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A C T S & F A C T S | J U L Y 2 0 1 34

F R O M T H E E D I T O R

W e often think of freedom in a militarysensea war is won, soldiers returnhome, prisoners are freed, and bul-lets no longer y. People walk their

streets in safety, and citizens enjoy such rights as freespeech, voting, and worshipping as they choose. Fromthis perspective, liberty is achieved through forcecombat or a military presence and maintained throughlaws, governing bodies, judges, and men and womenwho ght against those who oppose freedom.

This is certainly a simplistic representation of lib-erty, because true freedom is so much more than livingwithout warfreedom goes far beyond mere outwardorder and nominal compliance. Dr. Henry Morris IIIaddresses this in his feature article Genuine Liberty(pages 5-7). He points out that true freedom is foundat a spiritual level, saying, The ultimate freedom that ispromised is freedom from the rule of evil secured by thesalvation granted through the substitutionary sacriceof our Lord Jesus.

As believers, we struggle for freedom within, andour opponents arent always those wearing an enemy

uniform or a terrorists mask. We often face far moreformidable enemieswe struggle against our own sinnature, worries, fears, and even our adversary the devil[who] walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom hemay devour (1 Peter 5:8).

When we lay down our arms and run to Him, weexperience spiritual liberty through the grace of God.He is our refuge, our stronghold, our victor in battle.He releases the captive. He sets us free with the power ofHis cross and resurrection. Only our Creator God could

win the battles that rage within us!While war memorials rightfully bring tears to our

eyes, and heroic tales of battleeld bravery inspire us toreach beyond our personal comfort, our own internalstruggles and wars lead us to the strong arms of ourLord. We personally experience liberty when we acceptthe gift of Jesus Christand then He enables us to see aworld that cries for true freedom and to offer others thepeace thats found in Christ alone.

Jayme DurantEXECUTIVE EDITOR

True Freedom

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A C T S & F A C T S | J U L Y 2 0 1 36

The United States celebrates Indepen-dence Day on July 4th because the Sec-ond Continental Congress approved andsigned the Declaration of Independenceon July 4, 1776. The famous openinglines read:

We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal, that theyare endowed by their Creator with cer-tain unalienable Rights, that amongthese are Life, Liberty and the pursuitof Happiness.

Political Liberty

The focus of the drive for indepen-dence in the 1700s was political liberty. Thatis, freedom from the oversight of a distant

king whose interests and political advisorshad little concern for the welfare of the new-ly formed colonies so far away from the Eu-ropean continent. Although the Bible mayimply political freedom in some of its refer-ences about Israel, the ultimate freedom thatit promised is freedom from the rule of evilsecured by the salvation granted through thesubstitutionary sacrice of our Lord Jesus.

The United States has a greater po-litical freedom built into its governmental

system than any other nation in history, butthat freedom is both tenuous and fragile. Inhis Lyceum Address, the young AbrahamLincoln is often quoted as saying:

All the armies of Europe, Asia and Af-rica combined, with all the treasure ofthe earth (our own excepted) in theirmilitary chest; with a Buonaparte for acommander, could not by force, take adrink from the Ohio, or make a trackon the Blue Ridge, in a trial of a thou-sand years.

At what point then is the approach ofdanger to be expected? I answer, if itever reach us, it must spring up amongstus. It cannot come from abroad. If de-struction be our lot, we must ourselvesbe its author and nisher. As a nation offreemen, we must live through all time,or die by suicide.

Lincolns foresight seems very apropos today.

Personal Liberty

The verse from Leviticus engravedon the Liberty Bell was quoted correctlybut misapplied. Political liberty is not

what the declaration in the Scripturewas promising. The laws of Israel weredictated to Moses by God Himselfasequence of sabbatical sevens was con-tained in those laws culminating in the

great year of Jubilee to be celebratedevery 50 years. That Jubilee would liber-ate everyone from debt, restore personalproperty ownership, and proclaim lib-erty throughout all the land.

Israel never observed a Jubilee yearin fact, they did not even observe the sabbat-ical years of rest for their land. As a result, theLord forced them into 70 years of captivityto punish their disobedience. Although theUnited States has enjoyed more personal lib-

erty than any other nation, the distortion ofthat liberty has caused a growth of freedomto do evil among its population.

