AlexanderGranicustoSiwa

8/14/2019 AlexanderGranicustoSiwa

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Alexanders March


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Alexanders Route in Asia Minor


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Arrival in Asia Minor

Alexander crosses the Hellespont, 334

Parmenion crosses with main army

He visits Troy

Takes Achilles shield

Restores Achilles tomb/Hephaestion, Patroclus

Memnon of Rhodes scorched earth policyignored, Persian satraps and generals wish an

engagement: Battle of the River Granicus


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Alexander (wearing white feathers) and the Companions chargeSpithridates nearly kills Alexander

saved by Cleitus the Black (cuts off his arm at last second)

Nearly all the Greek mercenaries are killed (18,000/2,000 slaves)


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Aftermath

of the battle Memnon and remaining Persians retreat to Ionian

city of Miletus

Alexander buries the Macedonians, Greekmercenaries, and Persian commanders with full

honors.

300 suits of armor sent to Athens, inscribed with:

Alexander, son of Philip, and the Greeks, except the

Spartans, dedicate these spoils, taken from the

barbarians who dwell in Asia


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March down the coast

Aim to cut off Persian ports

(liberate)

Ephesus rebelled against the

Persians and welcomed theMacedonians (Alexander restored a

democracy)


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Siege of Miletus and

Harlicarnassus, 334 BC

Siege of Miletus

Siege of Halicarnassus Famous for its

Mausoleum of

Maussollos Tomb erected by his

sister/wife (mixedashes for 2 yrs)


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The Gordium Knot

Having secured the Ionian coast, Alexander heads inland

to Gordium Whoever unties the Knot becomes the lord of Asia.

Alexander pulls out the yoke

He cuts the Knot


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The Battle of Issus, November 333 BC

Alexander proceeds downthe E. Mediterranean coast.

Darius had already set out

personally from Babylon

with a large army

10,000 cavalry/~200,000

infantry

Alexander receives word

that Darius passed through

the Amanic Gates behindhim

Wounded left behind at Issus

had their hands chopped off.


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Parmenion holds the Macedonian left against cavalry charge Alexander charges the Persian left wing (archers) and drives straight for Darius;

phalanx crosses the river Alexander wounded in the thigh, Darius fled

Leaving behind his golden chariot and bow, his mother, wife, daughter, harem, and 3,000

talents (1 talent = 67 lbs. of gold/silver)

The Battle Rages


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The Phoenician Coastline

Darius flees back to Babylon to raise another army

Alexander continues down to Egypt

Siege of Tyre (9 months) Phoenician island off the coast, naval power, mother

city to Carthage

Walls surround the entire island to the waterline

A Mole (causeway) is built out to the island Siege towers are brought up, the Mole is burned and rebuilt

8,000 Tyrians killed, 30,000 sold as slaves

Those who fled to the Temple of Hercules were spared


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On to Egypt

332, Gaza resists, falls after two months of siege

Alexander arrives in Egypt Proclaimed as liberator from Persians

Given the title Pharaoh

Alexandria founded in 331 BC City plan personally laid out by Alexander

Pharos Lighthouse (one of the 7 wonders)

Greatest Library of the world

Makes a side trip to Siwa to visit the Oracle

Gets lost along the way (birds); thirst (rain) Priests greet him as Son of Zeus Ammon

Alexander sets out with his army to confront Darius in thespring of 331


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Oracle of Siwa

Documents

AlexanderGranicustoSiwa