AGENDAAPRIL 22 OBJECTIVE: Describe the characteristics of organisms classified within Kingdom Fungi.

1. Chapter 20 Protists QUIZ 2. Begin Chapter 21 Fungi 3. HOMEWORK

STUDY YOUR NOTES PAGE 545 Questions 11, 12, 16, 18, 23 Draw and label diagrams 21-1 and 21-2

CHAPTER 21FUNGI

21-1: Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls

Made of chitin – complex carbChitin also found in exoskeletons of insects

Decomposers - Digest food outside of their bodies and absorb it

Structure and FunctionAll fungi are multicellular

Except for yeast

Composed of thin filaments called hyphaeHyphae divided into cells

One or two nucleiMany nuclei

Structure and Function

Mycelium – thick mass of hyphae tangled together.Large surface to absorb food

Fruiting Body – reproductive structure

growing from myceliumClusters of mushrooms part

of same mycelium/organism

Reproduction

Reproduce asexually Cells or hyphae break off and grow on their ownMitosis

And sexuallyGametes form a diploid zygoteMeiosis

Spread of Fungi

Spores spread by wind Require favorable conditionsChance of germination as low as one in a billion

By animalsSpore containing fluids attract fliesSpores deposited over many miles

21-2 Classification of Fungi Zygomycetes are common molds

grow on breads, meats, cheesesTwo types of hyphae

Rhizoids anchor the mold to a surface.

Stolons run along surface and

contain spores

Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis

YEASTS Unicellular Spores divide rapidly in moist environments

Process called budding.

Baking yeasts belong to genus Sacchromyces “Sugar fungi”

Perform alcoholic fermentation Produce CO2 and Alcohol

Club Fungi

Mushrooms

Mycelia measured to be hundreds of meters Largest organisms

Mushrooms are masses of growing hyphae Some mushrooms are delicacies

Portobello

MANY MUSHROOMS ARE POSIONOUS!!!

NEVER EAT ANY WILD MUSHROOMS = ILLNESS AND DEATH!!!

21-3: Ecology of Fungi

460 million years ago Helped early plants obtain nutrients

Most feed on decaying matter.

Carnivorous fungi exist Pleurotus ostreatus lives on the sides of trees

Small worms/insects exposed to chemicals when trying to feed on fungus

Hyphae grow into their bodies and digest them

21-3: Ecology of Fungi

Decomposers provide nutrients within an ecosystem

Parasitic fungi cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Candida albicans

Cordyceps Infects grasshoppers in Costa Rica Digests cells and tissues

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Lichens and mycorrhizae

Allows plants to absorb more water and nutrients