The nonprot Freedom From Reli-

gion Foundation gains media attention bypromoting the so-called principle of sepa-ration between church and state. Thatorganization claims to be the nations larg-est association of freethinkers (atheists, ag-

nostics, and skeptics) with more than 19,000members. Working with well-known or-ganizations like the ACLU, they have nois-ily agitated various public forums aboutreligious encroachment and won importantlawsuits to end supposed state-church en-tanglements.

People For the American Way, alongwith organizations such as Ameri-cans United for Separation of Church and

T HE VERSE FROM LEVITICUS ENGRAVED ON THE LIBERTY BELL WAS QUOTED CORRECTLY BUT MISAPPLIED .

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State, has encouraged progressives on theone hand and libertarians on the other toinltrate the major political parties. Evenconservative thinking has begun to endorsesuch policies as gay rights and the legaliza-tion of recreational drugs, introducing vari-

ous bills in state and federal houses to makesuch atrocities the law of the land. The free-dom of a womans right to choose to killher unborn child is now a major entrenchedliberty still being forced on our nation.

Gods warning to Israel given throughthe prophet Isaiah is worth remembering:

Woe to those who call evil good, andgood evil; Who put darkness for light,and light for darkness; Who put bitterfor sweet, and sweet for bitter! Woe to

those who are wise in their own eyes,And prudent in their own sight! (Isaiah5:20-21)

May God have mercy on our countryand bring the conviction and repentance ofreal liberty to our land.

Glorious Liberty

During his magnificent theologi-cal discussion in Romans of what God has

done for those who are twice born, the greatscholar Paul developed a beautiful descrip-tion of the glorious liberty of the childrenof God (Romans 8:21). Three chapters are

central to this wonderful truth.Romans 6 denes the absolute and

eternal condition that results from the newbirth. We who were dead because of sin havebeen made alive to God (Romans 6:11). Thisentire chapter contrasts the new birth withthe old deadness. Sin has no more author-ity. Holiness and the freedom to reign oversin are granted both in authority and power.Sins wages are death, but Gods gift is eternallife. Once we become the servants of God, it isnot possible for us to serve sin. The great lib-erty that God grants empowers us to pres-ent [our] members as slaves of righteousnessfor holiness (Romans 6:19). Gods promiseis simple and powerful: Sin shall not havedominion over you (Romans 6:14).

Romans 7 amplies the challenge weface even with the power of the glorious lib-erty. Even though we are dead to the lawand are married to Christ (Romans 7:4),there is a real battle going on between ouresh and a new law in our minds. In fact,nothing good dwells in our esh (Romans

7:18). That old nature, the law of sin, is stilloperative and trying to bring us back intocaptivity (Romans 7:23). The warnings areclearthe one who serves the esh cannot

serve God. Instead, God instructs us to serveHim, saying, With the mind [we] serve thelaw of God (Romans 7:25).

The beautiful crescendo of this glori-ous liberty is outlined in Romans 8. Eventhough there is a constant battle going onbetween the esh and the new mind giftedto us by God at salvation, there is no con-demnation to those who are in Christ Jesus,who do not walk according to the esh, butaccording to the Spirit (Romans 8:1). Sincewe are dead to the esh, we are enabled andempowered to be led by the Spirit of God(Romans 8:14). Living after the esh canonly lead to death. Living according to theleading of the Spirit of God brings us intogenuine liberty and conscious righteousnessthat provide the peacewhich surpasses allunderstanding (Philippians 4:7).

Long ago, King David composed themarvelous acrostic Psalm 119. He speaks ofthe many ways that the Word of God pro-vides true liberty for those who follow theteachings of our Creator:

Let Your mercies come also to me, OLORD Your salvation according toYour word. So shall I have an answerfor him who reproaches me, For I trustin Your word. And take not the wordof truth utterly out of my mouth, For Ihave hoped in Your ordinances. So shallI keep Your law continually, Foreverand ever. And I will walk at liberty, ForI seek Your precepts. (Psalm 119:41-45)

Many years later, Paul encourages us tocling to that freedom: Stand fast thereforein the liberty by which Christ has made usfree, and do not be entangled again with a yoke of bondage (Galatians 5:1). And Godcontinues to reach out to each of us with theoffer of genuine liberty.His voice still calls us tofollow Him along the pathof eternal liberty.

Dr. Morris is Chief Executive Ofcerof the Institute for Creation Research.

J U L Y 2 0 1 3 | A C T S & F A C T S

L IVING ACCORDING TO THE LEADING OF THE SPIRIT OF G OD BRINGS US INTO GENUINE LIBERTY .

