amerikis xalxTa miTologia - Iverieli: Homedspace.nplg.gov.ge/.../1234/152084/1/Amerikis_Xalxta_Mitologia.pdf · „amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ momzadda ivane javaxiS-vilis saxelobis

ivaneivaneivaneivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisjavaxiSvilis saxelobisjavaxiSvilis saxelobisjavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo Tbilisis saxelmwifo Tbilisis saxelmwifo Tbilisis saxelmwifo

uuuuniversitetiniversitetiniversitetiniversiteti

elene gogiaSvili

amerikis xalxTa miTologia

TbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisi

gamomcemloba gamomcemloba gamomcemloba gamomcemloba „„„„universaliuniversaliuniversaliuniversali““““

2010201020102010

2

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda ivane javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul

mecnierebaTa fakultetze, amerikismcodneobis mimarTulebis sa-

bakalavro programis farglebSi.

„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ pirveli saxelmZRvaneloa

qarTul enaze, romelSic warmodgenilia zogadi informacia ame-

rikis xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis, maTi RvTaebebisa da mi-

Tologiuri gmirebis Sesaxeb. amerikis xalxTa miTologiis gac-

noba students daexmareba amerikuli kulturis TaviseburebaTa

axsnaSi, romelzec cnobierad da qvecnobierad gavlena moaxdina

amerikis aborigeni mosaxleobis kulturam.

saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia umaRlesi saswavleblebis

studentebisa da zogadad miTologiiT dainteresebuli mkiTxve-

lisTvis.

redaqtori: filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori anastasia

zaqariaZe

recenzentebi: filologiis doqtori qeTevan sixaruliZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori qeTevan xuciSvi-

li

Elene Gogiashvili

Mythology of Peoples in America (In Georgian)

garekanis dizaini: irakli garayaniZe

© elene gogiaSvili, 2010

gamomcemloba „universali“ ISBN 978-9941-12-835-6

3

Sinaarsi

winaTqma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I Tavi. Sesavali. ras Seiswavlis sagani „amerikis xal-

xTa miTologia“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

II Tavi. amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis

periodizacia da miTis arsebobis formebi . . . . . . . .

III Tavi. uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT, centralur

da samxreT amerikaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IV Tavi. arqauli miTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V Tavi. uzenaesi RvTaebebi centraluri amerikis xal-

xTa miTologiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VI Tavi. qalRmerTebi indielTa miTologiaSi . . . . . .

VII Tavi. kosmogonia, anTropogonia da esqatologia .

VIII Tavi. kulturuli gmiri da demonebi amerikis

xalxTa miTologiaSi. Samanizmi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IX Tavi. samyaros xe amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi . .

X Tavi. samyaros gaazreba maias miTologiaSi . . . . . .

XI Tavi. samyaros gaazreba actekebis miTologiaSi . .

XII Tavi. miTologiuri gadmocemebi samxreT amerikaSi

XIII Tavi. afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri rwmena-war-

modgenebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XIV Tavi. indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zRaprebi . .

XV Tavi. miTebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi . . . . . . .

danarTi (teqstebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

legenda sinaTleze (brazilia). . . . . . . . . . . .

ori TuTiyuSi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCnda mze da mTvare (brazilia) . . . . .

rogor gaCnda Rame (cecxlovani miwa) . . . . . . .

ratom aris Rame grZeli (cecxlovani miwa) . . .

ratom dadis mze nel-nela (cecxlovani miwa) . .

varskvlavi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCndnen varskvlavebi (brazilia) . . . . .

legenda cecxlis gaCenaze (brazilia) . . . . . . .

rogor gaCnda Rame (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . .

legenda maniokze (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCnda dedamiwaze Tambaqo, simindi, webo

da bamba (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wiTeli ciyvi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCnda simindi (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . .

7

11

19

24

30

40

50

62

69

76

83

88

93

99

102

113

121

4

mani (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor iswavles indielebma Taflis dResaswau-

lis mowyoba (tropikuli tyeebi) . . .

rogor gaCndnen warRvnis Semdeg mdinareebi da

mxecebi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mTis yvavili (andebis mTianeTi) . . . . . . . . . . .

iStlaksiuatlisa da popokatepetlis vulkanebis

legenda (meqsika) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

reiniris mTa da warRvna (Crdilo-dasavleT sana-

piro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

krateris tba da ori monadire (Crdilo-dasav-

leT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

saidan modis potlaCi (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-

ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCndnen adamianebi da saidan warmoiSvnen

inkebi (andebis mTianeTi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor gaCnda mze da mTvare (meqsika) . . . . . . .

rogor ubiZges cas (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro).

rogor moipares adamianebma cecxli (brazilia) .

koioti da arwivi gardacvlilTa qveyanaSi

(Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Svidi eSmakis mTebi (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro)

rogor gaxda koioti gansakuTrebuli Zalis pat-

roni (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . .

koioti da urCxuli mdinare kolumbiidan (Crdi-

lo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rogor exmareboda koioti xalxs (Crdilo-dasav-

leT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xeoba uilametis gamoqvabulis urCxuli (Crdi-

lo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ku da kaipora (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

adamiani da ku (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

aru (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Juruparis sakravebis motaceba (brazilia) . . . .

Citi kolibri (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

memalusi – gardacvlilTa kunZuli (Crdilo-da-

savleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wminda fleita (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . . . .

legenda TeTri irmisa (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-

5

ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Samani maxanakolo (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . .

saidan gaCnda kaktusi peiote (meqsika) . . . . . .

rogor daexmara taiini adamianebs (cecxlovani

miwa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

aramasa da RvTismSobeli (brazilia) . . . . . . . .

mSieri glexi, RmerTi da sikvdilis Jami (meqsi-

ka) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

qaCali (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

quxili da misi siZe (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-

ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sami Zma da bayayi (meqsika) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

yanebis locva-kurTxeva (h. longfelo) . . . . . .

zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixedviT . . . . . . .

sagamocdo testis nimuSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

glosariumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

personalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. Introduction. What is the object of the Mythology Studies of peoples in America? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

II. Dating of mythological Tales. Main forms of myths . III. The oldest cultures in North, Central and South

America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Archaic myths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. The highest divinities in Mesoamerican Indian

mythology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI. The goddesses in Mesoamerican Indian mythology .

VII. Cosmogony, anthropogony and eschatology . . . . . . VIII. Culture hero and demons. Shamanism . . IX. The world tree in the mythology of peoples in

America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X. The image of the universe in Maya mythology . . . . .

XI. The image of the universe in Aztec mythology . . . . . XII. Mythological tales in South America . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII. Afro-American mythological beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . .

XIV. Indian and Afro-American folktales . . . . . . . . . . . . XV. Myths in the modern American society . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix: Samples of Indian and Afro-American folktales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The analysis of a folktale according to the V. Propp’s

scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The sample of the exam test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

winaTqma

„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ momzadda ivane javaxiS-

vilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis hu-

manitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetze, amerikismcodneobis

mimarTulebis sabakalavro programis farglebSi arsebuli

saleqcio kursis Sesabamisad, daiwera 2007-2010 wlebSi.

wignSi gamoyenebuli swavlebis meTodebi, sadiskusio Teme-

bi, praqtikuli samuSaoebi da teqstis analizi aprobirebu-

lia saleqcio kursis „amerikis xalxTa miTologiis”

msvlelobisas.

„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ pirveli saxelmZRvane-

loa qarTul enaze, romelSic Tavmoyrilia zogadi cnobebi

amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis Sesaxeb indielTa

da afro-amerikelTa folkloruli gadmocemebis nimuSebi-

TurT.

wigni agebulia SedarebiTi miTologiis principiT. Ta-

vebi dalagebulia Tematurad miTologiis saxeebis mixedviT

(uzenaesi RvTaebebi, amindis RvTaebebi, qalRmerTebi, samya-

ros gaazreba da a. S.). saxelmZRvanelo TxuTmeti Tavisgan

Sedgeba. yoveli Tavis bolos miTiTebulia Tema saSinao da-

valebisTvis da gamoyenebuli literatura.

saxelmZRvanelos axlavs danarTi – folkloruli

teqstebi: indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zepiri gadmoceme-

bi. praqtikuli davalebebi saSualebas iZleva amerikis

xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis ukeT gaazrebisa da miTe-

bis sxva zepiri Janrebisgan gansxvavebisaTvis.

garda teqstebisa, damatebaSi mocemulia testis vari-

anti Sualeduri SemowmebisaTvis da teqstis struqturu-

li analizis nimuSi.

glosariumi da personalia damxmare informaciis Sem-

cvelia im saganTa da pirTa Sesaxeb, romlebic moxsenie-

bulni arian saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTad nawilSi.

guliTad madlobas movaxseneb profesorebs – anasta-

sia zaqariaZes, qeTevan sixaruliZesa da qeTevan xuciSvils

saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis periodSi gaweuli konsulta-

8

ciebisa da saqmiani SeniSvnebisaTvis; meqsikel da brazili-

el megobrebs igal mendikutis, roberto vilasa da marse-

lu nuneS alveS koStas – saintereso saubrebis, rCevebisa

da fotoebis mowodebisaTvis; Cems studentebs – diskusii-

sa da azrebis gaziarebisaTvis.

9

`... da Tu Tqvenc giyvarT Tqveni war-suli, Tqveni zRaprebi da legendebi, romlebic xavsiT dafarul xelebs Tqvenken iwvdian da gaCereben, da gaxseneben gardasul ambebs amRerebuli da tkbili eniT – yuri daugdeT am Zvel legendas...“

h. longfelo

10

11

I Tavi

ras Seiswavlis sagani „amerikis xalxTa miTologia”?

amerikis xalxTa miTologiis Seswavlis is-

toriidan. terminologiuri ganmartebebi. mi-

Tologiis interpretaciebi. amerikis xalxTa

miTologiis Seswavlis wyaroebi.

amerikis xalxTa miTologia zogadad gulisxmobs yve-

la im xalxTa miTologiur sistemebs, romlebic amerikis

kontinentze arsebobs: Crdilo, centraluri da samxreT

amerikis indielTa, afro-amerikelTa da evropuli warmo-

mavlobis xalxTa.

miuxedavad urTierTgansxvavebuli kulturebisa, ameri-

kis teritoriaze mcxovreb xalxebs mainc erT sivrceSi

moviazrebT kulturuli kontaqtebis, kulturuli cvli-

lebebis, kulturuli Rirebulebebis, adaptaciisa da asimi-

laciis gamo.

amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi igulisxmeba Semdegi mi-

Tologiuri sistemebi:

• Crdilo amerikis indielTa (kalifornieli in-

dielebi, preriebis indielebi, eskimosebi);

• centraluri amerikis indielTa (maia, acteki);

• samxreT amerikis indielTa (inka, braziliis te-

ritoriaze mcxovrebi xalxebi);

• afro-amerikuli (afro-braziliuri, afro-kari-

buli).

• Tanamedrove miTologia (miTebi „holivudSi“).

aaaamemememeririririkikikikis xs xs xs xalalalalxTaxTaxTaxTa mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiisisisis SSSSeseseseswavwavwavwavlilililis s s s isisisistotototoririririiiiidadadadannnn

amerikis xalxTa tradiciuli kulturis Seswavlisas

me-19 saukuneSi kulturuli nasesxoba iyo wina planze wa-

12

moweuli, mogvianebiT – evropeli emigrantebis gavlena ame-

rikis aborigen mosaxleobaze.

yvelaze nayofieri muSaoba amerikis xalxTa miTolo-

giis, folklorisa da eTnografiis kvlevaSi me-20 saukune-

Si warimarTa da dRemde grZeldeba. amerikeli folkloris-

tebisa da anTropologebis – riCard dorsonis, alan dan-

desis, rojer abrahamsis, uiliam beskomis, arker teilori-

sa da sxvaTa SromebSi siRrmiseulad aris naCvenebi fol-

kloristikis kavSiri filologiasTan, eTnologiasa da ame-

rikis istoriasTan, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia miTo-

logiis gageba da gaazreba. maTi kvleva moicavs rogorc

regionalur, eTnikur, rasobriv da profesiul jgufTa

xalxur gadmocemebs, ise masmediis gavlenas qalaqur da in-

dustriul yofaze.

amerikis indielTa da afro-amerikelTa miTologiis

SeswavlaSi umniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes alan dandesma

da riCard dorsonma.

alan dandesis interesebi folkloristikisa da eTno-

logiis sakiTxTa farTo speqtrs moicavs: miTologia,

rwmena-warmodgenebi, Tqmulebebi, qalaquri folklori, sa-

bavSvo folklori, bibliuri da naxevrad xalxuri lite-

ratura. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti alan dandesis kvlevebSi

indielTa miTologiazea gadatanili, romlis Seswavlisas

igi kulturis istoriis, eTnologiis, folkloristikis,

teqstologiis da fsiqoanalizis meTodebis kombinacias

axdenda.

riCard dorsonis samecniero moRvaweobaSi gansakuTre-

buli adgili afro-amerikuli folkloris kvlevas uWi-

ravs. sxvadasxva eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgufebis gamok-

vlevis Sedegad dorsonma Seqmna pirveli fundamenturi

korpusi amerikuli xalxuri gadmocemebisa. man gaaanaliza

calkeuli mTqmelis stili da individualoba, yuradReba

miaqcia avtobiografiul zepir moTxrobebs, saTavgadasavlo

ambebsa da istoriul gadmocemebs, romlebic specifikur

Janrs qmnian amerikul folklorSi.

13

rac Seexeba amerikis indielTa miTologias, misi kvle-

vis mcdelobebi jer kidev me-16 saukunidan daiwyo evro-

pel mogzaurTa da mecnierTa naSromebSi. miuxedavad kvle-

vis xangrZlivi tradiciisa, indielTa zepiri gadmocemebis

sruli fiqsacia me-20 saukunemde ver ganxorcielda. maTi

miTologiuri warmodgenebis Sesaswavlad mkvlevrebi iyene-

ben rogorc folklorul teqstebs, ise arqiteqturulsa

da materialuri kulturis ZeglebSi SemorCenil gamosaxu-

lebebs.

tttterererermimimiminonononolololologigigigiuuuuriririri ggggananananmmmmarararartetetetebebebebebibibibi

Tanamedrove sasaubro enaSi sityva „miTs” xSirad ira-

cionaluris, tyuilisa da gamogonilis mniSvneloba aqvs.

es miTis im ganmartebidan momdinareobs, romelic istoriu-

lad Zvel, ararealur, ararelevantur da daujerebel am-

bavs aRniSnavs. religiebis, metafizikis, filosofiisa da

racionaluri mecnierebebis dogmebiT miTi ganisazRvreba,

rogorc warmarTuli rwmenis gadmocema zepirsityvierebaSi,

saxviT da plastikur xelovnebasa da musikaSi.

miTosuri azrovnebis sagani, Temebi da motivebi ganu-

sazRvrelia. germaneli filosofosis, e. kasireris TqmiT,

ar arsebobs adamianuri yofierebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar-

cerTi movlena, romelic ar aixsneba miTosurad da ar

dgas masTan axlos.

terminebi „miTi“ da „miTosuri“ erTi da imave mniSvne-

lobiT aris gamoyenebuli saxelmZRvaneloSi: arsebiTi saxe-

li „miTi“ zepirsityvier teqsts an grafikul naxats aR-

niSnavs, zedsarTavi „miTosuri“ ki miTis Semcvels.

miTosuri azrovneba nebismier sazogadoebaSi arsebobs

da sxvadasxvagvari simkveTriT aris gamoxatuli. mTavari

aris is, rom miTis sagani namdvilia da ara gamogonili.

iseT sazogadoebaSi, romelSic jer kidev Zlieria miTosu-

ri azrovneba, miTi aris ara gamonagoni, aramed WeSmariti

realoba. miTs aqvs gansazRvruli struqtura, romelic

14

arc zRaprulia da arc yofiTi. adamianis gancdebi, codna

Tu sxva miTSi gamoxatulia ara abstraqtuli simboloe-

biT, aramed pirdapir da konkretulad.

ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurze myofi xalxebis yo-

fasa da kulturaSi bevri iseTi ram Cans, rac Tanamedrove

sazogadoebisTvisac ar aris ucxo. b. malinovskis TeoriiT,

Secdoma iqneboda gvefiqra, rom adamiani ganviTarebis adre-

ul safexurze cdeboda da gonebasa da misticizms erTma-

neTSi urevda. magiur ritualSi adamiani cdilobs, gavlena

moaxdinos saswaulze ara imitom, rom ar icis sakuTari

SesaZleblobebi, aramed imitom, rom mas sjera Tavisi gan-

sakuTrebuli Zalisa.

samyaros aRqma, romelic Cveni drois gadmosaxedidan

iracionalurad an mistikurad aRiqmeba, sinamdvileSi miTo-

suri azrovnebidan momdinareobs. Tu Cven maT sworad ga-

vacnobierebT anu ise SevxedavT, rogorc TviTon im sazoga-

doebis wevri, davinaxavT, rom es azrovneba sulac ar aris

iracionaluri da mistikuri, piriqiT, Zalian logikuria.

miTi Tavisi bunebiT aris ara gonebis, aramed grZnobis

produqti. miTisTvis ar aris ganmsazRvreli azrovnebis

romelime orientacia anda warmosaxvis Zala. miTi emociis

Sedegia da misi emociuri konteqsti msWvalavs mis mraval-

ferovan gamoxatvas.

berZnuli sityva „miTosi“ Tavisi mniSvnelobiT axlos

dgas „eposTan“ da „logosTan“. samive sityva „naTqvam sit-

yvas“, „monaTxrobs“ ukavSirdeba.

miTebis saerTo niSani is aris, rom isini winareisto-

riul ambebs gadmoscemen. maTSi asaxulia samyaros Seqmna

da warmoSoba, axsnilia sikvdilis, sqesobrivi cxovrebis,

warRvnis, sxvadasxva saxis katastrofebis mizezi. isini

warmoadgenen ganmartebebs, romlebic dRemde moqmedia gar-

kveul kulturebSi. miTebi magaliTebia, romlebic zebuneb-

rivma arsebebma nimuSad dautoves adamianebs da ara Tavad

adamianuri gamocdileba.

miTebis SedarebiTma Seswavlam daadastura, rom msgav-

si miTebi SeiZleba hqondeT sruliad gansxvavebul da te-

15

ritoriulad erTmaneTs metad daSorebul xalxebs. garda

amisa, miTosur siuJetTa erTi da igive wre samyarosa da

adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb kavSirSia sxvadasxva mecnierebaTa

globalur da Zireul sakiTxebTan.

amerikis, afrikis, okeaniisa da avstraliis xalxebis

miTebis Semdgomma kvlevam aCvena, rom istoriuli ganviTa-

rebis garkveul etapebze miTologia msoflios yvela

xalxs hqonda. miTologiis SedarebiT-istoriul Seswavlas

ukve didi xnis tradicia aqvs. mecniereba iyenebs ara mxo-

lod literaturul wyaroebs (ZvelberZnuli „iliada“ da

„odisea“, Zvelinduri „ramaiana“ da „mahabharata“, kareli-

ur-finuri „kalevala“ da sxva), aramed folklorul da

eTnografiul masalas da lingvistur monacemebs.

mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiisisisis ininininterterterterprepreprepretatatatacicicicieeeebibibibi

me-19 saukunemde evropaSi ZiriTadad antikur miTebs

icnobdnen – Zvel berZenTa da romaelTa moTxrobebs Rmer-

Tebisa da gmirebis Sesaxeb. antikuri miTologia gansakuT-

rebiT popularuli aRorZinebis epoqaSi (me-15-16 ss.) iyo.

amave periodSi evropaSi Semovida pirveli cnobebi arabebi-

sa da amerikis indielTa miTebis Sesaxeb. me-19 saukunis

pirvel naxevarSi samecniero mimoqcevaSi farTod gavrcel-

da indoevropel xalxTa miTebi – Zveli indoelebis, irane-

lebis, germanelebisa da slavebis.

miTologiuri masalis racionaluri gaazrebis pirveli

cdebi gvxvdeba antikur xanaSive (arsebiTad, aqedan daiwyo

antikuri filosofia). am periodSi miTebi ZiriTadad ale-

goriulad aris ganxiluli sofistebis, stoikosebis, epi-

kureistebis mier. platonma miTologiis simbolur-alego-

riuli interpretacia Seqmna. evhemerosma miTologiur saxe-

ebSi ganRmrTobili istoriuli moRvaweebi dainaxa. miTebis

amgvari gaazreba mogvianebiTac gvxvdeba. antikuri miTolo-

giis ganmartebebi mravladaa Suasaukuneebis qristiani Teo-

logebis TxzulebebSic.

16

renesansis epoqaSi antikuri miTologiisadmi axalma in-

teresma gaiRviZa. aRorZinebis drois moazrovneebma miTebSi

emansipirebuli adamianis grZnobebis gamovlineba dainaxes.

miTologiuri codnis gafarToebisTvis udidesi mniSvne-

loba hqonda amerikis aRmoCenas da indielTa kulturis

gacnobas. SedarebiTi miTologiis pirveli cdac swored in-

dielTa miTologiasTan aris dakavSirebuli. 1724 wels ga-

mocemuli Jozef fransua lafitos wignSi amerikis indi-

elTa Sesaxeb mocemulia Sedareba Crdiloamerikis indiel-

Ta kulturisa ZvelberZnul kulturasTan.

miTebis Rrma filosofiuri azri danaxuli aqvs itali-

el mecniers jambatista vikos Tavis „axali mecnierebis sa-

fuZvlebSi“ (1725). vikosTvis uZvelesi epoqa poeturia da

mravalmxriv dakavSirebuli miTebTan, rac miuTiTebs pir-

velyofil ideologiur sinkretizmze. viko miTebs “RvTaeb-

riv poezias” uwodebs, romlidanac Semdgom homerosis na-

warmoebebis tipis heroikuli poezia momdinareobs.

ganmanaTleblobis epoqaSi frangma moazrovneebma –

volterma, rusom, didrom, monteskiem – miTebi crurwme-

nebs daukavSires.

ganmanaTleblobidan romantizmamde gardamavali safexu-

ri iyo germaneli filosofosis iohan gotfrid herderis

mier miTologiis interpretacia – miTebi rogorc xalxis

sibrZnis poeturi gamoxatulebani.

romantikul filosofiaSi miTi gaazrebulia rogorc

esTetikuri fenomeni. fridrix Selingis filosofiur sis-

temaSi miTi bunebasa da xelovnebas Soris ikavebs adgils.

romantikuli filosofiis ZiriTadi paTosi iyo is, rom mi-

Ti alegoriuli ganmartebidan simbolur ganmartebamde

amaRlda.

germaneli filologebi iakob da vilhelm grimebic mi-

Tebis romantikul interpretacias agrZelebdnen – maT mi-

Tebis naSTebi xalxur zRaprebSi dainaxes.

17

aaaamemememeririririkikikikis xs xs xs xalalalalxTaxTaxTaxTa mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiisisisis SSSSeseseseswavwavwavwavlilililis ws ws ws wyayayayarorororoeeeebibibibi

amerikis xalxTa miTebis SeswavlisTvis ZiriTadi wya-

ro xalxuri gadmocemebia – Tqmulebebi, cxovelTa eposi

da zRaprebi. TiToeuli es folkloruli Janri saSualebas

iZleva miTologiuri Sinaarsis teqstis aRmoCenisaTvis.

mniSvnelovania miTebis urTierTmimarTeba zRaparTan ro-

gorc erT-erT Tavisebur xalxur fenomenTan, romelic mi-

Toss sxvadasxvagvari saxiT inaxavs (personaJebi, motivebi,

motivTa kompleqsebi, siuJeti).

garda teqstebisa, miTologiuri saxeebi da siuJetebi

asaxulia Zvel xelnawerebsa da taZrebis moxatulobebSi,

romelTa foto-aslebic dResdReobiT xelmisawvdomia.

kkkkiTiTiTiTxvexvexvexvebibibibi:

• romel miTologiur sistemebs moviazrebT „amerikis

xalxTa miTologiaSi“?

• CamoTvaleT amerikeli folkloristebi.

• ra igulisxmeba sityvaSi „miTi“?

• miTologiis ra interpretaciebi arsebobda me-19 sa-

ukunemde?

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara:

• zaqariaZe, a.: mxatvruli simbolos bunebisaTvis. Tbi-

lisi: „lega”, 2009.

• kasireri, e.: ra aris adamiani: cda adamianuri kul-

turis filosofiis agebisa. germanulidan Targmna l.

ramiSvilma. Tbilisi: „ganaTleba“, 1983.

• Cassirer, E.: Versuch über den Menschen. Einführung in eine Philosophie der Kultur. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer,

1990. gv. 117-119.

• Dorson, R.: Bloodstoppers and Bearwalkers. Folk Traditions of the Upper Peninsula. Cambridge 1952.

18

• Dorson, R.: America in Legend. New York 1973.

• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.

19

II Tavi

amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis periodizacia da miTis arsebobis formebi

indielTa da afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri

sistemebi. miTosis arsebobis formebi. fol-

kloris arsebiTi niSnebi.

amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovan

sistemebs qmnian indielTa da afro-amerikelTa xalxuri

gadmocemebi. maTi Seswavlisas gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve

evraziis kontinentidan Semosuli folklori da Tanamed-

rove amerikis kultura (mwerloba, xelovneba, kinematogra-

fia), romlebic amerikis xalxTa miTologiis Sesaswavlad

mdidar wyaroebs warmoadgenen.

miTebis SedarebiTi Seswavlis didi xnis tradicia

adasturebs, rom miTebis uZvelesi da primitiuli safexu-

rebia miTebi cxovelebis Sesaxeb, astraluri miTologia

(solaruli da lunaruli miTebi, miTebi mnaTobebis Sesa-

xeb) da kosmogoniuri da anTropogoniuri miTebi (samyarosa

da adamianis warmoSobis Sesaxeb). miwaTmoqmedi xalxebis-

Tvis damaxasiaTebelia e. w. agraruli miTebi mokvdavi da

aRdgenadi RvTaebebis Sesaxeb.

inininindidididielelelelTaTaTaTa da da da da afafafafrorororo----aaaamemememeririririkelkelkelkelTaTaTaTa mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiuuuurrrriiii ssssisisisistetetetememememebibibibi

amerikis indielTa (Crdilo, centraluri da samxreT

amerikis) miTologiur sistemebs pirobiTad amgvarad aTa-

riReben:

• gvian paleoliTis xana – miTebi cecxlis, adamiane-

bis, cxovelebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

20

• Semgroveblobis xana – miTebi sakvebis mfarvel

RvTaebebze, mcenareTa keTil sulebze, samyaros

struqturaze.

• domestikaciisa da adremiwaTmoqmedebis periodi (Zv.

w. V aTaswl.) – nayofierebis qalRmerTis kulti.

• Zv. w. XV-IV ss. – olmekebis adreklasobrivi sazo-

gadoebis axali miTologiuri sistemis Seqmna. iagua-

ris kulti, cxovelTa eposi.

• klasikuri periodi (I-IX ss.) – maias adreklasobriv

qalaq-saxelmwifoebTan erTad miTologiuri sistemis

ganviTareba. RmerTebisa da mmarTvelebis urTierTkav-

Siri. qalaqebis damaarseblebis miTosi.

afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri gadmocemebi moicavs

sxvadasxva dros „Savkanianebad“ da „zangebad“, dRevandel

dRes ki „afro-amerikelebad“ wodebul xalxTa zepirsit-

yvier teqstebs. maTi daTariReba pirobiTad ase SeiZleba:

• XVII-XVIII ss. – roca evropelebma amerikis konti-

nentze plantaciebSi samuSaod Camoiyvanes afrikele-

bi, romlebic Tavisi folkloris tradiciebs agrZe-

lebdnen.

• XIX-XX ss. – amerikis Savkaniani mosaxleoba saku-

Tar specifikur TxrobiT repertuars qmnis, rome-

lic gansxvavdeba tradiciuli afrikuli folklo-

risgan da ufro metad evropuli zepiri tradiciis

gavlenas ganicdis.

afro-amerikul miTologiur gadmocemebSi Sedis mokle

moTxrobebi cxovelebsa da frinvelebze, Savkaniani da TeT-

rkaniani xalxis warmoSobaze, sulebze da sxva. metad po-

pularulia bibliuri Temebi da socialuri protestebi.

afro-amerikul zepir tradiciaSi xSiria irlandiuri anek-

dotebi, romlebic Savkanian mosaxleobaSi iseve gavrcele-

bulia, rogorc TeTrkanian mosaxleobaSi.

21

mimimimiToToToTosisisisis s s s ararararsesesesebobobobobibibibis fs fs fs forororormemememebibibibi

miTosuri siuJetebi da motivebi xelovnebis sxvadasxva

dargSi, xalxur SemoqmedebaSi da ama Tu im xalxis yofie-

rebis sxvadasxva formaSi vlindeba: uZveles saxviT xelov-

nebaSi, qandakebaSi, arqiteqturis ZeglebSi, musikaSi, qore-

ografiaSi, sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis nivTebis moxatu-

lobasa da formebSi, ritualebSi, wes-CveulebebSi, crur-

wmenebSi da sxva. sufTa saxiT miTosi ar arsebobs.

yvelaze mdidar masalas amerikis xalxTa miTologiis

Sesaswavlad zepirsityvieri teqstebi warmoadgens. miTo-

logiuri gadmocemebi Sedgeba miTologemebisgan – ucvleli

elementebisgan, romelTa variaciebiTac iqmneba miTis siuJe-

ti.

uSualod miTologiuri gadmocemebis garda umdidres

masalas miTebis sakvlevad gvTavazobs zRapari, romelic

folklorul TxrobiT JanrebSi Tavisi mravalferovnebiT

da sicocxlisunarianobiT gamoirCeva. Tavisi socialuri

funqciiT zRapari radikalurad gansxvavdeba miTisgan, mag-

ram masSi moTxrobili ambavi xSirad mTlianad miTisgan

momdinareobs. zRapari gasarTobi ambavia da mis siuJetSi

moxvedril miTosur personaJs dakarguli aqvs Tavisi sak-

raluri funqcia. samagierod zRaparSi zustad aris gadmo-

cemuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, dakonservebulic, misi arsebiTi

Tvisebebi da miTosur motivTa mTeli kompleqsi.

ffffololololklokloklokloriririris s s s aaaarrrrsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi nnnniSiSiSiSnenenenebibibibi

folklori xSirad gaigivebulia „zepir tradiciasTan“,

magram yvelaferi, rac zepiri gziT gadaecema, ar aris

folklori.

folklorSi Sedis miTebi, legendebi, zRaprebi, anekdo-

tebi, andazebi, gamocanebi, simRerebi, dalocva, wyevla,

lanZRva, moswrebuli sityva-pasuxi, dacinva, gamosajavrebe-

li, sadRegrZelo, enis gasatexi, misalmeba-damSvidobebis

22

formulebi. folklori moicavs agreTve xalxur wes-Cveu-

lebebs, xalxur cekvebs, xalxur dramasa da mimikas, xal-

xur grafikas, xalxur rwmena-warmodgenebs, xalxur medi-

cinas, xalxur instrumentul musikas, xalxur simRerebs,

xalxur metyvelebas (slengi), xalxur gamoTqmebs, xalxur

metaforebs da metsaxelebs.

es folkloris formaTa arasruli CamonaTvalia. fol-

kloruli SemoqmedebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ramdenime ar-

sebiTi niSani:

gavrcelebis zepiri gza. anonimuroba – folkloruli nimuSis avtori ucnobia.

koleqtiuroba – 1) folkloruli nimuSi sxvadasxva

anonimuri avtoris mier aris damuSavebuli da 2) fol-

kloruli nimuSi gamoxatavs im sazogadoebis cnobierebas,

romlis wiaRSic is Seiqmna.

variantuloba – zepiri gziT gavrcelebuli prozauli,

poeturi Tu musikaluri nimuSi erTsa da imave sazogadoe-

baSi sxvadasxva variantiT aris warmodgenili.

sinkretizmi – folkloruli nimuSis Sesruleba xe-

lovnebis ramdenime dargis kombinacias warmoadgens, magali-

Tad: cekva, musika, teqsti (saferxulo simRerebi), Txroba

da musika (eposi).

yofasTan mWidro kavSiri – folkloruli nawarmoebis

Seqmna da misi Semdgomi Sesruleba garkveul konteqsts

ukavSirdeba (samonadireo simRerebi, Sromis simRerebi, sad-

Resaswaulo simRerebi da cekvebi, saritualo cekvebi da

a.S.).


1. miTis romeli saxeebi iTvleba uZveles safe-

xurebad miTologiaSi?

2. ra saxis gadmocemebi SeiZleba miviCnioT miTis

ganviTarebul formebad?

3. ra specifikuri niSnebi axasiaTebs fol-

klors?

23



lisi: “lega”, 2009.

• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tsu gamomcemloba,

2006. gv. 3-15.

• Dundes, A.: What Is Folklore? In: Alan Dundes: The Study

of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

1965. gv. 1-3.

24

III Tavi

uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT, centralur da samxreT amerikaSi

indielTa kulturis pirveli aRwerilobebi.

uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT da centra-

lur amerikaSi. indielTa enaTa ojaxebi.

1492 wlis 12 oqtombris paraskevi dila Zvel da

axal geografiul codnaTa mijna iyo. qristefore kolum-

bis mier aRmoCenili, saidumloebiT moculi, okeanis oqro-

Ti mdidari sxva mxare yvelas izidavda mas Semdeg, rac es-

paneTis xelisuflebam 1497 wlis 2 ivnisis brZanebiT neba

darTo yvela msurvels gadasaxlebuliyo kolumbis mier

aRmoCenil axal qveynebSi.

am dRidan axali epoqa daiwyo ara marto evropis sa-

xelmwifoebis, aramed mecnierebis istoriaSi.

pirveli eTnografiuli aRwerebi axlad aRmoCenili

qveynebisa da xalxebis Sesaxeb Tavmoyrili iyo mogzaurTa

monaTxrobebSi, agreTve maT mier Camotanil sxvadasxva niv-

TebSi.

inininindidididielelelelTaTaTaTa kkkkulululultutututuriririris ps ps ps piriririrvevevevelililili aRaRaRaRweweweweririririlolololobebebebebibibibi

amerikis indielTa yofis sistematuri aRweriloba

ekuTvnis italiel humanist pietro martires, romlis naS-

romic „axali samyaros Sesaxeb“ (De Orbe Novo) 1530 wels

gamoica. amas mohyva Semdgomi gamocemebi indielTa kultu-

ris Sesaxeb.

dReisTvis maias ieroglifuri damwerlobis sami wigni

mogvepoveba. yvela naweri da sabuTi fanatikosma espanelma

diego de landam gaanadgura, ris Semdegac maias qurumebma

uZvelesi miTologia Tavisi dialeqtisa da laTinuri anba-

25

nis meSveobiT gadmosces. maias xalxebis umniSvnelovanesi

dokumentebia “popol vu” da “Cilam balamis wignebi”.

arsebobs actekuri xelnawerebis ori didi krebuli –

„kodeqs borbonikus“ (Codex Borbonicus) da „kodeqs tele-

riano-remensis“ (Codex Telleriano-Remensis), romelic

kolumbamdel epoqaSia Seqmnili acteki qurumebis mier.

me-18 saukuneSi evropaSi ukve sakmao faqtobrivi masa-

la dagrovda ucnobi xalxebis Sesaxeb. mecnierTa Soris

TandaTan momwifda warmodgenebi kacobriobis ganviTarebis

etapebze. amave periodSi eTnologiaSi daisva sakiTxi ganvi-

Tarebis TvalsazrisiT `CamorCenili xalxebis” (rogorc

maSin uwodebdnen) kulturis Seswavlisa.

uZuZuZuZvevevevelelelelesisisisi kkkkulululultutututurerererebibibibi CrCrCrCrdidididilolololoeTeTeTeT da cda cda cda cenenenentratratratralulululur ar ar ar amemememeririririkakakakaSiSiSiSi

maia, olmeki, totonaki, sapoteki, tolteki – am kul-

turebs aerTianebT saerTo niSnebi: skulpturuli Zeglebi,

arqiteqtura, saxviTi xelovneba da ieroglifuri damwer-

loba. arqeologiuri masalidan Cans, rom es kulturebi

daaxloebiT erTdroulad viTardebodnen da erTmaneTze

Zlieri gavlena hqondaT.

maia Tavisi nawilobriv gaSifruli ieroglifuri dam-

werlobiT da kompleqsuri da zusti kalendriT olmekebis

kulturul memkvidreobas warmoadgens, romelTa civiliza-

ciis ayvavebis xana Zv. w. XIII saukunea. maias uZvelesi kva-

li piriqiT, mxolod ax. w. III-IV saukuneebamde midis. teo-

tihuakanis (dRevandeli meqsika) samxedro Sturmis Semdeg

maia daiSala, mogvianebiT isev aRdga da Tavis kulminacias

tropikuli tyeebis geofizikurad araxelsayrel pirobebSi

miaRwia. VIII saukunis Sua xanebSi oTxi mniSvnelovani cen-

tri Camoyalibda (tikali, kopani, palenku da kalakmuli),

romelTa irgvliv bevri qalaqi da sofeli aRmocenda. am

yvelafris miuxedavad ar dasturdeba erTi centraluri ma-

ias saxelmwifos arseboba.

26

gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo, magram savaraudod omebis

Sedegad IX-X saukuneebSi mosaxleobam datova qalaqebi da

junglebs miaSura. am katastrofis Semdeg maias kultura

iukatanis naxevarkunZulze ganlagda, sadac X-XIII saukune-

ebSi sxvadasxva saqalaqo centrebi warmoiSva. erT-erTi

maTgani, saxeldobr CiCen itca, actekebis winamorbedebma,

tulelma toltekebma daipyres da Tavisi eqspansia mTlia-

nad ganaxorcieles. CiCen itca, legendis mixedviT, 987

wels daaarsa TviTon miTosurma gmirma, tolanidan (tula

CrdiloeT meqsikaSi) gamodevnilma kecalkoatlma. XVIII

saukuneSi CiCen itca daeca da imavdroulad aRzevda qala-

qi maiapani meridis siaxloves, romelic ganadgurda 1441

wels. roca espaneli dampyroblebi centralur amerikaSi

Cavidnen, maias kultura gaqrobis piras idga. didi Savi

ucnobi Zalis moaxloebisas 1517 wels iukatanis mosaxle-

obas gaaxsenda Zveli winaswarmetyveleba teckatlipokas

dabrunebis Sesaxeb: “im dRes yvelaferi daingreva”.

meore msoflio omis Semdeg Ciapas junglebis midamo-

ebSi kvlav aRmoCnda ucnauri taZrebis mitovebuli Senobe-

bi. dRes maias STamomavlebidan or milionze meti centra-

lur amerikaSi cxovrobs da ocdaaT sxvadasxva dialeqtze

laparakobs. isini dRemde inarCuneben sakralur ritualebs

miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve oTx saukuneze metia, kaTolike-

ebi arian.

amerikis aborigeni mosaxleobis Sesaxeb xangrZlivi

debatebi mimdinareobda. kolonizatorebisTvis indieli

mudmivad cvalebadi interpretaciebis obieqti iyo.

cnobebi indielebis Sesaxeb kolonializmis epoqaSi

arafers amboben Tavad indielebze. isini mxolod evropele-

bis warmodgenebs asaxaven: religiur puritanizms, ganmanaT-

leblobisa da romantizmis epoqis ideebs, warmatebis gaz-

viadebul rwmenas da arakeTilganwyobas adgilobrivi mo-

saxleobisadmi. yvela am Sexedulebas saerTo aqvs is, rom

kolonizatorebisTvis nakleb saintereso iyo indielTa re-

ligia Tu kultura. maT arafrad uRirdaT xalxis xocva.

axal holandiaSi jildoc ki iyo dawesebuli yoveli indi-

27

elis skalpisTvis. ingliselebis batonobamde niu iorkisa

da samxreT niu jersis Statebi ukve „ganTavisuflebuli“

iyo adgilobrivi indielebisgan. ingliselebma mxolod fasi

moumates jildos: masaCusetSi 1703 wels erTi indielis

skalpi 60 dolari Rirda, pensilvaniaSi kacis skalpi 134

dolarad iyo Sefasebuli, qalisa _ 50 dolarad. aRmosav-

leT sanapiros indielebi ar daxoces, samagierod maT pre-

zidentma endriu jeqsonma 1830 wels „Removal Act“-iT mi-

sisipis dasavleTiT gadasaxleba aiZula. man is indielebic

ki gareka maTive qveynidan, romlebic monaTlulebi iyvnen

da amayobdnen kidec imiT, rom evropelTa civilizacias

kargad baZavdnen. generalma fil Seridanma bizonebi amoxo-

ca, raTa indielebisTvis saarsebo saSualeba moespo. sazo-

gadod miCneuli iyo, rom „veluri“ indieli ukidures si-

RaribeSi arahigienurad cxovrobda. maT uwodebdnen mZar-

cvelebs, zarmacebsa da urwmunoebs, romelTa mospobisTvi-

sac „patiosan kacs“ unda eloca.

veravin acda imdroindel Secdomebs: 1861 wels mark

tvenmac ki ironiiT Seuswora darvinistebs – indielebis

winaprebi primatebisgan ki ara, gorilasgan, kengurusgan an

skandinaviuri memindvriasgan unda iyvnen warmoSobilio.

amasobaSi ki eTnologebma jeims munim da franc boasma

indielTa tomebis rwmena-warmodgenebi da wes-Cveulebebi

aRweres. me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan indielTa kulturis

kvleva eTnologebis, folkloristebis da kulturis an-

TropologebisTvis metad popularul saqmianobad iqca.

dRes es ucxo samyaro kvlav fantaziebs aRZravs. mec-

nierebas win kidev bevri aRmoCena elodeba, magram axali

aRmoCenebi mainc ar aadvilebs indielTa kulturis gagebas

CvenTvis, piriqiT, ufro siRrmiseul kvlevas moiTxovs.

aaaamemememeririririkikikikis s s s inininindidididielelelelTaTaTaTa eeeenanananaTaTaTaTa oooojajajajaxexexexebibibibi

amerikel indielTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb uamravi hipo-

Teza arsebobs. maT Soris iseTic, romelic indielebs egvi-

28

telebs, troelebs, karTagenelebsa da israelis aT dakar-

gul tomsac ki ukavSirebs.

sinamdvileSi indielTa winaprebi cimbiridan arian. ga-

reul cxovelze sanadirod wasulebma beringis sruteze

gayinuli zRva mSralad gadaiares, 11 aTasi wlis win ame-

rikis kontinentis samxreT wertils miaRwies. pirveli ev-

ropelebis mosvlis droisTvis isini xuTas sxvadasxva ena-

ze laparakobdnen.

CrdiloeTis mTiani mxare da kunZulebi eskimosebiT

aris dasaxlebli. dRevandeli kanadisa da aSS-s mosazRvre

teritoriaze mcxovrebi indielebis ena algonkinebis da

aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvneba (aRmosavleTSi: ojibva

da penobskoti; centrSi da dasavleTSi: yviTeli dana, Cipe-

viani, kaska da sxv.).

aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi irokezebisa da siuqsis

enobrivi ojaxebi iyo gavrcelebuli, ufro dasavleTiT _

muskogeani, siuqsi, irokeze da kado.

centralur zeganze cxovrobdnen siuqsis tomebi. cne-

ba „siuqsi“ warmoSobiT zogadia; dRes es saxelwodeba da-

kotas, lakotasa da nakotas monaTesave tomebs aRniSnavs.

arsebobs kidev eqvsi sxva enaTa ojaxi: algonkinuri, aTa-

paskanuri (apaCi), kadonuri (pavni, arikara), kiova-tanoanu-

ri, tonkavanuri da uto-actekuri.

