Agriculture PPP Experiences农业巨灾保险全球经验分享Beat Schnegg, Zürich, October 2016 施南德，苏黎世，2016年10月

Agriculture PPP Experiences

Government support is much broader than subsidies相比补贴，政府支持的范围更广泛

2

Loss caps (e.g. area,

perils)

损失上限（如面积，危险）

Premium Subsidy

保险补贴

Production subsidy &

Input price support 补

助产品和输入价格支持

Financial 财政的

Compensation for

some losses

对于某些损失的补偿

Insurance licences &

solvency

保险许可证和偿付能力

Approval of rates and

product design

批准差饷和设计产品

Animal disease and fire

laws

动物疾病及消防法

Regulatory 监管的

Disease prevention &

control疾病防控

Fire prevention &

control火灾防控

Education services to

farmers

提供给农民的教育服务

Flood protection &

irrigation

洪水控制和灌溉

Distribution by village

heads

按村分发

Policy 政策的

Support for Agricultural Insurance

对农险的支持

Agricultural Insurance

Regulation and Law

农险管理条例及法律

Audit and Complaints

Handling

审计和投诉处理

Focus on agriculture and rural

development

关注农业和农村发展

Tax benefit to Insurers with agro

insurance

通过农险为保险人带来税

收利益

Reserve / Fund

requirement for Agro

Catastrophe

为农业灾害

Data collection

数据收集

Resources 资源的

Agriculture PPP Experiences

Public sector involvement in agricultural insurance is wide-spread 公共部门广泛地参与农业保险

Public Private Partnership

Private Sector with NO government support

Public Sector with parastatal Insurance Company

公共部门及半官方保险公司

公私合营

私有部门及非政府支持

Agriculture PPP Experiences

Insurance premium subsidies

Loss subsidies

Insurance premium subsidies and governmental reinsurance features

Crop insurance is subsidized in most of the world’s largest agricultural countries 在全世界绝大多数农业生产国家，农作物保险有补贴

保险费补助金

损失补贴

保险费和政府的再保险

Agriculture PPP Experiences

Large losses in Agricultural Insurance are frequent and everywhere 农险巨大损失频繁且普遍

Russia: 2012 summer drought; LR 140%. 2010 LR around 300%

South Africa: 2012 LR125%

Ukraine: 2012 winter losses. LR

around 200%

Poland: 2011 and 2012 winter kill,

hail. LR150% - 250%

Italy: 2012 frost, drought, other

perils. LR around 95%, 2016 100%

South Korea: 2012 typhoon Bolaven. LR 350%

US: 2012 Midwest drought. LR 150%.

Mexico: 2012 drought. 2011 frost (February), drought

(summer). LR 400%

Thailand: 2011 flood. LR 500%

Argentina: UWY 2012 LR 160%

France 2016 LR > 120%

Germany: 2013 summer hail storms

India: 2014 LR 90%, 2015 LR 150%

Portugal: 2014 LR 140% persistent

rainfall

Australia: 2015 hail and fire, LR 150%

Agriculture PPP Experiences

Key features主要特点

Products产品

Government role政府职能

Reinsurance再保险

Challenges挑战

India Largest index insurance market, no indemnity based products最大的指数保

险市场，无赔偿基础产品

Weather index (<20%), Yield index (>80%)

State Insurer and Reinsurer plus private InsurersSubsidiesYield assessment国家保险和再保险加私营保险公司，补助金，区域估值

Stop Loss & Quota Share

OperationalYield DataAccuracy of product运行，区域数据，产品准确性

Mexico Different schemes for different farmers/different states不同制度对应不同农户/不同地区

MPCIVegetation indexRainfall index

State Insurer plus private InsurersSubsidies国家保险和再保险加私营保险公司，补助金

Stop Loss & Quota Share

Fragmentation of schemes体质的碎片化

USA Approved Insurance Providers经审批的保险人

Mainly MPCI (revenue), niche index,

Government as ReinsurerSubsidiesRates and product control政府作为再保险人，补助金，利率及产品监控

Stop Loss & Quota Share, Multi-yearStructured

Profitability, high costs to government概率，对政府而言高额的成本

Spain MatureCo-Insurance pool成熟的合作保险团体

MPCI, Livestock

Government as ReinsurerSubsidiesLoss control 政府作为再保险

人，补助金，损失控制

Stop Loss

SouthKorea

Focus on special/high value crop farmers 聚集于特殊/高价值农作物农户

Named perils MPCI

Government as ReinsurerSubsidiesProduct R&D 政府作为再保险

人，补助金，产品研发

Stop Loss &Quota Share

Significant nat cat exposure (typhoon) result volatility 重大

的国家灾害曝光值具有易变性

Examples of Agriculture PPP 农业方面政府与商业机构合作的例子

Agriculture PPP Experiences 7

Governments can increase uptake and reduce adverse selection through policy measures 政府可以通过政策措施来增加介入，减少逆选择

Make crop insurance

compulsory for

farmers accessing

formal credit

India, Mexico, Brazil, Sudan,

Morocco

Link to new or

existing social

safety net

programs

Kenya, Mongolia

Provide disaster

aid only to farmers

who have

purchased crop

insurance

USA, Spain

Set standards for

pricing and

coverage levels

USA, Spain, China, India,

Turkey, Korea

Establish statutory

coinsurance pool

Turkey, Spain

Establish

agricultural

insurance legislationall countries with PPP

Source: World Bank Group, GFDRR, Disaster Risk Financing and insurance program (DRFIP)

通过对信贷对农民实行强制性农作物保险

与新型或已存在的社会安全网项目链接

只对购买农作物保险的农户提供灾后资助

保险共同体 农险立法为定价和覆盖级别设定标准

Agriculture PPP Experiences 8

Agriculture PPP Experiences

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9

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