AKUPUNKTURUN ETKİLERİ VE TEMEL PRENSİPLER

AKUPUNKTURUN ETKİLERİAKUPUNKTURUN ETKİLERİ VEVE

TEMEL PRENSİPLERTEMEL PRENSİPLER

Uz.Dr. Hasan Ali NogayUz.Dr. Hasan Ali Nogay

Sualtı ve Hiperbarik Tıp UzmanıSualtı ve Hiperbarik Tıp UzmanıAkupunkturistAkupunkturist

HİPEROX Özel Ayak Sağlığı ve Zor Yara HİPEROX Özel Ayak Sağlığı ve Zor Yara Hiperbarik Oksijen Tedavi MerkeziHiperbarik Oksijen Tedavi Merkezi

ANTALYAANTALYA

Uz.Dr.Hasan Ali Nogay Yeditepe Akupunktur 02.02.08

“Doğru Nokta”yı bulmak sanatıdır

O kişi için-O zaman-Doğru nokta

AKUPUNKTURAKUPUNKTUR


Akupunktur’un etki Akupunktur’un etki mekanizmasıyla ilgili Teorilermekanizmasıyla ilgili Teoriler

1. İmmünite teorisi 2. Endorphin teorisi 3. Neurotransmitter teorisi 4. Dolaşım teorisi5. Kapı kontrol teorisi6. Motor Kapı Teorisi7. Homeostasiz teorisi


İmmünmodülasyon(1)İmmünmodülasyon(1)

• BALB/c Farelerde anteriyör tibial kaslarında yer alan St-36 noktasına üç gün günde 30 dakika olmak üzere uygulanan elektro akupunktur sonunda dalak Natural Killer(NK) hücrelerinin aktivitelerinin belirgin olarak arttığı tespit edilmiştir.


Bir çalışmada tedavi edilen hastaların %45’inde 30 dakika, %100’ünde ise 24 saat sonra monosit fagositozu artmıştır

İmmünmodülasyon (2)İmmünmodülasyon (2)


• Akupunktur Li4+St36 tedavisinden 30’ sonra hastaların %80’inde CD3,CD4 veCD8 belirgin artış göstermiş ve artış yüksekliği 24 saat devam etmiştir,

• Bu vakaların %80’inde beta-endorfin düzeyleri de yükselmiş ve 24 saat yüksek kalmıştır.



X ışınlarına tabii tutulan kişilere akupunktur uygulandığında düşen total lökosit, lenfosit ve nötrofil sayılarında artış olmaktadır



St36-Li11ve CV6 noktaları kullanıldığında IL-2 seviyeleri ve NK hücre aktiviteleri normal gruba göre düşük olan malignan tümörlü hastalarda 10 günlük tedaviden sonra bu parametrelerde anlamlı derecede artış görülmüştür.



[Effect of acupuncture on interleukin-2 level [Effect of acupuncture on interleukin-2 level and NK cell immunoactivity of peripheral and NK cell immunoactivity of peripheral

blood of malignant tumor patients]blood of malignant tumor patients]

Wu B, Zhou RX, Zhou MS.

First Affiliated Hospital, Huaxi Medical University, Chengdu.

This paper deals with the observation of acupuncture therapy affecting interleukin-2(IL-2) level and natural killer (NK) cell immunoactivity in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant tumors. In this clinical-laboratory test research, randomized double blind method was used. The patients were divided into an acupuncture treated group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 20). The former group was treated using points, ST36,LI11,RN6 and locations of symptomatic points bilaterally. They received one treatment of 30 minutes daily for 10 days. The results showed that the IL-2 level and NK cell activity were lower than normal in patients with malignant tumor, but there was an increase in the acupuncture group after 10 days of treatment. Significance was found to be remarkable (P < 0.01). The difference between the two groups was also significant (P < 0.01). This increase might be related to the mechanism of acupuncture that adjusting the body's immune function. Thus, acupuncture therapy could enhance the cellular immune function of patients with malignant tumors and providing a beneficial effect in anti-cancer treatment.


