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1 AIM model can develop quantitative city-level climate change scenarios Junichi FUJINO On behalf of AIM team NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Japan アジアにおける低炭素都市形成セミナー Yokohama, Oct 29, 2014 Designed by Hajime Sakai 1. If we cannot go to LCS,… 2. LCS offers higher QOL with less energy demand and lower-carbon energy supply 3. LCS needs good design, early action, and innovations

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Page 1: AIM model can develop quantitative city-level climate ... · 29/10/2014  · NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Japan アジアにおける低炭素都市形成セミナー

1

AIM model can developquantitative city-level

climate changescenarios

Junichi FUJINO On behalf of AIM teamNIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Japan

アジアにおける低炭素都市形成セミナー

Yokohama, Oct 29, 2014

Designed by Hajime Sakai

1. If we cannot go to LCS,…2. LCS offers higher QOL with

less energy demand and lower-carbon energy supply

3. LCS needs good design, early action, and innovations

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AIM Chronology and Japanese Climate Change PolicyAIM mitigation scenarios Japanese PM’s Decision

1990 AIM start

1997 15% cut in 2010 6% cut in 2010 by PM Hashimoto

2007 70% cut in 2050 Cool Earth 50 by PM Abe

2008 12 actions towards LCS 60‐80% cut in 2050 by PM Fukuda

2009 7/15/25 % cut in 2020 8% cut in 2020 by PM Aso

2011 East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima AccidentNow 2030 target

AIM members support IPCC as CLAs, LAs, and REs since the FAR.AIM provides RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways).

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What is AIM?‐ Asia‐Pacific Integrated Model ‐

AIM is Simulation Model

‐ Technology Bottom‐up modelincluding more than 400 options

‐ Economic Top‐down modelto evaluate economic impact

‐ Detailed sector‐wise model forpopulation, residential, transport,Industry, energy supply, etc

AIM is Human Network

‐ Start international collaborationsince 1994 and we have the 20thannual int.ws in Jan 2015, Tsukuba

‐ Researchers and policy‐makersin China, India, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam,Nepal, Cambodia, Bangladesh,Taiwan, Australia, NZ, USA, EU,etc and Japan. 

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The case of Iskandar Malaysia

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Premier of Malaysia provided permission in the 13th IRDA Steering Committee to start the Iskandar Low Carbon Society planning(December 11th, 2012)

“Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions”In the case of “Iskandar Malaysia”

Japanese experience on Low Carbon Scenarios & Roadmaps

+ Malaysian challenge on

Implementation of Low Carbon Visions

SATREPS 5

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Research: AIM model apply to Iskandar Malaysia Regionto identify Potential Mitigation Options

Green Economy 59%

Green Community 21%Green Environment 20%

Mitigation Options

Green Economy Action 1 Integrated Green Transportation Action 2 Green Industry Action 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance**Action 4 Green Building and Construction Action 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy 

Green Community Action 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle Action 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building** 

Green Environment Action 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design Action 9 Smart Urban Growth Action 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources Action 11 Sustainable Waste Management Action 12 Clean Air Environment** 

Total 

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Research to Policy: Policymakers launch LCS implementation planbased on scientific scenario study using AIM model

The LCSBPIM Actions for Lowcarbon Future is aimplementation report. This planselect 10 priority projects from atotal of 281 programs to beimplemented for the 2011‐2015.Apart from Triple Base lineactions, 3 special projects arealso identified‐ Bkt batu Ec0‐Community, LC Village FELDA TaibAndak and Pasir gudang Nafasbaru

1. Mobile Management System

2. Green Economy Guidelines

3. Eco‐Life Challenge Project for Schools

4. Portal on Green Technology

5. Trees for Urban Parks/Forests

6. Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation 

7. Bukit BatuEco‐Community

8. GAIA –Green Accord Initiative Award

9. Low Carbon Village FELDA Taib Andak

10. Special Feature: Smart City –Pasir Gudang ‘NAFAS BARU’: CLEAN AND HEALTHY CITY

The LCSBPIM Booklet: “Actions for a Low Carbon Future”

7

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Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Iskandar Malaysia

Project Background

Site: Iskandar Malaysia

Objective: i. To draw up key policies and strategies in guiding the development of Iskandar Malaysia in mitigating carbon emission. Transforming Iskandar Malaysia into a sustainable  low carbon metropolis by adopting green growth strategies/roadmap.

ii. To respond to the nation’s aspiration for ensuring climate‐resilient development for sustainability.Target Year: 2025 (2005 – 2025)

(Iskandar Regional Development Authority)

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BackgroundDevelopment of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions

