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Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja

automatiseerimine Loeng 1

Ülevaade kursusest

Enn Õunapuu

enn@cc.ttu.ee

Väljakutse

• Tees: Lähiajal tuleb otsustavalt muuta seda

viisi, kuidas me loome infosüsteeme

• Moore seadus: Arvutustehnika võimsus

kasvab kahekordseks iga 18 kuuga

• Wirthi seadus: Tarkvara aeglustub kiiremini

kui raudvara kiireneb

Eriti aeglustub tarkvara loomine ja silumine

• Niklaus Wirth: Software gets slower faster

than hardware gets faster

• Infosüsteemide loomine on liiga kallis, võtab

kaua aega ja nad ei häälestu muutuvatele

tingimustele

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• IT kaasaegsed trendid

• Äriprotsesside modelleerimine

• BPM ja SOA

• Äriprotsesside mõõtmine

• Küsimused

Kava

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Kursuse sisu

• Nimetus: Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja

automatiseerimine (Business process

modeling and automation)

• Kood: IDU0111

• Soovituslikud eeldusained: IDU3530

“Sissejuhatus infosüsteemidesse”

• Üldmaht: 32 tundi loenguid, 32 tundi praktikume

• Kestvus: 16 õppenädalat,

igas nädalas 2 t loenguid, 2 t praktikume

• Ainepunkte: 5

• Hindamisviis: E

• Õpetamisaeg: sügissemester (S)

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Õppetöö sisu

Vaadeldakse äriprotsesside modelleerimise ja

automatiseerimise kaaasaegseid võimalusi.

Pärast kursuse läbimist üliõpilased oskavad:

Äriprotsesse modelleerida ja dokumenteerida

Äriprotsesside efektiivsust mõõta

Äriprotsesse arendada

Äriprotsesse automatiseerida

Elektroonseid dokumente juurutada

Kasutada olemasolevaid teenuseid efektiivselt oma

äriprotsessides

Hinne moodustub protsessi analüüsi projekti

kaitsmise ja teooria testi tulemusest. Täpsem

hinde kujunemise valem antakse esimeses

loengus. 6

Seos praktikaga

• Praktikume viivad läbi meie IT- tööstuse

juhtfirmade spetsid.

• Osa loenguid peavad ka praktikud.

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Moore seadus

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DNA uurimine, mälu, kommunikatsioon,

internet ja nanotehnoloogia

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Internet

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RFID

• Kõrgsageduslik identifitseerimine on automaatneobjektide äratundmise kaugmeetod, mis kasutabspetsiaalseid automaatsaatjaid-vastuvõtjaid(kapsleid) informatsiooni edastamiseks. Nimetatudkapslid on üliväikesed, ei vaja vooluallikat ja neidon võimalik süstida näiteks naha alla.

• Tuleviku RFID süsteemid võimaldavad luua uusi “tarku” rakendusi. Objektide äratundmine ja jälgimine muutub oluliselt

lihtsamaks.

Varastamine (USA-s 500 miljardit kahju) palju raskemaks.

• Privaatsus on murelapseks. Kuid olen kindel, et leitakse võimalused turvalisteks ja tarbijasõbralikeks lahendusteks.

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Sensorvõrgud

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Andmekeskused

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Application State Separated from the Machine

Per-UserPer-App

State

Safetyand Sand-

Boxing

Controlledand SafeSharing

across Apps

Controlledand SafeSharing

across Users

The State in the Cloud

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Kõikehõlmav intellekt

• Praeguseks oleme jõudnud kõikjal oleva

intellekti ajajärku (Ambient Intelligence – AmI)

• Nimetatud suund on Euroopa Liidus võetud

info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia (IKT)

arengu aluseks

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Kommunikatsiooni- ja grupitöö

lahendused – Web 2.0

• Web 2.0 arvutitööstuse ärirevolutsioon, mille

kutsus esile Interneti kui lahenduste loomise

platvormi kasutuselevõtt.