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J U L Y 2 0 1 3 | A C T S & F A C T S

of sunlight. The sun and moon are both de-scribed as great lights in Genesis, perhapsbecause they appear far brighter than anyother lights and also because they appear aslarge disks, whereas all the other luminar-ies are visible as points with no discerniblesize. The sun is the greater of these two, be-

ing far brighter than the moon and havingits own internal power source. The moon isthe lesser great light, being far dimmer thanthe sun and receiving its power to illuminatefrom the sun itself. The moon shines only byreected sunlight.

A fth purpose of these two heav-enly lights is given in Genesis 1:16togovern the day and the night. The He-brew word rendered as govern or rulemeans to have power or dominion. The sun

can be said to have power over the daybecause it denes the day and overpowersall other luminaries during the day. Themoon governs the night by outshiningall other nighttime luminaries. The moonis not always visible at night, and the starscan rule the night in the moons absence(Psalm 136:9). Because they govern dayand night, the luminaries quickly becamea symbol of government. Just think of howmany countries have the sun, moon, or starson their nations ags. The Bible portraysthe family of Israel using the symbols of thesun, moon, and stars (Genesis 37:9), a sym-bol that recurs throughout Scripture (e.g.,Revelation 12:1).

Curiously, God provided a temporarylight source to separate day from night forthe rst three days. 1 Why was the creation ofthe sun displaced until day four? Also, whydoesnt the Genesis account mention the

sun or the moon by name? They are only re-ferred to descriptively as the greater light togovern the day and the lesser light to gov-ern the night. (We do know that this refersto the sun and moon from other Scripturessuch as Psalm 136:7-9.) The answer to bothof these questions may have been to dis-courage the worship of the sun and moon asgods (Deuteronomy 4:19). The sun is notthe primary source of lifeGod is, hence

the beginning starts with God on day one,not the sun. The sun is not a personal beingwith a personal nameit is part of creationand merely a great light made by God.

Properties of the Sun

It may appear small in our sky at adistance of 93 million miles, but the sunis actually 109 times the diameter of Earthand over a million times the volume ofEarth. The sun is the largest single object inour solar system and comprises 99.86 per-cent of all its mass. If a ten-pound bowl-ing ball represented the mass of the sun,then all the planets, moons, comets, and

everything else in our solar system couldbe represented by the combined mass ofone nickel and one penny. Jupiter wouldbe the nickel.

The sun is comprised almost entirelyof hydrogen and helium gas. But how dowe know this? We measure it by analyzingsunlight using a spectroscope, which breakswhite light into a rainbow of colors calleda spectrum. Careful analysis of the solar

spectrum reveals narrow dark bands thatindicate certain wavelengths of light aremissing.2 The position of these bands cor-responds to the substance that produced thelight. Its like an atomic ngerprint. In fact,helium was actually discovered on the sunthrough spectroscopy before it was foundon Earth. This is why it has the name he-lium from Helios, the ancient Greek deityof the sun. Similar analysis of starlight re-

veals that stars are also spheres of hydrogenand helium gas like the sunbut at muchgreater distances. The sun is so hot that formost of its interior, the atoms are completelyionizedtheir electrons have been strippedaway from their nuclei.

Solar StructureFor a ball of ionized gas, the sun is

remarkably complex. It is naturally dividedinto several layers that differ by temperatureand motion. The solar core is the hottest re-gion of the sun, with temperatures exceed-ing 15 million degrees Celsius (27 milliondegrees Fahrenheit). At such high tempera-tures, the protons from the hydrogen atomsmove so quickly that they smash into oneanother andthrough a series of stepsform helium. This process, called nuclearfusion, releases an enormous amount ofenergy that propagates outward, replenish-ing the energy that the solar surface is con-stantly radiating into space.

The process of nuclear fusion alsoproduces tiny particles called neutrinos.These particles have the ghostlike ability totravel right through ordinary matter. Oncecreated in the solar core, neutrinos travel

outward at nearly the speed of light. In fact,several hundred trillion solar neutrinos passharmlessly through your body every second.Amazingly, this is even true at night, whenthe neutrinos rst travel through the earth(taking less than a second) before they passthrough you. Scientists have constructedneutrino detectors that conrm that neutri-nos are indeed coming from the sun, whichserves to demonstrate that nuclear fusion istruly taking place in the solar core.