Crdilo-dasavleTi sanapiro sam nawilad iyo dayofi-

li: CrdiloeTi, Sua da samxreTi.

didi auzi indielebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, romlebic

mxolod erT enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvnebian rogorc SoSonebi

da paiuti. platoze da kaliforniaSi piriqiT, enobrivad

mravalferovani xalxi cxovrobda.

samxreTSi eqvsi enaTa ojaxia: uto-actekuri, hokanu-

ri, aTapaskanuri, tanoanuri, cuniuri da keresuli. meurne-

obis formebic ukavSirdeba enobriv jgufebs. miwaTmoqmedi

indielebi, magaliTad isini, vinc pueblos soflebSi cxov-

roben, tanoanus enebze laparakoben. zogierTi am pueblo-

Tagan me-12 saukunis Semdeg mudmivad dasaxlebulia. navaxo

da apaCi atapakas tomis indielebi arian, romlebic kanadi-

29

dan movidnen da samxreTSi espaneli kolonizatorebis ga-

moCenamde dasaxldnen.


• sad iyo Tavmoyrili pirveli eTnografiuli aRwere-

bi axlad aRmoCenili qveynebisa da xalxebis Sesaxeb?

• ra da ra wignebi moipoveba dReisTvis maias ierog-

lifuri damwerlobis Sesaxeb?

• romelia uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT da centra-

lur amerikaSi?


• WanturiSvili, s.: eTnologia. Tbilisi, „Tsu“, 1993.

gv. 278-303; 107-129.

• Eliade, M.; Couliano, J.: Handbuch der Religionen. Unter Mitwirkung von H. S. Weiser. Zürich / München, Artemis

& Winkler, 1991. gv. 46-62.

30

IV Tavi

arqauli miTebi

totemuri miTebi. astraluri miTebi. inkas

miTologia.

savaraudoa, rom centraluri amerikis pirvelive

mcxovreblebs gviani paleoliTis xanaSi hqonodaT miTebi

cecxlis warmoSobis, adamianebisa da cxovelTa Seqmnis Se-

saxeb, Semdgom ki, miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad,

miTebi mcenareTa mfarveli keTili sulebis Sesaxeb.

samxreT amerikis indielTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis-

Tvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia katastrofebis Tema.

xSirad stiqiuri ubedurebis da cecxlis motanis motivebi

erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba.

miTebi mnaTobTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb amerikis indielTa

folkloris mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia.

tototototetetetemumumumuriririri mimimimiTeTeTeTebibibibi

uZvelesi miTebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia rwmena imis Se-

saxeb, rom adamianTa gvars winaprad cxoveli an mcenare

hyavda. ganviTarebis maRal safexurze mdgom kulturebSic

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs cxovelTa Tayvaniscemas, mag-

ram es gansxvavdeba totemizmisgan.

sityva “totemi” Crdilo amerikis indielTa, kerZod,

ojibves enaze “mis gvars” niSnavs. totemuri miTebis sa-

fuZvelia rwmena fantastikur, zebunebriv kavSirze adamian-

Ta jgufisa da totems (mcenare an cxoveli) Sors.

totemistur warmodgenebs sami ZiriTadi momenti gan-

sazRvravs:

1) socialuri elementi: cxovelis, raime saxeobis mce-

naris, usulo obieqtis an usulo obieqtTa klasis kavSiri

31

erTianobis gansazRvrul jgufTan da, rac tipobrivia, eg-

zogamiur an klanobriv jgufTan.

2) fsiqologiuri elementi: jgufis wevrTa da cxo-

velTa, mcenaris an sagnis naTesaobis rwmena, xSirad gamo-

xatuli mtkicebaSi, rom adamianTa mocemuli jgufi mem-

kvidreobrivad warmoSobilia am totemisgan.

3) ritualuri elementi: mowiweba cxovelis, mcenaris

an sagnis mimarT, rac vlindeba Cveulebriv maTi saWiroebi-

sa an gamoyenebis akrZalvaSi garda gansazRvruli Seswore-

bebisa.

totemuri miTebi Seadgenen ganuyofel nawils tomob-

riv gvarovnuli sazogadoebis totemuri warmodgenebisa da

wes-Cveulebebisa.

totemuri miTebi warmoadgenen gadmocemebs fantasti-

kur totemur winaprebze, romelTa sisxlismier STamomav-

lebadac Tavs Tvlis iqauri xalxi.

totemuri niSnebi naTlad Cans CrdiloeT, centralur

da samxreT amerikis xalxTa miTologiebSi.

erT braziliur gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor

wavida mze sanadirod da gzaSi frinvelis budes waawyda,

romelSic ori patara TuTiyuSi ijda.

mzem bartyebi budidan amosxa da gasazrdelad Sin waiyvana,

erTi TuTiyuSi TavisTvis daitova, meore ki mTvares aCuqa. roca

mze da mTvare sanadirod midiodnen, TuTiyuSebi maTgan malulad

qalebad iqceodnen da saxls alagebdnen, mzisa da mTvaris dab-

runebis droisTvis ki isev TuTiyuSebi xdebodnen. ase grZelde-

boda karga xans. mzem da mTvarem eWvi aiRes. erT dRes dauda-

rajdnen da ise uceb Secvivdnen saxlSi, rom qalebma ver moas-

wres bumbulis samosis gadacma. erT qalze mze daqorwinda, meo-

reze mTvare.

es gadmocema erTi mxriv totemuri rwmenis kvals ata-

rebs, meore mxriv ki astraluri miTebis kategorias gane-

kuTvneba.

32

asasasastratratratralulululuriririri mimimimiTeTeTeTebibibibi

astraluri miTologia farTo gagebiT moicavs miTebs

ciuri sxeulebis, Tanavarskvlavedebis, planetebis Sesaxeb.

astraluri miTologiis adreul safexurze varskvla-

vebi da Tanavarskvlavedebi xSirad warmodgenilia cxovele-

bis saxiT da ukavSirdebian nadirobas.

samxreT amerikis indielTa legendebSi Tormeti Tana-

varskvlavedi TiTo cxovels ganasaxierebs. Tavisi ZiriTadi

niSnebiT es sistema msgavsia Zveli babilonuri Tormeti

zodiaqos sistemisa, romelic Semdgom berZnebma isesxes da

mere evropaSic popularuli gaxda (ZvelberZnulad zodia-

qo cxovels niSnavs). zodiaqoTa sistema agebulia astra-

luri miTebis safuZvelze, romlebic ciur mnaTobTa moZra-

obis kanonzomierebebs miTologiuri simboloebiT – cxove-

lebiT xsnidnen.

astraluri miTis nimuSia Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiros

indielTa folklorSi dResac gavrcelebuli gadmocema

`Svidi ciuri da“:

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, yoveli sagani, rac ki

bunebaSia – cxovelebi, frinvelebi, xeebi, mze Tu mTvare – ga-

regnulad Cvena gvgavda. rac dedamiwaze Tu mis siRrmeSi, wyalsa

Tu zecaSi cxovrobs, im uZveles droSi adamianisnairi arseba

iyo.

mze dRisa da sinaTlis mbrZanebeli iyo, mTvare – Ramisa

da sibnelisa. isini aZlevdnen sicocxlesa da moZraobis unars

yvela suliers. isini iyvnen varskvlavTa mbrZanebelnic.

imxanad cis gumbaTze Svidi da varskvlavi brwyinavda. Ti-

Toeuls Tav-Tavisi saxeli erqva. yoveli maTgani fiqrobda, qvey-

nad yvelaze mTavari siyvaruliao, da maTac raRac uyvardaT bu-

nebaSi, Tumca TavianT siyvaruls saidumlod inaxavdnen da er-

TmaneTs arafers eubnebodnen. egonaT, sakuTar Tavze laparaki

usaqcielobaa da, Tu mainc vityviT, an davixocebiT, an cidan

gavqrebiTo.

meeqvse das, romelic mxolod sul umcrosze iyo ufrosi,

erTi kaci uyvarda dedamiwaze da es siyvaruli am kacis sik-

vdilmac ver CauxSo. ver moiTmina da debs uTxra Tavisi siyva-

33

rulis ambavi, magram debma igi sasacilod aiRes – mokvdavi Seg-

yvarebia da axla mis sikvdilsac dardob? rogor ara grcxvenia

aseTi siyvaruliso?

gadioda dro, qaliSvilis sevdas ki bolo ar uCanda. bevrs

ecada, daeZlia Tavisi grZnoba, magram mwuxarebam uaresad daria

xeli. Tvalebi Cauqra. Tanac etyoboda, debs esircxvebodaT misi

aseTi naRveli. isic yvelanairad cdilobda, rogorme maTgan mo-

SorebiT yofiliyo.

bolos, sircxvilisagan rom aRar icoda, ra eqna, gadawyvi-

ta, debs sulac aRar davenaxvebio, moxsna cidan pirbade da sa-

xeze aifara. ase moarida Tavisi mwuxare saxe debsac da Zirs

gaSlil samyarosac.

ai, ratomaa, rom pleadebis TanavarskvlavedSi, rogorc mas

TeTri adamianebi uwodeben, mxolod eqvsi varskvlavi Cans.“

solaruli miTebis mTavar personaJs mze warmoadgens.

samecniero literaturaSi solarul miTebs uwodeben ag-

reTve miTebs, romlebSic mTavar gmirebs solaruli niSnebi

axlavT, anu niSnebi, romlebic mzis rogorc miTologiuri

gmiris niSnebs Seesabameba. adre miCneuli iyo, rom solaru-

li miTebi arqauli safexurisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli,

magram es Teoria dResdReobiT moZvelebulia. solaruli

miTebi ganviTarebul miTologiur sistemebSic sakmaod win

aris wamoweuli.

keCuas miTologiis mixedviT, inkebis imperiis mbrZane-

belTa titulaturas gansazRvravda mzis Sviloba. inkebis

taZrebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mzis simbolika. CrdiloeT

amerikis indielTa tradiciaSi spilenZis cecxlSi dnoba

mzesTan aris dakavSirebuli.

lunaruli miTologiis mTavari personaJia mTvare,

romelic garkveul kavSirSia mzesTan. lunaruli miTebic

da solaruli miTebic astralur miTologiaSi Sedian. xSi-

ria teqstebi, romlebic solaruli da lunaruli miTolo-

giis niSnebs erTdroulad atareben, rogorc, magaliTad,

cecxlovani miwis gadmocema `ratom waiCxubnen mze da

mTvare”:

34

òdesRac mze da mTvare dedamiwaze Cvens winaprebTan er-

Tad cxovrobdnen, col-qmari iyvnen da saxelad krani da kra er-

qvaT.

im uxsovar dros qalebi zeimisTvis gankuTvnil uzarmazar

qoxSi atarebdnen dros. kacebs ki qoxis siaxlovesac ar aWaWa-

nebdnen. ase eubnebodnen, qoxSi sulebi iyrian Tavso. maSin mTva-

re mbrZaneblobda qalebs, isinic usityvod emorCilebodnen da

mamakacebs atyuebdnen. kacebi iZulebulni iyvnen, Sin darCeniliy-

vnen da bavSvebisTvis moevloT.

magram mze eSmaki misani iyo. mixvda, qalebi mamakacebs atyu-

eben, qoxSi mxolod TviTon iyrian Tavs da sulebis xsenebac ar

ariso. ganrisxebuli mamakacebi Tavs daesxnen qalebs. im ulmobe-

li brZolidan TiTo-orola qalma Tu uSvela Tavs.

mTvarec misani iyo da mamakacebma veRar gabedes misi mok-

vla; oRond esaa, misma qmarma, mzem, ramdenjerme gemoze uTaqa.

yovel gartymaze sazareli gruxuni gaismoda da miwa zanzarebda.

rogorc iqna, mzem guli ijera colis cemiT da Tavi aneba. mTva-

res axlac aCnia saxeze naiarebi. kra caSi aiWra, krani ukan ga-

moudga, magram dRemde vera da ver dauWeria.”

inkebis panTeons Seadgenda ciur RmerTTa triada: mze,

quxili da mTvare. damatebiTi, meoTxe elementis funqcias

TanavarskvlavedTa pleada asrulebda.

mze da quxili samsaxianebi iyvnen. mzis RmerTi Cndebo-

da mziuri diskos saxiT, romelic warmoadgenda samebas:

ufali mze, Ze mze da Zma mze.

quxilis RmerTsac sami saxe hqonda: „naTlis Subi“ –

elva, „mzis sxivi“ – quxili da elva, agreTve irmis nax-

tomi anu samxreTis jvris Tanavarskvlavedi.

keCuas warmodgenebSi mquxara RmerTi qviT texda

wylis ciur WurWels da modioda wvima.

mTvare umTavresad qaluri RvTaeba iyo da mas mzis

disa da colis funqcia hqonda.

inkas mbrZanebeli mzis Svilad iTvleboda. is mzis war-

momadgeneli iyo miwaze.

andebis mTianeTis folklorSi gavrcelebulia gadmo-

cemebi mzis gansakuTrebuli Zlierebis Sesaxeb. erT-erTi

Tqmuleba mogviTxrobs:

35

„Zalian didi xnis winaT, roca adamianebi jer kidev ker-

pebs scemdnen Tayvans, qveyniereba bneliT iyo moculi. mze arsad

Canda da dedamiwas mxolod mTvare hfenda sust sxivebs. adamia-

nebi sibneleSi amuSavebdnen miwas, saWmlis gakeTeba ar icodnen

da yvelafers umad Wamdnen. ase cxovrobdnen isini sibneleSi.

erTxel maT viRac berikaci moevlina, romelsac bevri ram

Seecno amqveynad da winaswarmetyvelebac kargad SeeZlo. kerpTay-

vanismcemlebs man uTxra:

- erTi uzomod didi, Zalian cudi berikaci mova aRmosav-

leTidan. igi adamianebs amoxocavs, saxlebs ki gadagiwvavT. Se-

gebrZolebaT kideco.

xalxma es rom gaigo, Tqva:

- raki asea, amieridan Cvens sacxovreblebs ise avagebT, pi-

ri aRmosavleTisken eqnes, rom moulodnelad Tavs aravin wamog-

vadgeso.

maT marTlac aages uzarmazari lodebisgan aRmosavleTisken

pirmoqceuli saxlebi, yovel saxlTan ki qvebi daaxvaves, rom

cudi berikaci moeklaT, Tu gamoCndeboda. bolowamaxvilebuli

ketebic blomad moimarages. dRedaRam jguf-jgufad idgnen da

aRmosavleTisaken imzirebodnen. da, ai, marTlac gamoCnda mze,

romelic adamianebsac xocavda da saxlebsac swvavda. marTalia,

adamianebs qvebi da ketebi blomad hqondaT momaragebuli, magram

mze mainc xocavda maT, xalxi ki uZluri iyo, mzesTan verafers

gaxda.

amboben, mas Semdeg aris, kerpTayvanismcemlebi qvisgan rom

agebeno Tavis saxlebs, Tanac ueWvelad pirs iqiT uzamen, saida-

nac mze amodis.“

ininininkakakakas s s s mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiaaaa

andebis didi kulturebi, romelTagan yvelaze cnobi-

lia inka (ax. w. XV-XVI ss.), maRal mTaSi warmoiqmna, im

adgilas, romelic ukve aTi aTasi wlis win iyo dasaxle-

buli.

Zv. w. Svidi aTasi wlisTvis perus sanapiroebze miwaT-

moqmedeba primitiuli formiT ukve arsebobda: klimaturi

36

cvlilebebis gamo SemgroveblobiTi meurneoba ganviTarda

da samiwaTmoqmedo kulturiT Seicvala. nadirobaze metad

ganviTarebuli iyo meTevzeoba. simindi, romelic ukve 60

aTas welze meti arsebobs centralur amerikaSi, Zv. w. me-

13 saukuneSi peruSic gavrcelda da Zv. w. me-10 saukuneSi

axali jiSebic ganviTarda. im droisTvis daixvewa, erTi

mxriv, sarwyavi sistema, romelmac miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTa-

rebas Seuwyo xeli, meore mxriv ki saxelmwifo, romelic

awesrigebda sarwyav sistemas. adgilobriv kulturaSi mi-

Tosur safuZvelze warmoiSva religiuri kulti.

inkas samefos daarseba ax. w. me-13 saukunisTvis miewe-

reba miTosur gmirs manko kapaks da mis debs, romlebic

kuskos xeobaSi movidnen. inkas saxelmwifos gafarToeba da-

iwyo misi merve imperatoris virakoCa inkas da mis vaJ pa-

CakutisTan erTad, romelic 1438 wels avida taxtze.

espanel dampyrobelTa Semosvlisas inkas samefo peru-

dan Cilemde flobda dasavleT sanapiroebs, 1532 wels is

daeca, roca ukanasknel inkas mbrZanebels dampyoblebma Ta-

vi mokveTes.

inkas imperiaSi oficialuri religia saxelmwifos

xelSi iyo. glexebs miwa samad hqondaT gayofili, romel-

Tagan erTi RmerTebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, meore _ impe-

ratorisTvis, mesame ki ojaxisTvis. dapyrobili tomebis

wminda sagnebi anu huakasi procesiis TanxlebiT kuskoSi

CahqondaT da inaxavdnen. huakasis kategoriaSi Sedioda yve-

laferi, rasac RvTaebrivi forma hqonda: borcvi, qva, xe da

yovelive, rac ucnaurad, bunebrivis sawinaaRmdegod gamoi-

yureboda.

inkas RvTaebrivi panTeonis saTaveSi mze idga. inkas

taZrebSi morwmuneTa Sesvla ar SeiZleboda. iq mxolod

qurumebi da mzis qalwulebi Sediodnen, romlebic Semdeg

qurumi qalebi an imperatorisa da didebulebis meore co-

lebi xdebodnen. Tu imperatori qurum qalTan “Sescodav-

da”, misTvis nebadarTuli da bunebrivi iyo, yvela sxva ki

sayvarlis yolisTvis sikvdiliT isjeboda.

37

maCu piCu, inkas qalaqi (peru)

taZrebSi mze adamianissaxovani qandakebebiT da uzarma-

zari oqros firfitebiT iyo gamosaxuli. imperatori mzis

vaJi iyo, imperatoris coli ki mTvaris qaliSvili. mTvare

– mzis da da meuRle vercxlis qandakebis saxiT iyo war-

modgenili taZarSi. inkebi mTvarisa da mzis kalendrebs

iyenebdnen.

saeklesio ierarqiis saTaveSi idga umaRlesi qurumi,

imperatoris axlo naTesavi, romelic didebulTa cxrawev-

rian sabWos xelmZRvanelobda. uamravi qurumi midioda

provinciebis dasaTvaliereblad, sadac huakass Zveli dara-

jebi icavdnen. isini nebayoflobiT asrulebdnen am movale-

obas, maT saxelmwifo gasamrjelos ar uxdida.

taZari ar iyo TavSeyris adgili. saerTo ceremoniebi

Ria adgilebSi tardeboda da xSirad cxovelebis msxver-

plSewirva xdeboda gamosyidvisa da winaswarmetyvelebis

38

ritualebis Sesrulebis dros. gansakuTrebiT miRebuli iyo

aTi wlis bavSvebis Sewirva, romlebsac fizikuri da mora-

luri srulyofilebis niSniT arCevdnen da ajildoebdnen

pirdapir saiqioSi moxvedriT. didebulebis Svilebs ar

swiravdnen. actekebisgan da maiasgan gansxvavebiT, inkas sa-

xelmwifoSi adamianebis msxverplad Sewirva xSiri ar iyo.

actekebis msgavsi teqnikiT samxedro tyveebs klavdnen.

inkas pirveli gamosaxuleba evropul wyaroSi

zustad ise, rogorc egvipteSi, inkas qurumebs exebo-

daT yvelaferi janmrTelobis sferoSi, saxelmwifos poli-

tikuri “sxeulidan” dawyebuli da damTavrebuli adamianis

sxeuliT. erTi pirovneba asrulebda msxverplis Semwiravi

qurumis, naTelmxilvelis, brZenisa da medicinis Samanis

funqciebs. isini guldasmiT ikvlevdnen msxverplad Sewiru-

li cxovelebis Signeulobas da aqedan momavals winaswar-

metyvelebdnen; kurnavdnen daavadebebs im nivTidan gamoloc-

viT, romelsac daavadebis gamomwvevad miiCnevdnen. amis gar-

39

da, qurumebi xelis garkveuli moZraobiT kvlav Tavis ad-

gilas svamdnen naRrZob Zvlebs. isini qirurgebic iyvnen da

iseT urTules operaciebs akeTebdnen, rogoricaa Tavis qa-

lis trepanacia.

samwuxarod, ar mogvepoveba TviTon inkasgan momdinare

werilobiTi wyaroebi.


• CamoTvaleT totemuri warmodgenebis sami ganmsaz-

Rvreli piroba.

• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocemebi „varskvlavebi“,

„legenda sinaTleze“, „ori TuTiyuSi“, „rogor gaC-

nda mze da mTvare“, Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiros in-

dielTa gadmocema “reiniris mTa da warRvna”, “kra-

teris tba da ori monadire”.

• romel miTosur gmirs miewereba inkas samefos daar-

seba ax. w. me-13 saukunisTvis?

• romeli RvTaeba idga inkas religiuri panTeonis sa-

TaveSi?


• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-

si: „nakaduli“, 1971.

• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:

„nakaduli“, 1976.

• Леви-Стросc, К.: Первобытное мышление. Москва: «Республика», 1994.

40

V Tavi

uzenaesi RvTaebebi centraluri amerikis

indielTa miTologiaSi

Siutekutli. uicilopoCtli.

kecalkoatli. teskatlipoka.

uuuuzezezezenanananaeeeesisisisi RvRvRvRvTaTaTaTaeeeebabababa SiSiSiSiuuuutetetetekutkutkutkutlililili

Siutekutli – „weliwadis mbrZanebeli“, centraluri

amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi cecxlisa da vulkanis

RmerTia.

Siutekutlis kulti da misi gamosaxulebebi dastur-

deba jer kidev olmekamdel periodSi.

Siutekutli samyaros centrSi

41

Siutekutli iyo cecxlis RmerTi (rogorc ciuri cec-

xlisa, ise qvesknelis), sastiki da yvelafris gamanadgure-

beli, magram amave dros ojaxuri keris RmerTic. Siute-

kutli rom ojaxs mfarvelobda, amis damadasturebelia mi-

si sxva saxelebi: „yviTelTmiani“, „ali“, „Cveni mama“, „uxu-

cesi RmerTi“, „dedamiwis WipSi myofi“, „RmerTebis deda“,

„RmerTebis mama“.

actekebTan Siutekutli gamoisaxeba naxevrad wiTlad

da naxevrad Savad SeRebili saxiT. es orferovnebac mis

orive bunebaze mianiSnebs – qvesknelisa da ciuri cecxlis.

mis Tavsamkauls warmoadgens ori lerwami an pepela.

xelSi kverTxi, maxvili da sacecxluri uWiravs. dResaswa-

ulebze Siutekutlis qandakeba yvelaze bolos SemoaqvT,

radganac is moxuci RmerTia da nela dadis.

uuuuzezezezenanananaeeeesisisisi RvRvRvRvTaTaTaTaeeeebabababa uiuiuiuicicicicilolololopoCpoCpoCpoCtlitlitlitli

uicilopoCtli – „marcxena mxris kolibri“ actekebis

miTologiaSi umaRlesi RvTaebaa kecalkoatlisa da teskat-

lipokas gverdiT. Tavdapirvelad uicilopoCtli actekebis

tomobrivi RmerTi iyo. kolibri xSirad gvevlineba mzis

ganmasaxiereblad centraluri amerikis indielTa tomebSi.

uicilopoCtli uZvelesi RvTaebis niSnebs atarebs, maT

Soris mzis RmerTisa da teskatlipokasic. xandaxan tes-

katlipokas oreulic kia. uicilopoCtli iqca cisferi

kriala cis, axalgazrda mzis, omisa da nadirobis RmerTad,

actekuri xalxuri sibrZnis gansakuTrebul mfarvelad.

miTebis zog versiaSi uicilopoCtli ukavSirdeba nayo-

fierebis Zvel RvTaebebs. weliwadSi orjer imarTeboda ze-

imi, sadac puris fqviliT da TafliT mzaddeboda uicilo-

poCtlis uzarmazari gamosaxuleba. religiuri ritualis

Semdeg uicilopoCtlis figura qucmacdeboda da yvela mo-

nawile Wamda.

zogi gadmocemiT, uicilopoCtli yovel RamiT ebrZvis

sibneles da ar dauSvebs, rom mze Caqres. aqedan momdinare-

42

obs misi kultis kavSiri „meomari arwivebis“ gaerTianebas-

Tan. is gamoisaxeboda adamianis saxiT, kolibrisformiani

muzaradiT, bumbulebiT morTuli fariT da mSvildisriT.

uicilopoCtlis udides Tayvans scemdnen. tenoCtitlanSi

misi taZaria aRmoCenili.

meqsikur folklorSi uicilopoCtlis Sesaxeb bevri

gadmocema arsebobs, erT-erTia legenda mis dabadebaze.

„qalaq tolanis maxloblad mdebareobs koatepeki – gvelis

mTa. odesRac iq erTi qali cxovrobda, saxelad koatlikues

eZaxdnen. mas oTxasi vaJi hyavda. vaJebs senconuicnauebi erqva,

imaT ufros das ki koiolSaukxi.

koatlikue aRTqmas asrulebda: yoveldRe hgvida koatepekis

mTaze taZars. erT dRes, taZars rom hgvida, cidan matylis gor-

glis msgavsi patara bumbulis burTi Camovarda. qalma bumbuli

ubeSi Caido. dagva rom moaTava, undoda amoeRo, magram veRar

ipova, gamqraliyo.

amboben, TiTqos qali am burTma daafexmZimao. Zmebi mix-

vdnen, rom imaTi deda bavSvs elodeboda da ganrisxebulebma

hkiTxes:

- Tavs lafi vin dagvasxao?

koilSaukxim Zmebs uTxra:

- modi, deda movklaT, raxan sircxvili gvaWamao.

koatlikuem es rom gaigo, Zalian daRonda, magram bavSvma

muclidan gamosZaxa: nu geSinia, me vici, ra unda vqnao. am sit-

yvebis gagonebaze koatlikuem igrZno, guli rogor daumSvidda

da naRvelma gadauara.

senconuicnauebs mtkiced gadaewyvitaT dedis mokvla, raxan

upatiosnod moiqca da sircxvili aWama Svilebs. Zmebs cecxlze

navTs usxamda koiolSaukxi, gamudmebiT CasCiCinebda, deda moka-

liTo.

Zmebi SeiaraRdnen. Tmebi daivarcxnes da ise gamoewyvnen,

rogorc mamac meomrebs SehferodaT. magram erTi imaTgani, ro-

melsac kauitlikaks eZaxdnen, yvelafers, rasac Zmebi ityodnen,

maSinve dedis mucelSi myof uicilopoCtls atyobinebda. uici-

lopoCtli ase eubneboda: Sen isev Tvalyuri geWiros, ras ake-

Teben, ras laparakoben, me ki kargad vici, rogor moviqceo.

43

Zmebi mTisaken gaemarTnen. win koiolSaukxi miuZRodaT. sen-

conuicnauebi SubebiT SeiaraRebuliyvnen, qaRaldebiTa da niJare-

biT morTuliyvnen.

kauitlikaki mTaze avida, rom uicilopoCtli gaefrTxile-

bina, senconuicnauebi axlovdebian da Seni mokvla undaTo. uici-

lopoCtlim mas uTxra: kargad Sexede, axla sad ariano. kauit-

likakma miugo: koaSalkosTan ariano. uicilopoCtlim kidev ram-

denjerme hkiTxa: sad ariano? kaiutlikakma upasuxa: „senconuic-

nauebi TandaTan axlovdebian“. bolos kauitlikakma Seatyobina,

Zmebi sul axlos arian, win koiolSaukxi mouZRviso.

swored im wuTSi, roca senconuicnauebi moaxlovdnen, dai-

bada uicilopoCtli. xelSi mrgvali lurji fari, teneuCi, da

lurji Subi eWira. Tavze frTebis samkauli ekeTa, saxeze yviTe-

li saRebavebis zolebi dauyveboda. barZayebi da xelebi lurjad

hqonda SeRebili. marcxena fexi marjvenaze wvrili hqonda da

bumbuliT dafaruli.

uicilopoCtli

44

uicilopoCtlim erT kacs, saxelad toCanakalkis, ubrZana,

xis gveli dawvio. kacma dawva gveli. gvelma koiolSaukxi daWra

da mokla. mkvdari koiolSaukxi akuwes. misi Tavi axlac im koa-

tepekis mTaze devs.

uicilopoCtlim wamoavlo xeli Tavis iaraRs, gamoekida

Zmebsa da Careka mTidan. oTxjer Semoarbenina mTa. Zmebi verc Ta-

vis dacvas bedavdnen da verc Tavdasxmas.

uicilopoCtlim ase daamarcxa senconuicnauebi. bevri maT-

gani daiRupa. amaod emudarebodnen cocxlad gadarCenilebi, nu-

Rar gvdev, brZola SevwyvitoTo.

uicilopoCtlis arafris gagoneba ar undoda. gadawyveti-

li hqonda, im aremareSi erTic ar daetovebina cocxali. mar-

Tlac, TiTqmis yvela amowyvita. mxolod zogierTebi gadaurCnen

da gaiqcnen. maT uiclampes – eklian xeobas – Seafares Tavi. ui-

cilopoCtlim didi nadavli da senconuicnauebis iaraRi igdo

xelT.

ase gaxda uicilopoCtli actekebisa da omis RmerTi.“

uuuuzezezezenanananaeeeesisisisi RvRvRvRvTaTaTaTaeeeebabababa kekekekecalcalcalcalkokokokoatatatatlililili

kecalkoatli – „mwvane frTebiT dafaruli gveli“,

centraluri amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi erT-erTia im

sam RvTaebas Soris, romelTac samyaros, adamianisa da

kulturis Seqmna miewerebaT. amasTan, kecalkoatli stiqia-

sac ganagebs. is aris ciskris varskvlavic, qurumebisa da

mecnierebis mfarveli da toltekebis dedaqalaq tolanis

mmarTveli. misi zedwodebebia: „qaris RmerTi“, „planeta ve-

neras RmerTi“, „urCxulebis RmerTi“ da sxva.

kecalkoatlis pirveli gamosaxulebebi aRmoCenilia

olmekebis skulpturebSi (Zv. w. VIII-V ss.). am periodSi

kecalkoatli qarebs asaxierebda. igi aseve ganasaxierebda

kulturul gmirs, romelmac xalxs simindis moyvana aswav-

la.

I-II saukuneebSi kecalkoatlis kulti mTel centra-

lur amerikaSi gavrcelda. is iqca uzenaes RvTaebad, ro-

melmac samyaro, adamiani da kultura Seqmna.

45

rogorc kulturuli gmiri, kecalkoatli gadaiqca Wi-

anWvelad, SeaRwia WianWvelebis budeSi, sadac damaluli

iyo simindis marcvlebi, moipara da xalxs moutana.

kecalkoatlma aswavla xalxs Zvirfasi qvebis mopoveba

da damuSaveba, aSeneba, bumbulebisgan mozaikis damzadeba,

varskvlavTa moZraobaze dakvirveba da kalendris gamoTvla.

amave periodSi kecalkoatls gauCnda qurumTa mfarvelis

niSnebi: miTis Tanaxmad, man SemoiRo msxverplSewirva, mar-

xva da locvebi.

Semdgom periodSi kecalkoatli iqca mebrZolad Tavis

antipod teskatlipokas winaaRmdeg. teskatlipokam acduna

moxuci kecalkoatli da akrZalvebi daarRvevina. kecalko-

atls loTobis Sedegad incesti SeemTxva, xolo mis qve-

Sevrdomebs Tavs ubedureba daatydaT. damwuxrebuli kecal-

koatlma tolani datova da nebayoflobiT wavida aRmosav-

leTisken. iqve gardaicvala. misi sxeuli dawves.

kecalkoatli

actekebis erTi miTis Tanaxmad, kecalkoatli gvelis

saxiT wavida aRmosavleT zRvis sanapirosken da xalxs Seh-

pirda, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg dabrundeboda. amitom,

roca espaneli dampyroblebi meqsikis aRmosavleT sanapiro-

46

ze gadmovidnen kecalkoatlisadmi miZRvnil wels, actekeb-

ma hernando kortesi kecalkoatlad miiCnies.

kecalkoatli gamoisaxeboda wverosani kacis niRbiT,

uzarmazari tuCebiT an bumbulebiT dafaruli gvelis sa-

xiT. misi gamosaxulebebi mravladaa xelnawerebsa da skul-

pturul Zeglebze.

uuuuzezezezenanananaeeeesisisisi RvRvRvRvTaTaTaTaeeeebabababa tttteseseseskatkatkatkatlilililipopopopokakakaka

teskatlipoka – „aalebuli sarke“, centraluri ameri-

kis indielTa miTologiaSi arqauli RmerTis niSnebis gama-

erTianebeli RvTaebaa. istoriulad nauasa da maias tomebis

mTavari RmerTia. misi Sesatyvisi kiCes miTologiaSi aris

hurakani („calfexa“), romelic Semoqmedi da samyaros

mbrZanebelia, Weqa-quxilis, qarebisa da qariSxlebis gamge-

beli.

teskatlipoka Ramis RmerTia, mfarvelobs yaCaRebs, ja-

doqrebsa da qurumebs. misi epiTetebia „mteri“, „Wirveuli

mbrZanebeli“, „mTebis guli“, „ganxeTqilebis mTesveli“ da

sxva. teskatlipoka pirveli modis dResaswaulebze, roca

RmerTebi miwaze ikribebian. dResaswaulze misi mosvlis ni-

Sani iyo fexis anabeWdi taZris win dafrqveul fqvilze.

teskatlipokas sxvadasxva saxeli aqvs, romelTagan yve-

laze Zvelia tepeiolotli („mTebis guli“). mas iaguaris

saxe aqvs da gamoqvabulebis, miwisZvris, eqos mbrZanebelia.

actekur miTebSi teskatlipoka xSirad kecalkoatlis

antagonistad gvevlineba. teskatlipoka aris uicilopoC-

tlis oreuli da megobari. actekebis warmodgeniT, teskat-

lipoka ganasaxierebda zamTars, CrdiloeTs, varskvlavebiT

moWedil Ramis cas. amitom is gamoisaxeboda Savi saxiT,

yviTeli ganivi zolebiT iyo dafaruli anda Tavisi oreu-

lis – iaguaris saxe hqonda (winwklebiani tyavi, romelic

varskvlavian cas hgavs). zogierT miTSi teskatlipoka po-

larul varskvlavad iqceva, rom cecxli moipovos. is didi

daTvis Tanavarskvlavedad iqceva. centraluri amerikis

47

tropikul zonebSi es Tanavarskvlavedi zenitSi dgas. amis

gamo iqauri mosaxleoba mas aRiqvamda rogorc calfexa

adamianis gamosaxulebas.

teskatlipokas simboloa aalebuli sarke, romelic mas

yvrimalze an mokveTil fexze aqvs mimagrebuli. masSi is

yvelafers xedavs, rac qveyanaze xdeba. sarkis garda tes-

katlipokas magiuri joxic aqvs, romelsac mrgvali naxvre-

ti aqvs boloze da amiT arc raime dafaruli da saidumlo

ar gamoepareba.

teskatlipoka sarkiT

teskatlipokas meore niSania tyavis rgoli (maradiu-

lobis simbolo), romelic yviTeli lentiT hkidia mker-

dze. aseTive rgoli aqvT mis Zmebs (zogierTi versiiT) –

kecalkoatls, uicilopoCtls da Sipe-toteks. actekebis

miTologiaSi teskatlipokas wiTeli oreuli hyavs – wiTe-

li teskatlipoka, romelic Serwymulia Sipe-totekis (mce-

nareTa mfarveli RvTaebis) kultTan. teskatlipoka iTvle-

boda rogorc keTil, ise borot RvTaebad. is iyo samyaros

Semqmnelic da misi damangrevelic; Tvali, romelic RamiT

48

yvelafers xedavda, msajuli da SurismaZiebeli yovelive

borotze; yovlismcodne da yvelgan myofi; Seubralebeli,

moulodnelobebiT savse. misi epiTetebia: „is, vinc yvela-

fers ganagebs“, „is, visi monebic Cven varT“. teskatlipokas

SeeZlo xalxisTvis keTildReoba mieniWebina, magram xSirad

wyreboda da yvelafers angrevda. ase moeqca is toltekebs.

teskatlipoka meomrebis gamosacdelad sxvadasxva saxes

iRebda da sabrZolvelad iwvevda maT. meomari, romelic

teskatlipokas daamarcxebda, gamosasyidis saxiT agavis

ramdenime ekals miiRebda, im raodenobisas, ramdeni tyvec

Caigdo xelT brZolaSi.

teskatlipokas yvelaze saSinel saxes warmoadgenda

uTavo sxeuli, ori kariT gulze, romelic iReboda da

ixureboda da iseT xmas gamoscemda, rogorsac xeze culis

Semokvra. teskatlipokas amgvari figurebi aRmoCenilia te-

otihuakanSi.

teskatlipoka, safiqrebelia, xTonuri RmerTi iyo. nau-

as tomebis Semosvlis Semdeg is Seerwya varskvlaviani cis,

CrdiloeTisa da sicivis RmerTze warmodgenebs da aqedan

is pirveli periodis Zveli mzea.

teskatlipoka kecalkoatlTan erTad gayofs cas da mi-

was da xdeba RmerTi-Semoqmedi.

teskatlipokas Tayvans scemdnen da msxverpls swirav-

dnen. actekebi yovelwliurad teskatlipokas impersona-

tors – axalgazrda, unaklo vaJs irCevdnen, mTeli weli-

wadis manZilze yvela survils usrulebdnen, wlis bolos

ki sazeimod klavdnen rogorc Sesawirs.

kkkkiTiTiTiTxvxvxvxveeeebibibibi:

• ra zedwodebebi aqvs kecalkoatls?

• uzenaesi RvTaebebidan romeli ganagebs Weqa-quxils?

• uzenaesi RvTaebebidan romeli gamoisaxeba mSvild-is-

riT?

• rogor aqvT ganawilebuli funqciebi uzenaes RvTae-

bebs actekur miTologiaSi?

49

dadadadavavavavalelelelebabababa:

• SeavseT mocemuli cxrili:

Siutekutli uicilopoC-

tli

kecalkoatli teskatlipoka

zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi




• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.

• Velie, A.: Aztekisches Erzählgut. In: Enzyklopädie des Märchens. B. 1. Berlin / New York, Walter de Gruyter,

1977, gv. 1118-1120.

50

VI Tavi

qalRmerTebi centraluri amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi

uZvelesi periodi. Zv. w. XV-IV saukuneebi.

keCuas miTologia. actekebis miTologia. ga-

zafxulisa da amindis RvTaebebi.

uZuZuZuZvevevevelelelelesisisisi pepepepeririririoooodidididi

centraluri amerikis teritoriaze gvian paleoliTis

xanaSive arsebobda miTosi cecxlis gaCenis, cxovelebisa

da adamianebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. Semdgom, Semgroveblobis

periodSi Seiqmna miTebi sakvebisa da mcenareebis mfarvel

RvTaebebze, samyaros ganlagebaze. domestikaciis periodSi

da simindis rogorc kulturuli mcenaris moSenebis mere

(Zv. w. V aTaswl.) ganviTarda miTosi uzenaes mravalfun-

qciur RvTaebaze, romelsac pirobiTad `nnnnawawawawnanananavivivivianananan qqqqalalalal----

RmeRmeRmeRmerTsrTsrTsrTs” uwodeben mecnierebi. qalRmerTis saxis aRdgena

SesaZlebelia petroglifebis, mravalricxovani Tixis qan-

dakebebisa da qvaze amonatvifrebis meSveobiT.

“nawnaviani qalRmerTi” Tavis saxeSi aerTianebs mcena-

reTa da cxovelTa samyaros sulebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebs,

ganasaxierebs dedamiwasa da cas, sicocxlesa da sikvdils

(misi zogierTi gamosaxuleba orTaviania), misi mkerdidan

“ciuri rZe” – wvima modis, is yovelgvari sinestis, wylis

mbrZanebelia, maszea damokidebuli yoveli mcenare da cxo-

veli.

indielTa ufro mogviano miTologiur sistemebSi es

RvTaeba ramdenime qalRmerTad iqca, romlebic ukavSirdebi-

an wyals, mTvares, Svilierebas, sikvdils, siminds, kakaos

da sxv. qalRmerTi gamoisaxeboda oTxnawnaviani qaliSvilis,

mowifuli qalisa da dedabris saxiT. qalis asakobrivi gan-

viTarebis es sami etapi (axalgazrdoba, simwife, sibere)

ganasaxierebs weliwadis droebs: ayvavebas, mosavlis aRebis

51

dros da zamTris pirs. SemorCenilia samsxeuliani qal-

RmerTis figurac. cnobilia agreTve misi zoomorfuli sa-

xeebic: ixvi (wylis mbrZanebeli), gombeSo (miwis mbrZanebe-

li), oboba da da sxv. misi vaJi, Casuqebuli Cvili (“msuqa-

ni RmerTi”) mediumia dedamissa da xalxs Soris. savarau-

dod, is ganasaxierebs simindsa da mzes. am periodis panTe-

ons ganekuTvneba agreTve “moxuci RmerTi” (Seesabameba ac-

tekur RvTaeba Siutekutlis) – “msuqani RmerTis” mama. bo-

lomde garkveuli ar aris misi kavSiri “nawnavian qalRmer-

TTan”, romlis arsebobac TiTqmis mTeli centraluri ame-

rikis teritoriazea dadasturebuli.

Zv. w. XVZv. w. XVZv. w. XVZv. w. XV----IV IV IV IV sasasasauuuukukukukuneneneneeeeebibibibi

olmekebma pirvelebma miaRwies adreklasobrivi sazo-

gadoebis stadias da axali miTologiuri sistema Seqmnes,

romelic danarCen eTnikur sazogadoebebSic gavrcelda.

axali sistema Zvels efuZneboda, magram olmekebma is

mniSvnelovnad gadaamuSaves. maT dasabami daudes iaguaris

kults centraluri amerikis indielebSi: yvela mTavar

RvTaebas iaguaris saxe hqonda. savaraudod, iaguars imitom

miiCnevdnen miwaTmoqmedebis mfarvelad, rom mosaxleoba

xSirad xedavda mas tyidan gamosuls, balaxismWameli cxo-

velebis madevars.

iaguaris kultis dros “nawnaviani qalRmerTis” pir-

vandeli mniSvneloba Semcirda, magram mainc mainc SeinarCu-

na ZiriTadi saxe. Calkacingos kldis reliefze (meqsika)

qalRmerTi gamosaxulia rogorc samyaros mbrZanebeli, ga-

moqvabulSi mjdari (gamoqvabulebi indielTa miTebis Tanax-

mad adamianebis gaCenis adgilia) Tavze gvirgviniT da xel-

Si orTaviani xvlikiT. ufro xSirad is miwis, sinestisa da

mTvaris qalRmerTia, coli an satrfo mTavari RvTaebisa.

umravles SemTxvevaSi olmekebis miTologiaSi mTavari

RvTaeba mamrobiTi sqesisaa.