• Kui siiani lävisid Internetis inimesed, siis nüüd

saavad ka arvutid Interneti abil omavahel

lävida.

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Web 2.0 kui teenustele orienteeritud

arhitektuur

IBM-i sotsiaalse võrgustiku analüütik

Dario de Judicibus, esitas aga järgmise

määrangu:

“Web 2.0 on teadmustele orienteeritud

keskkond, kus inimestevaheline

kommunikatsioon genereerib Interneti sisu, et

seda publitseerida, hallata ja kasutada läbi

teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuuri”

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Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur

• Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur on

omavahel seotud teenuste kogum. Need

teenused vahetavad omavahel teateid.

• Teated omakorda jagunevad

päringteadeteks (request) ja

vastusteadeteks (response).

• Teenuste koordineerimiseks on kasutusel

spetsiaalsed vahendid (näiteks Biztalk server)

• Teenus on täpselt määratletud funktsioon, mis

on kirjeldatud spetsiaalse lepinguga

(WSDL – web service description language)

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Ettevõtte teenuste siin

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Tarkvara kui teenuse näiteid

http://sites.google.com/

http://www.logoogle.com/google-links.htm

• Kasutajad saavad luua oma veebilehe ja teha koostööd

kasutades Google rakendusi (Google Docs, Google

Calendar, YouTube ja Picasa).

Veebilehe loomine on väga lihtne ja sarnane tekstiredaktori

käsitlemisega

Saab määrata erinevate kasutajate õigusi ja seda, mis on neile

nähtav

• Iga Google rakendus saab 10GB mälu

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Äriprotsessi määrang

• The word “process” is defined in the dictionary

as “a series of actions, changes, or functions

bringing about a result”

• Martyn Ould: A process is a coherent set of

activities carried out by a collaborating group

to achieve a goal

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BPM definition

Business process management (BPM) is a

management approach focused on aligning all

aspects of an organization with the wants and

needs of clients. It is a holistic management

approach that promotes business effectiveness

and efficiency while striving for innovation,

flexibility, and integration with technology.

Business process management attempts to

improve processes continuously. It could therefore

be described as a "process optimization process"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_management

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BPMS definition

Some define the BPM System or Suite

(BPMS) as "the whole of BPM."

Others will relate the important concept of

information moving between enterprise

software packages and immediately think of

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).

Still others limit the definition to "modeling... to

create the „perfect‟ process"

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Components of BPM Suite

There are four critical components of a BPM Suite:

• Process Engine – a robust platform for modeling and

executing process-based applications, including

business rules

• Business Analytics – enable managers to identify

business issues, trends, and opportunities with reports

and dashboards and react accordingly

• Content Management – provides a system for storing

and securing electronic documents, images, and other

files

• Collaboration Tools – remove intra- and

interdepartmental communication barriers through

discussion forums, dynamic workspaces, and message

boards

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Vendors

Our Business Process Management (BPM)

Decision Matrix report explores the competitive

dynamics within the BPM market and helps

businesses select a vendor based on its

technology strength, reputation among

customers, and impact in the market. We

provides a complete view of vendor capabilities

and advises on those you should explore,

consider and, most importantly, shortlist

Vendors covered: Active Endpoints, Appian,

AuraPortal, Cordys, Intalio, IBM, Lombardi,

Metastorm, Oracle, Pegasystems, SAP,

Savvion, Tibco, Ultimus

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Rule engine

Business rules engine is a software system

that executes one or more business rules in a

runtime production environment.

The rules might come from legal regulation

("An employee can be fired for any reason or

no reason but not for an illegal reason"),

company policy ("All customers that spend

more than $100 at one time will receive a

10% discount"), or other sources.

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BPM and rule engine separation

This separation is important because the

same business judgment (mortgage meets

underwriting criteria) or business event (router

is overloaded) can be reacted to by many

different work flows.

