Alvar Alto

7/17/2019 Alvar Alto

1/81

Arch 47 History of Architecture 1945 to Present

History of Architecture 47

Week 03


2/81


Chapter 19

The Spread of odern Architecture to

!ritain and Scandina"ia


3/81


Second #eneration

These architects a$$ had an inf$uence in the 1930s% They &ere fo$$o&in'

in the footsteps of the first 'eneration of (odern architects% )ies*

Wri'ht* +e Cor,usier* #ropius -

The second 'eneration &anted to fo$$o& the .(asters/* ,ut the (asters&ere a$so acti"e* and &ere a$so chan'in' their o&n positions on

architecture%

Aa$to

+u,etkin

aeka&a

ie(eyer

Sert

Terra'ni


4/81


!ritain in the 1930s

odern architecture &as centered in 2rance* #er(any* Ho$$and* and

ussia in the 190s%

!ecause of '$o,a$ po$itics* in the 1930s* the hot,ed of architectura$

eperi(entation shifted to !ritain and Scandina"ia%Ho&e"er* in !ritain it took a $on' ti(e for (odern architecture to catch

on &ith the 'o"ern(ent% uch $ater * (odern architecture &ou$d ,e

used to create (ass housin' sche(es sponsored ,y the +a,or

'o"ern(ent%


5/81


+u,etkin

The (ost i(portant (odern architect in !ritain in the 1930s% )tet,ook-%

ussian% !orn 1901%

+earned reinforced concrete in Paris in Ate$ier Perret% )Au'uste Perret-%

An adherent of +e Cor,usier6s .2i"e Points/ for architecture%

2ree 2aade

2ree P$an

oof #arden

Pi$otis

i,,on Windo&


6/81


+u,etkin

+u,etkin and Tecton% 8oo !edfordshire% 1934


7/81


+u,etkin

+u,etkin and Tecton% Pen'uin Poo$% +ondon 8oo% 1934


8/81


9/81


Hi'h Point 2$ats

+u,etkin and Tecton% Hi'h Point 2$ats% +ondon 1933

!ui$din' &as on P


10/81


+u,etkin

+u,etkin and Tecton% Hi'h Point 2$ats% +ondon 1933


11/81


We$$s Coates

We$$s Coates% +a&n oad 2$ats% 193%

;ccupants inc$uded

ondrian* #ropius* and!reuer* after they $eft

the continent%


12/81


We$$s Coates

We$$s Coates% Canadian% !orn in >apan%


13/81


ende$sohn

rich ende$sohn% ?e $a arr Seaside Pa"i$ion% !ehi$$* Susse% 1933@35


14/81


Ap$und

ric #unnar Asp$und% Stockho$( hi,ition !ui$din'% 1930


15/81


Ap$und

ric #unnar Asp$und% Cre(atoriu(% Wood$and Ce(etery% Stockho$(% 1935


16/81


!ry''(an

rik !ry''(an% esurrection 2unerary Chape$% Turku% 193


17/81


A$"ar Aa$to

Another Scandina"ian &ho co(,ined (odernis( &ith the cu$ture of northern

urope%

2innish% !orn 19%


18/81


Aa$to% Sano(at

A$"ar Aa$to% Sano(at% Turku% 197@9


19/81


Aa$to% iipuri

A$"ar Aa$to% iipuri Pu,$ic +i,rary% 197@35% Acoustic Cei$in'


20/81


Aa$to%

A$"ar Aa$to%


21/81


Aa$to% Pai(uri Sanatariu(

A$"ar Aa$to% Pai(uri Sanatariu(% 199@33


22/81





23/81





24/81





25/81


A$"ar Aa$to


26/81


A$"ar Aa$to : iipuri +i,rary Co(petition


27/81


A$"ar Aa$to : i$$a airea 193@39


28/81




29/81




30/81




31/81




32/81




33/81


Chapter 0

Tota$itarian CritiDues of the odern o"e(ent


34/81


Architecture and ?ictatorship

onu(enta$ architecture has ,een used throu'hout history to e(,ody the "a$uesof do(inant ideo$o'ies and 'roups%