[Effect of acupuncture on immunomodulation [Effect of acupuncture on immunomodulation in patients with malignant tumors]in patients with malignant tumors]

Wu B, Zhou RX, Zhou MS.

First Affiliated Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu.

Forty patients were divided randomly into two groups, 20 for each. One group treated with acupuncture and the other one for control.

The acup. group was treated using points PC6, LI4, ST36, RN4 and location of symptomatic points bilaterally, one treatment of 30 min daily for 10 days.

The results showed that there were increased levels of CD3+, CD4+ percentage, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and radioimmunoassay of beta-EP in blood plasma, a decreased level of SIL-2R after acup. The statistical significance was found to be remarkable (P < 0.01), so has a notable difference, the correlation analysis indicated: (1) there was a positive correlation between beta-EP and T-lymphocytes subgroups; (2) a negative correlation between beta-Bp and SIL-2R, so did it between T subgroups and SIL-2R.

Results showed that acupuncture has the effect of enhancing the cellular immunity of patient with malignant tumor.

PMID: 8758833 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Effects of acupuncture on immunoglobulins in Effects of acupuncture on immunoglobulins in

patients with asthma and rheumatoid arthritispatients with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis

The effects of acupuncture on immunoglobulins in patients with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis were studied.

After acupuncture, in 20 patients with asthma, IgG increased (P < 0.01), IgM and IgE decreased (both P < 0.01), while IgA did not change markedly (P > 0.05); in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, after acupuncture IgG, IgA and IgM decreased (P < 0.05, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively), while IgE did not change evidently.

The results observed in these 32 patients indicate that acupuncture exerts modulation action on immunoglobulins of the human body, and that patients with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis responded effectively to acupuncture therapy, the latter might be related to the reinforcement of the immunological function by acupuncture.


Factors that influence the applicability of Factors that influence the applicability of sham needle in acupuncture trials: two sham needle in acupuncture trials: two

randomized, single-blind, crossover trials with randomized, single-blind, crossover trials with acupuncture-experienced subjects.acupuncture-experienced subjects.

Clin J Pain. 2006 May;22(4):346-9. Clin J Pain. 2006 May;22(4):346-9.

METHODS: (a LI-4 trial and a BL-23 trial). The subjects received two sessions of different stimulations in each trial. A Park Sham Needle was used in one session, a genuine acupuncture needle in the other. RESULTS: In the LI-4 trial, all of the 21 subjects (100%) felt penetration with the genuine needle, but only 7 of the 20 subjects (35%) felt a similar sensation with the sham needle (P=0.0002). Fifteen of the 21 subjects (71%) felt a dull sensation with the genuine needle, but only 4 of the 20 subjects (20%) felt a similar sensation with the sham needle (P=0.01). In the BL-23 trial, 14 of the 20 subjects (70%) felt penetration with the genuine needle and 10 of the 20 subjects (50%) felt "penetration" with the sham needle (P=0.39). Eight of the 20 subjects (40%) felt a dull sensation with the genuine needle and 2 of the 20 subjects (10%) did with the sham needle (P=0.109). CONCLUSIONS: Potential factors that influence the applicability of "placebo" needling include not only inter-tester variability but also the patient's knowledge and experience of acupuncture, acupuncture point selection, the visual impact of needling, and so on.


Characterization of the Characterization of the "Deqi""Deqi" Response in Response in Acupuncture.Acupuncture.

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Oct 31;7(1):33

Acupuncture stimulation elicits deqi, a composite of unique sensations that is essential for clinical efficacy according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: Manual acupuncture was performed at LI4, ST36 and LV3 on the extremities in randomized order during fMRI in 42 acupuncture naive healthy adult volunteers.

RESULTS: The deqi response was elicited in 71% of the acupuncture procedures compared with 24% for tactile stimulation when thresholded at a minimum total score of 3 for all the sensations. The frequency and intensity of individual sensations were significantly higher in acupuncture. Among the sensations typically associated with deqi, aching, soreness and pressure were most common, followed by tingling, numbness, dull pain, heaviness, warmth, fullness and coolness. The study provides scientific data on the characteristics of the 'deqi' response in acupuncture and its association with distinct nerve fibers.