52

ca, miwa da wyali (gamosaxuleba Calkacingos kldis reliefze)

kekekekeCuCuCuCuasasasas mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiaaaa

keCuas miTologia, romelic Zv. w. II aTaswleulSi Ca-

moyalibda da inkebis imperiis raionebSi iyo gavrcelebuli

(ekvadoris, perus, boliviis, Ciles, argentinis da kolum-

biis teritoriebi), safuZvlad udevs inkebis oficialur

religias, romelic ax. w. me-16 saukunemde arsebobda.

ciur RmerTTa triadis garda (mze, quxili, mTvare)

mTavari qalRvTaeba keCuas miTologiaSi aris papapapaCaCaCaCamamamamamamamama (“de-

da miwa”). miuxedavad imisa, rom is zeciuri RvTaebebis Se-

madgenlobaSi ver Sevida, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs

folklorSi. uamrav miTSia moTxrobili, Tu rogor gamovi-

da xalxi paCamamas wiaRidan – tbebidan, wyaroebidan, mRvi-

meebidan. yovel sazogadoebas hqonda Tavisi warmoSobis ad-

gili. soflebSi, TiToeul yanaSi idga qvisgan gamoTlili

53

paCamamas kerpi. miwis xvnis dros luds Rvridnen da kerps

simindis fqvils ayridnen, amiT qalRmerTs mosavlianobas

SesTxovdnen.

acacacactetetetekekekekebibibibis s s s mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiaaaa

actekebis miTologiaSi (ax. w. me-13 saukunidan evro-

pelebis mosvlamde) wylis, tbebis, zRvebisa da mdinareebis

qalRmerTia CCCCalalalalCiCiCiCiututututlilililikukukukueeee (“is nefritis tansacmelSi”,

“is cisfer tansacmelSi”). is aris wvimisa da quxilis

RmerT tlalokis coli da CrdiloeTis cis varskvlavTa

RmerTi. CalCiutlikue gamoisaxeboda wyalTan mjdari

axalgazrda qalis saxiT, romelsac Tavi lurji da TeTri

babTebiT hqonda Semkuli da loyebze CamoSlili kululebi

eyara. is naosnebis da wyalze mogzaurTa mfarvelad iT-

vleboda.

CalCiutlikue

SoSoSoSoCiCiCiCikekekekecacacacalililili (“yvavilovani frTa”) actekebis miTolo-

giaSi siyvarulis, nayofierebis, yvavilTa, orsulobis, sao-

jaxo saqmeTa qalRmerTia. misi zedwodebebia “mxolod wya-

54

li”, “irmis RmerTi” da sxva. SoCikecali Cveulebriv axal-

gazrda qalis saxiT gamoisaxeboda, romelsac ujredebiani

kaba ecva, ori nawnavi da kecalis frTebis wnuli hqonda

Tavze. SoCikecali “nawnaviani qalRmerTis” erT-erTi gvian-

deli saxecvlilebaa, amitom miTebi mis Sesaxeb sxvadas-

xvagvaria. SoCikecali pirveli qalia, romelic miwieri sa-

moTxidan movida. sxva wyaroebiT, SoCikecali tlalokis

colia, romelic teskatlipokam moitaca. zogi versiiT, is

pirveli zeciuri tyupis – kecalkoatlisa da Solotlis

dedaa. me-16 saukunis espanuri wyaroebi SoCikecals roma-

ul veneras adareben. actekebi mas colebis, Seyvarebulebis,

garyvnilebis, moqandakeebis, mxatvrebisa da mqsovelebis

mfarvelad miiCnevdnen.

SoCikecali

ttttlalalalasolsolsolsolteteteteototototlililili (“talaxis STanmTqmeli) actekebis

miTologiaSi miwis, nayofierebis, mruSobis da monaniebis

qalRmerTia. misi saxelic aqedan modis: talaxis STanTqmiT

is kacobriobas codvebs Camorecxavs. tlasolteotli

codvilTa mfarvelia. masTan dakavSirebuli iyo aRsarebis

rituali. misi mamrobiTi oreuli iyo teskatlipoka, rome-

lic yvelas xedavda, xilulsac da dafarulsac.

55

qristianuli aRsarebisgan gansxvavebiT, actekebs aRsa-

reba mxolod erTxel unda eTqvaT cxovrebaSi. aRsarebis-

Tvis Sesaferisi dro iyo mZime avadmyofoba, romelic Ziri-

Tadad moralur danaSauls axlda. codvili midioda qu-

rumTan, romelic mas aRsarebis dRes dauTqvamda. ritualis

dawyebisas qurumi tlasolteotlsa da teskatlipokas mi-

marTavda:

„RmerTebis dedav, RmerTebis mamav,

moxuco RmerTo,

sawyali kaci movida SenTan,

movida cremlebiT, mwuxarebiT da SiSiT,

SeiZleba Secdoma dauSva,

SeiZleba Secda da waibilwa,

misi guli [...] sevdiT aris damZimebuli [...]

uSvele gasaWirSi da guli daumSvide!“

tlasolteotli

56

tlasolteotli aris Ramis mbrZanebelic. igi mesoame-

rikis erT-erTi uZvelesi RvTaebaa. misi zedwodebebia: “Cve-

ni bebia”, “dedamiwis guli”, “RmerTebis deda” da sxva. igi

gamoisaxeboda xan SiSveli, xan ki Semosili figuriT. tla-

solteotlis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia mwyeris bumbulebi

Tavze, TiTistari, bamba da cocxi.

tlasolteotlis dResaswaulze msxverplad iwirebo-

da gogona, romlis kanidanac qurTuki mzaddeboda da mas

icvamda qurumi, rogorc qalRmerTis ganmasaxierebeli. mere

simbolurad unda momxdariyo misi SeerTeba omis da mzis

RmerT uicilopoCtlTan da dabadebuliyo simindis RmerTi.

gvalvis periodSi tlasolteotls mamakacs swiravdnen

msxverplad. mas xeze miabamdnen da Subebs esrodnen. sis-

xlis wveTebi simbolurad wvimas ganasaxierebda.

uuuuiSiSiSiStotototosisisisiuuuuatatatatlililili (“marilis qali”) actekebis miTolo-

giaSi marilis qalRmerTia, wvimis RmerT tlalokis ufro-

si da. erT-erTi wyaro uiStosiuatls sikvdilis RmerTis

colad asaxelebs. isic, tlasolteotlis msgavsad, gar-

yvnilebis mfarvelad iTvleboda. gamosaxuli iyo talRova-

ni xazebiT dafaruli tanisamosiT, TeTri fariTa da lel-

qaSis kverTxiT.

uiStosiuatli

57

SiSiSiSilolololonenenenenininini (“qorfa simindis deda”) actekebis miTolo-

giaSi axalSemosuli simindis qalRmerTia. gamosaxavdnen

ymawvili qalis saxiT, romelsac wiTel-yviTeli kaba ecva.

mas Raribebis mfarvelad miiCnevdnen.

Siloneni

SSSSkakakakakakakakauuuu (“kakaos momcemi”) kiCes miTologiaSi (samxre-

Ti amerika, Cv. w.) kakaos marcvlebis mfarveli qalRmerTia,

erTaderTi RvTaeba mTeli centraluri amerikis xalxebs

Soris, romelic kakaos mfarvelobs. kakaos mware nayeni –

qsokolatli, mxolod kakaos patara dafqvili marcvlebiT,

iSviaTi saneleblebiT da wyliT iyo momzadebuli. am Zvir-

fas sasmels mebrZolebisTvis Zala unda mieca.

Sokoladis gasinjvis scena

58

gagagagazafzafzafzafxuxuxuxulilililisasasasa da amda amda amda aminininindidididis Rvs Rvs Rvs RvTaTaTaTaeeeebebebebebibibibi

miTologiuri gadmocemebi mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTa-

ebebis Sesaxeb mTel msoflioSi gavrcelebulia da Seicavs

Zvel miwaTmoqmedTa empiriul codnas bunebaze. am miTebSi

areklilia kosmogoniuri Sexedulebebi, warmodgenebi as-

tralur samyaroze da weliwadis droTa cvlaze. bunebis

movlenaTa Soris damyarebulia garkveuli mizez-Sedegobri-

vi kavSirebic. mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebebis kulti

adamianis sulieri cxovrebis ZiriTad momentebzea orienti-

rebuli da sazogadoebis praqtikuli codnis donesac asa-

xavs.

amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi bevri RvTaeba atarebs

mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebis Tvisebebs. maT kultmsaxu-

rebaSi miRebuli iyo marcvleulisgan damzadebuli produq-

tis Sewirva maTTvis gankuTvnil dResaswaulebze.

mamamamakilkilkilkilSoSoSoSoCitCitCitCitlililili (“xuTi yvavili”), igive SoCipili (“yva-

vilebis mbrZanebeli”) –actekebis miTologiaSi gazafxulis

mcenareebis, siyvarulis, yvavilebis, mxiarulebis, burTis

TamaSis mfarveli RmerTia, tlasolteotlis Svili. igi

Wabukis saxiT gamoisaxeboda, skiptriT xelSi yvavilebsa

da peplebs Soris mjdari da skiptraze guli edo. makil-

SoCitli iTvleboda mxatvrebis, momRerlebis, mqsovelebis,

musikosebisa da moburTalTa mfarvelad.

SiSiSiSipepepepe----tototototetetetekikikiki („Cveni mxne beladi“, „Cveni sali qvis

RmerTi“, „wiTeli teskatlipoka“) actekebis miTologiaSi

gazafxulis mcenareebisa da Tesvis RvTaebaa. Sipe-toteki

dakavSirebuli iyo rogorc gazafxulze bunebis gamoRviZe-

basTan, ise mosavlis aRebasTan da daTrobasTan.

yvelaze xSirad Sipe-toteki gamoisaxeboda adamianis

tyavisgan Sekerili qurTukiT, zurgze Sekruli TasmebiT,

idayvebTan Camokidebuli msxverplis gafarCxulTiTebiani

xelebiT. saxezec adamianis kanis niRabi aqvs (damaxasiaTebe-

lia ormagi piri am niRbis gamo), axuravs konusiseburi qu-

di ori mercxliskudiseburi samkauliT, xelSi figuruli

kverTxi da fari uWiravs.

59

Sipe-toteki

centraluri amerikis xalxebSi arsebobda Sipe-tote-

kis msxverplSewirvis Cveuleba, romlis drosac qurumebi

msxverplebis tyavSi gaxveuli sazeimod cekvavdnen meomarTa

Soris.

CaCaCaCakikikiki

Caki (“culi”) maias miTologiaSi wvimisa da elvis

RmerTia. Tavdapirvelad Caki xis mWrelTa mfarveli RmerTi

iyo, romlebic tyes kafavdnen mindvrisTvis (aqedan aris mi-

si saxelic), magram mogvianebiT iqca wvimis, mindvrisa da

simindis RvTaebad. misi Cveulebrivi atributebia culi da

aalebuli CiraRdani.

Caki moixsenieba rogorc mxolobiT ricxvSi, ise mrav-

lobiTSi (oTxi), igi dakavSirebulia qveynis oTx mxaresTan

ferTa Semdegi simbolikiT: aRmosavleTi – wiTeli, Crdi-

loeTi – TeTri, dasavleTi – Savi, samxreTi – yviTeli.

xalxur warmodgenebSi Caki tlalokebis analogiurad

moixsenieba. xelSi uWiravs wyali gogris WurWelSi, an

oTx WurWelSi, romlebic Tavisi saxlis kuTxeebSi udgas.

Cakebi cxovroben tyeSi, gamoqvabulebSi, WebSi. Caks dRemde

scemen Tayvans iukatanis maias tomebSi.

60

kkkkiTiTiTiTxvxvxvxveeeebibibibi:

• ra kavSiri aqvT gazafxulisa da amindis RvTaebebs

siuxvesTan da nayofierebasTan?

• romel RvTaebebs aerTianebs “nawnaviani qalRmerTis”

cneba?

• ra RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi aqvT personaJebs?

• waikiTxeT gadmocema „koioti da arwivi gardac-

vlilTa qveyanaSi“. ra kavSirSia gazafxuli gardac-

vlilTa samyarosTan?


• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocema “rogor gaCnda de-

damiwaze Tambaqo, simindi, webo da bamba” da tropi-

kuli tyeebis indielTa gadmocema “rogor gaCnda si-

mindi”.

• ra Tvisebebi axasiaTebT samxreT da centraluri ame-

rikis indielTa qalRmerTebs? CamowereT es Tvisebe-

bi cxrilSi:

SoCikecali tlasolte-

otli

makilSoCit-

li

uiStosiuat-

li

zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi

• gaafarToveT cxrili da CamowereT TqvenTvis cnobi-

li qalRmerTebi antikuri, ZvelaRmosavluri an qar-

Tuli miTologiidan, magaliTad:

61

“nawnaviani

qalRmerTi”

indielTa mi-

TologiaSi

afrodite

berZnul mi-

TologiaSi

artemisi

berZnul mi-

TologiaSi

?

zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi

• SeajameT Tqveni kvlevis Sedegebi: ra saerTo da gan-

masxvavebeli Tvisebebi da funqciebi aqvT qalRmer-

Tebs indielTa da evraziis xalxTa miTologiaSi?






• surgulaZe, i.: miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTvelo-

Si. Tbilisi, Tsu gamomcemloba, 2003. gv. 6-20.

• sixaruliZe, q.: kavkasiuri miTologia. Tbilisi, „kav-

kasiuri saxli“, 2006. gv. 9-15.

62

VII Tavi

kosmogonia, anTropogonia da esqatologia

kosmogoniuri miTebi. indielTa kosmogonia.

avonavilona. anTropogoniuri miTebi. esqato-

logiuri miTebi.

kkkkososososmomomomogogogogoninininiuuuuriririri mimimimiTeTeTeTebibibibi

kosmogoniuri miTosi aRwers samyaros dro-sivrcul

parametrebs anu pirobebs, romelSic mimdinareobs adamianis

arseboba da Tavsdeba yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba miTosuri

Semoqmedebis obieqtad iqces.

kosmogoniuri warmodgenebi koncentrirdeba upirveles

yovlisa samyaros aqtualuri mdgomareobis garSemo: samya-

ros struqtura – agebuleba, kavSiri da funqciebi misi na-

wilebisa, xandaxan maTi raodenobrivi parametrebi (kosmo-

sis aRweris sinqronuli aspeqti). kosmogoniuri miTosi

aRwers, rogor gaCnda samyaro (diaqronuli aspeqti).

samyaros aqtualuri mdgomareoba miTopoetur azrov-

nebaSi ukavSirdeba mis warmoSobas rogorc Sedegi mizezs.

andebis mTianeTSi gavrcelebul legendaSi moTxrobi-

lia tekendamis CanCqeris warmoSobis Sesaxeb. teqsti Sei-

cavs rogorc kosmogoniuri, ise astraluri miTosis moti-

vebs:

`Soreul warsulSi, roca mTvare jer kidev dedamiwis Ta-

namgzavri ar iyo, bogotis zeganis xalxi mTlad velurebiviT

cxovrobda: SiSvel-titvlebi dadiodnen, arc miwis damuSaveba

icodnen da arc raime kanon-samarTali Tu adaT-wesi gaaCndaT.

erTxelac, viRac moxuci moevlinaT. amboben, kordiliere-

bis aRmosavleTiT Cingasis dablobi rom aris, iqidan movidao.

etyoboda, moxuci sxva tomisa iyo, vinaidan grZeli, xSiri wve-

ri hqonda. sami saxeli erqva: boCika, nemketeba da zuxe. man bo-

63

gotelebs tanisamosis tareba, saxlis aSeneba da miwaTmoqmedeba

aswavla, Temebadac dahyo.

am moxucma Turme Tan colic moiyvana, imasac sami saxeli

hqonda: Cia, iubekaiguaia da xuvtaka. lamazi Cia Zalze boroti

qali iyo – yvelgan da yvelafers qmris sawinaaRmdegod akeTeb-

da. Ciam moajadova mdinare funsi. igi adidda, napirebi gadmola-

xa da bogotis mTeli veli datbora. bevri adamiani daiRupa

wyaldidobis dros. mxolod TiTo-orola gadarCa. maT momijnave

mTis mwvervalebs Seafares Tavi.

ganrisxebulma moxucma dedamiwidan gaaZeva Cia da mTvared

aqcia. mas Semdeg Cia mxolod RamRamobiT danaTis dedamiwas.

mere moxucma gadawyvita, mTebSi dafantul adamianebsac

daxmareboda. mZlavrad Semohkra xeli kanoasisa da takedamas

mxares velze aRmarTul kldeebs, gaapo isini da aiZula funsi,

Zirs gadaSvebuliyo.

mere yvela tomi isev bogotis vels daubruna, auSena qala-

qebi da ubrZana, mzisTvis ecaT Tayvani. gauCina maT beladebi da

xelisuflebac gaanawila – qurumisa da xalxis marTvisa. Tvi-

Ton ki idakansi dairqva da irakis – tunxis axlos mdebare

wminda vels miaSura; iq man ori aTasi weli kidev icocxla.”

is, rac monawileobs kosmosis Seqmnasa da mowyobaSi,

Seadgens mis nawils. yvelaferi, rac kosmosis Semadgeneli

nawilia, warmoiSva misi ganviTarebisas.

kosmogoniuri miTebi ganasaxiereben kavSirs makrokos-

mossa (buneba) da mikrokosmoss (adamiani) Soris. adamiani

erT-erTi elementia kosmologiuri sqemisa.

kosmogoniur miToss ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, cisa da

miwis gamijvna, qaosidan samyaros Seqmna, stiqiaTa qorwine-

bis Sedegad axali stiqiebis warmoSoba da sxva.

xSirad kosmogoniur miTosSi demiurgi monawileobs –

kulturuli gmiri.

kosmosi aris wesrigi. is qaosis sapirispiro cnebaa.

64

inininindidididielelelelTaTaTaTa kkkkososososmomomomogogogogoninininiaaaa

centraluri amerikis indielTa, kerZod, toltekebis

miTologiaSi umaRlesma RmerTma da misma meuRlem Seqmnes

oTxi vaJi: wiTeli teskatlipoka, Savi teskatlipoka, ke-

calkoatli da uicilopoCtli. isini samyaros oTx mxares

ganasaxierebdnen.

kecalkoatlma da teskatlipokam caSi aiyvanes miwis

qalRmerTi tlaltekutli, romelic ikbineboda da sanam

daeSvebodnen, ukve wyali warmoiqmna. qalRmerTisgan Seqmnes

miwa, misi Tmebisgan – xeebi, yvavilebi da balaxi, Tvale-

bisgan – Webi, wyaroebi da mRvimeebi, pirisgan – mdinareebi

da didi gamoqvabulebi, cxvirisgan – velebi da borcvebi,

mxrebisgan – mTebi. miwis Seqmnisgan 600 wlis Semdeg Seiq-

mna cecxli da mzis naxevari. Semdeg RmerTebis brZanebiT

kecalkoatlma da uicilopoCtlma Seqmnes pirveli wyvili.

kacs ubrZanes xvna, qals – rTva da qsova. Semdeg Seqmnes

dReebi da dayves Tveebad. da roca RmerTebma dainaxes, rom

naxevari mze sakmarisi ar iyo gasanaTeblad, maSin teskat-

lipoka Tavad gadaiqca mzed. is iyo samyaros pirveli peri-

odis mze. Semdeg RmerTebma gigantebi Seqmnes.

aaaavovovovonanananavivivivilolololonananana

Crdilo amerikis (zunis tomis) indielTa miTologia-

Si yoveli arsebis Semqmneli da pirvelmizezi aris RmerTi

avonavilona.

avonavilona imyofeboda pirvelsawyis sibneleSi da

usazRvro sivrceSi, sadac Semdgom Tavisi azri mimarTa.

iqidan warmoiSva burusi, romelic Seicavda sicocxlis Ca-

nasaxs. mogvianebiT avonavilonam miiRo mzis saxe. misi naT-

lisa da siTbos moqmedebiT burusi wvimad iqca da zRvebi

Seiqmna. Tavisi sxeulis nawilebisgan avonavilonam tyupi

samyaro Seqmna: oTxsafarveliani deda-miwa da yovlismom-

cveli mama-ca, romelTagan modis danarCeni sicocxle. avo-

65

navilona gansxeulebulia cargvalSi, naTelSi, haersa da

RrublebSi.

ananananTroTroTroTropopopopogogogogoninininiuuuuriririri mimimimiTeTeTeTebibibibi

anTropogoniuri miTebi anu miTebi adamianis warmoSo-

bis Sesaxeb ganekuTvneba kosmogoniuri miTebis sistemas.

anTropogoniur miTebSi aRwerilia adamianebis erTmane-

Tisgan gansxvavebac, aseve sxvadasxva tomTa warmoSobac,

rogorc, magaliTad, meqsikur legendaSi “rogor gaCndnen

zangebi, indielebi da metisebi”. es xalxuri gadmocema mi-

Tologiuri da bibliuri motivebisgan Sedgeba:

„adamsa da evas sami vaJi hyavdaT: melqiori, gaspari da

balTazari. adamma romis sma daiwyo da Sin xSirad mTvrali mi-

dioda xolme.

erTxel melqiorma mama mTvrali ipova gzaze da gaifiqra:

„ai, sadamde mivida mamaCveni. unda davsajo. modi, saxes naxSiriT

movuxatav, rom gamoiRviZebs, Sercxvebao, - da marTlac, saxeze

naxSiri wausva.

ZmasTan gaspari mivida da eubneba:

- egre ki ara, ai, ase unda mogesvao, - da ufro mouTxupna

saxe. am dros Tavs umcrosi Zma balTazari wamoadgaT.

- vin gabeda, vin moTxupna mamaCemio? – ikiTxa da saxe cxvir-

saxociT mouwminda. adams gamoeRviZa. balTazarma hkiTxa:

- mami, ra dagemarTao?

- Svilo, egre vin momTxupnao? – gaocda adami.

- ar vicio.

adami Sin wavida da ivaxSma. mere melqiorsa da gaspars dau-

Zaxa da hkiTxa: saxe Tqven xom ar gamiTxupneTo.

- ara, Cven ar mogviTxupniao, – miugo orivem.

biWebi zRvaze sabanaod wavidnen. pirvelad melqiorma ibanava.

wylidan rom amovida, mTlad Savi iyo. TviTon iyo damnaSave,

radgan mamas ase Seubraleblad moeqca. mere adamis meore vaJi,

gaspari Sevida wyalSi. wylidan moyviTalo-moyavisfro gamovida.

yvelaze bolos balTazari amovida wylidan. Tvalebi mwvane gax-

domoda, kani TeTrad uqaTqaTebda. maSin adamma Tqva:

66

- ar gamotydiT Tqvens danaSaulSi, magram axla yvela daina-

xavs, vis undoda mamis Sercxvenao.

melqiori, gaspari da balTazari tisiminis wminda mefeebi

gaxdnen, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, isini pirvelebi gaCndnen

zRvaSi (isini pirvelsaxeebi arian im adamianebisa, romlebic Sem-

dgom gaCndnen im adgilebSi).

ase Caeyara safuZveli qristianTa sam ganStoebas: melqiori-

viT Sav zangebs, gaspariviT moyviTalo-yavisfer indielebs da

yvelaze umcrosi balTazaris msgavs metisebs.

zangebma da indielebma bevri da mZime samuSao unda Seasru-

lon, rom Tavi irCinon. metisebs ki SeuZliaT kalmiT imuSaon,

mecnierebis garda arafers mohkidon xeli.”

RmerTebi, demiurgebi Tu kulturuli gmirebi pirvel

adamianebs sxvadasxva masalisgan qmnian (magaliTad, Crdilo

amerikel indielTa – algonkinebis miTologiaSi demiurgi

adamianebs qmnis cxovelebis ConCxisgan, Tevzebisgan da

frinvelebisgan; perus indielTa miTologiaSi adamiani pal-

mis xisgan iqmneba.

Crdilo amerikis indielebis – irokezebis miTologia-

Si ioskexa pirvel adamianebs Zerwavs Tixisgan Tavisive ana-

reklis msgavsad. Crdilo amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi

talaxisgan adamianis Seqmna gavrcelebuli anTropogoniuri

miTosia.

kosmogoniuri da anTropogoniuri miTebi pirdapir kav-

SirSia kulturuli gmiris miTosTan.

esesesesqaqaqaqatotototolololologigigigiuuuuriririri mimimimiTeTeTeTebibibibi

esqatologiuri miTebi samyaros mosalodneli aRsas-

rulis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. kosmogoniuri miTebisgan gan-

sxvavebiT esqatologiur miTebSi moTxrobilia samyaros

aRsasrulze da mocemulia winaswarmetyveleba. esqatolo-

giur miTebSi Sedis agreTve miTebi katastrofebze, kalen-

daruli miTebi, warmodgenebi mokvdav da aRdgenad RvTaebeb-

ze, borot sulebsa da sikvdilze.

67

esqatologiuri miTosis klasikuri magaliTia acteke-

bisa da nauas cikluri epoqebi oTxi mzis monacvleobiT.

esqatologiuri miTebi skandinaviur-germanikul, indu-

istur da iudaistur miTologiebSic arsebobs. qristianul

religiaSi amisi magaliTia apokalipsi.

kolonialur epoqebSi dapyrobil xalxebSi mesianis-

turi ideebi gansakuTrebiT me-19 saukuneSi ganviTarda, an-

tikolonialisturi moZraobebis saTaveSi xSirad winaswar-

metyvelebi idgnen (religiuri niSniT).


• ris Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili kosmogoniur da an-

Tropogoniur miTebSi?

• ris Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili esqatologiur miTeb-

Si?


• waikiTxeT samxreT da CrdiloeT amerikis indielTa

gadmocemebi samyaros Seqmnis da warRvnis Sesaxeb:

„rogor gaCndnen warRvnis Semdeg mdinareebi da mxe-

cebi“ (brazilia), „rogor gaCnda Rame“ (brazilia),

„rogor gaCndnen adamianebi da saidan warmoiSvnen in-

kebi“ (andebis mTianeTi), „rogor ubiZges cas“ (Crdi-

loeTi), „rogor gaCnda Rame“ (cecxlovani miwa),

„ratomaa Rame grZeli“ (cecxlovani miwa), „ratom

dadis mze nel-nela“ (cecxlovani miwa), „rogor gaC-

nda mze da mTvare“ (meqsika).

• miTologiur gadmocemaTa romel rigs miakuTvnebdiT

am teqstebs: astralur miTebs, kosmogoniur miTebs

Tu sxvas?

• ra saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli motivebi aqvT samxreT

da CrdiloeT indielTa kosmogoniur gadmocemebs?

• gaixseneT sxva legendebi varskvlavebis Sesaxeb da

SeadareT teqstebi.

68






• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi: “Tsu ga-

momcemloba”, 2006. gv. 20-24.

• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.


1984. gv. 1118-1120.

69

VIII Tavi

kulturuli gmiri da demonebi amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi. Samanizmi

kulturuli gmiri. demonuri Tqmulebebi.

cneba „Samani“. preriebis indielebi. Crdilo-

aRmosavleTis indielebi. Crdilo-dasavleTis

indielebi. kalifornieli indielebi.

kkkkulululultutututururururulililili ggggmimimimiriririri

kulturul gmirs icnobs msoflios yvela xalxis mi-

Tologia. gansakuTrebiT Camoyalibebuli saxe aqvs Sume-

rul-aqadur, egviptur, Zvel iranul, Zvel indur, iberi-

ul-kavkasiur, berZnul, skandinaviur, paleoafrikul, pale-

oaziur, polineziur da Crdiloamerikis indielTa miTo-

logiur sistemebSi. xSirad es miTosuri personaJi tote-

muri winaparia – cxovelTa da adamianTa gansazRvruli

jgufis Semqmneli.

samecniero termini „kulturuli gmiri“ miTologiaSi

iseT personaJs aRniSnavs, romelic pirvelad moipovebs an

qmnis adamianebisTvis sxvadasxva kulturul sagnebs –

cecxls, mcenares, Sromis iaraRebs da sxv., aswavlis nadi-

robis xerxebs, ayalibebs gansazRvrul socialur organi-

zacias. igi agreTve monawileobs samyaros Seqmnasa da pir-

veli adamianebis aRzrdaSi.

kulturuli gmiris klasikur moqmedebad iTvleba

cecxlis motaceba, rac amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Temaa.

samyaros SeqmnaSi monawileobisa da kulturuli sag-

nebis mopovebis garda kulturuli gmiris funqciaSi Sedis

stiqiur-qaotur ZalebTan brZolac.

Crdiloamerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi kulturuli

gmiris funqcias yorani da koioti asruleben.

70

indielTa zepir gadmocemebSi yorani da koioti SeiZ-

leba sxvadasxva funqciiT Segvxvdes. isini SeiZleba iyvnen

pirvelwinaprebi, Samanebic da triqsterebic.

tradiciuli rwmena-warmodgeniT, indielebi yoransa

da koiots aRiqvamen rogorc mediatorebs urTierTsapiris-

piro sknelebs Soris. klod levi-strosma yuradReba gaa-

maxvila maT „Sualedurobaze“. yorani leSismWameli arsebaa

mtacebel frinvelTa klasidan, koiotic leSismWamelia,

oRond mtacebel ZuZumwovarTa klasidan. saboloo jamSi,

isini sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris dganan.

CrdiloeTis indielTa zepiri gadmocemebiT, yoranTan

da koiotTan dakavSirebulia civilizaciisTvis aucilebeli

sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Seqmna: sasmeli wylisa da cec-

xlis mopoveba, meurneobis ganviTareba, sakvebis momzadeba

da sxv. teqstSi „rogor mieSvela yorani Zvel xalxs“ ase-

Ti ambavia moTxrobili.

„ZvelisZvelad, uxsovar dros, samyaros dasawyisSi lega

arwivi inaxavda mzes, mTvares, varskvlavebs, sasmel wyalsa da

cecxls. lega arwivs adamianebi ar uyvarda da yvelafers uma-

lavda. adamianebi wyvdiadSi cxovrobdnen, cecxli ara hqondaT

da sasmeli wyali.

lega arwivs erTi lamazi qali hyavda. es qali yorans Se-

uyvarda. yorani maSin lamazi Wabuki iyo. TeTrbumbulgadapenti-

li frinveli moevlina qals da imasac gulSi Cauvarda. man yo-

rani mamis saxl-karSi miiwvia.

yoranma rom dainaxa arwivis sadgomis kedlebze mze, mTva-

re, varskvlavebi da sasmeli wyali ekida, mixvda, rac unda eqna...

dro ixelTa, yvelaferi Camoxsna kedlidan, muguzalic zed daa-

mata da sakvamuridan gamofrinda.

rogorc ki gareT daigula Tavi, mze caze Camohkida. ise

ganaTda, okeanis Soreul kunZulzec SeeZlo gadafrena. mze rom

Cavida, mTvare Camohkida da irgvliv mTel caze varskvlavebi

dasxa. TviTon ki mofrinavda da Tan mohqonda sasmeli wyali da

muguzali.

mofrinavda dedamiwaze. saWiro adgilamde rom moawia, is-

rola sasmeli wyali. gaCnda qveyanaze wyaroebi, tbebi. yoranma

gza ganagrZo, niskartiT muguzali eWira. bolavda muguzali. yo-

71

rans TeTri bumbuli sul gauSava. niskartic moetrusa, da iZu-

lebuli gaxda, muguzali gadaegdo. muguzali kldeze daeca da

cecxli qvaSi wavida, mas Semdeg qvas qvaze Tu gauxaxuneb, cec-

xli gamofrindeba.

muguzlis alisgan Setrusul yornis bumbuls siSave aRar

moscilebia, da, ai, amitomaa yorani axlac Savi.”

yorani Tavisi Samanuri Tvisebebis wyalobiT zeskneli-

sa da qvesknelis erTmaneTTan damakavSirebelia rogorc ze-

ciuri da xTonuri frinveli, caSi mfrinavi da miwaSi

mZromeli. igi mediatoria zafxulsa da zamTars Soris ro-

gorc aragadamfreni frinveli, Sualedia svelsa da

mSrals, xmeleTsa da zRvas, mtknarsa da mlaSe wyals, mam-

rsa da mdedrs Soris. sxvadasxva xalxTa miTebSi yorans

sxvadasxva cxoveli Seesabameba: wavi, oboba, kurdReli, me-

lia da sxv.

bevr enaSi yornis saxelwodeba an mis Sav fers ukav-

Sirdeba (baltiuri, slavuri, arabuli, Cinuri) an mis Cxa-

vils bgerebis mibaZviT (romanuli, germanikuli, kelturi,

ungruli, paleoaziuri, actekuri). Savi feri demonurisa

da xTonuris niSania, xolo Cxavili – cudi ambis momaswa-

vebeli.

yornis eposi gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia alaskaze.

miTologiuri gadmocemebi koiotis Sesaxeb erTdrou-

lad asaxavs rogorc totemistur, ise kosmogoniur da an-

Tropogoniur warmodgenebs.

gadmocemaSi „rogor exmareboda koioti xalxs“ koio-

ti totemur winaprad aris warmodgenili, romelsac civi-

lizacia Semoaqvs sazogadoebaSi. koioti ebrZvis borot

sulebs, Tevzaobas da sakvebis momzadebas aswavlis xalxs,

adgens nadirobisa da Tevzaobis wesebs, mdinareze CanCqers

aCens, zamTris yinvebs spobs, Tesavs xilsa da marcvleuls,

akeTebs Sromis iaraRebs (dana, najaxi), wylis transports

(kanoes), saomar iaraRs da aswavlis mis moxmarebas.

72

dedededemomomomonunununuriririri TqTqTqTqmumumumulelelelebebebebebibibibi

demonuri warmodgenebi ukavSirdeba ganzogadebul

rwmenas ganusazRvrel da uformo RvTaebriv Zalaze, rome-

lic marTavs adamianis bedisweras. sxvadasxva xalxTa miTo-

logiur sistemebSi demonuri arsebebi warmoadgenen perso-

naJebs, romlebic ar arian RmerTebi da ierarqiulad maTze

dabal safexurze dganan.

demonuri Tqmulebebi tropikuli tyeebis indielTa

folklorisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. mdinare orinokosa

da mdinare amazonis vrcel junglebSi, romelsac agreTve

gvianas mTiani regionebic miekuTvneba, bevri tomi cxov-

robs, romelTac gansxvavebuli religia aqvT. amis miuxeda-

vad, maT rwmena-warmodgenebsa da wes-CveulebebSi bevri ram

saerToa.

samxreT amerikis indielTa cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan

rols TamaSobda warmodgena sulis Sesaxeb.

aRmosavleT ekvadoris Jivaros tomi erTmaneTisgan ga-

nasxvavebda `Cveulebriv”, `srulyofil” da `SurismaZiebel”

suls.

Cveulebrivi suli mokvdavi sxeulis atributia;

srulyofili suli mxolod uxilavi samyaros xilvis Sem-

deg miiRweva. srulyofilma sulma unda gandevnos adamianis

sxeulis sisxlis wyurvili. is sxva suls miiRebs, Tu

mters moklavs; rogorc ori srulyofili sulis mflobe-

li, momavalSi is dauZleveli iqneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom

mas orze meti sulis qona ar SeuZlia, unari Seswevs, Se-

iTvisos sxva sulebSi arsebuli Zala.

SurismaZiebeli suli is sulia, romelsac Tavis

mkvlelze SurisZieba surs. am mizeziT Jivaros tomis in-

dielebi Tavisi mtris Tavis qalas axmobdnen. maT swamdaT,

rom SurismaZiebeli suli danakecebul Tavis qalaSi xafan-

giviT moqceuli iqneboda.

warmodgenebi demonuri sulebis Sesaxeb dResac arse-

bobs samxreT amerikis mosaxleobaSi. garda folklorisa,

es rwmena-warmodgenebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia,

73

rac asaxvas poulobs samxreT amerikis Tanamedrove kul-

turaSi, mwerlobasa da tele-kinoxelovnebaSi.

SaSaSaSamamamamaniznizniznizmimimimi

mirCa eliades ganmartebiT, Samanizmi ar aris religia,

aramed eqstazuri da Terapiuli meTodebis erTianoba, ro-

melsac erTi mizani aqvs _ daamyaros kontaqti sxva para-

lelurad arsebul, magram uxilav sulTa samyarosTan, ra-

Ta maTi daxmarebiT adamiani gankurnos.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Samanizmi praqtikulad yvela

kontinentis religiebSi da kulturul sivrceebSi das-

turdeba, centraluri da CrdiloeTi azia mis samSoblod

miiCneva.

Samanizmi klasikuri formiT amerikis indielTa Soris

eskimosebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. maT saqmianobas Ziri-

Tadad Tevzaoba da nadiroba warmoadgens, amitom msxver-

plSewirva daxocili cxovelebiT xdeba.

amerikis CrCrCrCrdidididilolololo----aRaRaRaRmomomomosavsavsavsavleTleTleTleTSiSiSiSi mcxovreb indielebs

swamT yovlismomcveli Zalisa, romelsac algonkinis xal-

xebi „manitus“, huronebi „likis“ da irokezebi „orendas“

uwodeben. es Zala, keTili Tu boroti, gansxeuldeba su-

lier sagnebsa da nivTebSi. is kavSirs amyarebs sulebsa da

adamianebs Soris. CrdiloeT sanapiros xalxebis ritualu-

ri cxovreba mdidaria msxverplSewirvisa da gamosyidvis

ceremoniebiT, agreTve gadasvlis ritualebi, romlisTvisac

gareuli cxovelebi da sakvebi mcenareebi gamoiyeneba. cxa-

dia, arseboben calkeuli personaluri sulebi, romelTa

gamowveva Samanurad gansazRvruli ritualiT aris SesaZle-

beli. magiuri Selocvebi, niRbebi da sxva „Zliermoqmedi“

sagnebi gansakuTrebuli kultis sferoSi Sedis.

pppprererereririririeeeebibibibis s s s inininindidididieeeelelelelebibibibissss kulturaSi Samanebi da eqimbaSe-

bi mniSvnelovan rols asruleben. isini kastas qmnian. erTi

uxucesTagani ritual „hakos“ xelmZRvanelobs, romelSic

simbolurad ikvreba TaobaTa Soris kavSiri. eqimbaSi (Sav-

74

fexa tomis indielebSi igi qalia) mzis cekvas asrulebs.

mzis cekvis dros mamrobiTi sqesis wevrebi fizikur gvemas

ganicdian, rom umaRles suls miuaxlovdnen.

CrCrCrCrdidididilolololo----dadadadasavsavsavsavleleleleTiTiTiTis s s s inininindidididieeeeleblebleblebSiSiSiSi Samanoba iSviaTad ga-

dadioda memkvidreobiT. am regionSi yvelgan aris gavrce-

lebuli es instituti. Samans SeeZlo jadoqaric yofili-

yo. sazogadoebis danarCeni wevrebisTvis ki jadoqroba ak-

rZaluli iyo da sikvdiliT isjeboda.

umniSvnelovanesi ceremoniebi am regionSi eqstazuri

cekvebia, romlebic zamTris ganmavlobaSi sruldeboda.

kakakakalilililiforforforforninininieeeelililili inininindidididieeeelelelelebibibibissss religiac icnobs Samanizmis

instituts. maT rwmena-warmodgenebSi mniSvnelovania xilve-

bi da gamocxadebebi. kaliforniis indielebs aqvT kurTxe-

vis ritualebi, pubertetis ceremoniebi (gansakuTrebiT go-

gonebisTvis) da saunis kultebi, romelSic kaci Tavis uw-

mindurebas Camoirecxavs. kaliforniis indielTa rituale-

bisTvis damaxasiaTebelia fsiqotropuli sasmelis, toloa-

Ces eqstratis gamoyeneba. am toqsikur mcenares evropaSic

iyenebdnen jadoqrebi. zogierT adgilebSi toloaCes kulti

elitaruli iyo. is gza iyo xilvebisa da sulebis samya-

rosken. toloaCe mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda sxva sazo-

gadoebriv ceremoniebSic, magaliTad, dakrZalvis ritualeb-

Si.

amerikis indielTa rwmena-warmodgenebSi samyaro suli-

eri derefania TiToeuli adamianisTvis. m. eliades sityviT,

ar arsebobs sazRvari, sadac Sewydeba “profanulad” fiqri

da daiwyeba `religiuri” azrovneba, sakraluri da profa-

nuli erTmaneTs mudam gadakveTen, isini erT enaze lapara-

koben da urTierTTanxmobiT acxadeben erTsa da imave WeS-

maritebas.


• ra funqciebi aqvs kulturul gmirs?

• ra saxis gadmocemebs aerTianeben „demonologiur

TqmulebebSi“?

• ra aris Samanis daniSnuleba?

75


• waikiTxeT gadmocemebi „legenda maniokze“, „wiTeli

ciyvi“, „taina-kani saRamos varskvlavi“, „rogor moi-

pares adamianebma cecxli“, „koioti da arwivi gar-

dacvlilTa qveyanaSi“, „Svidi eSmakis mTebi“, „koio-

ti da urCxuli mdinare kolumbiidan“, „rogor exma-

reboda koioti xalxs“, „rogor daexmara taiini ada-

mianebs“, „mTis yvavili“, ìStlaksiuatlisa da popo-

katepetlis vulkanebis legenda“ da h. longfelos

„yanebis kurTxevis dResaswauli“.

• daajgufeT es teqstebi Semdegi kategoriebis mixed-

viT – totemuri miTebi, kosmogoniuri miTebi, an-

Tropogoniuri miTebi, miTebi kulturul gmirze.

Tqveni azriT, SeiZleba Tu ara, erTi da igive teq-

sti sxvadasxva kategoriebisTvis damaxasiaTebel niS-

nebs atarebdes?

• romeli personaJebi atareben kulturuli gmiris

Tvisebebs? CamoTvaleT maTi zebunebrivi Tvisebebi.

• SeadgineT cxrili, romelSic daajgufebT kultu-

rul gmirebs amerikis indielTa gadmocemebidan.

• waikiTxeT gadmocema „Samani maxanakolo”. raSi gamoi-

xateba Samanuri codna?