Research Team: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kyoto University (KU), Okayama University (OU),National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Joint Coordinating Committee: Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA), Federal Departmentof Town and Country Planning (JPBD), Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC)

Sponsorship: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) , Japan Science and Technology (JST)

Period: 2011 ‐ 2016

Research Output:i.Methodology to create LCS scenarios which is appropriate for Malaysia is developed.

ii. LCS scenarios are created and utilized for policy development in IM.

iii. Co‐benefit of LCS policies on air pollution and on recycling‐based society is quantified in IM

iv. Organizational arrangement of UTM to conduct trainings on LCS scenarios for Malaysia and Asiancountries is consolidated, and a network for LCS in Asia is established

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10

The 10th SATREPS progress meeting, Oct 12‐14, NIES

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Overall research procedure of our LC development  approach

11

Analysis of Alternative LCD scenarios and 

measures

Try and error to keep consistency and unity 

among Socio‐Economic policies and 

LCD targets

Quantification of Socio‐economic Visions and 

GHG emission 

Qualification  of Socio‐economic Vision

Setting framework• Area• Base year• Target year• Covered sectors• Actors/Players • LCS target

• Demography• Lifestyle• Economy• Transport• Building• Resource

efficiency• Energy strategy• Power supply

Quantifications of parameters:• Population• Final demand • Transport parameters• Energy service

demand generation• Energy device share• Power supply

assumptions

Evaluation of Scenarios / measures:

• Transportation system• Energy service demand

generation• Energy device share• Power supply options• Renewable energy• Carbon sink• etc.

Design LCD Actions and Roadmaps from 

the analysis

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Example of  AIM’s socio‐economic part

12

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04 Potential Mitigation Options for Iskandar MalaysiaGreen Economy, Green Community and Green Environment

COP 18 Side Event . Doha . 30 November 2012

Green Economy 59%

Green Community21%Green Environment20%

Incorporate CDP2

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04 Potential Mitigation Options for Iskandar Malaysia12 Actions Towards Low Carbon Future

COP 18 Side Event . Doha . 30 November 2012

Mitigation Options CO2 Reduction

%

Green Economy  7,401  59% Action 1 Integrated Green Transportation  1,916  15% Action 2 Green Industry  1,085  9% Action 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance** ‐ ‐Action 4 Green Building and Construction  1,338  11% Action 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy  3,061  24% 

Green Community  2,557  21% Action 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle  2,557  21% Action 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building**  ‐ ‐

Green Environment  2,510  20% Action 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design  264  2% Action 9 Smart Urban Growth  1,214  10% Action 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources  620  5% Action 11 Sustainable Waste Management  412  3% Action 12 Clean Air Environment**  ‐ ‐

Total  12,467** 100% 

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Malaysian  context

Science(R &D)

Policies(LCS)

Actions(LP or SP, NPP)

Economy(High income 

nation) 

Environment(Sustainable)

Social(Inclusiveness)

Climate change Problems

Co benefits of LCS policies

Quantification from LCS modeling assist better understanding on impact of proposed actions, sub actions and programs.

Good baseline study, consensus building & Low carbon blueprint plan will help to develop an integrated climate resilient , Low carbon framework for a rapid urbanised city or region.

Inclined to focus on co- benefits of LCS policies

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Launching of Low Carbon Future for implementation 2013

The LCSBPIM Actions for Lowcarbon Future is aimplementation report. This planselect 10 priority projects from atotal of 281 programs to beimplemented for the 2011‐2015.Apart from Triple Base lineactions, 3 special projects arealso identified‐ Bkt batu Ec0‐Community, LC Village FELDA TaibAndak and Pasir gudang Nafasbaru

1. Mobile Management System

2. Green Economy Guidelines

3. Eco‐Life Challenge Project for Schools

4. Portal on Green Technology

5. Trees for Urban Parks/Forests

6. Responsible Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation 

7. Bukit BatuEco‐Community

8. GAIA –Green Accord Initiative Award

9. Low Carbon Village FELDA Taib Andak

10. Special Feature: Smart City –Pasir Gudang ‘NAFAS BARU’: CLEAN AND HEALTHY CITY

The LCSBPIM Booklet: “Actions for a Low Carbon Future”

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311

50101 177

こどもエコライフチャレンジの経緯History of Eco Life Challenge

• 2005年度より協働でスタート– 京都青年会議所との協働事業として、小学校で地球温暖化・エコライフ

についての学習会を開催。

• 2010年から京都市との協働で全校実施へ!All public primary schools join!