The solar radiative zone is the layer ex-tending outside the solar core to about 2/3the radius of the sun. The temperature inthis region is still millions of degrees, but it isnot hot enough for nuclear fusion. The con-vection zone is the outermost third of thesun. In this region, the ionized gas moves inlarge overturning cells on multiple scales ofincredible complexity. The convection zonerotates differentially, with the equatorial re-

The sunis not the primary

source of lifeGod is,hence the beginningstarts with God on

day one, notthe sun.

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A C T S & F A C T S | J U L Y 2 0 1 32

gions rotating faster than the polar regions.So the outer third of the sun is constantlytwisting itself up. This twisting is thoughtto be partly responsible for the fact that thesun reverses its global magnetic eld every11 years.

The convection zone is encased withinthe photospherethe visible surface of thesun. The photosphere has a temperature ofabout 6,000 degrees Celsius. The smallestoverturning convection cells, called gran-ules, are visible in high-resolution imagesof the solar photosphere. The photospherealso (often but not always) has small darkerregions called sunspots. These are causedby magnetic elds that inhibit convection,preventing energy transport from below.

This causes the sunspots to be cooler thanthe surrounding regions, which is why theyare darker. Sunspots would actually appearquite bright if you could somehow separatethem from the sun, but they seem dark bycontrast to the much brighter surround-ing solar surface. The number of sunspotsgrows and fades in an 11-year cycle and iscorrelated with the reversal of the suns glob-al magnetic eld.

Beyond the photosphere is the nearly

transparent chromosphere. The gases in thechromosphere have very low density, whichis why it is not visible under normal circum-stances. The only way to see the chromo-sphere by eye is during a total solar eclipseat the very moment of totality. 3 In an eclipse,the moon blocks the brighter photosphere,revealing a ring of the chromosphere, whichoften appears complex and very colorful.This is how the region came to be named,since chromo means color.

Beyond the chromosphere is the so-lar coronaa large envelope of extremelythin and highly structured ionized gas. Co-rona means crown, which is tting as itsurrounds the visible disk of the sun. Para-doxically, the solar corona is much hotterthan the region below it, with temperaturesexceeding one million degrees Celsius. Theexact mechanism by which the corona isheated is not precisely known.

Designed for Life

Astronomers classify the sun as a main-sequence star. Its composition is roughly thesame as other stars, and its temperature andbrightness are in the middle of the range ofother stars as well. In many ways, the sun is just an ordinary star. But in other ways, it isclear that the sun is designed for life to bepossible on Earth. Some stars have super-ares that release enormous amounts ofdeadly radiation. Fortunately for us, the sundoesnt. Solar ares are mild. The suns tem-perature and distance from Earth are idealfor life. By contrast, hotter stars produce farmore ultraviolet radiation that would haveharmful effects on living tissue. And coolerstars emit far more infrared heat for a giv-en amount of visible light.

Even the position of the sun in the gal-axy seems optimized for life and for science.If the sun were close to the galactic core,harmful radiation could be a big problem.If the sun were on the outer rim, half of thesky would be nearly void of stars, making it

harder to measure seasons or to investigatethe universe. Strangely, the sun is depleted inlithium by a factor of 100 compared to othersimilar stars. We have not yet discovered thereason for this, but perhaps it will turn outto be yet another feature of designan in-triguing possibility for the Christian.

The Sun Conrms Creation

The sun has long been a problem for

those who reject Genesis. Secularists believethat the sun has been fusing hydrogen fornearly ve billion years. But nuclear fusiongradually changes the density in the core,causing a star to brighten over time. The ef-fect is negligible on a 6,000-year timespan.However, if the sun were billions of yearsold, it would have been 30 percent fainterin the distant past. But if the sun were thatmuch fainter, then Earth would have beena frozen wasteland and life would not havebeen possible. 4

The sun resists naturalistic formationscenarios. Secular astronomers currently be-lieve that the sun (as with other stars) wasformed by the collapse of a nebulaa giantcloud of hydrogen and helium gas in space.

Astronomers have discovered thousands ofnebulae, but no one has ever seen a nebulacollapse in on itself to form a star. The out-ward force of gas pressure in a typical nebulafar exceeds the meager inward pull of gravity.As far as we know, nebulae only expand andnever contract to form stars. Even if grav-ity could somehow overcome gas pressure,magnetic elds and angular momentumwould tend to resist any further collapse,preventing the sun from forming at all. It

seems that science conrms what Scriptureteaches: God made the greater light to rulethe day.