76

IX Tavi

samyaros xe amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi

samyaros xis vertikaluri dayofa. samyaros

xis horizontaluri dayofa. ricxvTa simbo-

lika. samyaros ganlageba nauas da keCuas mi-

TologiaSi.

arsebobs miTologemebi, romlebic TiTqmis yvela xal-

xis miTologiur sistemaSi moipoveba. erT-erTi maTgania

samyaros xe (laT. arbor mundi). brinjaos xanidan moyole-

buli dRevandlamde samyaros xe gvxvdeba evropisa da azi-

is, cimbiris, afrikis, avstraliisa da okeaniis xalxTa

tradiciebSi, maT Soris amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi.

samyaros xis meSveobiT da masTan asocirebuli saxee-

biT – „samyaros RerZi“, „samyaros boZi“, „samyaros mTa“,

taZari, triumfaluri TaRi, kolona, obeliski, taxti, ki-

be, jvari, jaWvi – mTliandeba urTierTdapirispirebuli

sivrceebi: ca da qveskneli.

samyaros xe maias miTologiaSi

77

samyaros xis simboluri gamoxatva gvxvdeba rogorc

rwmena-warmodgenebSi, ise sxvadasxva Janris sityvier teq-

stebSi, ritualur qmedebebSi, saxviTi xelovnebis ZeglebSi

(ferwera, ornamenti, skulptura, naqargoba), arqiteqtu-

rul nagebobebSi.

samyaros xe dgas samyaros sakralur centrSi da ika-

vebs vertikalur mdgomareobas.

xSirad samyaros xeSi xazgasmulia romelime konkre-

tuli funqcia: „sicocxlis xe“, „nayofierebis xe“, „Suagu-

lis xe“, „aRmasvlis xe“, „ciuri xe“, „Samanis xe“, „misti-

kuri xe“, „xe cnobadisa“ da sxva.

ssssamamamamyayayayarorororos xis vs xis vs xis vs xis verererertitititikakakakalulululuriririri dadadadayoyoyoyofafafafa

samyaros xis danawevrebisaas gamoiyofa sami nawili:

• qveda (fesvebi),

• Sua (Rero)

• zeda (totebi).

samyaros xis meSveobiT gamoixateba samyaros ZiriTadi

zonebi:

• sivrcobrivi sfero: zeda (zeskneli), Sua (mi-

wa), qveda (qveskneli);

• droiTi sfero: warsuli – awmyo – momavali

(dRe da Rame, wlis sasikeTo da arasasikeTo

dro); genealogiur WrilSi winaprebi – axali

Taoba – STamomavloba;

• etiologiuri sfero: sasikeTo, neitraluri da

arasasurveli mizezi da Sedegi;

• anatomiuri sfero: sxeulis sami nawili – Tavi,

tani, fexebi;

• elementTa sfero: stiqiis sami saxe – cecxli,

miwa, wyali.

samyaros xis samnawilianoba vertikalSi xazgasmulia

TiToeuli nawilisadmi cxovelTa garkveuli klasis mikuT-

vnebiT:

78

• samyaros xis zeda nawilTan (totebi) dakavSi-

rebulia frinvelebi.

• samyaros xis Sua nawilTan gamosaxulia Cli-

qosnebi (irmebi, cxenirmebi, Zroxebi, cxenebi, an-

tilopebi da misT.).

• samyaros xis qveda nawilTan (fesvebi) binadro-

ben gvelebi, bayayebi, Tagvebi, Taxvebi, wavebi,

Tevzebi, zogjer daTvi an xTonuri tipis fan-

tastikuri urCxuli.

ssssamamamamyayayayarorororos xis s xis s xis s xis hohohohoririririzozozozonnnntatatatalulululuriririri dadadadayoyoyoyofafafafa

samyaros xis horizontaluri sibrtye ganisazRvreba

ori koordinatiT – marcxnidan marjvniv da winidan ukan.

gverdebze an kuTxeebSi SeiZleba iyos centrSi mdgar samya-

ros xis urTierTSesabamisi sxva xeebi an miTologiuri

personaJebi, qarebi, RmerTebi. samyaros horizontaluri da-

yofa gansakuTrebiT xelSesaxebad Cans actekTa miTologia-

Si. swored es sqema udevs safuZvlad actekTa arqiteqtu-

rul sakulto nagebobebs.

samyaros xe actekur miTologiaSi

79

samyaros xis horizontaluri struqtura ara marto

ricxviTi mimarTebebisa da qveynierebis mxareebis modelire-

bas axdens, aramed weliwadis droebis (gazafxuli, zafxu-

li, Semodgoma, zamTari), dRe-Ramis nawilebis (dila, Suad-

Re, saRamo, Rame), ferebisa da samyaros elementebis.

horizontaluri struqtura saSualebas iZleva, gan-

vasxvavoT “civilizebuli” (kulturasTan dakavSirebuli)

da “auTvisebeli” (bunebasTan dakavSirebuli). samyaros xe

gamoyofs kosmiur samyaros qaosurisgan.

rrrricicicicxvTaxvTaxvTaxvTa ssssimimimimbobobobolilililikakakaka

samyaros xis sqema Seicavs im miTopoetur ricxviT

mniSvnelobaTa nakrebs, romelic kosmoss awesrigebs.

sasasasamimimimi warmoadgens saxes absoluturi srulyofilebisa

da nebismieri dinamikuri procesisa, romelic gulisxmobs

warmoSobas, ganviTarebasa da dasasruls. sami SeiZleba

iyos: vertikalis mixedviT danawileba, RmerTebis triadebi,

zRapris sami gmiri, sami umaRlesi Rirebuleba, sami socia-

luri jgufi, sami cda, nebismieri procesis sami etapi da

misT.

oToToToTxixixixi warmoadgens statikuri mTlianobis ideas. oTxad

SeiZleba iyos ganawilebuli sivrce, RmerTTa oTxeulebi,

qveynierebis oTxi mxare, ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, wlis

droebi da misT.

SSSSvivivivididididi aris wina ori ricxvis jami da qveynierebis

statikuri da dinamikuri aspeqtebis sinTezis saxe: samya-

ros Svidnawiliani struqtura, samyaros Svidi toti, Sama-

nuri xeebis Svidi toti, Svidwevriani panTeonebi da sxva.

samyaros xis gansakuTrebuli roli miTologiaSi gani-

sazRvreba imiT, rom is Sualeduri rgolia samyaros (mak-

rokosmoss) da adamians (mikrokosmoss) Soris da warmoad-

gens maTi gadakveTis adgils. samyaros xis saxe aCvenebs,

80

Tu Tu rogor gansazRvravs adamiani Tavis adgils samyaro-

Si.

kacobriobis kulturul ganviTarebaSi samyaros xis

koncefciam Tavisi kvali datova religiur da miTologiur

warmodgenebSi, romlebic gamovlinda enaSi, zepirsityvier

teqstebSi, saxviT xelovnebaSi, arqiteqturaSi, dasaxlebaTa

dagegmarebaSi, ritualebSi, TamaSebSi, qoreografiaSi, soci-

alur da ekonomikur struqturebSi da adamianis fsiqikis

zogierT TaviseburebebSic – bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis

garkveul etapze xis saxe dominirebs bavSvebis mier Seq-

mnil naxatebSi.

ssssamamamamyayayayarorororos gs gs gs gananananlalalalagegegegebabababa nanananauuuuasasasas da da da da kekekekeCuCuCuCuasasasas mimimimiToToToTolololologigigigiaaaaSiSiSiSi

nauas tomi CrdiloeTidan movida centralur amerika-

Si Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi. maT Tavdapirvel panTe-

onSi winaparTa kultze ufro metad nadirobis RvTaebebs

scemdnen Tayvans. isini mWidrod ukavSirdebodnen ciur mna-

Tobebs. naua mTel samyaros aRiqvamda rogorc cameti cisa

da cxra qvesknelisgan Sedgenils (iseve rogorc maia).

1) mTvaris ca

2) varskvlavebis ca

3) mzis ca

4) veneras ca

5) kometebis ca

6) Savi an mwvane (Ramis) ca

7) cisferi (dRis) ca

8) qarebis ca

9) TeTri ca

10) yviTeli ca

11) wiTeli ca

meTormete da mecamete ca hermafroditi RvTaebis sam-

yofeli iyo.

nauas miTologiaSi samyaros istoria gansazRvrul

ciklebad Tu periodebad mimdinareobda, romlebic erTma-

81

neTs cvlidnen. TiToeul cikls Tavisi mmarTveli – rome-

lime RvTaeba hyavda da mTavrdeboda samyaros katastro-

fiT: xanZriT, warRvniT, miwisZvriT da sxva.

taZris safexurebi. iukatani

(igal mendikutis foto, 2010)

keCuas warmodgeniT, dedamiwa mudam arsebobda. kosmo-

goniuri miTebis Tanaxmad mTeli samyaro erTianad iyo aR-

qmuli, romelic samad iyofoda: zeskneli, sadac ciuri

RvTaebebi cxovrobdnen, Suaskneli – dedamiwis zedapiri da

qveskneli – xTonur arsebaTa samyofeli.

am sam samyaros erTmaneTTan akavSirebs ori uzarmaza-

ri gveli. roca qvesknelSi arian, wyalSi wvanan. roca de-

damiwaze amodian, erTi vertikalurad moZraobs da miwidan

cisken asuli xis saxes iRebs, meore ki mdinared iqceva.

zesknelSi erTi gveli cisartyelad gardaiqmneba, meore –

elvad.

82

qvesknelSi bneli Zalebi cxovroben. imavdroulad

qveskneli adamianis warmoSobasTanac aris kavSirSi. miTebis

didi umravlesoba mogviTxrobs, rom adamianebi dedamiwis –

paCamamas wiaRidan wamovidnen tbebis, mdinareebisa da wya-

roebis gavliT.


• samyaros xis ra da ra variantebi arsebobs?

• rogori sagnebi asocirdeba samyaros xesTan?

• rogor iyofa samyaros xe vertikalurad?

• rogor iyofa samyaro horizontalurad?

• ra aris samyaros xis ZiriTadi idea?




• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi: “Tsu ga-

momcemloba”, 2006.


• Мифы народов мира, I. Pед. C. A. Токарев. Москва:

«Советская Энциклопедия», 1991. gv. 398-405.

83

X Tavi

samyaros gaazreba maias miTologiaSi

samyaros dayofa. arqiteqtonuri sivrce. pe-

lotas TamaSi.

ssssamamamamyayayayarorororos s s s dadadadayoyoyoyofafafafa

dro da sivrce, e. kasireris ganmartebiT, is erTiano-

baa, romelTanac dakavSirebulia mTeli sinamdvile. miTosu-

ri azrovnebisTvis sivrce da dro ar niSnavs mxolod

formebs, isini saidumlo Zalebs warmoadgenen, romlebic

ara marto mokvdavTa cxovrebas ganageben, aramed RmerTebis

sicocxlesac gansazRvraven.

maias miTologiuri warmodgenebis mixedviT, samyaro

samad aris dayofili: miwier, ciur da miwisqveSa nawile-

bad.

pirveli – miwa warmodgenilia kvadratulad: Sedgeba

oTxi seqtorisgan, TiToeuls Seesabameba sakuTari simbo-

luri feri (Savi, TeTri, wiTeli da yviTeli) da xe RvTa-

ebrivi frinveliT, romelsac kavSiri aqvs cis RvTaebebTan,

lobiosa da simindis konkretul jiSebTan.

miwa qmnis safuZvels cisTvis, romelic oTxkuTxa pi-

ramidad aris warmodgenili.

piramida Sedgeba cameti safexurisgan, romlebic Tan-

daTan pataravdeba. TiToeuli safexuri TiTo RvTaebas See-

sabameba. saTaveSi umaRlesi RvTaeba dgas. ciuri piramidis

sapirispiroa samyaroa miwisqveSeTi, romelic miwis safuZ-

vels qmnis da qvemoT viTardeba: mas cxra sivrce aqvs. sa-

TaveSi gardacvlilTa RvTaeba dgas. centraluri xe, “didi

deda ceiba” (tropikuli giganturi xe) yvela kosmiur

elementSi gadadis, Tavad ki SemaerTebel elements warmo-

adgens.

samyaros am agebulebis umTavresi wertili mzea, ro-

melic droisa da sivrcis momawesrigebelia.

84

savaraudoa, rom oTxnawiliani struqtura ciuri sxe-

ulebis moZraobas ukavSirdeba. arsebobs mzis “oTxi sax-

li”, romlebic im oTx adgils Seesabamebian, romlebSic

mze Cerdeba zamTrisa da zafxulis buniobis dros. mexuTe

saxli aris centri – zeniti, piramidis wveri. amis sapi-

rispiro centri ki miwis qveS aris.

cis oTxi mxare maias miTologiaSi

ricxvi oTxi maias kosmologiaSi xSirad gvxvdeba da

zogierT naxatze simbolurad aris warmodgenili: mze aris

oTxfurclovani yvavili, romelic cis oTx mxares ganasa-

xierebs. sivrcis oTxad ganawileba dakavSirebulia dedami-

wis RerZis Sesaxeb warmodgenasTan. RerZs ganasaxierebs xe,

romelic sam samyaroSia ganawilebuli. misgan gansxvavebiT,

danarCeni xeebi ar arian centralur poziciaSi da sxva

Tvisebebi aqvT: isini aRmarTuli arian zeda samyarosken da

qveda samyaroSi dganan. piramidis agebuleba masTan dakavSi-

rebuli simbolikis demonstrirebaa. safexurebi Seesabamebi-

an gradaciul aRmarTs (zecisken) an daRmarTs (miwisqveSe-

85

Tisken). mravalferovnebis (miwieris) gadasvla xdeba erTi-

anobaSi.

ararararqiqiqiqiteqteqteqteqtotototonunununuriririri ssssivivivivrcercercerce

maias warmodgenebSi qalaqi moazrebulia rogorc wmin-

da sivrce da masSi asaxulia samyaros struqtura.

religiuri ceremoniebis Casatarebeli adgilebi miwa-

zea ganlagebuli, piramidebi ki sxva kosmiur sivrceebs ga-

mosaxaven. taZrebi mzis saxlebis msgavsad aris agebuli.

isini safexurebad aris dayofili, adre maT Sesasvlels

qurumebi icavdnen, raTa xazi gaesvaT im siSorisTvis, rome-

lic adamianursa da RvTabrivs Soris arsebobda. qurumi

simbolurad am sazRvris gadamlaxavi iyo.

piramidebi kosmiuri simbolikis magaliTebs warmoadge-

nen. cametsafexuriani piramidis wveroze zis drakoni it-

cama, rac cisa da wminda mTis struqturas asaxavs. imave

qalaqSi meore taZars cxra safexuri aqvs. isini asaxaven

miwisqveSeTs da gardacvlilTa samefoSi Casasvlels.

pelotas saTamaSo moedani ciuri sxeulebis kosmiur

dialeqtikas gadmoscems. zogierT qalaqSi didi TaRovani

konstruqciebi dgas. aqedan iwyeba ori sacxovrebeli cen-

tris gamaerTianebeli quCa. mecnierebi varaudoben, rom es,

SesaZlebelia, piligrimTa gza yofiliyo. es gza amave dros

asaxavs irmis naxtoms da drakonis sxeulis Semadgeneli

nawilia. rkali or samyaros aerTianebs.

maias RvTaebebs mcenareTa da cxovelTa forma aqvT.

gveli pirdapir kavSirSia RvTaebebTan, radgan mudam maT

gverdiT aris gamosaxuli. igi frinvelTanac aris dakavSi-

rebuli da amitom drakonis saxes iRebs. gveli asaxavs mi-

was, frinveli kecali ki cas. did drakons aqvs sxvadasxva

cxovelis elementebic: irmis (miwasTan kavSiri), iaguaris

(miwisqveSa samyarosTan kavSiri), aligatorisa da niangis

(wylis stiqiasTan kavSiri). cis drakoni kosmosis sxvadas-

xva komponentebis erTianobas da harmonias ganasaxierebs.

86

cis drakoni xSirad bumbuliT Semosil orTavian arsebad

aris wamodgenili.

`TeTri gza” taZrisken. iukatani.

(igal mendikutis foto, 2010)

miTosuri azrovnebiT, adamiani Tavis Tavs ar aRiqvams

bunebaSi privilegirebulad. is organulad aris dakavSire-

buli masTan, rogorc sisxliT naTesavi.

adamiani Tayvans scems da maspinZlobs RmerTebs. amiT

is universumis centralur adgilze dgas rogorc axis

mundi – samyaros RerZi. adamiani gamosaxulia casa da sai-

qios Soris, jvris ZirSi, romelic kosmiur RerZis rols

asrulebs. adamiani ganicdis iniciacias, romelic maias xe-

lovnebaSi simbolurad gamoxatulia rogorc gamosvla gve-

lis an drakonis piridan. gveli – xTonuri arseba, rome-

lic gardacvlilTa samefos ukavSirdeba, am SemTxvevaSi

Tavisive sikvdilis simboloa. misi tyavis gamocvla ki xe-

laxla dabadebaze mianiSnebs.

87

ssssimimimimbobobobololololo da da da da riririritutututuaaaalililili: : : : pepepepelolololotatatatas s s s TaTaTaTamamamamaSiSiSiSi

maias qalaqebSi burTis saritualo TamaSs – pelotas,

religiuri funqcia hqonda.

saTamaSo moednis ori mxare ganasaxierebs cis mnaTobe-

bisa da Ramis orTabrZolas. is agreTve Tanavarskvlavede-

bis TamaSia. TamaSi imisTvis tardeba, rom kosmiuri wesri-

gi mudam daculi iyos.

TamaSis dros ritualurad TamaSdeboda Tavis mokveTa.

amis erT-erTi damadasturebelia is, rom, pelotas forma

adamianis Tavis formas Seesabameba.

Tu rogor aisaxeba dro da sivrce adamianur gamocdi-

lebaSi, amas filosofiuri anTropologia swavlobs. droi-

sa da sivrcis aRqma yvela kulturaSi erTnairi ar aris,

magram erTi ram msoflios yvela xalxTa miTologiuri

sistemebisTvis saerToa: samyaros geometriuli dayofiT

adamiani Tavis adgils poulobs da sistemur kosmiur wes-

rigs qmnis.


• rogor iyofa samyaro horizontalurad maias

warmodgenebSi?

• rogor iyofa samyaro vertikalurad maias war-

modgenebSi?


• kasireri, e.: ra aris adamiani: cda adamianuri kul-

turis filosofiis agebisa. germanulidan Targmna l.

ramiSvilma. Tbilisi: „ganaTleba“, 1983.

• Spineto, N.: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos

Verlag, 2003. gv. 198-205.

88

XI Tavi

samyaros gaazreba actekTa miTologiaSi

dedaqalaqi teotihuakani. wminda sivrceebi da samyaros agebuleba. kos-

miuri wesrigi actekTa warmodgenebSi.

dededededadadadaqaqaqaqalalalalaqiqiqiqi teteteteooootitititihuhuhuhuaaaakakakakanininini

taZars, qalaqsa da kosmoss Soris simboluri kavSiri

arsebobs: taZari da qalaqi gaazrebulia rogorc kosmosis

suraTi, romelic adamianis xeliT aris Seqmnili.

amis naTeli magaliTia actekebis qalaq teotihuakanSi

(„RmerTebis samyofeli“) wyaros gverdiT gamoqvabulSi

mowyobili oTaxebi. oTaxebs oTxfurcliani foTlis forma

aqvT, aSenebis drosac oTxad iyo dayofili da centrire-

buli.

oTxi mxris foTlovani gamosaxuleba tenoCtitlanis taZarSi

amgvarive ganawilebas vxvdebiT miwis zeviT naSeneb qa-

laqebSi, romlebSic oTxi mTavari quCa erTmaneTs gadakveTs

da qalaqs oTx ubnad hyofs.

centraluri gadakveTis adgilas kecalkoatlis taZa-

ri mdebareobs. is 365 TaviT aris Semkobili – kecalkoat-

89

lisa da tlalokis – wvimis da miwaTmoqmedebis RmerTis

TavebiT) da simbolurad weliwadis dReebs aRniSnaven.

Senobis garSemo Tormeti patara piramida dgas. mTeli

es kompleqsi astronomiulad zustad aris mowyobili. mzi-

sa da mTvaris piramidebic kosmiur mTas ganasaxiereben. qa-

laqs da maT monumentebs is struqtura aqvT, romelic sa-

fuZvlad udevs universumis dro-sivrcul wesrigs.

wmwmwmwminininindadadada ssssivivivivrcercercerceeeeebibibibi da sda sda sda samamamamyayayayarorororos as as as agegegegebubububulelelelebabababa

actekebi samyaros kvadratulad xedaven, romelic Sig-

nidan oTx regionad iyofa: CrdiloeTi – sibnelis qveyana,

romelic qvesknelis RmerTis samefoa; samxreTi – xmeleTi,

simSrale; aRmosavleTi – adgili, sadac keTildReoba su-

fevs; dasavleTi – adgili, sadac qalRvTaebebi cxovroben.

kvadratis centrSi aris cecxli.

miwis zeviT, romelic wyalzea daSenebuli, 13 sivrci-

ani ciuri samyaroa. TiToeul sivrces sakuTari feri, saxe-

li da Tviseba aqvs.

miwis qveS aris cxra nawilad dayofili qveskneli,

romelSic gardacvlili TandaTanobiT qvemoT miemarTeba.

dedamiwis oTxive kuTxeSi dgas xe. maT ca uWiravT da

imavdroulad warmoadgenen mediums casa da miwas Soris.

maTi meSveobiT sxvadasxva samyaroSi gadaadgileba SeiZleba.

zogierT miTologiur gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia erT did

centralur xeze, romelsac fesvebi qvesknelSi aqvs gad-

gmuli, tani SuasknelSi, totebi ki zesknelSi.

rwmena-warmodgena qalaqze rogorc kosmiur centrze

dafiqsirebulia tenoCtitlanis (qalaqi, romelic “cis

fundamentia”) aRweraSi.

90

kkkkososososmimimimiuuuuriririri wwwwesesesesririririgigigigi acacacactektektektekTaTaTaTa wwwwararararmodmodmodmodgegegegenebnebnebnebSiSiSiSi

sityva téotl-i, romelic espanelebma „RmerTad“, „wmin-

danad“, „demonad“ Targmnes, actekebisTvis sakraluri mniS-

vnelobis mqonea da sxvadasxvagvar konteqstSi gvxvdeba: is

SeiZleba exebodes bunebis movlenas an sagans (elva, quxi-

li, xe, mTa), adamians, saidumlo adgils, qaotur sivrces.

actekuri kosmosi xasiaTdeba am sakralur ZalTa ga-

moxatulebis erTianobiT. ase rom, actekuri simbolos ga-

azrebas zebunebrivi arsebebisa da maTi gacxadebis formebis

Seswavlamde mivyavarT.

actekebi iseve, rogorc sxva kulturebi centralur

amerikaSi, cas xedaven rogorc ucvlel elements, romelic

Sors aris yovelgvari adamianurisgan. is sxvadasxvagvarad

aisaxeba: rogorc horizontaluri feradi zolebi, rogorc

saxuravis an gvelis formis urCxuli. is aris mzisa da

mTvaris RmerTebis sauflo. mzes actekebi ukavSireben ar-

wivs, iaguars da mgels. mze gamoxatulia rogorc moelva-

re disko.

mTvare gamosaxulia, rogorc wyliT savse fiala sa-

lesaviT, kurdRliT da zRvis niJariT.

qarebi gansxvavebul Tvisebebs atareben. isini sxvadas-

xva mxares daqrian da an negatiur Zalas warmoadgenen, an

pozitiurs. Tu, erTi mxriv, zianis miyeneba SeuZliaT, meo-

re mxriv macocxlebeli Zalac aqvT. actekebis tradiciiT,

swored qarma aamoZrava mze.

wyals simbolurad ukavSirdeba Ria mwvane qvebi da ke-

calis mwvane bumbulebi. qalRmerTi CalCiuitlikue, rome-

lic aseve mTvares ukavSirdeba, ganasaxierebs wylis stiqi-

as da amitom gamoisaxeba nefritis samkaulebiT morTuli

kabiT. radgan wyali ganwmendis ritualis nawilia, is ukav-

Sirdeba rogorc sicocxles, ise sikvdils. tlaloki wvi-

mis wyals aZlevs qarebs, romlebic qveynis oTx mxares

cxovroben da jvris simbolosac warmoadgenen.

roca qarebi adamianuri saxiT gamoisaxebian, xelSi ia-

raRi da mSvildebi uWiravT – elvis simbolo. kidev erTi

91

stiqiuri elementia cecxli. cecxlis RmerTia Siutekut-

li. masTan kavSirSia wiwaka – mamakacuri energiis simbolo.

Siutekutli wyalsac ukavSirdeba, ramdenadac mas eqvemde-

bareba. wyalsac da cecxlsac ganmwmendi Zala aqvT.

tlaloki – wvimis RmerTi

actekebis warmodgeniT, samyaro moZraobaSi mohyavs

oTx mzes, romlebic „Semqmneli“ RvTaebebi arian. TiToeu-

li mze „qmnis“ samyaros da mere kvdeba. es oTxperiodiani

cikli oTx stiqiaSi aris gansaxovnebuli: mzeebi Seesabame-

bian miwas, haers, cecxls da wyals. am elementebs cal-

calke kosmosis tareba ar SeuZliaT. mexuTe mze iqmneba

oTxive elementis erToblivi muSaobiT, romlebic centrs

dinamikuri wonasworobiT warmoqmnian. es ar niSnavs imas,

rom mexuTe periodi maradiulad gagrZeldeba, isic damTav-

rdeba giganturi miwisZvriT. sxvagvari gaazreba Semdegia:

roca kosmosis fizikuri komponentebi (wyali, cecxli, hae-

ri, miwa) dakargaven imis Zalas, rom samyaro amoZravon, di-

namikasa da formirebis process Seqmnis dro.

92

swored drois gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis gamo

mTel centralur amerikaSi gaCnda danawevrebuli da daxve-

wili kalendari, romelic amave dros mTlianad simbolu-

ria.


• rogor aris dayofili samyaro actekebis warmodge-

niT?

• SeadareT actekebisa da maias warmodgenebi samyaros

dayofis Sesaxeb.



• Spineto, N.: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos

Verlag, 2003. gv. 191-198.


1977, gv. 1118-1120.

93

XII Tavi

miTologiuri gadmocemebi samxreT amerikaSi

samxreT amerikis xalxTa folkloris Tavise-

bureba. afro-amerikuli folkloris kvlevis

istoriidan.

ssssamamamamxrexrexrexreT aT aT aT amemememeririririkikikikis xs xs xs xalalalalxTaxTaxTaxTa ffffololololklokloklokloriririris s s s TaTaTaTavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababa

samxreT amerikaSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva xalxTa sulie-

ri kultura (poezia, musika, saxviTi xelovneba da sxv.)

organuli sinTezia indieli, afrikeli da evropeli xalxe-

bis kulturuli Rirebulebebisa.

indielebis kulturaze didi gavlena iqonia qristia-

nulma religiam, xolo indielebisa da afrikelebis rwmena-

warmodgenebi evropelebma gaiTavises. es gansakuTrebiT sam-

xreT amerikul folklorSi gamovlinda, romlis dRevande-

li saxiT CamoyalibebaSi Semdegma samma faqtorma iTamaSa

gadamwyveti roli:

1) pirveli wyaro indielTa miTologiuri gadmoceme-

bia. im indielebma, romlebic Znelad misawvdom mxareebSi

cxovrobden, dRemde aqvT SenarCunebuli tradiciuli sazo-

gadoebrivi wyoba da wes-Cveulebebi. maTTvis miTebi da le-

gendebi cocxal istorias warmoadgens, romlebSic Tavmoy-

rilia mTeli maTi kanonebi da koleqtiuri gamocdileba.

maT dResaswaulebze dRemde sruldeba cekvebi, romlebic

maTi gmirebis Tavgadasavals gadmoscemen.

2) samxreTamerikuli folkloris masazrdoebeli meo-

re wyaro afrikel xalxTa folkloria, romelic gansakuT-

rebiT mdidaria transamde misuli simRerebiTa da cekvebiT.

3) mesame wyaro evropelebis mier Camotanili evropu-

li da aziuri warmoSobis zRapruli siuJetebia, romleb-

Sic zRapris gmirebi tropikuli garemos Sesabamisad axal

Tvisebebs iZenen.

94

brazilieli monebi

(Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

cxovelTa eposi samxreTamerikuli, gansakuTrebiT ki

braziliuri folkloris mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens. af-

rikuli zRaprebi cxovelebis Sesaxeb metad axlos dgas

braziliur adgilobriv cxovelTa zRaprebTan da umetes

SemTxvevaSi Znelia garCeva, Tu romeli siuJetia afrikuli

da romeli braziliuri. sainteresoa isic, rom TviT cxo-

velTa zRaprebSic xSirad qristianizmebi gvxvdeba – RvTis-

mSobeli, wmindanebi an moraluri principebi. asea, magali-

Tad, etiologiur gadmocemaSi qorisa da kus Sesaxeb:

„erTxel caSi yovladsaxieri qalwulis dResaswauli gai-

marTa. yvela suldgmuli miiwvies. zlazvnia kus ar SeeZlo im

simaRleze droulad misvla da qors Seexvewa, wamiyvaneo.

qori daTanxmda, ku zurgze Seisva da gaaqrola. magram maR-

la-maRla rom afrinda, avi saqme Caidina: sawyali ku qveviT Ca-

moagdo. ku pitalo kldes daenarcxa da aTas nawilad daimsxvra.

es rom yovladsaxierma gaigo, cidan CamobrZanda, mokriba nam-

sxvrevebi, Seakowiwa, kus sicocxle daubruna da daloca, xolo

Savi qori samudamod dawyevla.

im dRidan kus nakuw-nakuw miwebebuli bakani aqvs javSnad.

qori ki ubedurebas Tess garSemo. xeze Semojdeba da – xes

95

foTlebi dascviva, monadire Tofs daumiznebs da – Tofi xelSi

ufeTqdeba, mokvdeba qori da – Zexorcieli ar ekareba, WianWve-

lac gverds auvlis da ase upatronod dalpeba xolme“.

tropikuli tyis indielTa miTologiur warmodgenebSi

arsebiTia uxilavi samyaros arseboba, romelic mokvdavis-

Tvis miuwvdomelia. am samyaros Secnoba mxolod cnobiere-

bis Secvlil mdgomareobaSia SesaZlebeli: sizmarSi, tran-

sSi, narkotikis SesunTqviT gamowveuli xilvebis dros an-

da gansakuTrebuli varjiSis Sedegad SeZenili unariT. sxva

samyaros binadari arseba zogadad cxovelis saxes iRebs

(niangi, anakonda, iaguari an Zera), romlis zebunebriv Za-

las mxolod misnobaSi ganswavluli SeiZleba Cawvdes. mag-

ram yvelaferi uxilavad rCeba. braziliisa da venesuelas

sazRvarze ganasxvaveben dafaruli arsebebis sxvadasxva ka-

tegorias.

afafafafrorororo----aaaamemememeririririkukukukulililili ffffololololklokloklokloriririris kvs kvs kvs kvlelelelevivivivis s s s

isisisistotototoririririiiiidadadadannnn

amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da laTinuri amerikis

qveynebSi Sekrebili xalxuri gadmocemebis yvelaze didi da

mdidari korpusi Cawerilia Savkaniani mosaxleobisgan (ka-

ribis kunZulebze, samxreT amerikis dasavleT sanapiroebsa

da CrdiloeT amerikaSi mcxovreblebi).

sxvadasxva dros „Savkanianebad“ da „zangebad“, dRevan-

del dRes ki „afro-amerikelebad“ wodebuli xalxebi

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi inglisur koloniebSi monebad Ca-

moyvanili afrikelebis STamomavlebi arian. maTi folklo-

ri farTo sazogadoebisTvis 1880 wlidan gaxda cnobili,

roca jorjielma Jurnalistma j. harisma „biZia remusi, mi-

si simRerebi da naTqvamebi: Zveli plantaciebis folklo-

ri“ („Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayngs: the Folk-Lore of

96

the Old Plantation“) gamoaqveyna. harisma moTxrobebi uSua-

lod yofili monebisgan Caiwera da literaturulad daa-

muSava – ambebi erT CarCoSi moaqcia. moxuci mona, Zia re-

musi plantatoris patara TeTrkanian vaJs mxiarul isto-

riebs uambobda cxovelebze.

brazilieli monebi


Tanamedrove meTodebi afro-amerikuli xalxuri gadmo-

cemebis Segrovebisa da komentirebisaTvis SeimuSava elsi

klius parsonsma (Elsie Clews Parsons), romelmac 1917-1943

wlebSi saJurnalo statiebsa da krebulebSi asobiT auTen-

turi teqsti daafiqsira. parsonsi ZiriTadad vestindoeT-

Si, samxreT aRmosavleT sanapirosa da iqve ganlagebul

kunZulebze atarebda savele kvlevas. misi gamocemuli kre-

buli moicavs afro-amerikul xalxur gadmocemebs vestin-

doeTidan.

afro-amerikuli zepirsityvierebis ukve cnobili re-

pertuari gaizarda TviT afro-amerikuli warmoSobis fol-

kloristebis meSveobiT – zora nil harstonisa (Zora Neale

Hurston) da j. m. bruerisa (J. M. Brewer). maT bevri axali

zepiri gadmocema gamoaqveynes, magram maT mainc aklda adek-

vaturi sainformacio monacemebi da SedarebiTi SeniSvnebi.

97

afro-amerikuli miTologiuri gadmocemebis Sekrebisa

da gamokvlevis saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs

riCard m. dorsonis naSromebs „Negro Folktales in Michigan“

(1956) da „Negro Tales from Calvin, Michigan and Pine Pluff,

Arkansas“ (1958). miuxedavad imisa, rom dorsoni ZiriTadad

miCiganis CrdiloeTSi krebda masalas, mTxroblebi samxreT-

Si iyvnen dabadebuli da plantaciebSi arsebuli tradici-

ebs CrdiloeTSic atarebdnen. es krebulebi Seicaven sam-

xreTis Statebis afro-amerikelebis zepir gadmocemebs, mi-

Tebs, zRaprebs, anekdotebis msgavs moTxrobebs cxovelebsa

da frinvelebze, Savkanian da TeTrkanian xalxze, briyvebze,

crupentelebze, bibliur Temebze, sulebze, socialur pro-

testebze da sxva.

SesavalSi dorsoni aviTarebs Teorias, rom es zepiri

gadmocemebi amerikis miwaze afrikidan Semovida da kavSiri

hqonda sxvadasxva, gansakuTrebiT ki evropul wyarosTan.

garkveuli teqstebis analizi adasturebs, rom am afro-ame-

rikuli moTxrobebis tipebi evropaSic aris gavrcelebuli,

magaliTad, xalxuri moTxrobebi cxovelebis SiSze adamia-

nis mimarT, romlebic mTel evropaSia gavrcelebuli, afri-

kaSi ki jerjerobiT ar aris dadasturebuli. Tqmuleba

zRvis sirinozze mxolod dorsonis mier Sekrebil afro-

amerikul teqstebSi gvxvdeba da ara afrikaSi. didi raode-

noba irlandiuri anekdotebisa amerikaSi Savkanian mosaxle-

obaSi iseve gavrcelebulia, rogorc TeTrkanian mosaxleo-

baSi.

cvlilebebi afro-amerikul TxrobiT stilSi, rome-

lic samxreTidan CrdiloeTis industriul qalaqebSi gada-

saxlebis Sedegad moxda pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg,

asaxulia qalaqur folklorSi. Seiqmna axali Janrebi, rom-

lebSic riTmebi slengiT aris gawyobili.

Crdilo da samxreT amerikis indielTa folkloruli

siuJetebis Tematika erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia, magram

me-20 saukuneSi Sekrebili masalis mixedviT maTi urTier-

Tgavlena sakmaod SesamCnevia zogierT miTologiur motivSi

98

(uxilavi samyaros arseboba, kulturuli gmiris miTosi da

sxva).


• rodis gamoica pirvelad afro-amerikuli folklo-

ris nimuSebi?

• ra tipis gadmocemebi gvxvdeba yvelaze xSirad bra-

ziliur folklorSi?

• romelma samma faqtorma ganapiroba samxreT ameriku-

li folkloruli tradiciebis sinkretizmi?


• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocema „aramasa da RvTis-

mSobeli“ da meqsikuri gadmocema „mSieri glexi,

RmerTi da sikvdilis Jami“. romel teqstSi SeimCneva

evropuli folkloris gavlena? daasabuTeT Tqveni

azri.





• Eliade, M.; Couliano, J.: Handbuch der Religionen. Unter Mitwirkung von H. S. Weiser. Zürich / München, Artemis

& Winkler, 1991. gv. 42-45.

99

XIII Tavi

afro-amerikelTa rwmena-warmodgenebi

afro-karibuli rwmena-warmodgenebi. afro-

braziliuri rwmena-warmodgenebi. afro-gvianu-

ri rwmena-warmodgenebi. gadmocemebi musika-

luri sakravebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri warmodgenebi auTen-

tur afrikul niSnebsac atareben da qristianuli religi-

is gavlenasac ganicdian. calkeuli RvTaebebis saxelebi da

cnebebi kaTolicizmidan aris nasesxebi, Tumca maTi sakul-

to msaxurebebi da ritualebi mainc tradiciul rwmenebs

efuZneba.

afafafafrorororo----kakakakariririribubububulililili rwrwrwrwmemememenananana----wwwwararararmodmodmodmodgegegegenenenenebibibibi

kubis santeriasa da trinidadis CikagoSi mTavari

RvTaebebi afrikuli warmoSobisaa. RvTaebebTan dakavSirebu-

lia sisxliani msxverpli da transamde misuli cekvebi,

romlebic afrikul saxelebsac atareben da romis kaToli-

kuri eklesiis wmindanebisac, warmoSobiT ki afrikuli

RmerTebi arian. haitis sazogadoebaSi arsebobs vodus

rwmena yovelgvari saxis misnobiT, jados axsniT, Tavisi

saidumloebebiTa da okultizmiT.

winaprebis pativiscemas sxvadasxva sinkretuli kulti

gamoxatavs: iamaikeli ltolvili monebis cekvebi (Kumina,

Convince, Kormanti da sxv.), “big dram” cekva (Big Drum)

grenadisa da kariakus kunZulebze, “keles” cekva (Kele)

santa-lusiaze da sxva. samxreT amerikaSi afrikuli rwmena-

warmodgenebi qristianul elementebs Warbad atareben.

umTavresi religiuri moZraoba iamaikaze – rastafari

(Rastafari) warmoadgens rwmenas qristes aTaswlovani si-

100

cocxlis Sesaxeb. rastafarisTvis damaxasiaTebelia var-

cxnilobis gansakuTrebuli forma (Dreadlock) da regamusi-

ka (Reggae music), romelic metad popularuli gaxda me-20

saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi bob marlis wyalobiT. rastafa-

ris filosofiasa da musikas bevri mimdevari hyavs dasav-

leT evropasa da afrikaSi.

afafafafrorororo----bbbbrarararazizizizililililiuuuuriririri rwrwrwrwmemememenananana----wwwwararararmodmodmodmodgegegegenenenenebibibibi

afro-braziliuri religiuri kultebi daaxloebiT me-

19 saukunis meore naxevridan gavrcelda sxvadasxva warmo-

Sobis xalxebs Soris. afrikuli RvTabebis da eqstazuri

cekvebis gamo maTi rwmena-warmodgenebi auTentur afrikul

niSnebs atareben. Crdilo-aRmosavleTSi religiuri kultis

saxelwodebaa “kandomble” (Candomblé), samxreT-aRmosav-

leTSi _ “makumba” (Macumba), 1925-30 wlebidan ki metad

popularuli gaxda rio de JaneiroSi warmoSobili “um-

banda” (Umbanda). eqstazuri mdgomareobis Semcveli kul-

tmsaxurebebi adre akrZaluli iyo, dRes ki braziliis re-

ligiuri cxovrebis arsebiTi komponentia.

monebis cekva (Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

101

afafafafrorororo----ggggviviviviaaaanunununuriririri rwrwrwrwmemememenananana----wwwwararararmodmodmodmodgegegegenenenenebibibibi

afro-gvianuri rwmena-warmodgenebi gavrcelebulia su-

rinamSi (yofili holandiuri gviana) sanapiroze mcxovreb-

lebs – kreolebsa da ltolvil monebs Soris. kreolebis

religias sanapiroebze ewodeba “vinti” (winti) an “afkod-

re” (afkodré), romlis saxelwodebac momdinareobs holan-

diuri sityvidan afgoderij – “kerpTayvanismcemloba”. es

rwmenebi Zvel afrikul miTologiur warmodgenebs asaxaven.

ggggadadadadmomomomocecececememememebibibibi mumumumusisisisikakakakalulululuriririri ssssakakakakrarararavevevevebibibibis ws ws ws wararararmomomomoSoSoSoSobibibibis s s s

SeSeSeSesasasasaxexexexebbbb

centraluri da samxreT amerikis indielTa religiur

ritualebSi musikas erT-erTi mniSvnelovaini roli eniWe-

boda. musikis TanxlebiT msxverplSewirvis rituali

sruldeboda. mistiur atmosferoSi, romelic Casaberi da

dasartymeli instrumentebis musikiT aris Tanxlebuli, qu-

rumi sisxlian msxverpls swiravda RvTaebas.

afro-amerikel xalxTa Tqmulebebi mniSvnelovan in-

formacias Seicavs musikaluri sakravebis warmoSobisa, ma-

Ti magiuri rolisa da funqciis Sesaxeb. musika warmoad-

gens mediums xilul da uxilav samyaroebs, cocxalTa da

gardacvlilTa, adamianTa da RvTaebaTa Soris. sakulto

ritualebis garda musika ganuyofel kavSirSia uZveles po-

eziasTan.

afro-amerikelTa rwmeniT, musikaluri sakravebis

floba Zalauflebas ukavSirdeba. is, vinc musikalur in-

strumentze dakvris xelovnebas flobs, SeuZlia zegavlena

moaxdinos sxvebze. erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad, pirvelad

Casaberi sakravebi qalebma ipoves da damales, Semdeg yo-

veldRe midiodnen tyeSi da Cum-Cumad ukravdnen. imis gamo,

rom sakravze dakvra SeeZloT, qalebi mamakacebis mbrZane-

belni gaxdnen. mogvianebiT, mamakacebma motyuebiT waarTves

102

maT instrumentebi da isev daibrunes TavianTi adgili

ojaxSi.

saritualo cekva


musika gardacvlilTa samyarosTanac akavSirebs adami-

ans. Tqmulebebis mixedviT, micvalebulTa sulebi musikis

taqtze mRerian da cekvaven.

mocekvave qalebi (Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

musikaluri sakravebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb samxreT

amerikis xalxTa folklorSi uamravi gadmocema arsebobs,

romelTagan nawili miTologiuri Sinaarsisa, nawils ki

103

TavSesaqcevi ambis saxe aqvs da msmenelis gasarTobad aris

gamiznuli.


• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocemebi musikalur sakra-

vebze: „ku da kaipora“, „adamiani da ku“, „aru“, Ju-

ruparis sakravebis motaceba“, „Citi kolibri“. ra

mianiSnebs, rom teqstebi ritualuria?

• ra mianiSnebs, rom am teqsts dakarguli aqvs sakra-

luri funqcia?

• gaixseneT magaliTebi musikaluri sakravebis warmo-

Sobis Sesaxeb qarTuli folkloridan an sxva xal-

xTa miTologiidan.





• Леви-Стросc, К.: Первобытное мышление. Москва: «Республика», 1994.