2005年 2006年 2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年~1

全校実施

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Workbook for pupils

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Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge 2013

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Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge 2013• Workbook designed by UTM• 23 schools (2800 Y6 students)• 1 months to complete individually & groups (October 2013)

• Final presentation• No of workbooks distributed –3790

• No of workbooks returned –1807

• Return rate – 47.68%• Low rate because low awareness among teachers and lack of monitoring at the district level.

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No Item Pre‐ELC Post‐ELC Diff.

1 Shut down TV when you do not watch it. 3.11 3.22 0.11

2 Turn off lights in a room where no one uses the room 3.15 3.22 0.07

3 Do not use too much of air conditioner. 1.28 1.93 0.65

4 Be careful in setting the temperature of air conditioner. 1.28 1.70 0.43

5 Close refrigerator soon after you use it. Do not open it when not necessary.

2.65 2.98 0.33

6 Iron many clothes at one time. 2.25 2.57 0.32

7 Do not leave water running when washing teeth or face. 2.70 2.92 0.21

8 Washing school shoes using pail instead of running water. 2.54 2.83 0.29

9 Bring my own bag (eco bag) to shopping. 1.80 2.45 0.65

10 Collect plastic bags for other usage. 3.46 3.65 0.19

11 Use notebooks with recycled‐mark. 1.75 2.36 0.61

12 Reuse unused side of paper. 2.76 3.26 0.50

13 Bring water bottle, instead of buying drinks. 2.86 3.08 0.21

14 Separate waste and recycle them. 2.23 2.93 0.70

15 Use bicycle or walk for short distance. 2.97 3.15 0.18

16 Leave no food. Do not waste food. 2.99 3.20 0.20

17 Discuss with your family about environmental issues. 1.67 2.52 0.85

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23

Blog of Kyoto City Mayor, Mr. Daisaku Kadokawa

Welcome winners of Iskandar Malaysia Eco Life Challenge 2013 on Dec 2013 in Kyoto City Hall

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• 23 schools as pioneering batch for ASPnet (Unesco) primary category in Malaysia

• Initial stage (2013) in competition format as a study platform• To be scaled up by incorporating ELC as lesson component in

all planned 198 ASPnet (UNESCO Schools) primary schools in Iskandar Malaysia.

23

24

To be “RCE”(Regional Centers 

of Expertise on ESD), 

UNU program

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Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge 2014• Workbook designed by UTM in Malay

• 80 schools (15623 Y6 students)

• 1 months to complete individually & groups (October 2014)

• Final presentation for 15 schools – 10 Nov 2014

• Judges from Malaysia & Japan

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26

Blog of Kyoto City Mayor, Mr. Daisaku Kadokawa

Welcome winners of Iskandar Malaysia Eco Life Challenge 2013 on Dec 2013 in Kyoto City Hall

Prof. Ho, Mr. Isma, Mr. Jalil, Mr. Razif, Ms. Aermavisited the Mayor Kadokawa on Aug 2014

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27

Eco‐partnership between

Kyoto city and JBMentioned by 

Mayor Kadokawa

Blog of Kyoto City Mayor, Mr. Daisaku Kadokawa

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Briefing to Principals15 Sep 2014 @ Iskandar Malaysia Information Centre (IMIC)

Briefing to Teachers24 Sep 2014 @ Ar‐Razi Auditorium, T02, Faculty Bioscience and Medical Engineering (FBME), UTM

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The case of Ho Chi Minh City

29

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30Expert Workshop in HCMC during 13th and 15th May 2014

ホーチミン市での専門家ワークショップ(2014年5月13日から15日)の様子

under Osaka City and Ho Chi Minh City sister city program

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31

Special AIM Training Course for HCMC delegates in NIES

on 2nd and 3rd June, 2014

ホーチミン市専門家対象AIM特別習得コース2014年6月2日・3日

於 国立環境研究所、つくば

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Low Carbon Scenarios for HCMC, Vietnam 2030

August, 2014

VIETNAM• HCMC Department of Science and Technology 

(DOST):NGUYEN Ky Phung, TRAN Xuan Hoang

• HCMC University of Natural Resources and Environment (U.NRE): 

NGUYEN Dinh Tuan

Research team:JAPAN • Kyoto University (KU):

TRAN Thanh Tu, Yuzuru MATSUOKA• E‐konzal: 

Yuki OCHI, Tomoki EHARA• National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES)

Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research: Kei GOMI, Junichi FUJINO, Toshihiko MASUI

• Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) – LoCARNet:Shuzo NISHIOKA, Tomoko ISHIKAWA