References 1. Some people have supposed that these cannot be ordinary

days without the sun. But in fact, the rotation of Earth rela-tive to a light source determines the length of the day. So,of course the rst three days would also have been 24-hourdays.

2. Such wavelengths are actually present but at only a fractionof the intensity of the surrounding wavelengths. To the eye,they appear to be completely absent.

3. During totality and only at that time it is safe to look atthe fully-eclipsed sun with the unaided eye. However, it isnever safe to view the sun with the naked eye at any othertime without special equipment. This includes partial orannual eclipses, total eclipses before or after totally, or whenthe sun is not eclipsed at all. The solar photosphere emitsultraviolet radiation that can cause permanent damage tothe human eye.

4. This problem is known as the faint young sun paradox. Itcontinues to frustrate secular astronomers. See Faulkner, D.1998. The Young Faint Sun Paradox and the Age of the SolarSystem. Acts & Facts . 27 (6). See also Goldblatt, C. and K.J. Zahnle. 2011. Faint young Sunparadox remains. Nature. 474(7349): 744-747.

Dr. Lisle is Director of Researchat the Institute for Creation Re-search and received his Ph.D. inAstrophysics from the University ofColorado.

I M P A C T

The sun isthe largest single

object in our solar systemand comprises 99.86

percent of allits mass.

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Identities matter. I recently lost mycredit card, triggering a host ofworries and questions: Where andwhen did I last use the card? Did I

leave it in my pants pocket? Is it on the oorof my car? Should I slowly look through ev-ery part of my wallet for the ninth time?

After exhausting my mental checklistof where it could be, I called the credit cardcompany to report a lost or stolen cardand cancel the account. Once I convincedthe person on the phone that I was the truecardholder, I asked about the cards latesttransactions to see if it was being fraudu-lently used. The last use was at a Texas steak-house the night before. Whew! Abandoningthe request to cancel the card with an opti-mistic prayer, I called the restaurantand

yes, they had my credit card stowed away intheir safe.

Only time will tell if my cards infor-mation was stolen and kept for future fraud-ulent purchases. It is reassuring to know thatGod is providentially controlling the detailsof our lives, so whatever trials we encounter

were approved by Him before they reach us(1 Corinthians 10:13; Romans 8:28; Genesis50:20).

Misplacing a credit card is no trivialconcernidentity fraud is a terrible crimeand a messy problem to x. And whenones personal identity as a special creationis counterfeited, it produces another kindof identity fraud that is even scarier, withmuch graver problems.

How Can Your Family History SufferEvolutionary Identity Fraud?

When I attended public school as achild, my personal identity was compro-mised when I was taught that Earth is billionsof years old and that my family descendedfrom subhuman cave men, alleged precur-

sors to Homo sapiens (true man). In short,I was taught that the family history reportedin Genesis was unhistorical and unreliable.If my teachers and textbooks were correct,the biblical account of my family history wasnot true.

So, what was my real family history?If the evolutionary tale were true, I am

not the human creature described in the Bi-ble. If Darwins natural selection hypoth-

A C T S & F A C T S | J U L Y 2 0 1 38

Avoiding Identity Fraud

P O L O G E T I C S

J A M E S J . S . J O H N S O N , J . D . , T H . D .

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esis were true, the Bibles teaching about theorigin of animal kinds and humans is un-trustworthy.

Answers that I sometimes received inchurchfor example, the Bible is only in-spired when it teaches spiritual truth butnot on details about non-spiritual mattersfurther confounded the problem. Butevery spiritual aspect of Scripture is inex-tricably contextualized by non-spiritualdetails. Jesus came as a Jew, not a Mede or

Persian (Galatians 3:16). Jesus was born inBethlehem (as prophesied in Micah 5:2), notin Damascus or Dallas. The resurrection ofChrist is a spiritually crucial fact, but whatabout the three days (instead of two or four)He was in the grave? Was it spiritually crucialthat Christ be physically resurrected? Oneclergyman told me that it was only impor-tant to believe Christ lives again in the livesof His followers as they follow His teach-ings. But that spiritualizing interpretationobviously clashes with the comprehensiveexplanation Paul gave us on the risen Christ(1 Corinthians 15).

How Can You Recover Your MissingFamily History?

As a college freshman, I wrestled withthese big-picture family history questions,not realizing how much identity fraud Ihad already experienced. But God soon pro-vided answers to these questions and clari-ed the truth about my actual family histo-ry, disproving those Genesis-contradictingmisrepresentations.