The findings are clinically relevant and consistent with modern concepts


Li- 4 noktasıLi- 4 noktası• Kalın barsak noktası analjezik amaçlı olarak

iğnelenmişitir.

• Sürekli ağrısı olmayan 134 gönüllü üzerinde yapılan çalışmada deneklerin 11’inden de qi hissi alınmış, bu 11 kişide fMRI’de somatosensoriyel kortekste sinyal artışı izlenmiştir.

• Nükleus accumbens, amigdala, hippocampus,hipotalamus, ventral tegmental saha, insula,ve anteriyör cingulate’te sinyal azalması görülmüştür.(Yani limbik sistem ağrı işlevinde görev almaktadır).

• İki denekte ağrı hissi uyandırılınca anteriyör singulate ve insula aktivitelerinde artma oluşturmuştur.

• Hui et al (2000) Human Brain Mapping, 9, 13-25.• Replication in Wu et al Radiology 1999 Jul;212(1):133-41 using LI 4 and St 36


fMRI ve akupunkturfMRI ve akupunktur

• Ayakta bulunana gözle ilgili akupunktur noktaları (UB-60-67) uyarılınca visual kortekste gerçek

(vizüel) görme stimulusu gibi aktivasyon oluşturmuştur, • Ayakta akupunktur noktası olmayan

yerlerin iğnelenmesiyle oksipital loplarda aktivasyon izlenmemiştir.

• Cho et al (1998). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 95, 2670-2673.



Ayakta görme ve işitme ile ilgili noktalarAyakta görme ve işitme ile ilgili noktalar


Li- 4 (Hegu=Thalamus) Li- 4 (Hegu=Thalamus) noktasınoktası

Analjezik etkisi en baskın olan etkisidir: St44 ile birlikte şiddetli ağrılarda çok

etkindir.

• Sedatif etkisi: GV20; H7; UB 62 ile birlikte.

• Homeostatik etkisi: Li11; St36; Sp6

• İmmünmodülatör etkisi: GV14; Li11; St36; Sp6 ile

• Vazodilatasyon : Tw5 ile


St36 (Zusanli) St36 (Zusanli) Li4 ile birlikte Staph. aureus’un Nötrofiller

ile FAGOSİTOZU 2 kat artmıştır:

• Endokrin etkisi: Li4 ile birlikte ACTH artmış; eozinofiller azalmıştır.• Homeostatik etkisi: Li11; Li4; Sp6 ile eritrositler artar ve ESR

düşer

• İmmünmodülatör etkisi: GV14 ve Li4 ile nötrofiller %20-50 oranında artmıştır.

• Li11 ile beraber NK ve IL2 aktivitesini artırdığı gösterilmiştir

• T lenfositlerini Li4 ve Sp6 ile beraber artırmış.

• Serum elektroforezinde Gama-Globulin artışı (antikor yapımı)• Solunum sistemine etkisi: Solunum kapasitesi % 20 artmıştır.


Confluent PointsConfluent Points (Ba Mai Jiao Hui Xue)(Ba Mai Jiao Hui Xue)

Synonyms:Synonyms: Tuning points, Tuning points, Cardinal PointsCardinal Points

Ayar noktalarıAyar noktaları


KARDİNAL NOKTALARKARDİNAL NOKTALARPsikonöroimmünregülasyonPsikonöroimmünregülasyon

Si 3 (Du Mai)

0 Retro-Coeliac

P 6 (Yin Wei Mai)

Stellat ganglion

Lu 7 (Ren Mai)

Akciğer alanı

SJ 5 (Yang Wei Mai)

Timus

BI 62 (Yang Qiao Mai)

Pineal-Epifiz bezi

Ki 6 (Yin Qiau Mai)

Diazepam

GB 41 (Dai Mai)

PGE1 noktası

Sp 4 (Chong Mai)

İnterferon


Tw5Tw5=SJ5==SJ5=TİMUSTİMUS Romatizmal Romatizmal hastalıklarda hastalıklarda Master Master

