AdvancedAdvanced MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

Grzegorz BudzyGrzegorz Budzyńń

LLectureecture 2:2:88--bit bit microcontrollersmicrocontrollers: AVR : AVR andand PIC PIC familiesfamilies

Plan• AVR

– ATTiny

– ATMega

– ATXMega

• PIC

– PIC10/12

– PIC16/18

Introduction - AVR

Introduction

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Introduction

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ATTiny

ATTiny

• Main features:

– RISC processors – few instructions, high clockfrequency

– 8-bit processors with simplified architecture

– Most instructions executed in one clock cycle

– Clock range up to 20MHz

– 1 MIPS/MHz

ATTiny

• Main features:

– Small amount of program memory (0.5-8kB)

– Small amount of SRAM (< 512B)

– Small cases (down to SOT23-6) – 6-32 pins

– Energy efficient (PicoPower)

– Low voltage supply – from 0.7V!!!

– Capacitive Touch technology

ATTiny10 – block diagram

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ATTiny10 – pinout

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ATTiny10 – instructions

ATMega

ATMega

• Main features:

– RISC processors – few instructions, high clockfrequency

– Large family of 8-bit processors

– Most instructions executed in one clock cycle

– Clock range up to 20MHz

– 1 MIPS/MHz

ATMega

• Main features:

– Sufficient amount of program memory (4kB-

256kB)

– Sufficient amount of SRAM (512B-16kB)

– EEPROM present (256B-4096B)

– Some versions energy efficient (PicoPower)

– Low voltage supply – even from 0.9V

ATMega• Main features:

– 8 channels of 10-bit ADC

– Analogue comparator

– 4 Timers (2 x 16 bit, 2 x 8 bit)

– 34 interrupt sources

– 8 PWM channels

– RTC

– SPI

– UART

ATMega64 – block diagram

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ATMega64 – Instruction List

ATMega64 – Sample code

ATMega64 – Pinout

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ATXMega

ATXMega• Main features:

– New family of 8/16 bit processors

– RISC processors – few instructions, high clock

frequency

– Most instructions executed in one clock cycle

– Clock range up to 32MHz

– 1 MIPS/MHz

ATXMega• Main features:

– Sufficient amount of program memory (16kB-

384kB)

– Sufficient amount of SRAM (2kB-32kB)

– EEPROM (1kB-4kB)

– Energy efficient (PicoPower)

– Low voltage supply – from 1.6V

– Many interesting peripherals (DMA)

– Fast Cryptography support for AES and DES

ATXMega• Main features:

– High precision analog:

• 12-bit ADCs with gain stage and combined throughput

of 4 MSPS

• Fast 12-bit DAC with high drive strength and other

functions that reduce the need for external

components

– Inter-peripheral signaling with 100% predictable

response time

– AVR Software Library with many ready solutions

– USB connectivity

ATXMega

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ATXMega64A1• Main features:

– 16 channels of 10-bit ADC

– 4 Analogue comparators

– 8 Timers (all 16 bit wide)

– 24 PWM channels

– RTC

– 4 x SPI

– 8 x UART

– DMA

ATXMega64A1 - CPU• Main features:

– Harvard architecture

– Single stage pipelining

– Hardware multiplier with hardware support for

data cipher/decipher

– Support for 8-, 16- and 32-bits arithmetics

– Direct addressing of 16MB of data and program

memory

ATXMega64A1 - DMAC

DMAC – Direct Memory Access Controller

- CPU-independent data transfer that

significantly boosts performance

ATXMega64A1 - DMAC

DMAC – Direct Memory Access Controller

• Main features:

– Fast data transfer:

• From memory to peripherals

• From memory to memory

• From peripherals to memory

• From peripherals to peripherals

– 4 channels

ATXMega64A1 – Event System

- XMEGA Event System enables inter-peripheral

communication without CPU or DMA usage

- Up to 8 simultaneous events or interrupt conditions in

the peripherals can automatically start actions in

other peripherals

ATXMega64A1 – Event System

ATXMega64A1 – PMIC

- PMIC - Programmable Multi-level Interrupt

Controller

- Features:

- Separate interrupt vector for each interrupt

- Short, predictable interrupt response time

- Programmable Multi-level Interrupt Controller

- 3 programmable interrupt levels

- Selectable priority scheme within low level interrupts (round-robin

or fixed)

- Non-Maskable Interrupts (NMI)

- All peripherals can define three different priority levels for

interrupts; high, medium or low.