104

XIV Tavi

indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zRaprebi

klasifikacia. jadosnuri zRapris struqtu-

ra. funqciaTa ganawileba moqmed pirTa mixed-

viT. indielTa zRaprebisa da evraziis xalxTa

zRaprebis urTierTmimarTeba. miTisa da zRap-

ris ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi.

zRaprebi, romlebic evropelTa gamoCenis Semdeg gav-

rcelda amerikis kontinentze, arafriT gansxvavdeba evro-

puli da aziuri zRaprebisgan, xolo sakuTriv adgilobri-

vi mosaxleobis zRaprebi evropuls ar hgavs. indielTa da

afro-amerikelTa xalxuri gadmocemebi ZiriTadad miTebs,

Tqmulebebsa da cxovelTa eposs warmoadgenen.

me-20 saukunis 60-ian wlebamde amerikis indielTa da

afro-amerikelTa zRaprebis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli iyo Se-

xeduleba, rom isini evropis xalxTa zRaprebTan SedarebiT

arasrulyofili da uformoa. es Teoria „Tavisufali kom-

poziciis Teoriis“ saxelwodebiT aris cnobili (jozef

jekobsi, franc boasi), romelic dRevandel mecnierebaSi

aRar aris gaziarebuli.

indielTa zRaprebi fundamenturad Seiswavla ameri-

kelma folkloristma da eTnologma alan dandesma. misi

naSromi „Crdiloamerikel indielTa xalxuri zRaprebis

morfologia“ (The Morphology of North American Indian

Folktales) mTlianad efuZneba rusi mecnieris vladimer pro-

pis „zRapris morfologias“, romelic evraziis kontinen-

tis xalxuri zRaprebis struqturis igiveobas aCvenebs.

alan dandesis Teoriis Tanaxmad, indielTa zRaprebis

struqtura evropis xalxTa zRaprebis struqturis msgav-

sia. misi gamokvleviT, amerikis indielTa zRaprebis didi

nawili Sedgeba Semdegi opoziciebisgan:

• wonasworoba (equilibrium) da wonasworobis da-

kargva (disequilibrium);

105

• akrZalva da akrZalvis darRveva;

• zarali da baraqa.

am opoziciuri epizodebiT amerikis indielTa zRapre-

bi evraziis kontinentis xalxTa zRaprebs uTanabrdeba.

alan dandesma evropuli zRaprebis siuJetebis ameri-

kis indielTa zRaprebTan Sedarebisas aCvena, Tu rogor

gardaiqmneba evropuli zRapari amerikulad siuJetur moq-

medebaTa Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT.

afro-amerikuli zRaprebi safuZvlianad Seiswavla ri-

Card dorsonma. man sxvadasxva eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgu-

febis gamokvlevis Sedegad afro-amerikuli xalxuri gadmo-

cemebis Sesaxeb vrceli naSromi Seqmna. dorsonma calkeuli

mTqmelis Txrobis Tavisebureba, individualoba da stili

ganixila. man gansakuTrebuli Seswavlis sagnad aqcia avto-

biografiuli moTxrobebi, saTavgadasavlo ambebi da isto-

riuli Tqmulebebi, romlebic afro-amerikul folklorSi

specifikur Janrebs qmnian.

zRzRzRzRapapapaprerererebibibibis s s s SiSiSiSinanananaararararsobsobsobsobririririvivivivi kkkklalalalasisisisififififikakakakaciciciciaaaa

zRaprebis klasifikacia ori ZiriTadi principiT xde-

ba: SinaarsobriviT da struqturuliT.

Sinaarsis mixedviT zRaprebi pirobiTad ramdenime Te-

matur jgufad iyofa. amgvari klasifikacia me-20 saukunis

damdegs daiwyo v. vundtisa da a. aarnes mier, rac Semdgom

srulyves da Seavses s. Tompsonma da h.-i. uTerma.

• cxovelTa zRaprebi, romlebSic Sedis zRaprebi

Sinaur da gareul cxovelebze, adamianisa da

cxovelis urTierTobaze, frinvelebze, Tevzebze

da sxv.;

• jadosnuri zRaprebi, romlebSic Sedis zRapre-

bi zebunebriv mowinaaRmdegeze, mojadoebul me-

uRleze, magiur sagnebze, zebunebriv Semweze,

zebunebriv Zalasa da codnaze da sxv.;

• religiuri zRaprebi;

106

• zRaprebi siyvarulze;

• sayofacxovrebo anu novelisturi zRaprebi;

• anekdotebi;

• formulebze agebuli zRaprebi.

zRzRzRzRapapapaprerererebibibibis strs strs strs struquququqtutututururururulililili kkkklalalalasisisisififififikakakakaciciciciaaaa

zRaparTa klasifikacia struqturis mixedviT rus

mecniers, vladimer props ekuTvnis. misi 1928 wels gamo-

cemuli wigni „zRapris morfologia“ dRemde aqtualuri

meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloa amerikis, evropisa da

aziis qveynebis mecnierebisaTvis.

„jadosnuri zRapari“ pirobiTi terminia. am terminiT

gansazRvrulia xalxuri moTxrobis iseTi tipi, romlis

siuJetic zianis miyenebiT an uqonlobiT iwyeba da mTav-

rdeba qorwinebiT, gamefebiT an sxva kvanZis gamxsneli epi-

zodiT. saboloo funqciebia dajildoeba, raimes Sovna,

devnisTvis Tavis daRweva an zogadad ubedurebis likvida-

cia.

siuJetis amgvar ganviTarebas v. propi „svlas“ uwo-

debs. yoveli axali vnebis an zianis miyeneba zRaparSi, yo-

veli axali uqonloba axal svlas qmnis. erT zRapars SeiZ-

leba ramdenime svla hqondes.

v. propma zRapris moqmedi pirebisa da maTi funqciebis

maqsimaluri raodenoba daadgina: zRaparSi personaJTa rao-

denoba ar aRemateba Svids, xolo funqciaTa raodenoba oc-

daTerTmets. moqmed pirTa funqciebi zRaparSi Semdegnairad

nawildeba:

antagonistis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) zianis miyeneba, 2)

omi an gmirTan brZolis sxva formebi, 3) devna.

mCuqeblis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) jadosnuri saSualebis

gadacemisTvis Semzadeba, 2) gmiris momarageba jadosnuri

saSualebiT.

Semwis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) gmiris sivrcobrivi gadaad-gileba, 2) ubedurebis an uqonlobis likvidacia, 3) dev-

107

nisgan gadarCena, 4) rTuli davalebis Sesruleba, 5) gmi-

ris transformacia.

saZebari personaJis (xSirad mefis asuli) moqmedebaTa

wre: 1) Zneli davalebis micema, 2) niSnis dadeba, 3) crug-

miris mxileba, 4) gmiris gamocnoba, 5) crugmiris an anta-

gonistis dasja, 6) qorwili.

gamgzavnis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) gmiris gagzavna. gmiris moqmedebaTa wre: 1) saZebrad wasvla, 2) mCuqeb-

lis moTxovnaze reaqcia (dadebiTi), 3) qorwili.

crugmiris moqmedebaTa wre: 1) saZebrad wasvla, 2)

mCuqeblis moTxovnaze reaqcia (uaryofiTi).

mimimimiTiTiTiTisasasasa da zRda zRda zRda zRapapapapriririris gs gs gs gananananmasmasmasmasxvaxvaxvaxvavevevevebebebebelililili nnnniSiSiSiSnenenenebibibibi

gansxvaveba miTosur da zRaprul monaTxrobs Soris

sxvadasxvagvari saxiT vlindeba – rogorc SinaarsSi, ise

teqstis struqturul agebulebaSi.

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia miTisa da

zRapris Sinaarsobrivad ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, romelic e.

meletinskim daadgina.

miTi zRapari

1. ritualuroba

2. sakraluroba

3. sarwmunoeba

4. eTnografiuli konkretuloba

5. miTosuri gmiri

6. miTosuri (winareistoriuli)

dro moqmedebisa

7. etiologizmis arseboba

8. koleqtiuroba

1. araritualuroba

2. arasakraluroba

3. arasarwmunoeba

4. pirobiT-poeturoba

5. aramiTosuri gmiri

6. zRapruli (istoriis gareSe

mdgari) dro

7. etiologizmi ar arsebobs

8. individualizireba

gansxvavebulia miTisa da zRapris struqturebic. teq-

stebi, romlebsac v. propis SvidpersonaJiani sqema esadage-

ba, zRapris Janrs ganekuTvnebian. SesaZloa miTsac hqondes

amgvari struqtura. aseT SemTxvevaSi Janris gansazRvra Si-

naarsis mixedviT moxdeba. rogorc wesi, zRapris struqtu-

108

raze agebul miTs ukve dakarguli aqvs Tavisi sakraluri

funqcia. sawinaaRmdego SemTxveva, rom zRapars miTis

struqtura hqondes, ar arsebobs. Tu teqsti tragikulad

mTavrdeba, is zRapari ar aris.

zRapris struqtura aqvs braziliur gadmocemas saRa-

mos varskvlavis, taina-kanis Sesaxeb, magram Sinaarsobrivad

is miTs warmoadgens. ganvixiloT detalurad:

1) teqstis dasawyisi, romelSic dakonkretebulia

dro da personaJTa saxelebi, ukve mianiSnebs, rom miTolo-

giur siuJetTan gvaqvs saqme:

„im dros, roca karaJas tomis xalxma jer kidev ar icoda

miwis moxvna, simindis, maniokis da ananasis moyvana, mxolod

tyis nayofiT, sxvadasxva frinvelebis xorciTa da TevziT ikve-

bebodnen, cxovrobda qveynad ori da. ufross imaero erqva, um-

cross – denake.”

2) siuJetis ganviTareba iwyeba gmiris surviliT, rom

caze akiafebuli varskvlavi mas ekuTvnodes. amgvari dasaw-

yisi miTisTvisac da zRaprisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia:

„erTxel, gvian saRamos imaerom varskvlavebiT moWedil cas

axeda da did varskvlavs taina-kans Soridan miesiyvarula. es

varskvlavi iseT naz, oqrosfer Suqs gamoscemda, rom gogonam

Tavi veRar Seikava da Tqva:

- Sexede, mami, ra lamazi varskvlavia!.. netavi aq momca, vi-

TamaSebdio.

mamas gaecina Svilis axirebul survilze da uTxra:

- is varskvlavi ise Sorsaa, veravin miswvdebao, - mere ki

dasZina: - taina-kanma Seni sityvebi rom gaigonos, TviTon mova

Tavis fexiTo.”

3) gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia zebunebrivi qorwinebis

Sesaxeb – varskvlavsa da mokvdavs Soris. motivi, romel-

Sic naambobia, rom Seuxedav saqmroze gaTxoveba ufros qa-

109

liSvils ar unda da mis nacvlad umcrosi da mihyveba, gav-

rcelebuli motivia msoflios xalxTa zRaprebSi:

„marTlac, SuaRamisas yvelas rom eZina, gogonam igrZno,

rogor miuaxlovda viRaca da gverdiT miuwva. qali SeSinda da

hkiTxa:

- vina xar, Cemgan ra gindao?

- me taina-kani var, saRamos varskvlavi. gavigone, rogor

mixmobdi da movedi, colad ar gamogyvebio?

imaerom cecxli gaaRviva da Sinaurebi gaaRviZa. Sexedes ta-

ina-kans da gaocdnen: maT win saxedanaoWebuli, TeTrwvera, mix-

rwnili moxuci idga. moxucs bambasaviT TeTri Tma da wveri

hqonda.

imaero cecxlis Suqze daakvirda mosuls da uTxra:

- ver gamogyvebi colad. Sen beberi da gonji xar, me ki

lamazi da Ronieri saqmro mindao.

daRonda taina-kani da atirda. maSin denakes, keTili da sa-

TuTi gulis gogonas, Seebrala moxuci da daamSvida. mamas ki

uTxra:

- am moxucs colad me gavyvebio.”

4) sazRapro motivs mohyveba miTosuri motivi, ro-

melSic zebunebrivi meuRle kulturuli gmiris Tvisebebs

avlens – moipovebs marcvleuls da miwas amuSavebs, tyes

Cexavs da sayaned amzadebs:

„qorwilis Semdeg taina-kanma denakes uTxra:

- Seni Senaxva rom ar gamiWirdes, unda vimuSao. gavwmindav am mi-

was da iseT marcvleuls davTesav, romlis msgavsi karaJas toms ara-

sodes unaxavso.

taina-kani wavida did mdinareze bera-kanze (ase ewodeboda maSin

araguaias), raRac sityviT mimarTa, mere Sig Sevida da gailaja. mdina-

rem mis lajebSua iwyo dineba. moxuci drodadro ixreboda, wyalSi

orive xels hyofda da muWa-muWa amohqonda dinebisgan motanili mar-

cvleuli.

ase aCuqa mdinarem mas ori sawyao simindi, ori muWa manioki da

sxva marcvleuli, romelsac karaJas tomi axlac Tesavs.“

5) miTologiur motivs kvlav mosdevs sazRapro moti-

vi akrZalvis Sesaxeb:

110

„mdinaridan rom dabrunda, taina-kanma cols uTxra:

- waval, tyes gavCexav da sayane miwas movamzadeb. Sen aramc

da aramc ar gamomyve da ar miyuro. Sin darCi da saWmeli momim-

zade. samuSaodan mSieri da daRlil-daqanculi rom davbrundebi,

damapure da momiareo.

wavida taina-kani, magram Zalian Seugvianda Sin dabruneba.

denakes SeeSinda, daRlili sadme xom ar daecao. aba, raRa daaZi-

nebda.”

6) zRaparSi akrZalvis darRvevas gmiris dasja mos-

devs, magram radgan es teqsti miTologiuri Sinaarsisaa,

moqmedebac sxvagvarad viTardeba:

„Tumca qmarma aukrZala, aramc da aramc ar wamoxvideo, ma-

inc adga da mis saZebrad wavida. wavida da, hoi! – ra sixaru-

lis elda eca:

axlad mosufTavebul mindorze daCaCanakebuli moxucis

nacvlad maRali, warmosadegi garegnobis vaJkaci ixila. vaJs ta-

ni sul moxatuli hqonda da iseTi samkaulebi ekeTa, romlis

msgavsi karaJas tomidan winaT aravis enaxa, axla ki TiTqmis yve-

la axalgazrda atarebs. qalma metismeti sixarulisgan Tavi ve-

Rar Seikava, miirbina masTan da gadaexvia. Semdeg taina-kani Sin

waiyvana, rom mSoblebisTvis eCvenebina. roca ufrosma dam – imae-

rom taina-kani dainaxa, inana, es ra vqenio. umcrosi dis bedi Se-

Surda da ymawvils uTxra:

- Sen magisi ki ara, Cemi qmari xar. Sen xom CemTan moxvedi

da ara denakesTano.

magram taina-kanma upasuxa:

- denake keTili gulis gamodga, Semibrala moxuci da co-

lad gamomyva, Sen ki amiTvalwune. axla aRar mindixar, mxolod

denakea Cemi megobrobis Rirsio.”

7) am miTologiuri gadmocemas zRapris msgavsi dasas-

ruli aqvs – dadebiTi personaJi bednierad agrZelebs

cxovrebas, uaryofiTi ki isjeba, Tumca gansxvaveba zRapri-

sa da miTis dasasruls Soris mkafioa – miTologiuri

111

gadmocema etiologiur axsnas gvTavazobs, rac zRaprisaT-

vis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli:

„SuriTa da braziT aRvsilma imaerom erTi iyvira, miwaze

daenarcxa da iqve gaqra. im adgilas ki, sadac imaero daenarcxa,

Savi frinveli gaCnda. es frinveli ise naRvlianad da gulisgam-

gmiravad kivis xolme, rom gamvlel-gamomvleli SiSiT kankalebs.

karaJas tomis xalxma ase iswavla Ramis varskvlav taina-

kanisagan simindisa da maniokis moyvana, ananasis moSeneba da kidev

bevri sxva marcvleulis Tesva.”

amgvarad, braziliuri gadmocema „taina-kani, saRamos

varskvlavi“ miTologiuri Sinaarsisaa. masSi

• dakonkretebulia moqmedebis adgili (mdinare

arauguaias sanapiro), dro („roca karaJas to-

mis xalxma jer kidev ar icoda miwis moxvna...”)

da personaJTa saxelebi (imaero, denake, taina-

kani).

• mocemulia etiologia („im adgilas ki, sadac

imaero daenarcxa, Savi frinveli gaCnda...”).

• moqmedebs kulturuli gmiri, romelic karaJas

tomSi miwaTmoqmedebas udebs saTaves (simindisa

da maniokis moyvana, ananasis moSeneba da mar-

cvleulis Tesva).

es arsebiTi niSnebi metyvelebs teqstis sakraluroba-

sa da ritualurobaze. „taina-kani, saRamos varskvlavi“

warmoadgens miTs, romelic zRapris struqturaze aris

agebuli. msgavsi SemTxveva tipobrivia rogorc amerikis

xalxTa folklorSi, ise msoflios xalxTa zepir tradi-

ciebSi.


• rogoria zRapris struqtura v. propis mixedviT?

• riTi gansxvavdebian miTi da zRapari erTmaneTisgan?

112


• waikiTxeT meqsikuri zRapari „sami Zma da bayayi“ da

gaakeTeT misi struqturuli analizi (nimuSi ix. da-

matebaSi: „zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixed-

viT“).

• waikiTxeT CrdiloeTis indielTa gadmocema “quxili

da misi siZe” da e. meletinskis sqemis mixedviT da-

adgineT, miTia Tu zRapari.






• propi, v.: zRapris morfologia. Tbilisi: „mecniere-

ba“, 1983.

• Мелетинский, Э. М.: Mиф и сказка. В книге «Фольклор

и этнография», Москва 1970, gv. 132-148.

113

XV Tavi

miTebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi „amerikuli ocneba“. holivudi. eman-

sipirebuli gmirebi.

„a„a„a„amemememeririririkukukukulililili ococococnenenenebabababa““““

„amerikuli ocneba“ (American Dream) Tanamedrove sa-

zogadoebaSi arsebuli miTia, romelsac miTisTvis damaxasi-

aTebeli umTavresi niSani aqvs – rwmena mis namdvilobaSi.

„amerikuli ocneba“, erTi mxriv amerikul sazogadoe-

baSi damkvidrebul rwmenas gamoxatavs _ TiToeul adamians

SromiTa da sakuTari SesaZleblobebiT cxovrebis gaumjo-

beseba da warmatebis miRweva SeuZlia. meore mxriv, „ameri-

kuli ocneba“ asaxavs sxva qveynis moqalaqeebis warmodge-

nebs amerikaze.

me-18 saukunidan moyolebuli ramdenime milioni adami-

ani Cavida am kontinentze sxvadasxva mizniT, maT Soris

isinic, vinc sakuTar qveyanaSi religiuri an politikuri

msoflmxedvelobis niSniT idevnebodnen, amerikis nawili

xdebodnen.

me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis ekonomikuri aRmavloba uamravi imigrantis Cas-

vlis safuZvlad iqca.

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva eT-

nikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs sxvadasxva Sexeduleba

hqondaT „amerikul ocnebaze“. magaliTad, afro-amerikele-

bis ocneba upirveles yovlisa adamianis uflebebis mopove-

ba iyo.

hohohoholilililivuvuvuvudidididi

amerikuli Rirebulebebi – Tavisufleba, adamianis uf-

lebaTa dacva, liberalizmi, demokratia, keTilsindisie-

114

rad Sroma, konkurencia da warmateba – yvelaze xSirad ga-

moyenebuli ideologiuri konceptebia amerikul kultura-

Si.

gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod es holivudis produqcia-

Si Cans. filmebis umravlesobis bednieri dasasruli nawi-

lobriv „amerikuli ocnebis“ principebidan momdinareobs,

nawilobriv ki xalxuri Txrobis tradiciebidan. nebismieri

siuJeti, romelic problemis gadaWraze da warmatebis miR-

wevazea agebuli, zRapris tradiciul sqemas eyrdnoba.

amerikis xalxTa miTologiis kvlevisas riCard dor-

soni xSirad aRniSnavda msgavsebas zepir TxrobiT tradici-

ebsa da masmedias Soris. sxva mecnierebic svamdnen sakiTxs

miTebisa da masobrivi komunikaciebis kavSirze, magaliTad,

rafael patai werda analogiebze heraklesa da miki-mauss,

Tezevssa da jeims bonds Soris.

sanaxaobrivi Janris (Action) filmisTvis damaxasiaTe-

belia, rom mis scenars safuZvlad udevs iseTi motivebi

da motivTa jgufebi, romlebic zepiri gadmocemis motive-

badac gvxvdeba msoflios sxvadasxva xalxTa folklorSi.

am Janris filmebSi warmodgenili magiuri Zalebi da sagne-

bi, saswaulebi, jadoqrebi da a. S., zRaparTan arian dakav-

Sirebuli. zRapruli motivebi SeiZleba gamoCndes rogorc

Tanamedrove yofaSi, ise egzotikur garemoSi.

ememememanananansisisisipipipipirerererebubububulililili ggggmimimimirerererebibibibi

„amerikuli ocnebis“ Tanaxmad, amerika ocnebebis axde-

nis qveyanaa. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gavixsenoT gari marSa-

lis filmi „mSvenieri qali“ (originaluri saTauri: Pretty

Woman) julia robertsisa da riCard giris monawileo-

biT, romelic evropul xalxur zRapar `konkiasa” da ber-

nard Sous piesa `pigmalionis” siuJetTa sinTezia. filmis

prologi da epilogi – quCaSi moxetiale Savkanianis sit-

yvebi, rom holivudSi yvela ocneba xdeba – filmis mTavar

ideas gamoxatavs.

115

„mSvenieri qali“, 1990

metad mniSvnelovani Strixi holivudis filmebisa

aris emansipirebuli adamiani. es exeba rogorc mxatvrul,

ise naxat filmebs.

uolt disneis naxati filmi „fifqia da Svidi juja“

(originaluri saTauri: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs),

romelic amerikis kinoinstitutis (American Film Institute)

mier yvela drois 100 saukeTeso filmis CamonaTvalSi

aris Sesuli, pirveli srul-metraJiani filmia animaciuri

filmebis istoriaSi.

116

„fifqia da Svidi juja“, 1937

disneis filmebSi zRaprebi interpretirebulia senti-

mentaluri sasiyvarulo romanisa da imavdroulad satiru-

li stiliT da gamokveTilia erTi da igive Tema – kon-

fliqti axalgazrda da ufros qalebs Soris.

disneis naxati filmebis gmirebi fifqia, konkia (ori-

ginaluri saTauri: Cinderella), mZinare mzeTunaxavi (origi-

naluri saTauri: Sleeping Beauty), samive _ dedinacvlisa

da boroti jadoqris devnas ganicdis. am konfliqtSi dro-

ulad Cndeba mxsneli ufliswuli, romelsac moTminebiT

elis mTavari gmiri.

imis miuxedavad, rom samive zRapris personaJi – fif-

qiac, konkiac da mZinare mzeTunaxavic saTno da keTilSobi-

li gogonebi arian, sakmaod aqtiur winaaRmdegobas uweven

borotebas. garda amisa, sakuTar nebasac aSkarad gamoxata-

ven - fifqia Tavis megobar jujebs Tavad mfarvelobs da

ara piriqiT; konkia ar emorCileba dedinacvalsa da debs;

mZinare mzeTunaxavs ki ar unda mamis mier arCeuli saqmro.

117

„mZinare mzeTunaxavi“, 1959.

gmiris emansipacia kidev ufro Sors midis holivudis

zRaprebis mogviano ekranizaciebSi. maikl konis filmi

“fifqia” (originaluri saTauri: Snow White in the Black

Forest) monika kinasa da sigurni uiveris monawileobiT sa-

SinelebaTa Janrs ganekuTvneba.

moqmedeba istoriul epoqaSi xdeba, jujebi Secvlilia

katorRelebiT, romlebic TavSesafars aZleven fifqias.

filmis bolos fifqias ufliswuli ki ar gadaarCens, ara-

med is Tavad ebrZvis dedinacvals da amarcxebs.

emansipirebul qals, romelic pirispir brZolaSi uf-

liswulis gamoCenamde amarcxebs mters – vxvdebiT endi

tenantis filmSi “Ever After” driu berimoris monawileo-

biT. garda mtkice xasiaTisa, konkias fizikuri aRnagobac

Zlieri aqvs da sakuTari uflebebisTvis bolomde ibrZvis.

kidev erTi saintereso aqcenti holivudis sanaxaobri-

vi Janris filmebSi gmiris garegnobaze keTdeba. dadebiTi

gmiri kinematografiaSi tradiciulad simpatiurad gamoisa-

xeboda, bolo wlebSi ki sxva esTetika damkvidrda – ga-

regnobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs, dadebiTi gmiri SeiZleba

monstrsac ki hgavdes, rogorc, magaliTad, adamiani-oboba

sem reimis filmSi (originaluri saTauri: Spider-Man,

2002) tobi magiris monawileobiT.

118

„fifqia“, 1997 „konkia“, 1998

rob minkofis sabavSvo filmi “stiuart litli”

(originaluri saTauri: Stuart Little) amerikeli mwerlis e.

b. uaitis nawarmoebis mixedviT aris gadaRebuli. mTavari

gmiri aris Tagvi saxelad stuarti (axmovanebs msaxiobi ma-

ikl foqsi), romelic amerikuli ojaxis srulfasovani

wevri xdeba.

Tagv stiuarts litlebis ojaxi sabavSvo saxlidan

wamoiyvans da iSvilebs. stuarts ojaxSi mSoblebis garda

Zma da sxva Sinauri cxovelebi xvdebian, romlebsac is Ta-

vidan ar moswonT, magram filmis bolos stuarti maT siy-

varulsa da pativiscemas moipovebs. „ra mniSvneloba aqvs,

vin rogor gamoviyurebiT da ra warmoSobis varT, - ambobs

stuarti filmis bolo monologSi, - Cven xom erT ojaxs

vekuTvniT!”

„stiuart litli“, 1999

119

calke ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos filmebi miTo-

logiuri siuJetebiT (filmebi drakonebze, goliaTebze, fe-

riebze da a. S.). aq sakuTriv amerikis xalxTa miTologiaze

ki ar aris agebuli scenari, aramed evraziuli sivrcidan

momdinare miTebsa da miTosur personaJebze.

filmebisa da miTebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi bev-

rad Rrmaa, vidre erTi SexedviT SeiZleba Candes. zRaprebi

da miTebi holivudis filmebSi mxolod nasesxebi siuJete-

bi ar aris. maTi holivuduri interpretacia amerikuli

kulturis erT-erTi Zireuli Semadgeneli nawilia.

miTi, miTosuri elementi Tu miTosuri gmiri – yvela

maTgani gvxvdeba zRaparSi, magram ara sakraluri funqciiT,

aramed ise, Tu rogor moiTxovs amas zRapris siuJeti.

zRapari, Tavis mxriv, SesaZloa Tavad iyos gamoyenebuli

kinofilmis scenarSi rogorc motivTa kompleqsiT, ise

mTliani struqturiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, arc

zRaparSi gamoyenebuli miTi aRar aris miTi Tavisi Tavda-

pirveli mniSvnelobiT da arc scenarad gadakeTebuli zRa-

pari aRar aris xalxuri TxrobiTi Janri. am sami gansxvave-

buli fenomenis – miTis, zRaprisa da kinofilmis urTier-

TkavSiri maTi socialuri funqciis mixedviT ganisazRvreba.

holivudur films, romelic „Happy End“ princips

efuZneba, zRaprisgan aRebuli aqvs gasarTobi funqcia, mi-

Tisgan ki sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis unari. garda amisa,

holivudi TviTon adgens sakuTar miTologias sxvadasxva

aqtivobiT: “oskaris” dajildoebis ceremoniali, varskvlav-

Ta dabadeba da cxovreba (TavisTavad “varskvlavi” – sayva-

reli msaxiobisTvis Serqmeuli saxeli – astraluri panTe-

onis asociacias qmnis, xolo misi cxovreba Tayvanismcemle-

biTurT – miTologiuri gmirisas).

masobriv sanaxaobaze da komerciul warmatebaze ori-

entirebul holivudSi erTmaneTs harmoniulad erwymis mi-

Tosur-zRapruli gaformeba da pragmatuli principebi. ho-

livudi miTos-Semoqmedebis Tanamedrove amerikuli versiaa.

120


• moawyveT diskusia Temaze `miTebi Tanamedrove sazo-

gadoebaSi”.

• ganixileT sxva mxatvruli filmebi, romlebic, Tqve-

ni azriT, miTologemebs Seicaven.



lisi: “lega”, 2009.

• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.

121

danarTi

teqstebi

lelelelegengengengendadadada sisisisinaTnaTnaTnaTlelelelezezezeze

brazilia

erTxel kanan-siue mTeli dRis muSaobiT daRlili hamakSi

iwva da isvenebda. RmerTebic xom adamianebiviT iRlebian. kanan-

siues yoveldRe uamravi saqme hqonda: qveyana Seqmna da mas mere

yoveldRe raRacas aumjobesebda, srulyofils xdida: xan mdina-

reTa napirebs aTanasworebda, xanac xeTa foTlebs Wrida. hoda,

daiRala.

kanan-siue iwva hamakSi. irgvliv bneloda, radgan maSin si-

naTle jer kidev ar iyo. uceb mis sanaxavad sidedri movida.

sibneleSi veraferi gaarCia, ku otonis bakans wamohkra fexi da

magrad daSavda. gabrazda sidedri da kanan-siues waeCxuba:

- kanan-siue, Sen amqveynad yvelaferi Seqmeni: mdinareebi,

vel-mindvrebi, bee rokanis napirebi, arares cecxlisferi frTe-

bi, xeebi, Tevzebi da mxecebi, sinaTlis Seqmna ki dagaviwyda. xom

xedav, ukve moxuci var da veRar davdivar, waramara viqcevi. ka-

nan-siue, radac ar unda dagijdes, sinaTlec unda Seqmnao.

kanan-siue meore dRes adre adga da sinaTlis saZebnelad

gaemgzavra.

bevri iara Tu cota, gavida erT velze, sadac mdinaris

wylis sasmelad mxecebi ikribebodnen. kanan-siue tapirad iqca,

SeumCnevlad rom esunTqa, pirSi embaubas xis mili Caido da Tavi

moimkvdaruna.

mofrindnen qinqlebi da hkiTxes:

- tapiro, mokvdio?

raxan tapirma xma ar amoiRo, moiTaTbires:

- modiT, SevWamoTo!

- ara! – Tqva qinqlebis winamZRolma, vidre buzebi mofrin-

debian, movicadoTo.

mofrindnen buzebi. erTma ikiTxa:

- tapiro, mokvdio?

amasobaSi sxvebma moiTaTbires:

- modiT, SevWamoTo!

122

- ara, urubus davelodoTo!

motlaSundnen urubuebi.

- tapiro, mokvdio? – SeekiTxnen.

- ra iqneba, rom SevWamoTo? – Tqva erTma.

- arao! – wamoiZaxa meorem, - davelodoT, sanam Cveni mefe

urubu mofrindebao.

mofrinda mefe urubu. daeSva miwaze, daakvirda tapirad

qceul kanan-siues da Tqva:

- raRa Tqma unda, momkvdara. modiT, SevWamoTo!

mefe urubu kanan-siues mucelze daajda. kanan-siuec swo-

red amas eloda da xeli staca. maSin urubus sxeuli bumbuliT

ki ara, karaJas tomis adamianebiviT TmebiT hqonda dafaruli. ka-

nan-siuem urubus daxrCoba daupira.

- sinaTles Tu ar momcem, axlave mogklavo!

- nu momklav, kanan-siue, me sinaTle ara maqvso! – Seevedra

mefe urubu.

- an sinaTles momcem, an dagaxrCobo.

mefe urubu mixvda, saxumarod ara maqvs saqmeo, mkerdidan

Tmebi gadaiwia da ciskris varskvlavi taina-kani gamouSva. taina-

kanma frTebi Seisxa da cis saZebrad gaemarTa. maSin kanan-siuem

mSvildi mozida, isarma gaiSxuila, taina-kanis Sig fexebSi mox-

vda da Ramis cas miaWeda. magram kanan-siue ukmayofilo darCa:

- es is araa, me rom minda, cota Suqi aqvso.

- ki, magram meti rom ara maqvs, ra vqnao, - amoikvnesa mefe

urubum.

- gaqvs, rogor ara gaqvs. Tu ar mogicia, suls amogxdio, -

dasZaxa kanan-siuem.

sasowarkveTilma mefe urubum amoixvneSa, mkerdze mbrwyina-

vi Tmebi gadaiwia da mTvare rendo gamouSva. mTvare maSinve cis

kamaris saZebnelad gaeSura.

kanan-siuem kvlav mozida mSvildi, styorcna isari da mTva-

re cas miaWeda. magram arc axla darCa kmayofili.

- me sul sxva sinaTle minda. es ori sinaTle Ramisa iqne-

ba, me ki dRisas daveZebo, - da, rac Zali da Rone hqonda, kiser-

Si xeli wauWira mefe urubus.

- kanan-siue, aseTi sinaTle ar maqvso, – kvnesoda urubu,

Tan mkerdze Tmebs iwevda. maSin brwyinvale da brdRviala mze

gamocurda misi mkerdidan da TandaTan maRla-maRla iwyo svla.

kanan-siuem styorcna isari da mze dRis kedelze miaWeda.

123

mas Semdeg samyaro savsea sinaTliT.

mzis madliT indiels brinjaosferi daedo. xili oqros-

frad mwifs da yvavilebi mkveTri saRebavebiT iwoneben Tavs. mdi-

nareebSi wyali mzis sxivebze aTasfrad irekleba da kanan-siues

sidedric aRar emdureba.

ai, rogor gaCnda qveynad sinaTle.

ori ori ori ori TuTuTuTuTiTiTiTiyuyuyuyuSiSiSiSi

brazilia

erTxel mze sanadirod gaemgzavra da gzaSi frinvelis bu-

des waawyda. budeSi ori patara TuTiyuSi ijda. mzem bartyebi

budidan amosxa da gasazrdelad Sin waiyvana. erTi ufro Wreli

da lamazi TuTiyuSi TavisTvis daitova, meore ki mTvares aCuqa.

megobrebi erTad zrdidnen frinvelebs. nadirobidan rom dabrun-

debodnen, xelze daisvamdnen da laparaks aswavlidnen.

erTxel mze da mTvare sanadirod rom iyvnen wasuli, erTma

TuTiyuSma meores uTxra:

- Zalian mecodeba mze. sul miwazea. dabrundeba Tu ara, na-

dirobidan, daRlilic rom iyos, mainc sadils gvimzadebs. modi,

Cvenc davexmaroTo.

TuTiyuSebi maSinve qalebad iqcnen da sadilis mzadebas Se-

udgnen. vidre erTi saqmianobda, meore karTan idga da gareT iyu-

reboda, mze da mTvare xom ar modiano. mze da mTvares jer ki-

dev Soridan moesmaT filTaqvis xma. TiTqos viRac xorbals na-

yavda. Sevidnen saxlSi da ras xedaven: sadili mzad aris, TuTi-

yuSebi ki isev TavianT qandaraze sxedan. mzem da mTvarem moaTva-

lieres iqauroba da miwaze adamianis nafexurebi SeamCnies. Zali-

an ki SeSindnen, radgan nafexurebi mxolod oTaxSi trialebda,

gareT ki araferi emCneoda. viRaca ise Sesuliyo SigniT, kvalic

ar daetovebina.

meore dResac igive ambavi ganmeorda da ase gagrZelda kar-

ga xans. erTxel mzem Tavis megobars uTxra:

- modi, saxlis axlos buCqebSi davimaloT da, rogorc ki

filTaqvis xmas gavigebT, sxvadasxva karidan SevcvivdeTo.

124

asec moiqcnen: daimalnen da daiwyes lodini. saxlidan jer

saubari da kiskisi moisma, mere TandaTan filTaqvac axmaurda.

mzesa da mTvares wami ar dauyovnebiaT, sxvadasxva karidan Sec-

vivdnen saxlSi. qalebma ver moaswres bumbulis samosis gadacma,

qvasanayi xelidan gauvardaT, Tavebi daxares da erTmaneTis gver-

diT dasxdnen miwaze. oriveni saocrad lamazebi iyvnen: naTeli

pirisaxis kani da funCula loyebi hqondaT. giSris Tmebi koWe-

bamde swvdebodaT. mTvares undoda maTTan misvla, magram mzem

gza gadauRoba da erT-erT qals hkiTxa:

- sadils Tqven gvimzadebdiTo?

qalma gadaikiskisa:

- SegvecodeT, nadirobidan daRlil-daqanculebi brundebo-

diT da saxlSic uamravi saqme gxvdebodaT, amitom xandaxan ada-

mianebad viqceodiT, rom sadili mainc dagvemzadebinao.

maSin mzem qalebs uTxra:

- dReidan samudamod adamianebad darCebiTo.

- Tu asea, sacoled amogvirCieT, romeli romels gindivar-

To.

- me Sen mindixaro, - uTxra mzem pirvel qals.

- me ki Seno, - da mTvarem meore qali arCia.

didi qorwili gadaixades da dRemde bednierad cxovroben.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda mze da mTmze da mTmze da mTmze da mTvavavavarererere

brazilia

guaraios winapars – abaangis – ori vaJi hyavda. styorcna

erTma Zmam caSi isari da cis kamaraSi gaWeda. styorcna meore-

mac isari da Zmis nasroli isris gaswvriv gaarWo. mere Zmebma

erTad styorcnes isrebi da ise moxerxebulad, rom pirvelad

nasrol isrebs moaxvedres.

manamde ar SeuwyvetiaT Zmebs srola, vidre cidan dedamiwa-

ze isrebis grZeli jaWvi ar Camoekida. am jaWvze acocdnen Zmebi

da caze avidnen. iq ki isini mzed da mTvared gadaiqcnen.

125

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda RaRaRaRamemememe

cecxlovani miwa

qveyana axlad rom gaCnda, ar Ramdeboda da maues tomis in-

dielebi arasodes iZinebdnen.

uaniamma gaigo, rom Rame hqoniaT surukukus da mis naTesa-

obas: Jarakakas, obobas, moriels da asfexas. uaniamma Tavis to-

melebs uTxra:

- waval, Rames TqvenTvisac movipovebo.

aiRo mSvild-isari da gaudga gzas.

surukukus ewvia Tavis qoxSi da SesTavaza:

- Rames mSvild-isarSi ar gamicvlio?

- rad minda, Svilo, Seni mSvild-isari, xelebi ara maqvso,

- upasuxa surukukum.

ras izamda, wavida uaniami surukukusaTvis sxva ramis sa-

Sovnelad. ipova JRaruna da axla is miutana:

- ar ginda? gaCuqeb JRarunas. Sen, samagierod, Seecade ada-

mianebs Rame hqondeTo.

- Svilo, - uTxra surukukum, - xom xedav, fexebi ar maqvs.

kudze momabi eg Seni JRaruna, magram ise, rom saWiroebis Jans

avwioo.

iqidan moyolebuli, gveli roca brazobs, kuds aSrialebs.

amiT afrTxilebs gamvlels.

Rame mainc ar misca surukukum uaniams.

maSin uaniamma gadawyvita, Sxami eSova. ifiqra, surukuku

amiT moixiblebao.

marTlac, surukukus rogorc ki Sxami uxsenes, sxvagvarad

alaparakda.

- kargi, mogcem Rames. Sxami Zalian mWirdebao.

surukukum Cado Rame kalaTaSi da gaatana uaniams.

Tvistomelebma rom dainaxes, uaniami surukukus gamotane-

buli kalaTiT modiso, win Seegebnen da kiTxvebi daayares:

- uaniam, Rame marTla mogaqvso?

- momaqvs, momaqvs, oRond surukukum piroba CamomarTva, Sin

misvlamde kalaTa ar gaxsnao.

magram uaniams amxanagebi ise exvewebodnen, Rame gvaCveneo,

rom manac daTmo, Tavi axada kalaTas.

gadmoqrialda kalaTidan Rame, pirveli Rame dedamiwaze da

Camowva ukuneTi.

126

SeSindnen maues tomelebi, iyvires da aqeT-iqiT gaiqc-gamo-

iqcnen.

uaniami martodmarto darCa bneleTSi da iyvira:

- sad aris mTvare, ram Caylapao?

amis Tqma da uaniams gars Semoertya surukukus mTeli na-

Tesaoba: Jarakaka, morieli, asfexa. maT gaenawilebinaT Sxami da

surukukus dam Jarakakam fexi daugesla uaniams.

mixvda uaniami, Jarakakam damgeslao da iyvira:

- gicani, Jarakaka! daica, Cemi amxanagebi samagieros gadagix-

dian!

axla ki gvelTa mTeli ojaxi daesia uaniams. mxolod ku-

timboiam Seikava Tavi – cudi xasiaTis gamo gvelebma mas Sxami

ar argunes da kbena ar SeeZlo. is dResac aras erCis maues to-

mis indielebs.

mokvda uaniami. magram erTma megobarma tani samkurnalo

foTlebis nayeniT dauzila da gaacocxla.

isev wavida uaniami surukukusTan.

axla grZeli Ramis gamorTmeva ewada: pirveli Rame Zalian

mokle iyo.

sazRaurad bevri, Zalian bevri gvelis Sxami wauRo.

surukukum moagrova qveyanaze rac talaxi da WuWyi iyo da

Jenipapas wvenSi auria, rom Rame ufro gaeSavebina.

ase gaCnda grZeli Rame.

amitomaa, Rame Zvlebi rom gvtexs da yeli gvixmeba.

ai, ambavi, rogor moupova maues tomis indielebs Rame ua-

niamma.

rarararatotototommmm arisarisarisaris RaRaRaRamemememe grgrgrgrZeZeZeZelililili

cecxlovani miwa

ZvelisZvelad Rameebi metad mokle iyo, Cvens grZel Rame-

ebs ara hgavda. erT kacs, saxelad avareubos, xels ar aZlevda

mokle Rameebi, colTan erTad hamakSi didxans surda nebivroba.

erTxel cols uTxra:

127

- rogor ar minda male gaTendes, rom didxans viwveT gver-

digverd.

colma urCia:

- wadi mamaCemTan da Ramis Zafi sTxove, maSin SeZleb, sibne-

le daagrZelo.

avareubo ewvia simamrs. simamri Sehpirda, Txovnas Segisru-

lebo. siZe im Rames iq darCa. meore diliT simamrma ori gorga-

li misca da uTxra:

- am gorgalSi Ramis Zafia, amaSi – dRisa. Sin misvlamde

arc erTi gaSalo, arc meoreo.

avareubo mobrunda sofelSi, magram sanam Sin Sevidoda, ah-

yva cTunebas da Tavisi saxlis axlos Ramis Zafi gaSala. uceb

Camobnelda, ukuni Camodga. avareubom xelis cecebiTac ki veRar

gaikvlia gza. uZaxa Tanasoflelebs, cecxli moitaneTo, magram

xma veravis miawvdina. bolos igi Ramis frinvelad gadaiqca da

gafrinda. gafrinda, dRis Zafic waiRo da dRemde veravis upovia.

ai, ratom aris grZeli Rameebi.

rarararatotototom m m m dadadadadidididis mze nels mze nels mze nels mze nel----nenenenelalalala

cecxlovani miwa

karaJas tomis erT-erTi qaliSvili, saxelad kaxerero co-

lad gahyva mdidar Sokroas. erT dRes igi tyeSi fiCxis Sesag-

roveblad gagzavnes. mzem swrafad galia ca, kaxererom ki vera-

feri Seagrova, ise SemoaRamda. atirda qali da dedas SesCivla.