35/81


ies eichs,ank

ies "an der ohe% eichs,ank Co(petition% 1933


36/81


aEi archtiecture

ode$ of aEi party Chance$$ory%


37/81


aEi archtiecture

Ado$f Speer


38/81


aEi archtiecture

A$,ert Speer% P$an for re,ui$din' !er$in% 1930s


39/81


aEi archtiecture

ationa$ Socia$ist +i'ht Sho&% !er$in%


40/81


aEi archtiecture

Speer% Proposed eichs Chance$$ory% 90(% 1930s ode$

A h 47 Hi t f A hit t 1945 t P t


41/81


Speer do(e

Speer% Proposed eichsChance$$ory% 90(% 1930s ode$



42/81


Speer do(e

Hit$er Architectura$ ?ra&in's% 190s



43/81


The 3rdeich% 199@41

The ationa$ Socia$ist phi$osophy &as enhanced &ith the

pu,$ication of a ,ook .The Peasantry as the +ife Source of the

ordic ace/* &hich first ad"anced the idea of a .!$ood and Soi$/

cu$ture* ad"ocatin' a return to the $and% The &riter* ?arre* an

a'rono(ist* he$ped de"e$op the anti@ur,an racia$ ideo$o'y of the

naEis%


44/81


Triu(ph of the Wi$$% 2i$(% 1934



45/81


Speer% 8eppe$infie$d% 193F



46/81


Speer% #er(an Pa"i$ion% Paris% 1937



47/81


8epp$infie$d

8eppe$infie$d nure(,ur' ra$$y 1930s



48/81


Speer e& Chance$$ory

Speer% e& Chance$$ory !er$in% 193



49/81


Chapter 1


50/81


.After periods of drastic inno"ation in the history of for(s* it is not unusua$ for there

to ,e a phase of ref$ection in &hich foundation (yths are set in p$ace* $ines ofdescent are sanctified and c$ai(s of uni"ersa$ity are (ade%/

Whi$e so(e &riters reitereated .functiona$ist/ ep$anations of the ne& architecture*

others preferred to concentrate on (atters of for(%

Hitchcock and >ohnson )193- focused on the 'enera$ features of &hat they took

to ,e an .internationa$ sty$e%/


51/81


#eneric (odern de"ices such as the stee$ fra(e* the concrete ske$eton* the free

faade* the ho"erin' horiEonta$ and the p$anar &a$$ &ere (o"ed around the &or$d*encounterin' di"erse c$i(ates* societies* techno$o'ies* traditions* architectura$

$an'ua'es* e"en "aryin' definitions of (odernity% So(eti(es the ne& si(p$y

co$$ided &ith the o$d* so(eti(es there &as a (utua$ transfor(ation%

odernis( c$ear$y had its uses in ,oth ?e(ocratic and 2ascist states%



52/81


o,ert ai$$art

o,ert ai$$art% Sa$'into,$ !rid'e% S&itEer$and% 1930



53/81


Pier +ui'i er"i

Pier +ui'i er"i% ;r"ieto Aircraft Han'ar% 193F



54/81


duardo Torro=a

duardo Torro=a%



55/81


duardo Torro=a

duardo Torro=a% 8arEue$a acecourse #randstand% adrid% 1935



56/81

y

duardo Torro=a

duardo Torro=a% 8arEue$a acecourse #randstand% adrid% 1935



57/81

y

Chareau

Pierre Chareau aison $a erre% 19



58/81

y

Chareau

+urcat Iar$ ar Schoo$% i$$e=uif* 1931



59/81

y

>ean Prou"e

>ean Prou"e% aison du Peup$e% Paris% 1937@39



60/81

+i,era

+i,era% Casa a$aparte% Capri% 193@4



61/81

+i,era




62/81

+i,era




63/81

>ose +uis Sert

>ose +uis Sert% Spanish Pa"i$ion% Paris po% 1937



64/81

>ose +uis Sert

Picasso% #uernica% hi,ited at Spanish Pa"i$ion%



65/81

rich ende$sohn

rich ende$sohn% Hadassah Hospita$% >erusa$e(% 1934@39



66/81

;scar ie(eyer

;scar ie(eyer% Pa(pu$ha Casino% 194@43



67/81

;scar ie(eyer

;scar ie(eyer% Pa(pu$ha Casino% 194@43



68/81

;scar ie(eyer

;scar ie(eyer% St% 2rancis Church% Pa(pu$ha% 1943



69/81

;scar ie(eyer




70/81

;scar ie(eyer




71/81

>uan ;6#or(an

Other Famous Works of O'Gorman IncludeThe house@studio of ?ie'o i"era * &hich &as the first of its

kind and &as created in 19ura$s in the ation useu( of Anthropo$o'y &hich

i$$ustrate the history of a"iationura$s in the eico City Airport% T&o of the three (ura$

pane$s &ere re(o"ed in 1939 for antic$erica$ and antifascist

character


72/81

>uan ;6#or(an

>uan ;6#or(an% House for 2rida Iah$o%



73/81

>uan ;6#or(an

>uan ;6#or(an% Paintin'



74/81

>uan ;6#or(an

>uan ;6#or(an% Paintin'



75/81

>uan ;6#or(an

>uan ;6#or(an% Se$f@portrait%



76/81

>uan ;6#or(an

>uan ;6#or(an% Casa di ?ie'o%



77/81

+uis !arra'an

+uis !arra'an



78/81

+uis !arra'an

+uis !arra'an% +os C$u,es% eico City%



79/81

+uis !arra'an

+uis !arra'an House% Tacu,aya% eico City%



80/81

+uis !arra'an

+uis !arra'an% Con"ent



81/81

+uis !arra'an

Documents

Alvar Alto