ATXMega64A1 – PMIC

- PMIC - Programmable Multi-level Interrupt

Controller

- Features:

- 45 interrupt bases

- The interrupt vector is the sum of the peripheral’s base interrupt

address and the offset address for specific interrupts in each

peripheral (abundance of interrupts!)

- Medium level interrupts may interrupt low level interrupt service

routines

- High level interrupts may interrupt both low and medium level

interrupt service routines

ATXMega64A1 – PMIC

ATXMega64A3U - ADC• 12-bit resolution

• Up to 2 Million Samples Per Second

– 4 inputs can be sampled within 1.5μs

– Down to 2.5μs conversion time with 8-bit resolution

– Down to 3.5μs conversion time with 12-bit resolution

• Differential and Single-ended input

– Up to 16 single-ended inputs

– 16x4 differential inputs without gain

– 16x4 differential input with gain

ATXMega64A3U - ADC• Built in differential gain stage

– 1/2x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x and 64x gain options

• Single, continues and scan conversion options

• 4 internal inputs

– Internal Temperature sensor

– DAC Output

– VCC voltage divided by 10

– 1.1V Bandgap voltage

ATXMega64A3U - ADC• 4 conversion channels with individual input control

and result registers

– Enable 4 parallel configurations and results

• Internal and external reference options

• Compare function for accurate monitoring of user

defined thresholds

• Optional event triggered conversion for accurate

timing

• Optional DMA transfer of conversion results

ATXMega64A3U - ADC

ATXMega64A3U - DAC• 12-bit resolution

• Up to 1Million Samples Per Second conversion rate

per DAC channel

• Built in calibration that removes

– Offset error

– Gain error

• Multiple conversion trigger sources

– On new available data

– Events from the Event System

ATXMega64A3U - DAC• High drive capabilities and support for

– Resistive load

– Capacitive load

– Combined resistive and capacitive load

• Internal and external reference options

• DAC output available as input to Analog Comparator

and ADC

• Low Power mode with reduced drive strength

• Optional DMA transfer of data

ATXMega64A3U - DAC

ATXMega64A3U - USB• One USB 2.0 full speed (12Mbps) and low speed (1.5Mbps)

device compliant interface

• Integrated on-chip USB transceiver, no external components

needed

• 16 endpoint addresses with full endpoint flexibility for up to

32 endpoints

– One input endpoint per endpoint address

– One output endpoint per endpoint address

• Built in Direct Memory Access (DMA) to internal SRAM for

– Endpoint configurations

– Read and write of endpoint data

Wireless AVR

Wireless AVR – Single Chip solution

• Currently only one single chip AVR available:

ATMega128RFA1

• IEEE 802.15.4 compliant (ZigBee) @ 2.4GHz

• Combination of ATMega core and RF

transceiver

ATMega128RFA1

• Features:

– supply voltage range down to 1.8V

– fast wake-up time from SLEEP mode to active

modes

– variety of power-down modes, such as a wake-on-

radio feature help keeping RF transceiver active

while the microcontroller sleeps (higher efficiency!)

ATMega128RFA1

• Features:

– Max clock 16MHz

– 2-cycle on chip multiplier

– 10-bit ADC, analog comparator

– 2xUSART, TWI, SPI

– RTC

– Case: 64-pin QFN

ATMega128RFA1

Introduction - PIC

Introduction

Introduction

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Introduction - Architecture

• Main features:

– 8-bit RISC processors with modified Harvard

architecture (instructions and data on separate

busses)

– Two-stage pipelining

– Single word instructions

PIC10

PIC10

PIC10• Main features (1/2):

– Very simplified RISC processors

– Very few instructions (~30)

– Low clock rate,

– Difficulties in assembler programming

– Most instructions executed in one instruction

clock cycle (1/4 clock rate)

– Clock range up to 4MHz

PIC10

• Main features (2/2):

– Very tiny amount of program memory (< 750B)

– Almost no SRAM (< 24B)

– Small and very small cases (SOT23-6, DFN8,

PDIP8)

– Very low power consumption (NanoWatt)

– Low voltage supply – from 2V to 5V

PIC10F200 – block diagram

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PIC10F200 – pinout

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PIC10F200 – instructions (33!)