Embedding the work done in response to rule-

driven knowledge creation into the rule itself

greatly reduces the ability of business rules to

be reused across an organization because it

makes them work-flow specific.

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Miks modelleerida?1) Describing a process: we model a process to be able to

describe it. We could have different target audiences for thesedescriptions, for instance, humans, in which caseunderstandability is important, or machines, in which caseformality is important.

2) Analyzing a process: simply put, process analysis consistsof assessing the properties of a process. Process re-engineering and improvement relies on an analysis of existingprocesses to identify redundant or sub-optimal steps. If theprocess is described formally, we can verify mechanicallystructural properties such as coupling and cohesion ordynamic properties such as the absence of deadlock, livenessproperties, etc.

3) Enacting a process: we may enact a process for simulationpurposes or to provide some level of support for processexecution. Depending on the language, this support can takedifferent forms : reacting to events triggered by the executionof the process, to checking that specific constraints are satisfied, driving the execution of the process. Only formallanguages1 make process enactment possible.

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Modeleerimiskeeled

1) Traditional process modeling languages: theselanguages mostly come from the MIS tradition ofinformation engineering and from work on business processengineering. IDEF, Petri Nets, Event Process Chains (EPC), Role Activity Diagrams [Ould, 1995], Resource-Event-Agent(REA) [], and the recently minted Business ProcessModeling Language [BPMI,2003].

2) Workflow modeling languages: roughly speaking, a workflow management system is a computer system thatmanages a business process by assigning activities of theprocess to the right resources, by “moving” work items (e.g., documents, orders, etc.) from one processing step to thenext, and by tracking the progress of the process[WfMC,2002]. These languages are, for the most part, formal and executable. We will talk about the WorkflowProcess Description Language (WPDL) [WfMC,1999] and proposed interchange formats such as PIF [Lee et al., 1996] and PSL [NIST,2002].

3) Process integration languages: the advent of inter-enterprise electronic business (B2B) has spurred interest inprocess modeling languages for the purposes of integratingthe processes of two or more business partners. Biztalk

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Gartneri ennustused – I

By 2014, business process networks (BPNs)

will underpin 35 per cent of new

multienterprise integration projects.

While traditional horizontal-integration solutions

provide all the technology necessary to

implement B2B integration projects, they

historically haven't included the same degree of

prebundling of all the essential artifacts

necessary to fully integrate a multienterprise

process.

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Gartneri ennustused – II

By 2014, 40 per cent of business managers

and knowledge workers in Global 2000

enterprises will use comprehensive business

process models to support their daily work,

up from 6 per cent in 2009.

• Comprehensive graphical (rather than textual)

and explicit process models that capture and

represent organisational knowledge will create a

shared language for business and IT roles.

Explicit process models enable superior process

performance by providing a more complete

operational context to better interpret information

and apply analytics, and to enable agile execution

to adapt to new business patterns. 38

Gartneri ennustused – III

Through 2014, the act of composition will be

a stronger opportunity to deliver value from

software than the act of development.

Modelling and assembling software components

into a composition is proving to be more efficient

and effective than writing code. Inevitably,

common capabilities will be associated with an

integrated composition environment (ICE) to be

sold to various roles engaged in the act of

composition. The ICE will bring together design

and runtime elements to support the entire life

cycle.

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Technology tools that were part

of evolution of BPM

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Mudelitel põhinev tarkvara arendus

• Protsessitundlik infosüsteem

• Äriprotsessid on selles lähenemisviisis

põhilised

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Äriprotsesside modeleerimise

perspektiivid

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Perspektiivide metamudel

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Äriprotsessi konteksti perspektiiv

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Kuidas erinevad vahendid toetavad

neid perspektiive

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BPMN

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Core elements

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Näited

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Examples

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E-Mail Voting Process

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“Discussion Cycle” Sub-Process

Details

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“Collect Votes” Sub-Process Details

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The last segment of E-Mail Voting Process

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Vahendid

• Bizagi

• xCase

• ProM

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Küsimused

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