLI A CEAE : M agnolia Kobus, pl.

1 08

M ALA CEAE : Aronia arbutifolia, pl . 97;Aronia atropurpurea, pl. 81 ; Coton

easter Simonsi i , pl. 91

M alacocarpus,'

6

M allow, Crimson-eye, 1 5

M allow family, 1 5, 37M ALVA CEAE : Hibi scus M oscheutos, pl.

99; Hibiscus oculiroseus, pl. 88

M econopsi s diphylla, 31

83

arbutifolia, 33arbutifolia erythrocarpa, 33

M int family, 77

PAPA VERA CEAE : Stylophorum diphyl

lum, pl . 96

Pea family, 1 3Pear, Prickly, 1 9, 49

PENN ELL, FRAN CI S WHI TTI ER :phoricarpos Symphoricarpos, 6 1

Persimmon, 9

P ine-hyacinth, 73

Sym~

N ASH, GEOR GE VALENTI NE : Calli

carpa j aponica, 45 ; Cornus M as, 4 1 ;

Cornus ofllcinalis, 1 7 ; Cotoneaster

Simonsi i , 2 1 ; Crassula portulacea, .57

Euonymus alata, 7 ; Hamamelis j apanica, 35 ; I lex serrata argutidens, 5 1

M aackia amurensi s Buergeri , 1 3;

M agnolia Kobus, 55 ; Othonna cras

sifolia, 53; Salvia farinacea, 77 ; Sobrolio sessilis, 39 ; Spiraco Thun

borgu , 63; Symphoricarpos albus lae

vigatus, 27

ON AGRA CEAE : J ussiaea peruviana, pl.1 1 8

Opuntiacespitosa, 49

chaetocarpa, 1 9

humifusa, 49intermedia, 49

lasiacantha, 1 9, plate 90

megacantha , 20

megacantha lasiacantha, 1 9

mesacantha, 49

nana, 49, 50

Opuntia, 49, plate 1 05Rafines

’

quei , 49

Rafinesquiana, 49

vulgari s, 49, 50

vulgaris Rafinesquei , 49

Orchid fami ly, 39OR CHI DACEAE : Sobralia sessilis, pl. 1 00Orpine family, 23, 57Othonna, Thick-leaved, 53Othonna crassifolia, 53, plate 1 07

84

Poinsettia heterophylla, 1 2

Poppy, Celandine, 31Poppy family, 31Possum-wood, 1 0

Prickly Pear,Eastern, 49

Slender White-spined, 1 9P rinos verticillatus, 7 1

Pyrus

arbutifolia, 33arbutifolia atropurpurea, 1

atropurpurea, 1

RAN UN CULA CEAE : Vio ma Baldwinii ,

pl . 1 1 7

R OSA CEAE : Spiraea Thunbergu , pl . 1 1 2

R ose family, 63R OSE, JOSEPH N ELSON : Echeveria nod

alosa, 23; Gymnocalycium M ostn , 5 ;

Gymnocalycium multiflorum, 5 ; Sin

ningia spec osa, 29

Rose-M allow,

Crimson-eye, 1 5

Rudbeckia purpurea, 67

RUSBY , HENR Y HURD : Viburnum pru

nifolium, 59

Common, 78

Salvia, Gray, 77

Salvia, 7 7

argentea, 77

farinacea, 77, plate 1 1 9oflicinalis, 78splendens, 7 7

Simmon, 1 0

Sinningia, 29

speciosa, 29, plate 95SM ALL, JOHN KUNKEL : Coreopsis

Leavenworthn , 65 ; D ianthera crassi

folio, 79 ; D iospyros virginiana, 9

J ussiaea peruviana, 75 ; Lantana de

pressa, 69; Solz'

dago squarrosa, 43;

Vi oma Baldwinii , 73

Snowberry, 27, 62

Snow-on-the-mountain, 1 1

ADD I SONI A

Thistle family, 3, 25, 43, 47, 53, 65, 67Tickseed, Leavenworth’

s, 65

T’Karchay, 57

Tree Grassula, 57

Tuna, 1 9

VERBENA CEAE : Callicarpa j aponica,pl. 1 03; Lantana depressa, pl. 1 1 5

Vervain family, 45, 69Viburnum prunifolium, 59, plate 1 1 0

Viorna Baldwinii , 73, plate 1 1 7

Y ellow-wood, Japanese, 1 3

Sobralia, Sm ile-flowered, 39

Sobralia, 39

macrantha, 39

sessilis, 39, plate 1 00

Solidago

confertifiora, 43squarrosa , 43, plate 1 02

Spiraea , Thunberg’

s, 63

Spiraea, 64crenata, 63, 64

Thunbergii, 63, plate 1 1 2

Spurge family, 1 1Staff-tree family, 7STOUT, ARLow BURDETTE : Hi bi scus

M oscheutos, 37 ; Hibiscus oculiroseus,1 5

Stylophorum, 31

diphyllum, 31 , plate 96

Sunflower, Linear-leaved, 25Symphoricarpos, 27

albus laevigatus, 27, plate 94

orbiculatus, 6 1

racemosus laevigatus, 27

Symphoricarpos, 6 1 , plate 1 1 1vulgaris, 6 1

Water-Willow, 79

Florida, 79Winterberry, 7 1Japanese Sharp-toothed, 5 1N antucket, 72

Witch-haz el, Japanese, 35Witch-hazel family, 35

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join