PIC10F200 – instructions (33!)

PIC12

PIC12

• Main features (1/2):

– Simplified RISC processors

– Few instructions (>30)

– „Decent” clock rate,

– Difficulties in assembler programming

– Most instructions executed in one instruction

clock cycle (1/4 clock rate)

– Clock range up to 20MHz

PIC12

• Main features (2/2):

– Small amount of program memory (< 3750B)

– Almost no SRAM (< 128B)

– Small and very small cases (MSOP8, DFN8, PDIP8)

– Very low power consumption (NanoWatt)

– Low voltage supply – from 2V to 5V

PIC12F615 –

block diagram

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PIC16

PIC16

PIC16

• Main features (1/3):

– RISC processors

– Rich family of processors

– More assembler instructions than in PIC10 and

PIC12

– Most instructions executed in one instruction

clock cycle (1/4 clock rate)

– Good performance - clock range up to 32MHz

PIC16

• Main features (2/3):

– More than 75 products @ 20 MHz

– Up to 16kB of program memory

– Up to1024B of SRAM

– EEPROM present (but not in all devices)

– Low power consumption (NanoWatt)

– Low voltage supply – from 1.8V to 5V

PIC16

• Main features (3/3):

– 10-bit ADC

– Analog comparator

– UART, USB, SPI

– USB

– Timers (PWM)

– Cap Sense

– LCD Drivers

PIC18

PIC18

PIC18

• Main features :

– Efficient RISC processors

– Good performance – up to 16MIPS

– Clock range up to 64MHz

– Low power consumption (nanoWatt)

– Large number of different peripherals

PIC18

• Main features :

– >200 devices: 18-100 pins

– Up to 128 KB Flash, 4 KB RAM, 1KB EEPROM

– Advanced Peripherals:

- USB, Ethernet, CAN

- 10 & 12-bit ADCs

- Charge Time Measurement Unit

- Integrated LCD Drivers

- Peripheral Pin Select

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PIC18F2685 – multiplier• PIC18 processors have 8x8 hardware multipliers

– larger efficiency at the same cost

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PIC18F47J53 – nanoWatt XLP• Main features :

– Deep Sleep mode: CPU off, Peripherals off, Currents Down to 13 nA and 850 nA with RTCC

– Able to wake-up on external triggers, programmable WDT or RTCC alarm

– Sleep mode: CPU off, Peripherals off, SRAM on, Fast Wake-up, Currents Down to 105 nA Typical

– Idle: CPU off, Peripherals on, Currents Down to 2.3 uATypical

– Run: CPU on, Peripherals on, Currents Down to 6.2 uATypical

– Watchdog Timer: 0.8 μA, 2V Typical

PIC18F47J53 – PMP

PMP – Parallel Master Port

– 8-bit, highly configurable, parallel I/O module

– designed to communicate with a wide variety of

parallel devices:

• communication peripherals,

• LCDs,

• external memory

• devices and microcontrollers

PIC18F47J53 – PMP• Main features :

– Up to 16 bits of addressing when using data/address multiplexing

– Up to 8 Programmable Address Lines

– One Chip Select Line

– Programmable Strobe Options:• Individual Read and Write Strobes or;

• Read/Write Strobe with Enable Strobe

– Address Auto-Increment/Auto-Decrement

– Programmable Polarity on Control Signals

– Programmable Wait States

– Selectable Input Voltage Levels

PIC18F47J53 – PMP

PIC18F47J53 – RTCCRTCC – Real Time Clock and Callendar

– Time: hours, minutes and seconds

– 24-hour format (military time)

– Calendar: weekday, date, month and year

– Alarm configurable

– Year range: 2000 to 2099

– Leap year correction

– BCD format for compact firmware

– Optimized for low-power operation

– User calibration with auto-adjust

– Calibration range: +/-2.64 seconds error per month

– Requirements: external 32.768 kHz clock crystal

Thank you for your attention

References[1] www.atmel.com

[2] ATTiny10 documentation; www.atmel.com

[3] ATMega64 documentation; www.atmel.com

[4] ATxMega64A1 documentation; www.atmel.com

[5] www.microchip.com

[6] PIC10F200 documentation; www.microchip.com

[7] PIC12F615 documentation; www.microchip.com

[8] PIC16F1934 documentation; www.microchip.com

[9] PIC18F2685 documentation; www.microchip.com