- mdidars raRas gavyevi, Tu ase Cqara mamuSavebdnen? bolo

momeReba, ver gavuZleb! aiZule mze, nela iaroso.

maSin dedam Tavisi vaJi gaagzavna caSi da vaJma erTi fexi

mostexa mzes. mas mere mze nela dadis.

128

vvvvararararskvlaskvlaskvlaskvlavivivivi

brazilia

iyo erTi ymawvili biWi, erT Rames biWma caze mSvidad mo-

kiafe varskvlavs mohkra Tvali da moewona.

- samwuxaroa, rom ar SemiZlia Cems kalebasSi dagmalo, Se-

ni cqeriT mainc rom gavZRebodio, - wamoiZaxa da karga xans Ses-

cicina im mbrwyinav varskvlavs, mere erTi gulianad amoioxra da

mamakacTa sacxovrebel saxlSi dabrunda. iq mis Zmebs ukve eZi-

naT. ymawvilma daiZina da sizmarSi is saucxoo varskvlavi naxa.

SuaRamisas viRacis daJinebulma mzeram gamoaRviZa, mimoixeda da

viRac Tvalebgabrwyinebuli ucxo gogona dalanda.

- aqedan damekargeo! – uyvira moCvenebas, radgan macduri

egona.

- ratom magdeb? me xom swored is mokiafe varskvlavi var,

Sen rom kalebasSi damalvas natrobdio! – uTxra gogonam.

ymawvils jer isev SeeSinda, xma veRar amoiRo, mere gons

moego da hkiTxa:

- ki magram, am viwro kalebasSi rogor Caetevio?

- Sen dardi nu gaqvs, Cavetevio! – miugo varskvlav-gogo-

nam.

ymawvilma gaxsna kalebasi da varskvlav-gogona Sig CaZvra.

ijda gogona kalebasSi, Sehyurebda ymawvils da TvalTagan sxi-

vebs afrqvevda.

ymawvilma im dRidan mosveneba dakarga. sul tye-RreSi dae-

xeteboda da uneburad nanatr varskvlav-gogonaze fiqrobda.

erTxel, ymawvili tyeSi rom iyo wasuli, Zmebma moilapara-

kes: modi, gavexumroT da qoqosis kakali davumaloTo. mividnen

kalebasTan, erTi Zma Zirs dadga, meore ki maRla avida, rom ka-

lebasi koWebidan Camoexsna. magram gaxsna Tu ara kalebasi, erTi

ki iyvira da maSinve xeli uSva.

- Sig raRac mxeci zis da Tvalebidan cecxls afrqvevso!

orive Zma daoTxili gavarda. roca ymawvili tyidan mob-

runda, Zmebma yvelaferi uambes. igi gaujavrda Zmebs da kalebasi

isev Zvel adgilze Camohkida.

SuaRamisas varskvlav-gogona gamovida Tavis TavSesafridan.

ymawvili, marTalia, cotaTi SemkrTali iyo, magram dilamde ma-

inc tkbeboda misi simSvenieriT.

erTxel gogonam ymawvils uTxra:

129

- sanadirod erTad wavideTo!

ymawvili daTanxmda. wavidnen. karga xans iares erTad da,

bolos, bakabas palmasTan mividnen. varskvlav-gogonam ymawvils

uTxra:

- palmaze adi da nayofi Camomiyareo.

ymawvilma daujera da avida. rogorc ki palmas kenweroze

moeqca, gogonam uyvira, gamagrdio, mere Tvalis daxamxamebaSi

TviTonac xeze axta da palmas toti uSxuvla. xem zrda iwyo,

gaizarda, gaizarda da sul ufro da ufro zeviT miiwevda, vid-

re cas ar miswvda. maSin varskvlav-gogonam xe kedelze miaba da

TviTon ymawvilTan erTad caze gadaxta.

ymawvili Zalian SeSinda. mis win triali mindori iyo, kar-

ga moSorebiT raRac qoxi moCanda. varskvlav-gogonam ymawvili iq

datova da TviTon qoxSi Sevida. male ukanve dabrunda da ymaw-

vils saWmel-sasmeli moutana, Tan ubrZana, aqedan fexi ar moic-

valoo da isev wavida. uceb ymawvils monadiris bukis xma da

adamianebis yvirili Semoesma: rogorc etyoboda, iqve, sadRac ax-

los mxiaruli nadimi iyo gaCaRebuli, mRerodnen da cekvavdnen.

varskvlav-gogona dabrunda da ymawvili xelmeored gaafrTxila:

- icode, mocekvaveTa sanaxavad wasvla ar gabedoo.

magram ymawvilma ver sZlia cnobismoyvareobas, rogorc ki

qali wavida, qoxTan miipara da Sig SeiWvrita. o, rom icodeT,

iq ra dainaxa?! – qoxi savse iyo ConCxebiT. ConCxebi Tavbrudam-

xvevi siswrafiT trialebdnen, sikvdilis cekvas asrulebdnen.

Zvlebze xorcis nafleTebi ekidaT, mimqrali Tvalebi odnavRa

ubJutavdaT.

damfrTxali ymawvili maSinve gaSorda iqaurobas. male var-

skvlav-gogona gamoCnda da ymawvils gaujavrda, ratom ar dami-

jereo. mere raRac wyali moutana da aiZula ganbaniliyo, rom

mocekvaveTa cqeris dros tanze garCenili myrali laqebi moeSo-

rebina. mere isev ubrZana, aqedan fexi ar moicvaloo da wavida.

magram ramdenime nabijis gadadgmac ver moaswro, rom ymawvili

kedelze mibmul palmas mivarda da axsna. varskvlav-gogona miux-

vda ganzraxvas da daedevna, magram gvianRa iyo: ymawvilma moas-

wro palmaze totis dartyma. palmam wamsve daiwyo damokleba,

dapataravda, dapataravda, vidre iseTive ar gaxda, rogorc winaT

iyo.

daRonebuli dahyurebda varskvlav-gogona mimaval ymawvils,

mere ki CamosZaxa:

130

- amaod gamirbixar! sul male isev damibrundebio.

asec moxda. ymawvils autaneli Tavis tkivilebi dasCemda.

Zlivs moaswro mamisa da ZmebisTvis eambna, rac Tavs gadaxda da

mokvda kidec. araferma aRar uSvela.

ai, saidan Seityves indielebma, rom caSi araviTari netare-

ba ar moeliT, Tumca Tavze mudam alersiT mokiafe varskvlavebi

dascimcimeben.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndnendnendnendnen vn vn vn vararararskvlaskvlaskvlaskvlavevevevebibibibi

brazilia

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, qalebi tyeSi wavidnen

simindis mosatexad, magram TiTo-orola taros meti ver moag-

roves da daRonebulebi dabrundnen sofelSi.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg isev wavidnen tyeSi da Tan erTi pa-

tara biWic gaiyoles. axla ufro meti simindi moagroves da iq-

ve dafqves, rom nadirobidan dabrunebuli mamakacebisTvis mWadi

daexvedrebinaT.

sanam qalebi saqmiT iyvnen garTuli, patara biWma karga

blomad simindi moipara da bambukis joxis RruSi Cayara. es jo-

xi swored amisTvis wamoeRo saxlidan.

biWi dabrunda Tavis qoxSi, joxidan simindi gadmoyara da

bebias uTxra:

- qalebi tyeSi darCnen, mWads acxoben. mec gamomicxve, bebi,

mWadi, mec vWam da biWebsac vaWmevo.

dedaberma Seusrula biWs Txovna.

biWebi kargad rom gamoZRnen, dedabers ena da xelebi daaW-

res, simindi rom movipareT, aravisTan wamoscdeso. biWebma moSi-

naurebul frTaWrel TuTiyuSsac moaWres ena da galiidan gauS-

ves. mere mosdgnen da rac ki im sofelSi moSinaurebuli frinve-

li iyo, yvela gauSves, ar gagvceno, magram mainc eSinodaT ded-

mamis risxvisa.

bolos gadawyvites, sanam mSoblebi dabrundebodnen, Tavi

cisTvis SeefarebinaT. soflidan tyis piras wavidnen Citi ko-

libris sanaxavad. ixmes Tu ara, maSinve mofrinda kolibri. bi-

131

Webma sqeli Tokis cali bolo niskartSi Caudes Cits, Tokis me-

ore bolo ki fexze Seabes da uTxres:

- gafrindi da Tokis erTi bolo, niskartSi rom gaqvs, am

tyeSi mdgar yvelaze maRal lianas gamoabi, meore ki zeviT, ci-

ur tyeSi waiRe da yvelaze sqel xes gamoabio.

Citi kolibri, marTlac, ise moiqca, rogorc biWebma daari-

ges. biWebi erTimeoris miyolebiT ayvnen lianas. lianis muxlebi

kibis magivrobas uwevdaT. liana rom gaTavda, Tokze Camoekidnen.

amasobaSi mSoblebic Sin dabrundnen. Svilebi rom ar daux-

vdaT, moxucsa da TuTiyuSs hkiTxes, biWebi sad ariano. dedaber-

sa da TuTiyuSs ena ar hqondaT da aba ras etyodnen.

qalma dauZaxa sxva qalebsac da yvelani tyeSi gaiqcnen.

didxans exvewebodnen Svilebs, isev dedamiwaze dabrundiTo, mag-

ram Svilebma ar Seismines dedebis Txovna da sul maRla da maR-

la miiwevdnen.

qalebi mixvdnen, Cveni xvewna-mudara ar gasWriso da Tvi-

Tonac auyvnen lianas, liana gaTavda da axla Tokze gaixunZlnen.

biWebs yvelaze bolos simindis qurdi misdevda. cas rom

miaRwia da qveviT gadmoixeda, Tokze akinZuli qalebi dainaxa.

biWi SeSinda, fexSi xeli ar wamavlono da Toki gadaWra. qalebi

Zirs Camocvivdnen da sxvadasxva cxovelebad iqcnen.

boroti biWebic sastikad daisajnen: samudamod caSi dar-

Cnen da yovel Rame sakuTari TvaliT xedaven TavianTi dedebis

ubedurebas.

caze mokiafe varskvlavebi swored am boroti bavSvebis

Tvalebia.

lelelelegengengengendadadada ccccececececxlixlixlixlis s s s gagagagaCeCeCeCenanananazezezeze

brazilia

uZveles droSi indielebma cecxlis danTeba ar icodnen.

erTxel Seeswrnen, maimunebi cecxls rogor anTebdnen da imaTac

iswavles.

maimuni odesRac Zalian hgavda adamians: tanze bewvi ar

hqonda, naviT curavda, siminds Wamda da hamakSi iZinebda.

132

erTxel Turme maimuni da zRvis Rori navSi erTad isxdnen

da curavdnen. uceb maimunma dainaxa, rom Rori zed navis fsker-

ze RrRnida siminds.

- ei, Roro, mand nu Wam siminds, Torem navis Zirsac gamox-

rav, wyalSi Cavardebi da basrkbileba Tevzebis kerZi gaxdebio, -

uTxra maimunma.

zRvis Rorma ainunSic ar Caagdo maimunis darigeba da isev

ganagrZo RrRna. bolos da bolos Rorma marTla gamoxra navis

fskeri. navi jer wyliT aivso, mere ki gadabrunda da Rori

wyalSi Cavarda. icura, icura, magram samSvidobos mainc ver ga-

aRwia. Tevzebi daexvivnen da jijgna dauwyes, bolos sul mTlad

gadasansles. maimuni ki moxerxebulad micuravda. rogorc ki

Tevzebi wamoewivnen, erTs layuCebSi Caavlo xeli da napirze ga-

moaTria.

maimuni tyeSi saxetialod wavida. midis da miaTrevs dam-

xrCval Tevzs. iara, iara da win iaguari Semoeyara.

- gamarjoba, megobaro, - uTxra iaguarma, - albaT eg Tevzi

imisTvis daiWire, rom me da Sen erTad vinadimoTo.

- marTali xar, megobaro, Tevzi magitom daviWireo.

- eg kargia, magram Tevzis mosaxarSad cecxli sadRa viSo-

voTo?

maimunma iaguars tyis iqiT Camavali mze daanaxva da uTxra:

- ager cecxli, gaiqeci, moitane da Tevzic SevwvaTo.

mzem amasobaSi mTel tyes moafina Tavisi cecxlovani sxive-

bi.

- aba, sad aris cecxli? vera vxedavo, - ikiTxa iaguarma.

- ager, iq! xedav, ra wiTlad anTia? wadi da moitaneo.

iaguari wavida. iara, iara, magram gzas dasasruli ar uCan-

da. rac ufro win miiwevda, mze TandaTan Sordeboda. raRas

izamda. dabrunda ukan da maimuns uTxra:

- ver iqna da vera, cecxli ver vipoveo!

- ra ver ipove, gaixede, rogor brdRvialebs. Cqara gaiqeci

da ecade, axla mainc moitano, Tevzs ucecxlod xom ver Sev-

wvavTo.

iaguari xelmeored wavida cecxlis mosaZebnad. kargad rom

gaimanZila, maimunma xes ori xmeli toti Seatexa, erTmaneTs ga-

uxaxuna da cecxli gaaCaRa. mere Sewva Tevzi da SeWama. maimunma

Tevzis Zvlebi Camqral cecxlTan miyar-moyara, TviTon ki xeze

133

aZvra da iaguars daeloda. iaguari dabrunda, iqauroba moaTva-

liera, da mixvda, maimuns movutyuebivaro.

- daxeT erTi, ra miyo im aramzadam. damacados, vuCveneb se-

irs. davglej, movklav. sad damemaleba is usircxvilo isao! –

brazobda iaguari da Tan Tevzis Zvlebs xravda. mere ki saZebrad

wavida. eZeba, eZeba, magram kvals versad miagno.

iaguars stvena Semoesma. miixed-moixeda, maimuni arsad iyo.

isev Semoesma stvena. iaguarma axla zeviT aixeda da xeze wamos-

kupebuli maimuni ki dainaxa.

- megobaro, Zirs CamobrZandio! – SesZaxa iaguarma, magram

maimuni aba ras Camovidoda.

- xom geubnebodi, megobaro, Zirs Camodi-meTqi, ratom ar

mijerebo, - brazobda iaguari.

- rom Camovide, vici, momklavo.

- ara, ar mogklavo.

maimuni isev Wirveulobda. maSin iaguarma qars sTxova, da-

mexmareo da qarmac ise Ronivrad dahbera, xeebma sul aqeT-iqiT

daiwyes rweva. maimuni Zlivs imagrebda Tavs, Tan Wyioda:

- vai, vai, megobaro! sacaa Camovvardebi, xelebi aRar memor-

Cileba, miSvele Torem daviRupebio!

marTlac, maimuns jer marcxena xeli gaeSva, mere orive fe-

xi ausxlta da mxolod marjvena xeliTRa darCa totze dakide-

buli.

- megobaro, piri gaaRe, axlave Camovvardebio! – yviroda ma-

imuni.

qarma erTxel kidev dahqrola mZlavrad, maimunsac mTlad

gamoecala Rone da tots moswyda. gzaSi erTxel kidev moaswro

daeyvira:

- megobaro, piri gaaRe, ukve Camovvardio.

iaguarmac gaaRo piri da maimuni Tvalis daxamxamebaSi Se-

usrialda mucelSi.

iaguari tyuilad ilokavda tuCebs. tyuilad cdilobda

cotaTi mainc gaego maimunis gemo.

muceldamZimebuli iaguari brdRvinviT gaemarTa tyisken.

ver iyo misi saqme kargad, saRsalamaTi maimuni mucelSi ejda da

arxeinad daseirnobda aqeT-iqiT.

iaguari maimuns exveweboda:

- naklebad imoZrave, gemudarebi! wynarad iare, nu cmukavo.

134

maimuni ki yursac ar ibertyavda. piriqiT, moixsna qvis da-

na, yelze TokiT rom hqonda Camokidebuli da misdga iaguaris

gul-mucels da fatra da fatra da fatra. sulTmobrZavi iagua-

ri Zirs daeca, maimuni ki mSvidad gamobrZanda gareT. iaguari

rom mokvda, maimunma tyavi gaxada. sartyelebad daWra, Tavi Seim-

ko da sanadirod wavida.

gzaze maimuns sxva iaguari Semoxvda. iaguari maimuns jer

daJinebiT Caacqerda, mere ki SeuRrina:

- oh, Se bilwo Sena, axlave suls gagacxebinebo!

maimunma ki amayad SesZaxa:

- aba, modi da scade! erTma iaguarmac moiwadina Cemi mok-

vla, magram xom xedav, ra dRe vayareo! – da iaguaris tyavisgan

gakeTebuli Tavsamkauli uCvena. iaguars SiSisgan iseTi cieb-cxe-

leba auvarda, rom maimunze Tavdasxma ki ara, iq gaCerebac veRar

gabeda. Semotrialda da Tavqudmoglejilma mokurcxla.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda RaRaRaRamemememe

brazilia

winaT dedamiwaze mxolod dRe yofila gamefebuli. Rame

wylis siRrmeSi Tvlemda da zeviT arc ki amodioda. adamianebi,

mxecebi da mcenareebi erTmaneTisgan rodi gansxvavdebodnen: bune-

baSi yvelaferi erTnairi iyo da yvelaferi metyvelebda.

winaprebi mogviTxroben, rom odesRac didebuli gvelis

asuli SeurTavs erT axalgazrdas. am axalgazrdas sami erTgu-

li msaxuri hyolia. erTxel vaJs msaxurTaTvis uTqvams:

- aqedan wadiT, Torem Cems cols ar surs CemTan dawveso.

msaxurebi wasulan. axalgazrdas ki uxmia coli da uTxo-

via, axla mainc daweqi CemTano.

- jer Rame rom ar ariso. – upasuxia didebuli gvelis

asuls.

- Rame arc iqneba, radgan yovelTvis dRe ariso.

maSin didebuli gvelis asuls uTqvams:

- Rame mamaCems aqvs. Tu ginda, survili Seisrulo, gagzavne

msaxurebi Ramis mosatanad. iq, did mdinareSi mamaCemis saxlia.

135

rodesac irgvliv iseTive ukuni gamefdeba, rogoric wylis siR-

rmeSia, SenTan mxolod maSin davwvebio.

axalgazrdas daubarebia msaxurebi da didebuli gvelis

asulis mamasTan gaugzavnia, qoqosis kaklis naWuWi momitaneTo.

msaxurni Camsxdaran navSi da wasulan. sul male didebuli

gvelis sabrZanebels misdgomian. qalis mamas miucia magrad Sewe-

bebuli qoqosis kaklis naWuWi da gaufrTxilebia:

- aha, waiReT es kakali, oRond icodeT, naWuWi aramc da

aramc ar gaxsnaT, Torem yvelaferi daiRupebao.

msaxurni kvlav Camsxdaran navSi, wamouRiaT kakali da wa-

mosulan. gzaze qoqosis kaklis naWuWidan raRac xmebi esmodaT

Turme. “Wri-Wri, yi-yio”, es xmebi kutkaliebisa da patara gom-

beSoebis xmas mogagonebdaT. maT xom Rame uyvarT simRera.

karga manZili rom gamoucuravT, yvelaze cnobismoyvare msa-

xurs uTqvams:

- modiT, vnaxoT, ra aris am kaklis gulSi, ase ra mReri-

so!

- ar SeiZleba, rom gavxsnaT, bunebaSi yvelaferi daiRupeba.

Cqara gavcuroT! aba niCbebi marjveT mousviTo! – ubrZanebia uf-

ross.

win miiwevdnen. kaklis naWuWidan ki ganuwyvetliv esmodaT

is ucnauri xmebi.

karga Sors rom gaucuravT, navis SuagulSi Segrovilan da

Tan waRebuli muguzlebiT cecxli auguzguzebiaT. Semdeg cec-

xliT webo gaudvniaT da kakali gauxsniaT. gauxsniaT Tu ara,

irgvliv yvelaferi dabnelebula.

- daviRupebiT. didebuli gvelis asuli uTuod mixvdeba,

qoqosis kakali rom gavxseniTo, - Sewuxebula ufrosi msaxuri.

mere isev mouqneviaT niCbebi da gza gaugrZelebiaT. didebu-

li gvelis asuls ki iq, Tavis sasaxleSi, meuRlisaTvis uTqvams:

- Senma msaxurebma Rame gamouSves, dilamde movicadoTo.

ai, swored maSin, rac ki tyeSi yofila mimofantuli, mxe-

cebad da frinvelebad qceulan. xolo is, rac mdinareSi iyo mi-

mobneuli, ixvebad da Tevzebad gardaqmnilan.

Zewnis totebisgan mownuli kalaTi iaguarad qceula, xo-

lo meTevze da misi navi – gareul ixvad. meTevzis Tavi gareuli

ixvis Tavad da niskartad qceula, navi – ixvis tanad, niCbebi ki

fexebad.

136

diliT, didebuli gvelis asuls ciskris varskvlavi rom

daunaxia, meuRlisTvis uTqvams:

- Tendeba. droa dRe Ramisgan ganvacalkevoTo, - mere rome-

liRac mcenaris boWkosagan gorgali dauxvevia da ubrZanebia:

- kuJubinad iqecio!

ase gaCenila Citi kuJubina. mere didebuli gvelis asuls

TeTri Tixa auRia da CitisTvis Tavi TeTrad SeuRebia. urukus

buCqis nayofisgan ki, indielebi avadmyofobisa da avi Tvalisgan

dasacavad tans rom iRebaven, CitisTvis fexebi muqwiTlad Seu-

Rebia da uTqvams:

- kuJubin, ciskris Citad miqcevixar! dRis naTels yovel-

Tvis galobiT Sexvdebio!

xelmwifis asuls romeliRac xis boWkosgan isev dauxvevia

gorgali, zed Rvelfi dauyria da ubrZanebia:

- gareul frinvelad – mamal inambud – miqcevixar! yovel

Rame sxvadasxva dros da dilas imRerebo.

frinvelebma mas Semdeg iwyes Turme galoba. yovel maTgans

Tavisi simReris dro aqvs. magram gamTeniis win yvela erTxmad

amRerdeba, rom ufro mxiarulad gvewvios dRe.

msaxurebi Sin rom dabrunebulan, axalgazrda batons uT-

qvams:

- orgulebi yofilxarT, ar SeasruleT Cemi sityva, gaxse-

niT tukumanis kakali da Rame gamouSviT. Tqven gamo daiRupa

yvelaferi, maTTan erTad Tqvenc daiRupebiT, maimunebad iqceviT

da mTel cxovrebas xeebze gaatarebTo.

lelelelegengengengendadadada mamamamaninininiokokokokzezezeze

brazilia

zatimaresa da mis meuRles kokoteros ori Svili hyavdaT:

vaJi zokoie da gogona atiolo. mamas biWi Tavs erCivna, gogonas

ki yuradRebasac ar aqcevda. gogona rom dauZaxebda, mama mxo-

lod stveniT upasuxebda xolme. Svils erTxelac ar dalapara-

kebia.

137

sasowarkveTili atiolo Seevedra dedas, miwaSi Camfali da

yvela moisvenebTo. kokotero didxans iyo uarze, ar undoda

Svilis ucnauri survilis Sesruleba. magram atiolos daJine-

bulma Txovnam bolos mainc gaWra. qalma waiyvana Svili da qa-

laqgareT miwaSi Cafla. Cafla Tu ara, atiolo maSinve Seexvewa

dedas: amomiyvane, aq Zalian cxela, sadme trial mindorSi Camfa-

lio. dedam es Txovnac Seusrula, magram atiolom verc trial

mindorSi moisvena. Seevedra dedas, daburul tyeSi erTi ormo

amoTxare da iq gadamiyvaneo. raRas izamda deda, erT daburul

tyeSi ori ormo amoTxara da Svili iq gadaiyvana. maSin atio-

lom dedas uTxra, axla ki wadi da Tundac Cemi yvirili Semo-

gesmas, ukan aRar dabrundeo.

kokotero wavida, kargad gaimanZila, magram irgvliv sim-

Svide aravis daurRvevia. midis, midis da Svilis kivili Semoes-

ma. veRar moiTmina dedam, ukanve gamobrunda, mivida ormosTan da

iqve gaSeSda: im adgilas, sadac misi gogona iyo Cafluli, maRa-

li mwvane buCqi amosuliyo. rogorc ki miuaxlovda, buCqi dapa-

taravda da tanCis mcenared iqca.

kokoterom buCqis irgvliv balaxi gamargla. mcenare Tval-

daTval icvlida fers da sul ufro da ufro lamazi da mim-

zidveli xdeboda.

bolos kokoterom buCqi amoTxara, buCqs Zalian sqeli da

magari fesvebi aRmoaCnda. am mcenares kokoterom da misma meuR-

lem oJakore Searqves, paresis tomma ki kete uwoda. es iyo Cve-

ulebrivi manioki, romelsac saWmelad dResac xmaroben paresisa

da sxva indielTa tomebi.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda dededededadadadamimimimiwawawawazezezeze TTTTamamamambabababaqoqoqoqo, , , , sisisisiminminminmindidididi, , , , wewewewebobobobo da bda bda bda bamamamambabababa

brazilia

erTxel erTi qali, saxelad aturoarodo, qmris Sesaxved-

rad wavida. qmari nadirobidan brundeboda da Tan daWrili ana-

konda mohqonda. qali SeeSvela qmars da anakonda TviTon wamoi-

kida zurgze, magram ise mouxerxeblad aikida, rom gvelis sxeu-

lidan gamoJonili sisxli qals mucelSi CaeRvara.

138

erTxel qali xilis mosakrefad wavida. Sevida tyeSi, mwi-

fe nayofiT daxunZluli maRali xis Ziras gaCerda da naRvlia-

nad Tqva:

- netavi xils vin momikrefso.

qals gvelis sisxlidan naSobi arsebis xma Semoesma Tavisi

muclidan:

- dedilo, me aval xeze, xils me mogikrefo!

sisxli gvelis saxiT gamosrialda qalis sxeulidan da

Tvalis daxamxamebaSi acocda xeze. qalma dainaxa, rom mis Svils

adamianis saxe ar hqonda da gaqceva daapira, magram gveli wamsve

Camocurda xidan da isev mis sxeulSi gauCinarda. qali dabrunda

sofelSi da Zmebs uTxra:

- Zmebo, vaJi meyola, magram adamiani ki ar aris, ucxo su-

liao.

maSin Zmebma urCies, adeqi da isev im xesTan dabrundio.

qals Zmebic Tan gahyvnen. qali mivida mware nayofiT daxun-

Zlul xesTan da Tqva:

- xils vin momikrefso?

gveli gamoZvra qalis sxeulidan, acocda xeze da mwife na-

yofs krefa dauwyo. uceb dainaxa, rom dedamisi garboda. gveli

swrafad Camococda xidan rom dedas dasweoda, magram Zmebma mo-

imwyvdies da joxebiT mokles. mere fiCxi moagroves, didi koco-

ni daanTes da dawves.

gavida xani. erTxel Zmebi im adgilze mividnen da naxes,

rom gvelis ferflidan uruku, bambis buCqi, webovani wvenis mqo-

ne xe – kidoguru, Tambaqo da simindi aRmocenebuliyo.

Cvenma winaprebma pirvelad maSin naxes uruku, daamtvries

misi nayofi, gamoiRes Tesli, wyalTan da Taflis sanTelTan er-

Tad Seazaves, mere mcenareulis wveni moumates da wiTeli fe-

ris sazeli siTxe miiRes, am siTxiT tanis SeRebva daiwyes. bamba

rom naxes, jer gaukvirdaT, netavi, raSi gamoviyenebTo. mere ki

Tqves: modiT, misgan saxvevebi movqsovoT. saxvevebs xelebze, fe-

xebze SemovixvevTo da isrebze frTebs mivamagrebTo.

ai, ratomaa, rom orarimugus indielebi yovelgvar saxve-

vebs dRemde bambisgan amzadeben.

Cvenma winaprebma maSin Tambaqoc pirvelad naxes. mokrifes

misi foTlebi, gamoaSres, sigariseburad daaxvies da moswies, ma-

gari Tambaqo Tu iyo, kargiao, ambobdnen. rbil Tambaqoze ki

tuCs aimrezdnen, ugemuriao.

139

simindis taro pirvelad rom motexes, SeWma ver gabedes.

jer misans misces, Sen gasinjeo. xolo kidogurus xeze ki ma-

Sinve Tqves – ai, es webos xea, modiT, movagrovoT misi wveni da

tani movixatoTo.

kidogurus wvens axlac xmaroben tanis mosaxatad.

wiwiwiwiTeTeTeTelililili cccciyiyiyiyvivivivi

brazilia

erTxel Turme kaSinauas tomis soflis mcxovrebTa Soris

saSineli SimSiloba Camovarda. saWmlis namcecic ki arsad moe-

ZebnebodaT.

SimSiliT rom ar amowyvetiliyvnen, mamakacebi sakvebis sa-

Zebnelad wavidnen. sofelSi mxolod qalebi da bavSvebiRa dar-

Cnen da wyalSi azelil miwas Wamdnen.

erTxelac erTi qali wylis mosatanad mdinareze wavida.

uceb Tvali mohkra wiTel ciyvs. ciyvi iqve xeze daxtunavda.

qals arasodes enaxa aseTi ucnauri mxeci da SeSinebulma yviri-

li morTo:

- wiTelo ciyvo, wiTelo ciyvo, aqedan momSordio.

gulgaxeTqili qali gaiqca sofelSi. mivida saxlSi da mi-

wis fafa moaduRa. uceb gaixeda da misken momavali lamazi ymaw-

vili dainaxa. es ymawvili meore qalmac dainaxa da pirvels uT-

xra:

- wadi da hamaki moutane, rom am axalgazrdam CvenTan dais-

venoso.

axalgazrda Sevida qoxSi da dajda. qalma ki hkiTxa:

- vina xar da saidan modixaro?

- me mojadoebuli wiTeli ciyvi varo, - miugo ymawvilma.

- ra vqnaT, saWmeli rom araferi gvaqvs, riT gagimaspin-

ZldeT, - amoioxra qalma, - bostneuli gagviTavda da miwis fa-

fasa vWamT. simindisagan mxolod naqurCaliRa dagvrCa, bananisgan

– gamxmari kani, manioki ki sul gamogveliao.

mojadoebul ymawvils Seecoda damSeuli xalxi da Tqva:

- axlave Tqvens ojaxs bostneuliT avavsebo.

140

qalebs SeeSindaT da, aRar icodnen, ra eqnaT. maSin ymaw-

vilma xeliT aniSna, dawynardiTo. mere ki uTxra:

- nu gagikvirdebaT. mamaCemi tupa yvelafers Semisrulebs.

axla wadiT da gamxmari bananis kani, simindisa da maniokis na-

qurCali momitaneT, mere ki hamakSi CaweqiT da pirisaxe daifare-

To.

qalebma daujeres. sul male ymawvilis win bananis kanisa,

simindisa da naqurCalis mTa wamoimarTa.

qalebi hamakebSi Cawvnen. ymawvilma suli Seubera simindis

naqurCs da mwvane taroebad aqcia. bananis kani da maniokis naqur-

Cali bananad da maniokad iqca. mere ymawvilma ixmo qalebi. maT

sixarulisagan Tvalebi ubrwyinavdaT. maSinve gadaRvares miwis

fafa da sadilis momzadebas Seudgnen.

wiTeli ciyvi ki moulodnelad gaqra. mas Semdeg kaSinauas

tomis indielebi ciyvs naTesebis mfarvelad Tvlian.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda sisisisiminminminmindidididi

tropikuli tyeebi

winaT umotinis xalxma ar icoda, ra iyo simindi. erTxel

erTi qali tyeSi wavida saWmlis saSovnelad da anakondas kver-

cxebi ipova. qals egona, Citis kvercxebiao, da zurgze mokide-

bul kalaTSi Caiwyo. kvercxebi daimtvra, wveni zurgze Camoedi-

na da mucelSi Cauvida. qals male gveli SeeZina da Zalian Seuy-

varda, imitom rom misi vaJiSvili iyo. gvelma laparaki icoda.

qali sxva Svilebs umalavda gvels da nebas aZlevda, isev

mucelSi CaZvromoda. erTxel sxva Svilebma mainc dainaxes gve-

li, roca kaklisTvis xeze micocavda, da dedas hkiTxes, vin ari-

so.

qalma jer iuara, gveli arc daminaxavso, magram mere ga-

motyda, Cemi Sviliao.

vaJebi Zalian gabrazdnen da daemuqrnen dedas, Tu erTxel

kidev dagvinaxavs, ueWvelad movklavTo. gvels yvelaferi esmoda

dedis mucelSi.

141

didxans mala dedam gveli mucelSi, magram gveli erTxel

kidev wavida tyeSi kaklisTvis. iq qalis vaJebma dainaxes, mok-

les da sul nakuwebad aqcies. qali wavida tyeSida Tavisi sayva-

reli vaJiSvili ase akuwuli rom naxa, mwared atirda. moagrova

nakuwebi da damarxa. TiToeul nakuwisgan simindis Reroebi wamo-

izarda da taroebi daisxa. qalma simindis marcvali qalebs dau-

riga sofelSi. imaTac daiwyes simindis Tesva. umotinebma mas

Semdeg ician, ra aris simindi.

mamamamanininini

tropikuli tyeebi

es ambavi ZvelisZvelad moxda. erT-erTi indieli beladis

gogo daorsulda. beladi im adgilas cxovrobda, sadac axla ga-

Senebulia qalaqi santareni. mamam daifica, Suri eZia imaze, vinc

misi qoxi Seuracxyo. gamohkiTxa Svils, magram arc moferebam

gaWra, arc muqaram, saidumlo ver gamostyua. irwmuneboda, kaci

ar momkarebiao.

mama cofebs yrida, undoda Svili moekla, magram am dros

gamoCnda viRac TeTri kaci da uTxra:

- nu moklav, Seni gogo umwikvloa, arasodes arc erTi ka-

ci ar gahkarebiao.

mamam daujera da Svils sicocxle SeunarCuna.

gavida cxra Tve da daibada gogona, ulamazesi bavSvi, say-

vareli da TeTri, rogorc wylis lilia. mezobeli tomebi gan-

cvifrebaSi mohyavda mis silamazes.

saidan ar modiodnen TeTri gogonas sanaxavad. gogonas mani

daarqves. pirvel dResve daiwyo gogonam siarulic da lapara-

kic; yvelas uRimoda, magram Zalze sevdianad. erT weliwadSi ki

gardaicvala, Tumca arc uavadmyofia, arc uwvalia. saxlTan,

baRSi damarxes. winaparTa Cveulebisamebr, saflavs yoveldRe

rwyavdnen. erTxel saflavi naxevrad gaxsnili daxvdaT, Sig ra-

Rac ucxo mcenares gaexara. veravin gabeda moeglija.

mcenare male buCqad iqca. buCqi ayvavda, mere nayofi moisxa.

tyis frinvelebi am nayofiT Tvrebodnen.

142

erTxel im buCqebTan miwa gaxma da daskda. lamazi, TeTri

buCqis Ziri rom naxes, sul TeTrkaniani lamazi manis sxeuls

miamsgavses da mcenares manioka uwodes.

rorororogogogogor r r r isisisiswavwavwavwavleleleles s s s inininindidididieeeeleblebleblebmamamama TTTTafafafaflilililis ds ds ds dReReReResassassassaswawawawauuuulilililis ms ms ms mowowowowyoyoyoyobabababa

tropikuli tyeebi

erTxel aruvem, saxelganTqmulma monadirem, gaigo, TuTiyu-

Sebi sad dafrinavdnen makaos Teslis asakenkad. wavida, aZvra xe-

ze da msxverpls daudarajda. aruvem bevri TuTiyuSi mokla. sa-

Ramos, xidan rom Camodioda, dainaxa, rom xesTan iaguarebi

grovdebodnen. aruve isev xeze daimala. iaguarebi Turme Taf-

lisTvis mosuliyvnen da Cqara wavidnen. monadire sofelSi daxo-

cili TuTiyuSebiT dabrunda.

meore dResac kargad inadira aruvem xidan. saRamos isev

movidnen iaguarebi da aruvem Tavisi safari maTi wasvlis mere

datova.

erTxel Zmam sTxova aruves, miCvene, sad nadirobo. wiTeli

TuTiyuSis frTebi mosdomeboda dResaswaulze mosakazmavad.

aruvem aswavla, romel xeze asuliyo, Tan daariga, manam ar

Camoxvide, sanam iaguarebi ar wavleno.

mTeli dRe inadira aruves Zmam da ramdenime TuTiyuSi mok-

la. ucbad dainaxa, rom iaguarebi xes uaxlovdebian. Zmis darige-

bis miuxedavad, gadawyvita, erTi iaguari moekla. magram isari

ver moxvda mizanSi. iaguari xeze avida da mokla aruves Zma.

mTeli dRe eloda aruve Zmas. rom aRar dabrunda, iazra

iaguari moklavdao, da im xisaken gaemarTa. naxa, rac momxdari-

yoda Zmis sisxliT morwyul iaguaris nakvalevs mihyva. kvali

WianWvelebis budesTan gaqra. aruve Samani iyo, Cibuxi gaabola

da sulebs uxmo. mere aruve WianWvelad iqca da WianWvelebis

budeSi SeZvra. iq saxlebi dainaxa. es iaguarebis sofeli iyo.

aruve isev adamianad iqca da Zmis saZebnelad gaeSura.

aruvem dedali iaguari dainaxa. gahyva mamis saxlSi da mas-

ze daqorwinda. swored mis simamrs moekla misi Zma. simamrma

uambo aruves, misma Zmam rogor gaabraza iaguarebi.

143

aruve didxans cxovrobda iaguarebTan. iaguarebi xSirad

soflidan ramdenime dRiT midiodnen, magram yoveldRe romelime

ukan brundeboda da kalebasiT Tafli mohqonda. Taflian kaleba-

sebs iaguarebi nivnivze hkidebdnen xolme. RamRamobiT iaguarebi

am saxlTan ikribebodnen, sadac Tafli hqondaT Senaxuli, da

Zalze lamaz ucnob simReras mRerodnen.

iaguarebma bevri Tafli rom moagroves, moirTvnen da Taf-

lis didi dResaswauli gamarTes.

dilidan saRamomde mRerodnen. mocekvaveebi Taflian wyals

svamdnen. aruvem iswavla maTi cekvebi da simRerebi.

magram aruves male moenatra Tavisi tenetexareli coli

da vaJiSvili. man iaguarebs sTxova, maT sanaxavad gamiSviTo. ia-

guarebi im pirobiT daTanxmdnen, Tu col iaguarsac Tan waiyvan-

da.

col-qmari gamovida WianWvelebis budidan da tenetexaras

soflisken gaeSura. aruvem iaguar cols sTxova, Sen soflis

bolos damicade, sanam Cems tenetexarel cols vnaxavo.

tenetexarel cols Zalian gauxarda qmris mosvla da mani-

okisagan sasmeli moumzada. aruve didxans darCa masTan. bolos

mivida WianWvelebis budesTan, magram iq iaguari coli aRar da-

uxvda. WianWvelebis budeSi Casasvlelic amoeqola. aruve damden-

jerme mivida WianWvelebis budesTan, magram iaguarebis sofeli

veRar ipova. maSin adga da xalxs aswavla, rogor ezeimaT Taf-

lis dResaswauli.

is Taflis dResaswauli, rogorc axla zeimoben, xalxs

tenetexarma aruvem aswavla.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndnendnendnendnen wn wn wn wararararRvniRvniRvniRvnis Ss Ss Ss Sememememdedededeg mg mg mg mdidididinanananarererereeeeebibibibi da mda mda mda mxexexexececececebibibibi

brazilia

winaT, winaT, uxsovar droSi dedamiwaze didi wyaldidoba

iyo. bevri xalxi daixoca. wyalma mTeli dedamiwa dafara. mxo-

lod erTaderTi mwvervali krinJiJinbeRa Canda wylis zemoT.

samma tomma – kaingangam, kaiurukrem da kamem – gadawyvita ro-

gorme Tavi gadaerCinaT da krinJiJinbes mimarTulebiT gacures.

144

yovel maTgans kbilebiT TiTo muguzali eWira, rom gza kargad

gaekvlia. kaiurukrem da kamem male dakarges Zal-Rone da daix-

rCvnen. maTma sulebma mTis gulSi SeaRwies da mis wiaRSi dabi-

navdnen.

kaingangam da ramdenime kurutonma krinJiJinbes mwvervals

miaRwies. zogi mwvervalis ferdobebs Seefina, zogi ki, visac ad-

gili ar eyo, xeebze avida.

kaingangebi ramdenime dRe mSier-mwyurvalni iyvnen. wyali ar

klebulobda da ukve sikvdili elodaT. uceb, saidanRac simRera

SemoesmaT, gaixedes da uamravi sarakuri dainaxes. maT kalaTebiT

miwa mohqondaT. frinvelebma miwa wyalSi Cayares da wyalmac

cotaTi ukan daixia. maSin kaingangebi Seexvewnen sarakurebs, aC-

qardiTo. Citebma xmamaRla SemosZaxes simRera, rom Sroma gaad-

vilebodaT, Tan dasaxmareblad ixvebic ixmes. gaCaRda xalisiani

muSaoba. miwas manamde yridnen wyalSi, vidre didi vake ar gaaCi-

nes. ai, swored am vakeze dasaxldnen kaingangebi. is kaingangebi

ki, romlebmac xeebs Seafares Tavi, maimunebad gadaiqcnen. saraku-

rebi miwas mTis im mxaridan yridnen, saidanac mze amodioda, ami-

tom yvela Cveni mdinare da wyaro dasavleTisken miemarTeba. iq

ki mdinare paranas erTvian.

roca didi warRvna damTavrda, kaingangebma ser do marasTan

mdebare adgilebi daikaves. mTis gulSi dasaxlebulma kaiurukre-

sa da kames sulebma gareT gamosasvleli gzebis Zebna iwyes. bev-

ri iwvales, vidre miwis wiaRs Tavs daaRwevdnen. kaiurukres

xalxi mTis mxridan gamovida, kamesi – meore mxridan. kaiuruk-

res xalxma TavisTvis wyaros gayolebiT gaiyvana gza. aq miwa

swori da gluvi iyo. swored amis gamo aqvT kaukurukres xalxs

patara fexebi. kames xalxi ki qvian miwaze dasaxlda, maT max-

loblad arcerTi wyaro ar iyo. isini dasalev wyals kaiuruk-

res mcxovreblebs sTxovdnen. bevri siarulisgan fexebi daxeTqi-

li da Sesiebuli hqondaT. am xalxs dResac didi fexebi aqvT.

im dros, roca kamesa da kaiurukrus sulebi mTis wiaRidan

gamosasvlels eZebdnen, kaingangas xalxma kurutonebs ubrZana,

barSi wadiT da Cveni Zveli kalaTebi da kalebasebi mogvitaneTo.

kurutonebs uari ar uTqvamT. Cavidnen barad, magram sizarmacis

gamo mTaSi dabruneba SeezaraT da iqve darCnen. ai, amitom, sadac

kurutonebs waawydebiT, gaqceuli monebiviT viWerT. maT xom ka-

ingangebis sityva ar Seusrules.