Timus SJ5 :T3-4 düzeyinde

İnsülin SJ4 :T10-12 düzeyinde

Kortizon SJ3 :T12-L1 düzeyinde

Tiroid SJ6 :C6-7 düzeyinde

Paratiroid SJ7:C5-6 düzeyinde

Kulaktaki yerleri


PGE1

Romatoid Artritte GB41


SI3SI3-Genel Mukoza Uyarıcı-Genel Mukoza UyarıcıDumai=GV için KardinalDumai=GV için Kardinal

Si3-Li3 : immünstimülan etkiyi uyarırSi3-Bl62: Psikonöroimmün uyarı


Interferon Interferon (SP4)(SP4) ve veHistamin Histamin (BL40)(BL40)

Histamin-AlerjiShen menAyak alerjiTimusİnterferonValium(K6)Epifiz??

ValiumK6

EpifizB62

İnterferonSp4

AlerjiB40 Shen menAyak

Alerji

TimusTW5

Dalak


Özel Dokuların HastalıklarıÖzel Dokuların Hastalıkları

• CV 12: Fu-İçi boş organlar

• CV 17: solunum sistemi

• Bl 11 : kemik ve kartilaj

• Bl 17 : Kan

• LR 13 : Zang-İçi dolu organlar

• Lu 9 : vasküler sistem

• GB 34: kas ve tendonlar

• GB 39: Kemik iliği


▲KUZEY

►DOĞU

▼GÜNEY

●MERKEZ

◄BATI

organ Böbrekler Karaciğer Kalp, perikard Dalak, pankreas

Akciğer

doku Kemikler tendonlar Kan Damarları Kas ve bağ dokusu

Deri,saçlar

Duyu organı Kulaklar Gözler Dil Ağız Burun

Duygusal durum

Korku Öfke Sevinç,neşe Derin düşünce

MerhametAcıma

Kontrol ettiği doku veya organ

Kulaklar gözler Dil dudaklar Burun

Tat tuzlu ekşi acı tatlı Hoş bir acılığı olan

Renk siyah yeşil kırmızı sarı Beyaz

sekresyon Müköz tükrük

gözyaşı ter Seröz tükrük Nazal akıntı

İklim kış ilkbahar yaz geç yaz sonbahar


Enerji Enerji QiQi Sirkülasyonu Sirkülasyonu

Meridyenler enerjinin devamlı sirküle edebileceği şekilde konuşlanmışlardır.

LungStomach Large Int.Spleen HeartBladder Small Int.Kidney

Pericard

Gall Bl. Triple WLiver


BİORİTMBİORİTM

• 07:00-09:00 Mide• 09:00-11:00 Pankreas-Dalak• 11:00-13:00 Kalp• 13:00-15:00 İncebarsak• 15:00-17:00 Mesane• 17:00-19:00 Böbrek• 19:00-21:00 Perikard-Sex• 21:00-23:00 Üçlü ısıtıcı• 23:00-01:00 Safra kesesi• 01:00-03:00 Karaciğer• 03:00-05:00 Akciğer• 05:00-07:00 Kalınbarsak


YİN NABIZLARIDERİNDE


Yin MeridianJing-well

AğaçYing-spring

AteşShu-stream

ToprakJing-river

MetalHe-Sea

Su

Lu Tai yin 11 10 9 8 5

Pc Jue yin 9 8 7 5 3

He Shao yin 9 8 7 4 3

Sp Tai yin 1 2 3 5 9

Lv Jue yin 1 2 3 4 8

Ki Shao yin 1 2 3 7 10

Yang Meridian

Jing-wellMetal

Ying-springSu

Shu streamAğaç

JingriverAteş

He-SeaToprak

Li Yang ming 1 2 3 5 11

Tw Shao yang 1 2 3 6 10

Si Tai yang 1 2 3 5 8

St Yang ming 45 44 43 41 36

Gb Shao yang 44 43 41 38 34

Bl Tai yang 67 66 65 60 40

BEŞ

SHU

NOKTASI

Documents

AKUPUNKTURUN ETKİLERİ VE TEMEL PRENSİPLER