It was like the helpful credit card com-pany employee who provided clues to whereI had been in the past so I could restorewhat was missing. Several of Gods servantshelped me in my critically important col-lege years, applying 1 Peter 3:15 and Jude

1:3 to real-world apologetics. Only two willbe mentioned here to illustrate how real an-swers can be given to real questions.

My rst major hurdle was recogniz-ing that the Genesis record conicts and isunresolvable with the evolutionary depic-tion of human origins. 1 Despite strained at-tempts by theistic evolutionist harmonizersto blend Scripture and Darwinism, the bot-tom line is Genesis and evolutionary theorycannot both be true. 1 Chaplain Bob Webel,

my college pastor, claried that fundamen-tal fact for me by explaining the authorita-tive relevance of Romans 5:12-21the Bibleteaches that our redemption through Christdepends upon the Genesis history being lit-erally true. 2 That meant that the evolutionistexplanation of life was not even close to be-ing true.

But what about the fossil evidencefor evolution? Webel provided a quick solu-tion to that problem in a thought-provoking

tract, Have You Been Brainwashed? , writttenby Dr. Duane Gish of the Institute for Cre-ation Research. 3 Although I didnt appreci-ate the scientic details then, it was immedi-ately clear that the biblical creationists had alot to say, and they obviously had scholarlyreasons for their beliefs (1 Peter 3:15).

Dr. Gish raised challenges that embar-rassed the evolutionary accident scenario,such as how did an imagined primordialsoup accidently and unerringly form allleft-handed amino acids to make life eonsago when the statistical odds for formingeach amino acid as either right-handed orleft-handed was always 50-50? 4

Then Webel loaned me Dr. Gishsbook Evolution: The Fossils Say No! Next, hetold me to read The Genesis Flood by Drs.John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris.Webel also encouraged me to sign up for afree subscription to Acts & Facts .

As the ICR materials gave me a world-view housecleaning by showing how theevolutionary scenario was illogical, unscien-tic, and unreliable, Webel guided me andmy friends through the Scriptures. There, Idiscovered my true family history, includingmy own personal identity as a human crea-ture redeemed by Christ my Creator. Thisdismantled earlier identity fraud confusion.

Pass It On

What are you doing to help peopleescape the identity fraud they may have suf-fered from evolutionary teachingsfromschools, television, movies, textbooks, secu-lar museums, and even churches?

Like Bob Webel and Dr. Gish, whoprovided real answers, we all can providehelp to those who have ears to hear andeyes to see the truth. ICR stands ready tohelp. Please use our resources to help solveidentity fraud problems. Although manyrefuse the truth about Christs creation,some will gladly learn and love the truthwhen it arrives:

He was in the world, and the world wasmade by him, and the world knew himnot. He came unto his own, and his

own received him not. But as many asreceived him, to them gave he power[literally authority] to become thesons of God, even to them that believeon his name (John 1:10-12).

References 1. One of the most common misunderstandings among

Christians is that the biblical account of creation can beallegorized or harmonized with the evolutionary systemof science. Morris III, H. 2013. Willingly Ignorant. Acts &Facts . 42 (3): 5-7.

2. Yugoslavian immigrant and WWII refugee Bob Webelbecame a pastor who taught biblical apologetics to teenag-ers and college students. See Johnson, J. J. S. 2013. Volks-deutsche by the Dozen, Part One: Jakob and KatarinaAgreed to Marry Before They Ever Spoke to Each Other(A True Example of Love at First Sightand First Sound). Journal of the German-Texan Heritage Society . 35 (1): 25-32.

3. Dr. Duane Gishs fruitful ministry with ICR, promotingbiblical creation apologetics as a speaker, writer, debater, andteacher, concluded with his heavenly homegoing earlier this year. See Remembering Dr. Duane T. Gish, Creations Bull-dog. Creation Science Update. Posted on icr.org March 6,2013, accessed May 17, 2013.

4. McCombs, C. 2004. Evolutionhopes you dont know chemistry:the problem of chirality. Acts &Facts. 33(5)

Dr. Johnson is Associate Professorof Apologetics and Chief AcademicOfcer at the Institute for CreationResearch.

J U L Y 2 0 1 3 | A C T S & F A C T S

When I attended public school as a child, my per-sonal identity was compromised when I was taughtthat Earth is billions of years old and that myfamily descended from subhuman cave men.

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