145

kaiurukrebi mTis wiaRidan gamovidnen Tu ara, didi koconi

daanTes. cecxli rom minavlda, misanma kaiurukma naxSirisa da

nacrisagan iaguarebi Seqmna. mere am iaguarebs uTxra: wadiT,

tyeSi icxovreT da adamianebiTa da mxecebiT ikvebeTo! iaguarebi

maSinve RmuiliT gacvivdnen tyisken. misanma mTeli naxSiri iagua-

rebs daaxarja. tapirebi mxolod nacrisagan gamoZerwa.

- wadiT da frinvelebiT irCineT Tavio! – ubrZana man tapi-

rebs, magram misanma maT yurebi Zalian cudad miaba, amitom tapi-

rebma misi sityvebi kargad ver gaiges da SeekiTxnen, ra vqnaTo?

misani ukve sxva mxecebs Zerwavda da gulmosulma uyvira: wadiT

da foTlebiTa da totebiT ikvebeTo! axla ki gaiges, rac uT-

xres da maSinve brZanebis Sesasruleblad gaiqcnen. ai, ratom ik-

vebebian tapirebi mxolod xis foTlebiT, totebiTa da nayofiT.

misani kaiurukri ki axal mxecs Zerwavda. ukve Tendeboda da mis

jadoqrobas TandaTan Zala akldeboda. amitom siCqareSi kbilebi,

ena da brWyalebi ver gaukeTa. pirSi mxolod Txeli RlerWi Ca-

udo da uTxra: Sen marto WianWvelebiT isazrdovebo.

ai, ratom darCa WianWvelaWamia daumTavrebeli da ratom

gamoiyureba ase ucnaurad. Semdeg saRamos kaiurukrma kidev gamo-

Zerwa sxvadasxva cxoveli da frinveli. mSromeli futkaric man-

ve gaaCina amqveynad.

misani kamec Seusvenebliv saqmianobda. magram igi iseT mxe-

cebs Zerwavda, romlebsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo kaiurukris gake-

Tebul mxecebTan SebrZoleba. man gaakeTa pumu, Sxamiani gvelebi

da avi krazanebi.

kaiurukma da kamem saqme moaTaves da TavianT tomebs kain-

gangisken wauZRvnen. gzaze Seityves, rom iaguarebs sisxli uy-

varT da adamianebs Wameno, amitom gadawyvites, sul gaeJlitaT

iaguarebis modgma. gzad did mdinareze unda gadasuliyvnen. kaiu-

rukrma da kamem mdinareze Zeli gades, rogorc ki yvela meore

napirze gavida, kaiurukrma kames tomis erT-erT mkvidrs ubrZana:

- xidTan darCi da iaguarebs dauyaraule, Tu zed gamovid-

nen, Zels xeli hkari da wyalSi Cayareo.

kame dayabulda. marTlac, rogorc ki iaguarebi Zelze amo-

vidnen, kamem xeli hkra da iaguarebi wyalSi gadayara. bevri ia-

guari daixrCo. zogierTma ki moaswro ukan gadaxtoma da miwas

brWyalebiT CaebRauWa. gadarCenili iaguarebi ise sazarlad aR-

rWendnen kbilebs da Rrinavdnen, rom SeSinebulma kamem iaguarebs

146

Tavi mianeba. mas Semdeg iaguarebi marto xmeleTze ki ara, wyal-

Sic kargad grZnoben Tavs.

bolos indielebma erT trial mindors miaRwies. am min-

dorze cxovrobdnen kaingangebi. mosulebi moelaparaknen dam-

xvdurT da rCeva sTxoves, Cveni Svilebi rogorc davacolSvi-

loTo. isinic adgnen da jer kaiurukres vaJebs qalebi SerTes

colad, mere ki kames tomis vaJebs – kaiurukres qalebi. uco-

lod darCenil axalgazrdebs mxolod amis Semdeg darTes neba

kaingangebis qalebze daqorwinebuliyvnen.

ai, ratom naTesaoben erTmaneTSi kaiurukres, kamesa da kain-

gangebis tomis indielebi.

mTis ymTis ymTis ymTis yvavavavavivivivilililili

andebis mTianeTi

Svidi wlis winaT Tovli movida da mTeli dedamiwa ayvav-

da. magram sruliad moulodnelad vulkanma amoxeTqa da are-mare

ferfliT daifara. ferflma miwa gamoaSro, mosavali aRar modi-

oda. maSin saTaTbirod Seikribnen mTavari beladi da danarCeni

beladebic. uecrad, aravin icis, saidan, gamoCnda erTi kaci da

yvela da yvelaferi, Citebic ki miCumdnen.

ai, ra Tqva im kacma:

- Tqvens belads erTi qaliSvili hyavs, saxelad likeraieni

– mTis yvavili – hqvia. misi guli Caaqrobs vulkans, isev mova

Tovli da dedamiwaze isev gacocxldeba yvelaferi. magram like-

raieni mTisa da mindvris yvavilebs Soris unda mokvdes. roca

mokvdeba, vinme mamaci mkerdidan guls amouRebs da dariCinis xis

totze Camohkidebs. mere kordilierebis mwvervalidan kondori

daeSveba, daavlebs guls niskarts da vulkanSi Caagdebs.

Tqva da gauCinarda.

belads feri wauvida, es rom gaigona, magram likeraienma

daamSvida:

- nu daRondi, mami, me ar movkvdebi.

erTma mamacma kacma dakrifa rac ki mTaSi Tu mindorze yva-

vili iyo da misgan likeraienisTvis sareceli gaamzada. mere be-

147

ladma moiyvana Tavisi qaliSvili da im sarecelze daawvina. mok-

vda likeraieni. miCumdnen adamianebica da frinvelebic. mamacma

adamianma ki amouRo likeraiens mkerdidan guli da dariCinis

xis totze Camohkida. kondorma waiRo guli da vulkanSi Caagdo.

wamovida Tovli da vulkanic Caqra.

iSiSiSiStlaktlaktlaktlaksisisisiuuuuatatatatlilililisasasasa da da da da popopopopopopopokakakakatetetetepetpetpetpetlilililis vs vs vs vululululkakakakanenenenebibibibis s s s lelelelegengengengendadadada

meqsika

iStlaksiuatli – TeTri qali – yvelaze umaRlesi mTaa im

mTebs Soris, mexikos vels rom garSemortymia. imis gverdiT ki

dgas mbolavi mTa – popokatepetli. es vulkanebi iseTi maRlebi

arian, sami Statis daSorebiTac Canan.

cis fonze mkveTrad ikveTeba yinulovani TovliT dafaru-

li mTis mwvervalebi. zogjer Rrubeli faravT xolme. ganTiadi-

sas amomavali mzis sxivebi elamuneba mTebs, RamRamobiT ki mTis

mwvervalebi sibneleSi inTqmeba.

yovel Cvengans, vinc am goliaTi mTebis Ziras cxovrobs da

yoveldRe uyurebs am uCveulo silamazes, eCveneba, rom iStla

da popo, rogorc Cveulebisamebr veZaxiT maT, adamianuri Tvise-

bebisani arian. gveCveneba, TiTqos isini im legendis Seyvarebuli

gmirebi iyvnen, romelic xSirad gvsmenia da gviambia kidec maTze.

iStlaksiuatli, actekebis Zlieri mbrZanebelis asuli, mi-

si taxtisa da didebis erTaderTi memkvidre iyo. roca mamamisi

moxucda da dauZlurda, mis qveyanas mteri Semoesia. mbrZanebel-

ma saSvelad uxmo qveSevrdom tomTa umamaces Wabukebs. vinc

mters daamarcxebda, Tavis taxtsa da asuls Sehpirda. yvelaze

mamaci meomari iyo popokatepetli. mefis asulsa da popokate-

petlis didi xania uyvardaT erTmaneTi.

omi mrisxane, xangrZlivi da sisxlismRvreli gamodga. is

iyo omi unda damTavrebuliyo da gamarjvebuli popokatepetlis

Sepirebuli jildo unda mieRo, rom misma metoqeebma SemoTva-

les, popokatepetli mokleso. princesa saSinelma senma Seipyro.

verc eqimbaSebma uSveles da verc qurumebma. rac dRe gadioda,

qali dneboda da bolos sulic dalia.

148

popokatepetli rom dabrunda da princesas sikvdili Seit-

yo, lamis dardisgan gaTavda, aRar undoda sicocxle. aago maRa-

li piramida da Sig Tavisi satrfo daasvena. mis gverdiT ki Ta-

visTvis aigo piramida da anTebuli CiraRdniT mis gverdiT dad-

ga, rom qalis maradiuli Zili gaenaTebina.

gavida wlebi. Tovlma dafara princesac da mamaci Wabukic.

magram anTebuli CiraRdani ver Caaqro. igi axlac anTia, cxove-

li da Cauqrobeli, rogorc popokatepetlisa da mSvenieri prin-

cesas siyvaruli.

rererereiiiininininiriririris s s s mTa da wmTa da wmTa da wmTa da wararararRvnaRvnaRvnaRvna

Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

uxsovar dros, roca samyaro axalgazrda iyo, didi suli

Zlier ganurisxda dedamiwaze mcxovreb adamianebsa da mxecebs.

maSin is reiniris mTis yinulovan mwvervalze cxovrobda.

gabrazebiT ki imitom gabrazda, rom adamianebi da mxecebi

borotebi iyvnen da xSirad erTmaneTs Tavs esxmodnen.

did suls ewada, dedamiwaze erTi keTili kacis ojaxi da

keTili mxecebi daetovebina.

- mTis mwvervalis qvemoT Rrubeli romaa, isari styor-

cneo, - uTxra man keTil kacs. keTili kaci asec moiqca. isari

RrublebSi CaerWo.

- axla meore isari pirvelis boloSi moartyio.

meore isari pirvels boloSi moxvda da Sig CaiWeda. isro-

da da isroda kaci isrebs. isrebic erTmaneTis boloSi erWobo-

da.

ase gaiWima isrebis grZeli Toki Rrublebidan dedamiwamde.

- axla Sens col-Svils uTxari, Tokze amococdnen. aseve

uTxari keTil mxecebs. Tan Tvali geWiros, boroti mxecebi da

boroti adamianebic ar amohyvneno, - ubrZana didma sulma keTil

kacs.

marTlac, keTilma kacma cols uTxra, Tokze acocdio.

qals maTi Svilebi mihyvnen, maT Svilebs ki keTili mxecebi. yve-

la rom avida, ukan keTili kaci mihyva.

149

Rrublebze fexi rom daadga, keTilma kacma dainaxa, Tokze

boroti adamianebi, boroti mxecebi da gvelebic ki micocavdnen.

maSin adga, gamoaZro pirvelad nasroli isari da Toki gawyvita.

dainaxa, boroti mxecebi da gvelebi mTis ferdobebidan rogor

Camogordnen Zirs.

didi suli rom darwmunda, keTili adamianebi da mxecebi

uvnebelni ariano, Zlier Tavsxmas ubrZana, dedamiwas dascxeo.

mravali dRe da Rame kokispirulad wvimda. dedamiwa wyalma da-

fara; wyali reiniris mTis ferdobebs TandaTan maRla uwevda.

bolos im simaRleze miaRwia, sadac Tovli zafxulobiTac ki

ara dneba. boroti adamianebi da mxecebi sul rom amowydnen,

didma sulma wvimas ubrZana, Sewyvetiliyo, Tan keTili adamianis

ojaxTan erTad Tvals adevnebda wylis klebas. miwa rom gaSra,

didma sulma keTil kacs uTxra:

- axla SegiZlia, Seni ojaxiTa da keTili mxecebiT Zirs

Caxvideo.

keTilma adamianma col-Svili da mxecebi mTis bilikebiT

dedamiwaze Camoiyvana, rom iq dasaxlebuliyvnen, arc boroti

mxecebi SexvedriaT gzaSi da arc gvelebi. isini dResac ar arian

reiniris mTaze.

kkkkrarararateteteteriririris tba da ori s tba da ori s tba da ori s tba da ori momomomonanananadidididirererere


klamatelebis rwmeniT, krateris tbaSi yvelaze Zlieri su-

li cxovrobda. binad TiTqmis Sua tbaSi amarTuli frialo

klde hqonda, romlis gulSi gamudmebiT enTo cecxli. kldis

mwvervalze gaCenili Rrmulidan mogizgize cecxlis enebi if-

rqveoda da Savi kvamli bolqv-bolqvad ityorcneboda.

klamateli misnebi (didi suli mxolod maT aZlevda tbas-

Tan misvlis uflebas) ambobdnen, wyali uzarmazar RrmulSi

dgas, romelic dedamiwis gulisaken midiso.

“es Rrmuli casaviT Rrma da uZiroa, - hyvebodnen isini, -

mis irgvliv Semortymul mTebs Sors aqvT fesvebi gadgmuli mi-

waSi, mwvervalebi ki Rrublebs swvdebian. Rrmuli wyliT aris

savse. uZiro, imaze uZiro wyliT aris savse, vidre mis zedapir-

150

ze areklili zeca. mravali wlis win am Rrmulidan gamovidnen

Cveni winaprebi. isini miwis gulidan cecxlsa da kvamls gamoh-

yvnen. axla klamatelebi rom ixocebian, maTi sulebi tbis Sua-

gulSi patara mTas ubrundebian”.

misnebi drodadro adiodnen xolme tbasTan, rom didi su-

lisTvis rCeva ekiTxaT. Tan iq samkurnalo balaxebs eZebdnen, iq-

ve poulobdnen avi sulebis sawinaaRmdegoo avgarozebs, iq xvde-

bodnen gardacvalebulTa sulebs da maTi ambavi SinaurebTan mih-

qondaT. borot adamianTa sulebi kvamlsa da orTqlSi trialeb-

dnen tbis SuagulSi amoziduli kldis Tavze. cdilobdnen, Tavi-

anTi wilxvedri sasjelisTvis Tavi daeRwiaT, magram didi suli

gamudmebiT abrunebda ukan.

imaT sulebs, vinc alalmarTlad icxovres, SeeZloT ro-

gorc undodaT, ise emxiarulaT, efrinaT tbaze, mTidan mTaze,

xevebze. zogierTi tbaze kanoebiT dacuravda da Tevzs iWerdnen,

zogni – frinvelebiviT dastrialebdnen tbas da erTi mTis

mwvervalidan meoreze dafrinavdnen, zogic – tyeSi nadirobda

irmisa da daTvis sulebze.

es yvelaferi uxucesebma mouTxres TavianT xalxs. didi

sulis kanoni ambobso: uxucesTa garda arcerTi kaci ar unda

gaekaros micvalebulTa saxls da didi sulis sacxovrebel ad-

gils. Tu vinmem es kanoni daarRvia, sikvdili ar ascdeba da misi

suli kldis SuagulSi abrialebul maradiul cecxlSi moxvde-

bao.

yvela klamatels sjeroda misnebis, magram ori monadire

mainc gamoCnda iseTi, rom ar irwmunes maTi sityva. es monadire-

ebi yvelaze mZvinvare mxecebs xocavdnen tyeebSi, yvelaze Zlieri

meomrebis skalpebi ekidaT sartylebze. maT yvela mteri daamar-

cxes da ukve aRaravisi SiSi aRara hqondaT. hoda, am monadireeb-

ma moiwadines, wasuliyvnen da sulebis is wminda adgili enaxaT.

monadireebma datoves klamatis tbis axlo mdgari TavianTi

qoxebi da tyis bilikebiT Seuyvnen mTaTa mwvervalebs, romlebic

maTi gadmocemis mixedviT icodnen, tbas uzarmazari Tasis napi-

rebiviT Semortymodnen. didxans mifofxavdnen monadireebi sulTa

samyaros ferdobebze. Tumca yurebSi edgaT uxucesTa gafrTxi-

leba, mainc gabedulad miiwevdnen win.

bolos, bolos, rogorc iyo, tyis napiras gavidnen da Za-

lian dabla lurji tba dainaxes. yvelaferi ise iyo, rogorc

uxucesni ambobdnen. tbis zedapirze da mis irgvliv modaraje

151

mTebze sulebi CitebiviT dafrinavdnen, erTmaneTs mxiarulad eZ-

axdnen, maTi xma frinvelTa galobas hgavda. tbidan amoziduliyo

patara mTa. misi mwvervalis napralidan cecxlis enebi da kvam-

lis bolqvebi ityorcneboda. kvamlidan sicocxleSi Cadenil da-

naSaulTa gamo dasjil sulTa yvirili ismoda. uxmod Cascqe-

rodnen monadireebi tbas da Tvali ver moewyvitaT. ise idgnen,

TiTqos kldes Seezardneno. amasobaSi, sanam monadireebi idgnen

da gaocebulebi iyurebodnen, didma sulma Tvali Seaswro da

tbidan amovida, uxmo tbis Ziras gawolil urCxuls da kldeze

mdgar im or monadireze miuTiTa.

arwivis uswrafesad gaqanda urCxuli monadireebisaken.

tbis piras micurda Tu ara, monadireebs Tavze daacxra da erT-

erTi brWyalebSi moiqcia. waiRo gulgaxeTqili monadire da

mTisken gacurda.

meore monadire Tavqudmoglejili gaiqca ukan. damfrTxali

iremiviT mixtoda mTis ferdobze da ganrisxebuli sulTa brboe-

bi miacilebda. monadire sulmouTqmelad Sevarda sofelSi da

xalxs uambo, rom ar daujera misnebsa da did suls, rom ur-

Cxulma amxanagi mostaca. daamTavra Tu ara Txroba, monadire da-

eca da mokvda. ai, ase axda didi sulis winaswarmetyveleba. gar-

dacvlili monadiris suli tbidan amoziduli patara mTis Sua-

gulSi abrialebul cecxlSi Cavarda.

klamatis xalxi arasodes iviwyebda, rac im or monadires

gadaxda Tavs. mas Semdeg sul ramdenime kacma Tu gabeda im tbis

silurjeSi Caxedva, romelsac axla krateris tbas eZaxian.

sasasasaiiiidadadadan n n n momomomodidididis ps ps ps pototototlalalalaCiCiCiCi


erTxel erTi soflis maxloblad, okeaneze, ucnauri frin-

veli gamoCnda. axalgazrda indielebi napirze gamovidnen, rom

isrebiT ganegmiraT, magram veravin moaxvedra mizanSi.

oqros arwivis msaxuri cisferi Cxikvi yovel diliT uyu-

rebda, rogor cdilobdnen monadireebi ucnauri frinvelis mok-

vlas.

152

erTxel oqros arwivma Tqva:

- am mSvenier frinvels Cemi Svilebi daiWereno.

- o, ara, Tqven xom sul qalebi gyavTo, - swrafad miugo

Cxikvma.

oqros arwivis qalebi usmendnen am saubars, magram araferi

uTqvamT.

meore diliT ori umcrosi da tyeSi wavida da saRamomde

iq darCnen. amis Semdeg ramdenime dRe zedized iares tyeSi, mag-

ram aravis uTxres, iq ras akeTebdnen.

Tumca isini qalebi iyvnen, warmoidgineT, rom tyeSi isrebsa

Tlidnen! erTxel ki dilauTenia wavidnen tyeSi da rac isari

daamzades, wamoiRes. sofelSi rom Sediodnen, TavianTi kanoebiT

okeaneze micuravdnen da isrebs uSendnen ucnaur frinvels.

qalebma, aravin gvicnoso, garegnoba Seicvales da saxeze

Tmebi Camoiburdes. mere okeanis gaswvriv gacures da Cits mie-

parnen. ufrosma dam mesame isris gasrolaze mokla igi.

saRamos qalebma mamas uTxres:

- ucnauri frinveli movkaliT da tyeSi davmaleT. gvinda,

rom misi Wrel-Wreli frTebi saCuqrad davarigoT. cisfer

Cxikvs xom ar ubrZaneb, xval yvela frinveli dagvipatiJoso?

diliT cisferi Cxikvi frinvelebis dasapatiJeblad gaeSu-

ra. male oqros arwivis saxli frinvelebiT aivso.

- Cemma Svilebma ucnauri WrelfrTiani frinveli mokles.

axla undaT, yvelas saCuqrebi dagirigoTo, - uTxra maT maspin-

Zelma.

gogoebma, marTlac, frinvelebs nair-nairi frTebi dauri-

ges. mindvris torolas yviTeli da yavisferi frTebi aCuqes,

gulwiTelas – wiTeli da yavisferi, WinWraqas – yavisferi,

skvinCas – yviTeli da Savi. da ase, yvelas Tav-Tavisi Sesaferi

bumbuli misces.

mas aqeT frinvelebs sxvadasxvanairi frTebi aqvT. potla-

Cic aqedan modis.

es iyo pirveli potlaCi. stumrad miwveulebma maspinZlisa-

gan maSin pirvelad miiRes saCuqrebi.

153

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndnendnendnendnen an an an adadadadamimimimiaaaanenenenebibibibi da da da da sasasasaiiiidadadadan wn wn wn wararararmomomomoiSiSiSiSvnevnevnevnen n n n ininininkekekekebibibibi

andebis mTianeTi

amboben, yvela suldgmuli, adamianic da cxovelic, war-

Rvnis dros daiRupa, wyalma yvelaze maRali mTebic ki dafarao.

gadarCa mxolod erTi mamakaci da erTi qali, romlebsac Turme

kidobanisTvis SeefarebinaT Tavi. roca wyalma iklo, qarma kido-

bani kuskodan samocdaaTi ligaTi daSorebul uanakosTan gariya.

yovelive arsebulis Semqmnelma maT ubrZana, am adgilas darCeni-

liyvnen da mitimaed qceuliyvnen.

tiauanakoSic RmerTma Seqmna iqauri tomebi. saTiTaod Zer-

wavda Tixisgan TiToeuli tomis TiTo-TiTo kacs da im tansac-

melsac axatavda, romlebic maT unda etarebinaT. visac grZeli

Tma unda hqonoda, grZel Tmas ukeTebda, visac SekreWili – imaT

mokleTmians Zerwavda. TiToeul am xalxs man misca Tavisi ena,

simRerebi, saWmeli da Tesleuli.

roca Semoqmedma es samuSao daasrula, yovel maTgans –

qalsa Tu kacs, – suli STabera, gaacocxla da ubrZana, miwaSi

CamZvraliyvnen. mere ki TiToeuli tomi im adgilas gamovida mi-

widan, sadac nabrZanebi hqonda.

amboben, zogi gamoqvabulidan gamovida, zogi – mTa-gorebi-

dan da wyaroebidan, zogic xeebidano. gamovidnen da daiwyes gam-

ravleba. is adgilebi ki, saidanac isini warmoiSvnen, Tayvanisce-

mis adgilebad iqca. TiToeulma xalxma aq daayena Tavisi uaka da

tansacmliT Semosa isini.

gadmogvcemen, TiTqos is pirveli adamianebi, im adgilebSi

rom daibadnen, iqve qvebad gadaiqcneno. sxvani ki amboben, Sevar-

dnebad, kondorebad da sxvadasxva frinvelebad Tu cxovelebad

gadaiqcneno. amitomacaa, rom sxvadasxva xalxs sxvadasxvagvari

uaka hyavs.

amboben, Semoqmedi tiauanakoSi cxovrobdao da amitom aris

iq gansacvifrebeli, didebuli nagebobani. am Senobebze indielTa

tansacmelebia gamosaxuli. bevria qvis kacebi da qalebi. isini

urCobisaTvis gaaqvavao Semoqmedma.

gadmogvcemen, manamde mze ar iyo da qveynierebaze sibnele

mefobdao. Semoqmedma ki mzec gaakeTa, mTvarec, varskvlavebic da

ubrZana, iqve axlos mdebare kunZul titakaze wasuliyvnen, raTa

mere iqidan zecaSi afreniliyvnen. imasac amboben, roca adamianis

saxis mbrwyinavi mnaTobi zecisken miemarTeboda, man mouxmo in-

154

kebsa da maT belad manko kapaks da uTxra: „Sena da Seni STamo-

mavloba ibatonebs da mraval xalxs daipyrobs. miguleT mamad,

Tqven ki Cemi Svilebi iqnebiT, pativi meciT, rogorc sakuTar ma-

maso“. esa Tqva da manko kapaks warCinebis niSnebi da iaraRebi

uboZa. wuTic da mzem, mTvarem da varskvlavebma Tav-TavianTi ad-

gilebi daikaves caze.

xolo manko kapaki, rogorc Semoqmedma ubrZana, Tavisi da-

ZmebiT CaeSva da pakarai-tambos gamoqvabulidan gamovida (Tumca

imasac amboben, sxva xalxebic am gamoqvabulidan gamovidneno).

aqedanve amovida pirveli mze, roca Semoqmedma erTmaneTisgan ga-

TiSa dRe da Rame.

ai, ratom uwodeben inkebs mzis Svilebs da ratom scemdnen

isini Tayvans mzes.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaCaCaCaCndandandanda mze da mTmze da mTmze da mTmze da mTvavavavarererere

meqsika

amboben, winaT dedamiwaze naTeli dRe ar iyoo. erT dRes

RmerTebi Seikribnen teotihuakanSi da gamarTes bWoba, romeli

gaanaTebda msoflios. RmerTma tekukisekatlma Tqva:

- msoflios me gavanaTebo.

isev gamarTes bWoba RmerTebma da meorejer ikiTxes, kidev

xom aravis surs, msoflio gaanaToso. erTmaneTs gadaxedes, mag-

ram aravin gamoCenila mamaci: yvelas SeeSinda da uari Tqva.

erTi RmerTi, romelsac cudi avadmyofoba sWirda da yve-

las ejavreboda, ijda da xmas ar iRebda, sxvebis naTqvams ismen-

da mxolod. RmerTebi miutrialdnen da mas hkiTxes:

- nanauacin, Senc Tanaxma xaro?

igi maSinve daemorCila da Tqva:

- Tqvens winadadebas did mowyalebad vRebulob, Tqveni neba

iyoso.

orive amorCeuli RmerTi maSinve monaniebis ceremonials

Seudga, rac oTx dRes gagrZelda. cecxli gaaCaRes mTaze, ro-

melsac teoteskalis – RmerTebis mTas eZaxian. RmerTma tekuki-

sekatlma Seswira Zvirfaseuloba: yvavilebis nacvlad kecalis

mSvenieri frTebi miitana: Calis burTebis magier – oqros sfe-

155

roebi. agavis eklebis magivrad, romliTac sisxli unda daeRvara,

- Zvirfasi qvebis bunikebi da wiTeli niJaris eklebi. misi Sewi-

ruli kopalic yvelaze saukeTeso iyo.

avadmyofma RmerTma nanauacinma totebis magivrad lerwmis

cxra Rero miitana, Calis burTebi da misive sisxlnapkurebi aga-

vis eklebi, kopalis magierad ki – Tavisi wylulebis fufxi da

Cirqi.

orive RmerTisaTvis aages piramida. oTxi dRe da oTxi Rame

dahyves aq locvasa da marxulobaSi. roca daTqmulma dReebma

ganvlo, am adgilis garSemo mohfines orive RmerTis Sesawiravi

totebi da yvavilebi.

meore dRes, SuaRame gadavida Tu ara, rituali unda dawye-

buliyo. tekukisekatls frTebisagan damzadebuli mSvenieri tan-

sacmeli da TeTri, rbili qsovilis kurtaki moutanes. nanauaca-

nis Tavze qaRaldis qudi daaxures, saTeZoe Semoartyes da qa-

Raldis mosasxami moasxes.

SuaRamisas RmerTebi oTxi dRis danTebul cecxls Semoex-

vivnen. mere gaiyvnen da cecxlis orive mxares or mwkrivad Ca-

rigdnen. rCeulni win gamovidnen da cecxlis pirispir dadgnen

RmerTebis mwkrivebs Soris. tekukisekatls rom miuaxlovdnen,

RmerTebma SesZaxes:

tekukisekatl, cecxlSi Caxti!

tekukisekatlma scada cecxlSi Caxtoma, magram cecxli Za-

lian didi iyo. RmerTs SeeSinda cecxlisa da ukan daixia. moik-

riba vaJkacoba da kidev scada cecxlSi Caxtoma, magram axlos

rom mivida, mainc ver gaebeda. tekkisekatlma oTxjer scada cec-

xlSi Cavardna, magram amaod, Cveuleba ki ukrZalavda metjer

cdas.

maSin RmerTebma nanauacanis SesZaxes:

- nanauacan, axla Sen scade!

am sityvebis warmoTqma Zlivs moaswres rom nanauacinma Za-

la moikriba, Tvalebi daxuWa da cecxlSi gadaeSva. iseTi tkaca-

ni ismoda, gegonebodaT, raRacas xrakaveno. tekukisekatlma rom

dainaxa, meore RmerTi Caxta cecxlSi da iwviso, gaqanda da Tvi-

Tonac Cavarda.

amboben, cecxlSi arwivic Camxtara da frTebi imitom aqvs

Savio. mere cecxlSi iaguaric moxvedrila, magram ar damwvara,

mxolod tyavi Seetrusa. amitom aqvs iaguars tyavze muqi da ba-

ci laqebi.

156

danarCeni RmerTebi ki isxdnen da elodnen, radgan swamdaT,

rom nanauacini male avidoda caSi. didxans elodnen. bolos ca

wiTlad gadanaTda da momlodine RmerTebma ganTiadi dainaxes.

maT muxli moiyares da mzed gadaqceul nanauacinis daelodnen.

Tumca RmerTebma isic ar icodnen, saidan gamoCndeboda mze. zogi

CrdiloeTisaken iyureboda, zogi samxreTisaken. mTel horizonts

gahyurebdnen, radgan sinaTle yoveli mxridan Canda, zogierTi

RmerTi aRmosavleTidan iyureboda da amtkicebda, mze aqedan amo-

vao. isini marTlebi gamodgnen.

mze rom amovida, alisferi iyo da irxeoda. mis kaSkaSa

sxivebs Tvals veravin gausworebda. sxivebi swrafad aRwevda

yvelgan. male amovida mTvarec, isic aRmosavleTidan. iseve moy-

vnen erTmaneTs, rogorc RmerTebi cecxlSi Cacvivdnen. amboben,

mze da mTvare maSin erTnairad kaSkaSebdneno. RmerTebma SeamCnies

es da daiwyes bWoba: ra vqnaT? isini sxvadasxvanairad unda ana-

Tebdneno. ifiqres, ifiqres da bolos Tqves: ai, ras vizamTo! –

erTi gaiqca da tekukisekatls saxeSi kurdReli esrola. mTvare

Cabnelda, dakarga brwyinvaleba da iseTi gaxda, rogorsac axla

vxedavT.

acurdnen mze da mTvare maRla da uZravad gaCerdnen. isev

Seqmnes RmerTebma bWoba: „SegviZlia ase cxovreba? mze erT adgi-

las dgas. modi, yvelani erTad davixocoT, rom Cvenma sikvdilma

acocxlos es mnaTobebi!”

erT RmerTs, saxelad Solotls, ar undoda sikvdili da

sxvebs uTxra: `RmerTebo, me ar minda sikvdili!” daiwyo tirili

da manamde itira, sanam Tvalebi ar gadmoscvivda. am dros qarma

daqrola da RmerTebs sicocxle waarTva. roca RmerTebis mkvle-

li qari Solotls miuaxlovda, RmerTi gaiqca, simindSi daimala

da im orReroiani mcenaris taroebad iqca. aseT mcenares glexe-

bi axla Solotls eZaxian. roca simindis taroebi ipoves, So-

lotli isev gaiqca da agavis Ziras daimala. iq orReroian aga-

vad iqca. mas axla Solotls eZaxian. agavaSic rom ipoves, wyal-

Si Caxta da Tevzad iqca. am Tevzs axla Solotls eZaxian. bo-

los qarma uwia RmerTs da mokla.

RmerTebi daixocnen, magram mze mainc uZravad idga. maSin

qarma ise swrafad dabera, ise daqrola, rom uZravi mnaTobi da-

iZra da Tavis gzas gaudga. mTvare isev Tavis adgilas idga, igi

mxolod maSin daiZra, roca mzem daasrula Tavis gza. ase gaiy-

157

vnen isini da mas Semdeg sxvadasxva dros gamoCndebian xolme.

mze mTeli dRea caze, mTvare ki mxolod RamiT anaTebs.

amboben, tekukisekatli mze iqneboda, cecxlSi pirveli rom

Cavardniliyo, radgan RmerTebma igi pirvelad airCies da ceremo-

niis dros Sesawiravadac Zvirfaseuloba miitanao.

rorororogogogogor ubr ubr ubr ubiZiZiZiZgegegeges cass cass cass cas


upirveles yovlisa, Semqmnelma Tu gardamqmnelma, samyaro

Seqmna. pirvelad Seqmna aRmosavleTSi. Semdeg nel-nela gamoemar-

Ta dasavleTiT. gzad yvelafers qmnida da aCenda. mravali ena

moitana Tan da Tavisive Seqmnil xalxs sxvadasxva enas aZlevda.

piujet saundamde rom mivida, ise moewona iqauroba, was-

vla aRar indoma. magram jer kidev bevri ena rCeboda dasarigebe-

li. aiRo da iqve daariga piujet saundis axlomaxlo da cota

CrdiloeTiT, mdinaris sanapiroze. amitomaa, rom piujet saundis

miwa-wyalze mosaxle indielebi amden enaze laparakoben.

xalxs erTmaneTTan dalaparakeba uWirda, magram male mix-

vdnen, rom Semqmnelis dalagebuli samyaro ar moswondaT, ca me-

tismetad dabla iyo da maRali kaci Tavs urtyamda. zogjer ki

xeze asuli kaci ciur samyaroSi xvdeboda.

erTxelac yvela tomis brZeni erTad Seiyara da gamarTes

bWoba, rogor aewiaT ca. gadawyvites, SevudgeT da xeli wavkra-

To.

- Cven SegviZlia, ca avwioT, - Tqva sabWoze erTma Zalian

brZenma indielma. – Tu erTdroulad vkravT xelebs, yvelani un-

da SevikriboTo, adamianebica da nadir-frinvelebico.

- rogor gavigoT, rodis vkravT xels? – ikiTxa meore

brZenma. – erTni ager vcxovrobT, meoreni iqiT. sxvadasxva enaze

vlaparakobT. rogor movaxerxoT, rom yvelam erTdroulad hkras

xeli caso?

mTeli sabWo Cafiqrda. bolos erT-erTma brZenma Tqva:

158

- signali moviSvelioT. xelis wakvris dro rom mova, vin-

mem iyviros ìa-hu”. es yvela Cvens enaze niSnavs àba, erTad!” da

cas vubiZgebTo.

sabWos brZenma wevrebma Seatyobines yvela xalxs, nadirsa

da frinvels, rodis aewiaT ca. yvelam moimaraga alvis xis uS-

velebeli Woki, rom ca aewiaT.

dadga cis awevis dRe. yvelam daiWira Woki da Seuyenes

cas. brZenma daiyvira: ìa-hu!” yvelam ubiZga da cam cotaTi ai-

wia. ìa-hu!” daiyvira brZenma xelaxla, isev yvelam ubiZga cas,

cac iwevda da iwevda. manamde ubiZges, sanam iq ar dadga, sadac

dResaa. mas Semdeg aRaravis aurtyams Tavi cisTvis da aRaravin

moxvedrila ciur samyaroSi.

iyvnen iseTebic, vinc ar icoda, rom cas maRla swevdnen.

magaliTad, sami monadire zedized ramdenime dRe oTx dombas

dasdevda. da swored im dros, roca kaci da qali, cxoveli da

frinveli cis asawevad mzad iyvnen, dombebica da monadireebic im

adgilas moewyvnen, sadac ca TiTqmis dedamiwas uerTdeboda.

dombebi gadaxtnen ciur samyaroSi da monadireebic Tan mihyvnen.

cam rom aiwia, dombebica da monadireebic Tan gahyvnen.

iq, ciur samyaroSi varskvlavebad iqcnen. Rame axlac Canan.

monadireebi didi daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis CamCis tarad iqcnen.

SuaTana monadires ZaRli axlda; es ZaRli axla patara

varskvlavia. oTxi domba – didi daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis CamCa.

iseTebic iyvnen, TavianTi kanoeTi ciur samyaroSi rom amoh-

yves Tavi. iq moxvda ori kanoe, sam-sami kaciT, da patara Tev-

zic. monadireebica da patara ZaRlic, dombebica da Tevzic, ada-

mianebica da kanoebic, yvela varskvlavebad iqca da axlac iq

arian.

Cven ki dRemde vyviriT ìa-hu!” roca raime Znel tvirTs

veWidebiT. magaliTad, roca kanoes maRla vwevT. vityviT, `hu”-s

da mTel Zal-Rones vikrebT. sityvis am nawilis Tqmisas Cveni

xma ufro mkveTrdeba, ù”-s ki vagrZelebT, amitom Cveni SeZaxi-

li Zalian gabmulad ismis: ìa-hu-u!”

159

rorororogogogogor r r r momomomoiiiipapapaparerereres as as as adadadadamimimimiaaaanebnebnebnebmamamama ccccececececxlixlixlixli

brazilia

uZveles droSi kavaibis tomis mkvidrni sakvebs mzeze ax-

mobdnen Turme, cecxli jer ar hqondaT.

kavaibis tomis beladi, moxerxebuli da Wkviani baira er-

Txel “saeSmakod” tyeSi wavida. kavaibis indielTa Soris eSmako-

bad iseTi oinis Cadena iTvleboda, rac rame sasargeblos miscem-

da xalxs, rame axals aswavlida.

baira Caimarxa WianWvelas budeSi da Tavi moimkvdaruna.

uceb saidanRac leSis buzi gaCnda da, cxedari dainaxa Tu ara,

maSinve gafrinda, rom es ambavi Savi faskunjisTvis – urubus-

Tvis Seetyobinebina.

im dros cecxlis mflobeli mxolod urubu iyo. mas cec-

xli frTebqveS hqonda amofarebuli da mudam Tan daatarebda.

urubum moismina buzis naambobi, frTa gaSala da Tavisi

col-SviliT dedamiwaze Camofrinda. es frinveli Zalian hgavda

adamians. maSin Turme xelebic ki hqonia. urubum xorcis Sesawva-

vad xarixa gaakeTa, qveS cecxli SeunTo da Svilebs ubrZana,

uyarauleTo.

patara faskunjebi fxizlad darajobdnen cecxls. uceb Se-

amCnies, rom mkvdari Seirxa. es ambavi urubus uTxres, urubum

ar daijera, mogCvenebiaTo. mere Svilebs ubrZana, cxedars buzi

rom axvevia, mSvild-isriT daxoceTo. amasobaSi cecxli kargad

gaCaRda, bairasac swored es undoda: Tvalis daxamxamebaSi wa-

moxta, daavlo cecxls xeli da gaitaca. urubu col-SviliT

ukan gamoudga. baira xis fuRuroSi SeZvra da daimala. urubu

da misi col-Svilic apirebdnen fuRuroSi Sesvlas, magram baira

fuRuros meore mxridan gaZvra da TavpirismtvreviT gairbina

xSiri bambukis Wala. urubum sdia, sdia, magram ver daewia. bai-

ram es Walac gadaWra da Zalian did mdinares miadga, mdinaris

gaRma kavaibis tomi eloda. saocnebo cecxls bevri, Zalian bevri

xalxi ucdida. beladi ki idga da fiqrobda, mdinareze cecxli

rogor gadavitanoo.

ifiqra, ifiqra da bolos wylis gveli ixmo. cecxli zur-

gze daado da meore napirisaken gagzavna.

wylis gveli Zalian swrafia, talRebze isariviT gasrial-

da, magram vidre Sua mdinaremde miaRwevda, cecxlma dawva. maSin

bairam moimarjva kambito – bolokauWiani grZeli joxi (aseT

160

joxebs mudam Tan daatarebdnen kavaibis tomis mkvidrni) – da

cecxli isev Tavisken moacura. mere sxva gvelebi gaagzavna meore

napirisken, magram vercerTma ver miaRwia mdinaris meore napirs,

Sua mdinaremde micuravdnen da ixrukebodnen. baira kambitos

daxmarebiT isev ukan ibrunebda cecxls. amis Semdeg bairam kibo

daiWira, daado cecxli zurgze da wyalSi SeuSva. kibom Zlivs

miaRwia Sua mdinaremde, mere ki veRar gauZlo cecxls da daiw-

va.

bairam isev miiwoda cecxli, mere ki kiborCxala daiWira,

daado cecxli zurgze da gauSva. kiborCxalamac Zlivs miaRwia

Sua mdinaremde, isic kibosaviT daiwva. bairam daibruna cecxli,

axla wylis qaTams daado zurgze da gauSva. wylis qaTami Zali-

an swrafia, uceb miaRwia Sua mdinares, magram Sua mdinareSi

isic daiwva. maSin bairam didi gombeSo – kururu daiWira. gom-

beSom xtunva-xtunviT miaRwia meore napirs, sadac kavaibis tomi

cecxls eloda, magram wyalSi mgzavrobisas isic ise daiqanca,

cocxalmkvdariviT iyo, da napirze asvla ver SeZlo. kavaibis

xalxma kambito SeaSvela da napirze aiyvana. mere cecxli aiRes

da TavianT did saxlSi waiRes. im saxlSi mTeli kavaibis tomi

erTad cxovrobda.

baira ki am dros mdinaris gaRma idga da fiqrobda, am si-

gane mdinare swrafad rogor gavcuroo. magram baira xom jado-

qari iyo. brZana da mdinare daviwrovda. mere iskupa da erTi

naxtomiT zed gadaevlo.

ase moipova kavaibis tomma cecxli. im dRidan iswavla am

xalxma Tevzisa da frinvelis Sewva xarixaze.

kokokokoiiiiooootitititi da da da da ararararwiwiwiwivivivivi ggggarararardacdacdacdacvlilvlilvlilvlilTaTaTaTa qqqqveveveveyayayayananananaSiSiSiSi


erTxel, qveynad mxolod cxovelTa naTesavi rom cxovrobda,

koiotma Zlier moiwyina, radgan xalxi ixoceboda da sulebis

qveyanaSi saxldeboda. mowyenili koioti imaze fiqrobda, gar-

dacvlilebi cocxalTa qveyanas rogor davubrunoo. TviTon koi-

ots da hyavda mkvdari da ramdenime megobari. Turme arwivsac

161

mokvdomoda coli, Zalian dardobda da sul tiroda. nugeSi rom

eca, koiotma arwivs uTxra:

- gardacvlilebi samudamod rodi darCebian micvalebulTa

qveyanaSi. isini foTlebiviT arian, Semodgomaze rom cvivian xee-

bidan damWknari, gayviTlebulni, usicocxloni. dabrunebiT ki

kvlav dabrundebian, roca balaxi abibindeba da Citebi aWikWikde-

bian, kvirtebi daiberebian da daskdebian, yvavilebi gaifurCqnebi-

an, ai, maSin dagvibrundebian micvalebulnio.

magram arwivs ar surda, gazafxulamde ecada. undoda, dau-

yovnebliv gacocxlebuliyvnen mkvdrebi. ra meti gza iyo, adgnen

koioti da arwivi da gaudgnen micvalebulTa qveynis gzas. koio-

ti mirboda, arwivi ki mis zemoT mifrinavda. bevri iares Tu co-

ta, erT uzarmazar wyalsatevs miadgnen. gaRma napirze uamravi

saxli moCanda.

koiotma gasZaxa:

- ei, navi gamogzavneT da gamosvla gviSveleTo!

aravis upasuxia.