• Mizuho Information and Research Institute (MHIR): Go HIBINO, Kazuya FUJIWARA

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33

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Working procedure 34

1. Collect relevant information

3. Prepare data input

4. Integrate base year’s data 

Statistical information

Legal documents

Other information sources

Energy Balance Table

Social Accounting Matrix

5. Analysis of current status and BaU projection

ExSS

2. Discuss with related departments

6. Design of Low Carbon HCMC in target years and estimation of 

GHG emission reduction potential

AIM/Waste Socio‐economic vision Energy related vision

Waste related vision

7. Design of Low Carbon Actions for HCMC

Information sharing and exchange with 

HCMC

Background information

Technical report of Low Carbon HCMC 2030

Brochure of Low Carbon HCMC 2030

This study has not covered Waste sector

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Political background 35

Decision no. 2484/QD‐UBND (May 15, 2013)

“Issuing Programs for Implementing Climate Change Action Plans of HCMC by 2015”

Decision no. 1393/QD‐TTg (Sep. 25, 2012)“Approval of National Green Growth Strategy for Vietnam”

‐ The period 2011‐2020: Reduce the intensity of GHG emissions by 8‐10% as compared to the 2010 level; reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP by 1‐1.5% per year. Reduce GHG emissions from energy activities by 10% to 20% compared to BaU‐ Orientation towards 2030: Reduce annual GHG emissions by at least 1.5‐2%; reduce GHG in energy activities by 20 to 30% compared to BaU

Decision no. 1474/QD‐TTg(Oct. 5, 2012)

“Publishing National Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) for the Period 2012‐2020”

Decision no. 2305/QD‐UBND

(May 5, 2012)“Approval of Green Energy Program for HCMC by 2015”

Decision no. 2631/QD‐TTg(Dec. 31, 2013)

“Approval of Master Plan for Socio‐economic Development of HCMC till 

2020 with vision to 2025”‐ Annual GDP growth: 10‐10.5% (2011‐2015), 9.5‐10% (2016‐2020), 8.5‐9% (2021‐2025)‐ Population (mil.): 8.2 (2015), 9.2 (2020), 10 (2025)‐ Ratio of electricity consumption growth and GDP growth: 1, try to below 0.8 (more than 20% reduction)

Decision no. 568/QD‐TTg(Apr 8, 2013)

“Approval of Master plan for Transportation development for HCMC by 2020 with vision beyond 2020”

Share of transport mode:‐ 2020: public (20‐25%), private (72‐77%), others ‐ 2030: public (35‐45%), private (51‐61%), others ‐ Beyond 2030: public (50‐60%), private (35‐45%), others

Proposal for “Climate Change Action Plan in the 2016‐2020 period, with 

a vision towards 2030”

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One Socio‐Economic vision and Two mitigation scenarios 36

The Socio‐economic Vision is mainly followed after Decision 2631/QD‐TTg

Unit 2011 2030 2030/2011Population persons 7,590,138 10,869,565 1.4No. of households households 1,789,630 3,623,188 2.0GDP per capita mil. Dongs 67 256 3.8GDP bil. Dongs 509,334 2,783,178 5.5Passenger transport demand mil.per.km 68,339 145,121 2.1Freight transport demand mil.ton.km 73,485 350,944 4.8

Scenario Characteristics

Businessas Usual (BaU)

‐ Socio‐economic assumptions  in the above table‐ Share of public transport mode complies with Decision 568/QG‐TTg with the assumption that only 50% of the urban public transport is constructed

‐ Energy intensity (Energy/GDP reduction) reduction more than 20% in 2030 compared with 2011 following after  Decision  No.1393/QD‐TTg

Counter Measure (CM)

‐ Socio‐economic assumptions in the above table‐ Share of public transport mode complies with  Decision 568/QG‐TTg with the assumption of 100% implementation‐ Additional measures are implemented to achieve the CO2 emission reduction more than  20% reduction compared with 2030BaU

Two scenarios are developed for the analysis

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Final energy consumption and CO2 emissionRapid growth of driving forces (GDP, population, transport demand) leads to the increasing consumption of energy and CO2emission.

Industry is the main energy consumer (52%) and CO2 emitter (55%)

37

2011 2030BaU 2030CMEnergy intensity (toe/bil. Dongs) 18.5 13.6 10.8CO2 emission per GDP (tCO2/bil. Dongs) 70.0 58.1 41.4CO2 emission per capita (tCO2) 4.7 14.9 10.6

Energy intensity in 2030BaU reduces 26% compared with 2011,which complies with Decision 2631/QD‐TTg (20%) and Decision 1393/QD‐TTg (17 %)

2011 2030BaU BaU/2011Final energy consumption (ktoe) 9,404 37,894 4.0CO2 emission (ktCO2) 35,649 161,818 4.5

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CO2 emission and its reduction

• By the 2030 CM scenario, the direct CO2 emission reduction is expected to 21% of total emission of Business as Usual (2030BaU)

• In addition to it, 8% reduction is expected from the mitigation of grid power

38

36

162

115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2011 2030BaU 2030CM

MtCO

2

Grid power

Freight transport

Passenger transport

Residential

Commercial

Industry

Agriculture

CO2 emission

Grid power (12.3)

Freight transport (5.0)

Passenger transport (3.8)

Residential (7.3)

Commercial (8.8)

Industry (9.3)

Agriculture (0.007)

CO2 emission (115.4)

8%

(34.2 MtCO2)21%

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Proposal of Mitigation Actions and their Impacts

To realize this 21% reduction, FIVE actions are proposed

39

Agricultureand

IndustryCommercial Residential

Passengertransport

Freighttransport

Total(ktCO2)

Reductionshare

Action 1.Green agriculture and industry(Energy efficient equipment, fuel shift)

9,309 0 0 0 0 9,309 27%

Action 2.Green house and building(Energy efficient equipment, fuel shift)

0 6,578 4,910 0 0 11,489 34%

Action 3.Diffusion of energy saving behavior(Appropriate use of energy device)

0 2,181 2,339 0 0 4,520 13%

Action 4.Smart transportation system(Energy efficient vehicle, modal shift)

0 0 0 3,597 4,870 8,467 25%

Action 5.Growth of renewable energy(Solar, biofuel, CNG)

0 25 24 163 159 370 1%

Total (ktCO2) 9,309 8,784 7,273 3,760 5,029 34,155 100%Reduction share 27% 26% 21% 11% 15% 100%

Low carbon actions

Sector

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Next step

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TimelineOct 12‐14, SATREPS progress meeting@TsukubaNov 24‐26, LoCARNet annual meeting@Bogor, IndonesiaNov 4‐7, Global RCE (Regional Centers of Expertise on ESD) [Iskandar Malaysia as candidate]@OkayamaDec 1‐12, COP20@Peru (Dec 11 at 16:45‐18:15 , side event of NIES and UTM)Jan 12‐, Osaka‐HCMC dialogue@HCMCFeb 4‐5, SATREPS progress meeting@Johor Bahru (JB)Feb 7, Iskandar Malaysia Sustainable and Low Carbon Schools Exhibition 2015@JBFeb 8, The first International Forum on the “FutureCity” Initiative by Cabinet Secretariat@JBFeb 9‐10, The 6th High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities by MOEJ@JB 41

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International Forum on the “FutureCity” Initiativeby Regional Revitalization Office, Cabinet Secretariat, Government of Japan

The First Forum, Feb 21, 2012@Tokyo10 名の海外招聘者をはじめ、JICA 主催の研修プロ

グラムで参加されたアジア諸国等のオピニオンリーダー43 名の他、国内参加者を含め、合計約600 名の参加。

The Second Forum, Feb 16, 2013@Shimokawa, Hokkaido坂本内閣府副大臣を始め、9名の海外招へい者、JICA 主催の研修プログラムに参加したアジア諸国等のオピニオンリーダー39 名、その他、国内参加者を含め、合計27 か国、約300 名の方々が参加。2月17日に森林サイドイベントを実施、藤野が鼎談のモデレーターを担当

The Third Forum, Oct 19, 2013@Kitakyushu関口内閣府副大臣を始め、11名の海外招へい者、JICA主催の研修プログラムに参加したアジア諸国等のオピニオンリーダー51名、その他、国内参加者を含め、合計43の国と地域から、約400名の参加。藤野がポスターセッション担当。

Prof. Ho and Mr. Boyd joined as experts of JICA FCI courses. Then 2‐3 experts join contiuously.

Dato’ Ismail joined “econmy” panel discussion

Dr. Zaleha (JPBD) joined “evaluation” panel discussion. The mayor of MBJB joined at Asia Mayor Summit.

The fourth forum will be held in Higashi‐matsushima, Japan in 6th Dec 2014. Cabinet office organize the first form outside Japan in 8‐9th Feb 2015 in JB, Malaysia.

https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/tiiki/kankyo/en/event/index.html

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17th Oct, 2014, Kita Nihon Shimbun (Local Newspaper in Toyama, Japan)

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The 6th High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities will be held in Johor Bahru on 9th and 10th Feb 2015

(mainly sponsored by Ministry of the Environment Japan (MOEJ))

http://www.hls‐esc.org/

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Sustainable Low‐Carbon Asia comes from design,

imagination and 

co‐working…

Let’s work [email protected] 45