- iq aravinac ar aris, tyuilad gamoviareT amxela gza, -

Tqva arwivma.

- ara, maT sZinavT, - auxsna koiotma, - mkvdrebs dRisiT sZi-

navT, RamiT ki fxizloben. daRamebas unda davelodoT.

mze rom Cavida, koiotma simRera wamoiwyo. male saxlebidan

oTxi suli gamovida, Casxdnen navebSi da maTken gamoemarTnen. ko-

ioti ki ganagrZobda simReras. mas sulebic ahyvnen, simReris

taqts niCbebi aayoles. Tumca navi uniCbodac micuravda – Tavi-

siT mosrialebda wylis zedapirze.

roca sulebi napirs miadgnen, koioti da arwivi Casxdnen nav-

Si da yvelani gaRma napirisken gaemarTnen. micvalebulTa kun-

Zuls rom miuaxlovdnen, dafdafebis griali da sacekvao musikis

xmebi moesmaT.

- saxlSi nu SexvalT, - gaafrTxiles isini sulebma, roca

napirs miadgnen. – nurc aqeT-iqiT daiwyebT mzeras. Tvalebi da-

xuWuli gqondeT, radgan axla wminda adgilas varTo.

- ho, magram Zalian rom gvciva da gvSia? neba mogveciT, Se-

movideTo, - Seevedrnen arwivi da koioti.

raRas izamdnen, SeuSves gamWvirvale Wilobisgan gakeTebul

did vigvamSi. Turme swored aq cekvavdnen sulebi dafdafebis

xmaze. viRac moxucma qalma mownuli boTliT cotaodeni lom-

162

Tevzas qoni moitana, TviTonve awebda Sig frinvelis frTas da

manam aWmevda stumrebs, vidre daanayrebda.

mere arwivma da koiotma iqauroba moaTvalieres. vigvami Sig-

nidan Zalian lamazi iyo da uamravi sulebi trialebdnen. yvela-

ni sadResaswaulod iyvnen morTul-mokazmulni, niJarebisa da

dombis kbilebis samkaulebi ekeTaT, saxeebi moxatuli hqondaT,

TmaSi ki frTebi gaerWoT. vigvams mTvare dahnaToda Tavze da er-

Tianad gaCaxCaxebuli iyo. mTvares gverdiT bayayi ejda da Tvals

adevnebda mTvares, momRerlebsa da mocekvaveebs kargad gaunaTo-

so.

arwivma da koiotma zogierT sulSi TavianTi Zveli megobre-

bi Seicnes, magram mosulebs aravin aqcevda yuradRebas. arc is

SeumCnevia vinmes, koiotma rom Tan kalaTa moitana. am kalaTiT

igi sulebis wayvanas apirebda ukan, cocxlebis qveyanaSi.

gamTeniis xans sulebma datoves vigvami da wavidnen, mTeli

dRe unda sZinebodaT. koiotma dro ixelTa, mokla bayayi, gaat-

yava da mis tyavSi TviTon gaexvia. Sebindebisas ki sulebi kvlav

dabrundnen vigvamSi da mTeli Rame isev cekvavdnen da mRerodnen.

maT ar icodnen, rom mTvaris gverdiT bayayis tyavSi gaxveuli

koioti idga.

gaxurebuli cekva-TamaSis dros koiotma gadaylapa mTvare da

sibneleSi arwivi sulebis daWeras Seudga. daiWerda Tu ara, ko-

ioti maSinve kalaTaSi CauZaxebda da mWidrod axuravda Tavs. me-

re arwivic da koiotic cocxlebis qveynisken gamoemarTnen. ka-

laTa koiots mohqonda.

karga manZili rom gamoiares, uecrad kalaTidan xmauri moes-

maT. gaCerdnen da yuri miugdes.

- micvalebulni cocxldebian, - Tqva koiotma.

kidev gaiares cota manZili da isev SemoesmaT xmebi kalaTi-

dan. sulebi TavianT beds uCiodnen.

- mjgvlemen da xelsa mkraven, - Tqva erTma.

- me ki fexi matkines, - daikvnesa meorem.

- me ki xel-fexi wamacales, - daiCivla mesamem.

- axadeT Tavi kalaTas da amogviSviT! – daiyvira bolos ram-

denime sulma erTad.

koioti daiRala, aRar SeeZlo damZimebuli kalaTis tareba,

sulebi xom TandaTan cocxldebodnen.

- modi, amovuSvaTo, - Tqva koiotma.

- ara, ara, - saCqarod miaZaxa arwivma.

163

cota xanic da koiotma kalaTa miwaze dadga – Zalian damZi-

mebuliyo.

- modi, amovuSvaT, - gaimeora koiotma. – Cven axla ise Sor-

sa varT sulebis qveynidan, rom isini ukan mainc veRar dabrun-

debiano.

gaxsnes kalaTa, magram gacocxlebuli micvalebulebi isev

sulebad iqcnen da qariviT mokurcxles ukan, micvalebulTa kun-

Zulisaken.

is iyo arwivs unda esayvedura, rom koiotis naTqvami gaax-

senda:

- axla Semodgomaa. foTlebi gardacvlilTa msgavsad dabla

cvivian. davelodoT gazafxuls. roca kvirtebi isev gaiSleba da

yvavilebic gaifurCqnebian, maSin davbrundeT micvalebulTa qveya-

naSi da xelaxla vcadoT bedio.

- ara, - miugo koiotma, - daviRale. dae, gardacvlilni uku-

niTi ukunisamde darCnen micvalebulTa qveyanaSi.

da koiotma daakanona, gardacvlilebi aRarasodes dabrune-

bodnen cocxlebs. mas rom kalaTa ar gaexsna da sulebi ar amo-

eSva, mkvdrebi yovel gazafxulze aRdgebodnen, rogorc coc-

xldebian balaxebi, yvavilebi da xeebi.

SSSSvivivivididididi eSeSeSeSmamamamakikikikis ms ms ms mTeTeTeTebibibibi


bevri, bevri wlis winaT, roca qveyana jer kidev Zalian

axalgazrda iyo, lurj mTebSi Svidi Zma-goliaTi cxovrobda. es

Svidive urCxuli simaRliT yvelaze tanayril fiWvebsac sWar-

bobda, simZlavriT – yvelaze magar muxas.

Zvel xalxs eSinoda Zmebis, radgan isini Svilebs uWamdnen.

Zmebi yovel weliwads aRmosavleTidan miemarTebodnen da, rac

gzad xvdebodaT, erTianad nTqavdnen. dedebi Svilebs saxlidan

Sors miarbeninebdnen dasamalavad, magram bavSvebis umetesoba ma-

inc am gigantTa brWyalebSi xvdeboda. sagonebelSi Cacvivdnen

soflis uxucesebi: - Cveni tomisagan sul male kaci aRar dar-

164

Ceba cocxalio, - fiqrobdnen, magram, aba, vis Seswevda Zala, rom

Svidive goliaTs erTad gamklaveboda!

bolos uxucesebma gadawyvites, daxmareba koiotisTvis eTxo-

vaT.

koioti Cveni megobaria, man yvela urCxuli daamarcxa da

Cvenc gadagvarCens im Svidi bumberazisgano.

uxucesebi koiotTan mividnen, gviSveleo.

aucileblad giSveliT. gixsniT Svidi bumberazisgano, - Se-

pirda koioti, magram sinamdvileSi ar icoda, rogor unda moq-

ceuliyo. marTalia, bevri ebrZola da yvela tbisa Tu mdinaris

urCxuli daemarcxebina, magram axla erTbaSad Svid urCxuls

rogor Sebmoda, - ai, es ar icoda koiotma.

bevri fiqris Semdeg adga koioti da rCeva Tavis guliTad

megobar melas sTxova.

- jer Svidi Rrma ormo unda gavWraT im gzaze, romliTac

goliaTebi aRmosavleTiT miemarTebian xolme, Semdeg Svidive or-

mo mduRare talaxiT gavavsoTo, - urCia melam.

Svidi ormos gasaWrelad koiotma yvela brWyalebian mxecs

mouyara Tavi. miiyvana Taxvebi, zazunebi, pumebi, daTvebi, Tagvebi,

virTagvebi da Txunelebic ki ar daiviwya. Semdeg ormoebi mowi-

Talo-yviTeli wumpeTi gaavso, misma megobarma melam ki Sig ga-

varvarebuli qvebi Cayara wumpis asaduReblad.

dadga goliaTebis aRmosavleTisken wasvlis dro. maTac cad

aaRires Tavebi da amayad gaudgnen gzas, - darwmunebulni iyvnen,

veravin gabedavs Cvenze Tavdasxmaso. am dros buCqebidan koioti

da mela uTvalTvalebdnen.

hoda, ufro da ufro Rrmad eflobodnen goliaTebi mduRare

wumpiT savse ormoebSi. tyuilad farTxalebdnen da cdilobdnen

amosvlas, - ormoebi Zalian Rrma iyo. Zal-Rone rom gamoecalaT,

goliaTebi Rrialsa da xelebis qnevas mohyvnen. iseTi yofa dai-

wies da ise farTxalebdnen, mTeli is aremare erTi dRis saval-

ze im mowiTalo wumpiT mowuwes.

koioti Tavisi samalavidan rom gamovida, goliaTebi miyuC-

dnen, - isini kargad cnobdnen koiots.

- Tqveni Seubraleblobis sanacvlod dagsajeT ase, - uTxra

koiotma, - amasac ar gakmarebT: Svid mTad, Zalian maRal mTebad

gaqcevT da xalxis TvalSi sacemad dagayenebT, rom Tqvens Sem-

xedvareT gaaxsendeT, yvela avis mqmnels ueWvelad miezRveba sa-

magiero. Tqven ki, boroteba kvlav rom aRaravis miayenoT, Rrma

165

xeobebiT SemogzRudavT da Tqveni ojaxidan vercerTi veRaraso-

des gamoaRwevs am ufskrulebso.

koiotis brZanebiT goliaTebi ufro gamaRldnen da Svid

mwvervalad iqcenen.

Semdeg koiotma, rac Zala da Rone hqonda, miwas dahkra. miwa

gaibzara da Svidi mTis irgvliv Rrma kanioni gaCnda.

axla am mTebs Svidi eSmaki hqvia, mTebis Ziras gayolebul

TvalCauwvdenel xeobas – gvelis mdinaris qajis kanioni. is mo-

wiTalo wumpe ki, Svidma goliaTma irgvliv rom mimoasxa, spi-

lenZia. spilenZi axlac ulevelia maRaroebSi.

rorororogogogogor gr gr gr gaxaxaxaxdadadada kokokokoiiiiooootitititi gggganananansasasasakuTkuTkuTkuTrerererebubububulililili ZaZaZaZalilililis ps ps ps patatatatrorororonininini


qveynierebis dasawyisSi sulTa beladma Tavi mouyara cxovel-

Ta naTesavs.

- zogierTebs saxeli ar gaqvT, zogierTs ki Tavisi saxeli

ar moswons. xval, mzis amosvlamde, yvelas dagirigebT saxelebs,

kidev saTiTaod isars mogcemT. dilaze, ganTiadamde, modiT Cems

vigvamTan. vinc pirveli mova, Tavisi survilis mixedviT airCevs

saxels, Tanac yvelaze grZel isars miiRebs. grZeli isari ki

imis niSani iqneba, rom mis mflobels sxvebze meti Zala eqnebao.

cxovelTa sanaTesao rom wavid-wamovida, koiotma Tavis mego-

bar melas uTxra:

- gadavwyvite, pirveli movide. Cemi saxeli ar momwons, minda

an daTvi-grizli merqvas, an arwivio.

- aravin Segecileba Sens saxelSi, - gaecina melas – girCev-

nia, isev Senive daitovoo.

- pirveli moval, - gaimeora koiotma, - mTel Rames ar davi-

Zineb da pirveli movalo.

marTlac, mTeli Rame TvalmouxuWvelad ijda koconTan. bu

gahkioda Tu WaobSi bayayi yiyinebda, yvelaferi esmoda koiots,

magram varskvlavebma Tvalebi rom moxuWes, dauZleveli Zili da-

eufla, - quTuToebi daumZimda.

166

quTuToebSi bijgi unda Seviyenoo, - gadawyvita koiotma.

marTlac, aiRo ori patara joxi da Seiyena, axla aRar dameZine-

bao.

koiots mainc daeZina. rom gaeRviZa, mzes dedamiwaze ukve ga-

ewvina grZeli Crdilebi. mTel Rames Riad darCenili Tvalebi

koiots ise amoSroboda, veRarafers xedavda. miuxedavad amisa,

is sulTa beladis vigvamisken gaeqana.

- me daTvi-grizli minda viyoo, - yviroda, Tan egona, yvela-

ze pirveli movedio.

- eg saxeli ukve gacemulia. grizlma yvelaze grZeli isari

miiRo. is cxovelTa beladi iqneba dedamiwaze.

- maSin arwivi merqmeva.

- eg saxelic gacemulia. arwivma meore isari miiRo, is frin-

velTa beladi iqneba.

- maSin oraguli viqnebi.

- eg saxelic gaica ukve. oragulma mesame isari miiRo. igi

TevzTa mefe iqneba. darCenilia erTi yvelaze mokle isari da

erTic saxeli – koioti.

sulTa mefem koiots yvelaze mokle isari misca. koioti

sulTa mefis koconTan waiqca, Tvalebi isev amomSrali hqonda.

sulTa mefes Seecoda koioti da wyali Seasxa. am dros koiots

erTma azrma gauelva: rux daTvs vTxov, saxeli gamicvaloso.

- verao, - miugo ruxma daTvma, - ver gagicvli. es saxeli

TviT sulTa mefem miboZao.

dabrunda koioti da kvlav ganerTxo veeberTela vigvamSi

danTebuli cecxlis win. maSin ki uTxra sulTa beladma:

- me SenTvis gansakuTrebuli Zala Semovinaxe. gangeb movawyve

ise, rom ukanaskneli mosuliyavi. axla erT davalebas mogcem,

risTvisac gansakuTrebuli Zala dagWirdeba. misi daxmarebiT, ra-

dac ginda, imad iqcevi. Tu daxmareba moginda, am Zalas uxme. me-

la iqneba Seni Zmobili da gagiWirdeba Tu ara, SenTan gaCndeba.

Tu mokvdebi, mela SeZlebs, sicocxle dagibrunos. axla tbaze

wadi da oTxi Tevzi daiWire. maTSia Seni Zala. Semdeg ki zus-

tad Seasrule, rasac me getyvio.

ai, rogor gaxda koioti gansakuTrebuli Zalis patroni.

167

kokokokoiiiiooootitititi da da da da ururururCxuCxuCxuCxulililili mmmmdidididinanananarererere kokokokolumlumlumlumbibibibiiiiidadadadannnn


erTxel, Tavisi mogzaurobis Jams koiotma gaigo, rom raRac

urCxuli mdinare kolumbiis axlomaxlo yvelas klavso. daxoci-

lebi imdeni yria, nadiri SiSiT aRar ekareba mdinares da kal-

maxsac aravin iWerso.

- me giSveliT. ar davuSveb imas, rom urCxulma cxovelTa

sanaTesao gaJlitoso! – Tqva koiotma.

magram rogor Seasrulebda amas, TviTonve ar icoda. rCeva

Tavis debs hkiTxa. maT koiotis mucelSi edoT bina. mocvis saxe

hqondaT da amqveynad yvelaferi icodnen. ueWvelad SeeZloT ra-

Rac erCiaT, magram pirvelad uari uTxres:

- rom giTxraT, mere daikvexni, me movifiqreo!

- maSin wvimasa da setyvas dagiSenTo, - daaSina koiotma.

mocvs ki ar uyvars wvima da TqeSi.

- ar mogvivlino wvima da TqeSi, ar mogvivlino wvima da

TqeSi! – Seevedrnen isini. – mogcemT rCevas: waiRe blomad xme-

li fiCxi da fisi, rom koconi gaaCaRo. waiRe xuTi basri dana.

uiSramis axlomaxlo yvelas naSlaxi xocavs. is ylapavs imaT,

vinc kanoeTi Cauvlis. gauSvi, Senc Cagylaposo.

- diax, mec xom ase vfiqrobdi, Cemo debo, Cemi gegmac aseTi-

ao.

koiotma daujera debs. moagrova xmeli fiCxi, fisi, galesa

xuTi dana da gaemgzavra mdinaris SesarTavisaken, sadac cxov-

robda naSlaxi. urCxulma naxa koioti, magram icoda, rom didi

beladi ar iyo da ar Caylapa.

koioti mixvda. urCxuls gaRizianebiT gavabrazebo da dauwyo

lanZRva-gineba, ar daaklo dedamiwis zurgze araferi. gaavda ur-

Cxuli, CaisunTqa haeri da Tan Caayola koioti. koiotma zed

urCxulis xaxasTan Zlivs dabRuja erTi kona fiCxi.

urCxulis stomaqSi uricxvi nadiri ireoda. Zlivs dalasla-

sebdnen mSier-mwyurvalni da siciviTac kankalebdnen. erTni Sim-

Sils SeeRonebina, meoreni – sicives.

- cecxls daginTebT da saWmels mogimzadebT, - uTxra maT

koiotma. sanam gaTbebiT da cotaTi waixemsebT, manam me naSlaxs

movklav. Cemo xalxo, me xom Tqvens dasaxsnelad movedi! male

naxavT Tqvens megobrebso!

168

koiotma koconi urCxuls pirdapir gulTan SeunTo. akanka-

lebuli mxecebi cecxls mieficxnen. koiotma iZro erTi basri

dana, gauyara gulSi urCxuls, CamoaWra naWrebi da cecxlze da-

awyo Sesawvavad.

sanam mxecebi SeTbnen da danayrdebodnen, koioti im ZarRvs

miadga gadasaWrelad, urCxulis guls sxeulTan rom aerTebda.

koiots erTi dana gautyda. iZro meore, gautyda isic. iZro me-

same, gautyda mesamec, iZro meoTxe, gautyda meoTxec... mxolod

mexuTe daniT gadaWra ZarRvi da guli pirdapir cecxlSi Cavar-

da.

urCxuls rom gausworda, koiotma daaxvela. mTelma cxovel-

Ta modgmam bani misca koiots.

- me giTxariT, gixsniT-meTqi! – xma aimaRla koiotma, mdina-

ris piras rom Semoexvia nadir-frinveli. – axla Tqven icxov-

rebT didxans, didxans da me Tqven saxelebs dagarqmevT.

aravin gamorCenia koiots, yvelas daarqva saxeli.

- SenTvis arwivi damirqmevia, yvelaze mamaci da Seupovari

frinveli iqnebi. Sen daTvi iyavi, mxecTa Soris uZlieresi; Sen

bu gerqvas, avadmyofis didi mkurnali; Sen, mdinaris TevzTa So-

ris udideso, TarTi gewodebodes, Sen ki, yvelaze gemrielo

Tevzo, kalmaxi dagiZaxon.

mere koiotma saxelebi daarqva Taxvs, pumas, irems, kodalas,

cisfer Cxikvs da yvela nadirsa da frinvels. bolos Tqva:

- me koioti merqmeva, yvelaze brZensa da yvelaze eSmaks

mxecTa Soris.

Semdeg urCxuls miubrunda da ubrZana:

- amieridan Sen Zveleburad ver iparpaSeb, Cems xalxs veRar

daRupav. axali Taoba daibadeba amqveynad – adamianTa Taoba; isi-

ni mdinareze icureben, xan aRma avlen, xan daRma Camovlen. Sen

ar unda CaZiro zedized. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi SegiZlia vinme im-

sxverplo. mxolod is kanoe SeajanjRare, romelic Tavze gada-

givlis. yvela kanoem gverdi auaros im morevs, sadac Sen binas

daideb. iSviaTad Tu Seiwirav vinmes. es kanoni saukunoa SenTvis.

amieridan Sen aRara xar iseTi urCxuli, aqamde rom iyavi!

dRemde moqmedebs koiotis es kanoni. urCxuli ver bedavs,

Caylapos adamianebi mas Semdeg, rac koiotma Seuryia Zliereba.

marTalia, zogjer kanoes daiTrevs da adamianebianad gadauZaxebs

xolme mucelSi, magram es iSviaTad xdeba.

169

Cveulebrivad indielebi TavianT kanoes napirze gamoitanen

xolme, da sanam urCxulis sadgoms gascdebian, xeliT miaTreven.

aravin ar naosnobs mis sacxovrebelTan. ase cxovrobs urCxuli

wyalqveS, magram Zveleburi Zliereba aRara aqvs.

TeTrebma pirveli gemi rom CauSves mdinareSi, naSlaxma Sea-

Cera. indielebma urCies TeTrebs, saWmeli CaeyaraT wyalSi. TeT-

rebi ase moiqcnen. Cayares gembanidan Saqari, fqvili, brinji da

sxva produqtebi. maSin naSlaxma gauSva gemi.

rorororogogogogor r r r exexexexmamamamarerererebobobobodadadada kokokokoiiiiooootitititi xalxsxalxsxalxsxalxs


moxucma samyaro rom Seqmna da cxovelTa naTesavi gaaCina,

maT koioti gaugzavna. uWirda am naTesavs. araferi icodnen da

araferi SeeZloT. hoda, moxucma koiots ubrZana, mTel sanaTesa-

os boroti sulebi kvalSi rom sdeven, mospe da saqmis xerxiani

keTeba aswavleo.

koiotma imiT daiwyo, rom kaSxali daangria, es kaSxali Tax-

vis xuTma colma aaSena kolumbiis qvemo welze.

- ase rogor SeiZleba, yvela oraguli Tqven moaqcieT sagu-

barSi, zemoT xalxi SimSiliT kvdeba.

Tqva esa da xuTive Taxvi lerwmebad aqcia:

- dReidan Tqven lerwmebi iqnebiT, wylis piras ixarebTo.

verc ki moaswro saTqmeli daemTavrebina, rom didi mdinaris

SesarTavidan imdeni oraguli moawyda, wyali gadaSavda. koioti

mdinaris napir-napir wavida, Tevzs ukan gahyva. soflebSi adideb-

dnen koiots da cxovelTa naTesavi Tevzs Seeqceoda, SimSils

bolo moeRo.

erT patara mdinaresTan koiots azrad mouvida: kargia, am na-

TesavT Tevzis Wera vaswavloo. adga, Txilis wnelebisgan face-

ri dawna da wyalSi CauSva. Semdeg isic uCvena, rogor gaeSroT

da SeenaxaT Tevzi.

ufro did mdinaresTan koiotma iqaurebs aCvena, rogor dae-

xocaT Tevzi sarebiT, man TeTr soWs qerqi Semoacala, bolo ga-

uTala da wamaxvilebuli wveri oraguls Caaso.

170

- ai, ase unda qnaTo, - Tqva koiotma, sxva naTesavs Tevzis

Sewva aswavla. manamde isini Tevzs umad Wamdnen, koioti Tevzs

cecxlze atrialebda da ise wvavda mas. meorenairadac aswavla

Tevzis damzadeba, gaaxvia mwvane foTolSi da Sedo cecxlSi.

foToli orTqls ar uSvebs da Tevzi Sig ixarSeba.

- ai, rogor unda Tevzs momzadebao, - imeorebda koioti.

Semdeg koiotma iq myofT didi zeimi – oragulis dResaswau-

li – gaamarTvina da didi mdinarisa da yvela misi Senakadis na-

piras mcxovrebT ase mimarTa:

- yovel gazafxulze oraguli mdinareSi Semova qviriTis da-

sayrelad. Tqvenc yovel gazafxuls didi lxini unda gamarToT,

oragulis dResaswauli gadaixadoT. madloba SeswiroT oragul-

Ta sulebs, rom Tqvens SesarTavebSi Tevzebi gamogzavnes, Tqveni

oragulTa beladi ki SesTxovs im sulebs, badeebi TevziT gagiv-

soT. im sadResaswaulo xuT dRes oraguls dana ar daaaroT,

mxolod koconze Semwvari unda WamoT. Tu ise moiqceviT, ro-

gorc geubnebiT, oraguli zamTar-zafxul Tavsayrelad geqneba-

To.

Tqva es da auyva mdinares, oragulebic aedevnen. xSirad pa-

tar-patara SenakadebTan SeCerdeboda xolme. mdinare iakimTan da

uinatCTan mcxovrebma indielebma koioti kargad miiRes. manac ga-

avso maTi mdinareebi TevziT da Sehpirda, oraguli yovel gazaf-

xulze mova da qviriTs dayriso. sadac ki koiots kargad xvde-

bodnen, mdinares napirs udidebda. cxadia, Tevzis Wera ufro ad-

vili da moxerxebuli xdeboda.

mdinare Selanis sanapiroze mcxovreb cxovelTa naTesavT ko-

iotma ase mimarTa:

- Tu lamaz ymawvil qals momaTxovebT, Tqvens mdinares ora-

gulebiT gavavsebo.

maT uariT gaistumres. ymawvil qals koiotisTana beberi qma-

ri ar gamoadgebao. gabrazebulma koiotma mdinare Selanis kala-

poti uSvelebeli qvebiT gaavso da CanCqeri Seqmna. qvebiT gada-

Robilma mdinarem tba Selani gaaCina. dRemde arcerT oraguls

ar gadaulaxavs es CanCqeri.

ai, ratom ar budobs dResac SelanSi oraguli.

mdinare okanoganzec gaaCina koiotma CanCqeri. iqac uari uT-

xres axalgazrda sacoleze. mdinare spokanzec Seqmna CanCqeri,

radgan zemo mdinaris beladma neba ar misca, Tavisi tomeli qa-

171

li SeerTo. koiotma okanoganisa da spokanis tomis beladebs ase

mimarTa:

- aq CanCqerebs gavaCen. am CanCqerebs vercerTi oraguli ver

gadalaxavs da Tqveni mdinareebi carieli dagrCebaTo.

koiotma Tavis mogzaurobis Jams yvela mdinaresa da mTas sa-

xeli misca. daxoca urCxulebi, mospo da gaanadgura yinuleTi,

gaimarjva buranze. ai, ratom aRar aris zamTari civi. dargo xe-

ebi, axali xalxi, indielebi rom moevlineba qveyanas, gaTbneno.

mTaSi avides kenkris sakrefad, yvelaferi rom mzamzareuli mi-

arTva, gazarmacdebian da ar ivargebso. marwyvi gaaxara, sxva

tyis xilic bevri dargo. xalxs mravalferovani sakvebi hqonde-

so. dargo kamasi, kausi da sxva mravali.

mas Semdeg, rac qveynad axali xalxi, indielebi gaCndnen, ko-

iotma aswavla, rogor etrialebinaT xelis gulebiT ori joxi,

rom cecxli gaeCinaT: gaukeTa grZeli dana, rom daeWraT; gauke-

Ta najaxi, rom eCexaT; kedars qerqi gaacala da kanoe gaukeTa.

- ai, ase unda qnaT, - ambobda is.

koiotma indielebs aswavla, rogor gaekeTebinaT kaparWi da

swori ylortebisgan – isrebi, rogor exmaraT iaraRi. man gaake-

Ta nekerCxlis wnelisgan ficari da aCvena indielebs, rogor da-

eWiraT Tevzi faceriT. man aswavla, rogor moesworebinaT saTev-

zao adgili CanCqerebTan da rogor eTevzavaT sarebiT. TevzsaWe-

ri kalaTac koiotma dawna.

koiotma uTxra indielebs, rom oraguli ueWvelad unda ga-

moiSignos.

- Tu oraguls ar gamoSignavT, mas Sercxveba Tqvens magivrad

da Tqvens mdinareebs aRar gaekareba. ramdensac SeWamT, imaze me-

ti arasodes SewvaT. vTqvaT, sami oraguli SewviT da erTic ar

SeWameT, maSin oraguli Tqvens magivrad sircxviliT daiwveba da

aRarasodes gamoCndeba Tqvens mdinareSi.

mravaljer umogzauria koiots mdinare kolumbiisa da misi

Senakadebis sanapiroebze da bevri sasargeblo rCeva-darigeba miu-

cia mcxovreblebisTvis. TiTqmis mTeli TavianTi codna indieleb-

ma koiotisgan miiRes.

bevri sikeTe uyo xalxs koiotma, magram bevri borotebac Ca-

idina.

zogi indieli ambobs, koiotma Tavisi keTili saqmeebi rom

daasrula, caSi waiyvaneso. zogni irwmunebian, daisaja Tavisi Ca-

denili borotebisTviso. caSi TokiT adioda. mTeli erTi zafxu-

172

li da erTi zamTari micocavda Tokze. mere mowyda Toks da

didxans, didxans moqroda Zirs. miwaze rom daeca, xma moesmao:

- mawanwalad ivli am qveyanaze. mTeli sicocxle itireb da

iviSviSeb, mapatieT codvebio.

ai, ratom kvnesian da qviTineben koiotebi RamRamobiT. ai, ra-

tom dawanwaleben mSier-mwyurvalni eulad dedamiwaze.

xexexexeoooobabababa uiuiuiuilalalalamemememetitititis s s s gagagagamoqmoqmoqmoqvavavavabubububulilililis s s s ururururCxuCxuCxuCxulililili


uilametis xeobis binadarT erTma urCxulma SiSis zari das-

ca. Rame gamoqvabulidan gamoZvreboda da mcxovreblebs Tavs es-

xmoda. Semdeg gamoqvabulSi SeaTrevda da Casanslavda.

koioti rom estumra xeobas, xalxi soflidan ayrili iyo.

Seexvewnen koiots: gviSvele, ubedurebas gadagvarCineo.

- asec vizam. axal mTvaremde urCxuls suls gavafrTxobine-

bo, - dahpirda koioti xalxs, magram TviTonac ar icoda, ur-

Cxuls suls rogor gaafrTxobinebda. amitom adga da erT mego-

bar melas daeTaTbira.

- urCxuli bneleTSi cxovrobs. dRis sinaTle Tvalebsa

sWriso, - uTxra megobarma.

mere didxans iTaTbires, azri gacval-gamocvales da gegmac

moifiqres. meore dRes mze TvalismomWrelad anaTebda. caze maR-

la rom aiwia, koiotma gadaikida kaparWi da maRali mTis wverze

moeqca. iqidan mozida mSvildi da mzes isari esrola, mere meo-

re isari pirvelis boloSi gaWeda, Semdeg mesame da ase isroda,

manam mzesa da dedamiwas Soris isrebis Toki ar gaiWima.

bolos Caavlo xeli Toks da moswia, mTeli ZaliT eweoda.

mze dedamiwaze Camoiyvana da mdinare uilametSi damala.

urCxuls egona, daRamdao da gamoqvabulidan gamoZvra sakbi-

los mosaZebnad. rogorc ki moigdo xelSi erTi kaci, koiotma

Zirs isris Toki gawyvita, TvalisdaxamxamebaSi mzem maRla aiwia,

iqauroba gaaCaxCaxa da urCxuli daabrmava. koiotma dro ixelTa

da suli gaacxebina. xalxma SvebiT amoisunTqa.

173

gadioda wlebi. zafxuls zamTari cvlida, zamTars – zafxu-

li. erTxel TeTrma adamianebma ipoves urCxulis Zvlebi da Tan

waiRes. uilametis xeobis indielebma ki gaafrTxiles TeTrebi,

xels nu axlebT, ubedurebas SegamTxvevTo, magram TeTrebi gana

vinmes yurs miugdeben?

ku da ku da ku da ku da kakakakaiiiipopopoporararara

brazilia

erTi ku fuRuroSi ijda da salamurs ukravda. kaiporam

yuri mohkra da TavisTvis Cailaparaka, uTuod ku unda ukravdes,

kargi iyo, dameWirao. Cumad mivida fuRurosTan, ku isev akvne-

sebda salamurs.

kaiporam fuRuroSi CasZaxa:

- ehei, ku, ar gesmiso!

- ra gnebavso? – gamoexmaura ku.

- gareT gamobrZandi, Zala vsinjoTo!

- didi siamovnebiTo!

kaipora Sambnarisken gaiqca, liana moWra, mdinaris piras

miaTria da kus uTxra:

- aba, daviwyoTo. Sen mdinareSi Caxti, me ki napirze dav-

rCebio.

ku mdinareSi Caxta da liana delfins moaba boloze, Tvi-

Ton ki Cumad amovida napirze da buCqebSi SeiyuJa.

kaiporam Tavisken gaswia liana, magram veras gaxda. delfin-

ma moikriba rac Zali da Rone hqonda da kaipora wyalSi CaaT-

ria. kaiporamac moikriba Zal-Rone da delfini kinaRam wylidan

amoaTria, magram bolos mainc delfinma dajabna kaipora da

wyalSi Caiyola.

ku buCqebidan yvelafers xedavda da ulvaSebSi eSmakurad

ecineboda.

kaipora daiRala da Tqva:

- gveyofa, ku, amodio!

Caxta ku wyalSi, delfins liana Sexsna da Tavmomwoned

amovida napirze.

174

- megobaro, ar daiRaleo? – hkiTxa kaiporam.

- ras ambobo, - miugo kum, - xom xedav, arc ki gavoflil-

varo!

gaocebulma kaiporam Tavi damarcxebulad scno.

- axla ki davrwmundi, rom Cemze Zlieri yofilxaro! –

Tqva da Tavis gzas gaudga.

aaaadadadadamimimimiaaaanininini da kuda kuda kuda ku

brazilia

erTxel ku Tavis soroSi SeZvra da salamuri aakvnesa. gam-

vlel-gamomvleli Cerdeboda da yurs ugdebda salamuris tkbil

xmas. erTma kacma Tqva:

- am kus aucileblad daviWero!

mivida sorosTan da dauZaxa:

- ehei, gamomxedeo.

- ra gnebavso! – gamosZaxa kum.

- maRla amodi, raRac unda giTxrao.

- axlaveo, - da ku sorodan gamoRoRda. kacma ki maSinve

staca xeli da Sin waiyvana. Sin rom mivida, ku yuTSi Casva. di-

liT, mindorSi wasvlis win, Svilebs daubara:

- aramc da aramc ku gareT ar gamouSvaTo!

kaci wavida, ku ki ijda yuTSi da akvnesebda salamurs.

bavSvebma salamuris xma gaigones Tu ara, yuTs irgvliv Se-

moexvivnen, magram kum maSinve Sewyvita salamuris dakvra. maSin

bavSvebi Seexvewnen, kidev daukario.

- Cemi salamuris dakvra mogwonT, ara? netavi axla gaCve-

naT cekva rogoriRa vicio!

bavSvebma ku yuTidan amosves, rom misi cekvac enaxaT.

icekva, itriala kum da bolos bavSvebs sTxova, gareT gas-

vla minda da gamiSviTo.

- kargio, - uTxres bavSvebma, - mxolod im pirobiT, Tu ar

gaiqcevio.

175

gauRes kari da gauSves. kum rogorc ki dro ixelTa, buC-

qebSi miimala. Sewuxdnen bavSvebi, aqeT ecnen, iqiT ecnen, magram

kus kvals veRarsad miagnes.

bolos erTma bavSvma Tqva:

- modiT, qva movZebnoT da kus bakaniT SevReboT, Torem ma-

ma rom dabrundeba, magrad mogvxvdebao.

marTlac, SeRebes qva da yuTSi Cades. saRamos dabrunda ma-

ma da Svilebs uTxra:

- aba, Cqara cecxlze qvabi SedgiT, ku unda movxarSoTo.

mamam qvabSi kus nacvlad SeRebili qva Caagdo da bavSvebs

uTxra:

- TefSebi gaamzadeTo.

- mere qva amoiRo da TefSze dado. uceb tkaco! – da Tef-

Si namsxrevebad iqca.

gabrazebulma mamam bavSvebs lanZRva-gineba dauwyo.

- ai, Tqve uvargisebo, ku gagiSviaTo?

- ara, mami, ar gagviSviao! – imarTles Tavi bavSvebma.

swored am dros kum salamuri aakvnesa.

kacma gaigona salamuris xma da ifiqra, waval, kus isev da-

viWero!

wavida da dauZaxa:

- ehei, zozinav, gamomxedeo!

- ra gnebavso! – gamosZaxa kum.

kaci erTs eZaxoda, ku meores pasuxobda. eZaxa kacma, eZaxa,

bolos mobezrda da Tavi mianeba.

aruaruaruaru

brazilia

aru patara bayays hqvia. igi umetesad tyis ganakafSi binad-

robs. rogorc ki indielebi tyis gaCexvas daiwyeben, aruc maSin-

ve iq gaCndeba. amboben, sadac arua, iq usaTuod didi Wirnaxuli

movao. naTesebs Tvalyuri kargad unda adevno, Torem Tu yana ga-

uToxnavia da sarevela moeria, aru im adgils axlosac ar gaeka-

reba.

176

xalxSi aseTi Tqmuleba arsebobs: odesRac arus jiSis gom-

beSoebic adamianebi yofilan. im toms mTlad axalgazrda beladi

hyolia. saxelad aru rqmevia da Zalianac ucnauri Cveva hqonia –

arcerT qaliSvils daumorCilebels ar uSvebda Turme.

erTxel aru sanadirod kunZul paliaze wasula. iq erTi

mTvaresaviT pirbadri da lamazi gogona unaxavs. am gogonas gi-

SeriviT Savi Tma da varskvlaviviT mocimcime Tvalebi hqonda.

pirisaxes broliviT TeTri kbilebi umSvenebda. erTi sityviT, im

lamazi gogonas msgavsi jer arasodes exila arus, tomis be-

lads.

gogona mSvidad ijda zRvis piras da Tevzaobda. arum Tva-

li mohkra Tu ara, maSinve xes amoefara da cda dauwyo. gogonam

lerwmis kalaTa aavso TevziT, mere tani daibana, amovida wyli-

dan, gamxmari lerwami gaSala da zed wamowva. wamowva Tu ara,

maSinve CaeZina.

aruc swored amas eloda. Cumad miepara mZinares da gver-

diT miuwva. gogonas SeeSinda, undoda daeyvira, magram arus Tavi

ver daaRwia.

didxans ebrZodnen isini erTmaneTs. gvian, roca dedamiwas

Ramis mwuxri moefina, gogonas ukanaskneli Zal-Rone gamoelia.

qali tiroda, magram misi cremli miwaze ki ar ecemoda,

swrafad adioda caSi da iqidan wvril wvimad moedineboda.

beladi aru mxolod gamTeniisas wamodga fexze. igi carie-

li ConCxiRa iyo, kaci ifiqrebda, cecxlSi CauxrukiaTo.

gogonac adga da arus qviTiniT uTxra:

- ratom awuxeb cis binadarT? xom xedav, ras daemsgavse,

rogor dagwva wuxandelma Ramem. axla Sen gaqrebi da Seni mod-

gmac gadaSendeba. dReis Semdeg mTels Sens sicocxles wyalSi

da tyis ganakafSi gaatareb. mxolod erT Tves, weliwadis am

dros iqcevi adamianad, da isic imitom, rom xalxs samkurnalo

balaxi daurigo. Sen Seaswavli adamianebs xaxalis dawvnas, sac-

ris, Tevzis saWerisa da baris gakeTebas, agreTve im Coganis ga-

moTlas, romelsac indielebi maniokis fafis moduRebisas gamoi-

yenebeno.

qalma sityva rom daasrula, mowyvita mwvane ananasi da Se-

Wama. mere miwidan maRla Sexta da mkvdari, TiTqosda gaWyleti-

li bayayi Soba.

qalma arus uTxra:

177

- ai, ase gadaSendeba Seni modgma. xedav, rad iqca Seni ji-

lagi? axla wagisvam am bayayis sisxls, rom ufro galamazebuli

daubrunde Sens gvar-tomso.

qalma aiRo mkvdari bayayi, Suaze gaxliCa, sisxli xelis

gulze daigrova da arus pirisaxeze gombeSosa da bayayis gamosa-

xuleba moaxata.

- axla ufro lamazi xaro!

mere mkvdari bayayis tyavi aiRo, daaxvia, Tavisi TmebiT

Sekra, stviri gaakeTa da Cahbera.

- iswavleo, - uTxra, - dReidan Seni msgavsi dedamiwis

zurgze aRaravin iqneba. axla ki, vidre samudamod dagSordebode,

Cemi vinaoba minda gauwyo: me zecis mkvidri, mTvaris qaliSvili

da mcenareTa deda var. saxelad seiusi mqvia. Svidi varskvlavis

ojaxSi erT-erT varskvlavsac am saxeliT ixsenieben. axla SegiZ-

lia daubrunde Sens xalxs da, visac ginda, imas uambe, rom Rame

CemTan gaatare. aha, es stviri, miCuqebia. waiRe da rodesac Sens

sofels miuaxlovdebi, daukari. xalxs amiT Zlier gaaxarebo.

am sityvebis Tqma da qalis gauCinareba erTi iyo. aru da-

adga gzas. bevri iara Tu cota, miadga Tavis sofels, gavida Sua

Saraze da Cahbera stvirs.

xalxi dafrTxa. stviris xma wavis wivils miamsgavses.

arus mTeli gvar-tomi saxlebidan gareT gamocvivda da gaiqca.

Tanasoflelebma bayayis sisxliT moxatuli beladi rom

dainaxes, ifiqres, uSvelebeli wavi SeWmas gvipirebso da maSinve

mdinares miaSures. yvela erTad Caxta wyalSi. maT kvaldakval

mihyva beladi aruc. iq ki gombeSoebad da bayayebad gadaiqcnen.

ase gaCdnen qveynad arus jiSis cicqna bayayebi.

JuJuJuJururururupapapapariririris ss ss ss sakakakakrarararavevevevebibibibis s s s momomomotatatatacecececebabababa

brazilia

aravakis ojaxSi mcxovrebi tarianas tomis mamakacebi yovel

saRamos mdinare papuris saTavesTan ikribebodnen. ukravdnen musi-

kalur sakravebze da Juruparis cekvavdnen. erTxel qalebma ga-

dawyvites, modi, sakravebi moviparoTo. im dRidan qalebi yovel

178

diliT midiodnen tyeSi da daeZebdnen im adgils, sadac mamakace-

bi sakravebs malavdnen. am ZebnaSi ramdenime weli gavida. erT sa-

Ramos qalebma mamakacebs Juruparis sacekvao saxlTan daudara-

jes, vnaxoT mainc, ranairi sakravebi aqvTo. yvela qals xelSi

CiraRdani ekava.

mamakacebma SuadRemde icekves. mere ki zogma mdinareSi da-

mala Tavisi sakravi, zogmac – tyeSi, xis fuRuroSi. qalebi Cu-

mad uTvalTvalebdnen da, mamakacebi sofelSi gabrundnen Tu ara,

sakravebs miscvivdnen, mTeli tye CiraRdnebma gaaCaxCaxa. sakrave-

bi sinaTles gaurbodnen. maSin qalebi irgvliv Semoexvivnen xes

da sakravebi ris vai-vaglaxiT Caigdes xelSi. waiRes da Zalian

Sors gadamales. diliT ki, erTad rom Seikribnen, yvelaze uf-

rosma qalma Tqva:

- axla sakravebi Cvenca gvaqvs. mamakacebi am oins rom ar

migvixvdnen, dResve unda wavideT uarakapas CanCqerTan da saWme-

lad umaris Reroebi movkrifoTo.

asec moiqcnen.

saRamos mamakacebi wavidnen Juruparis sacekvaod, magram

fuRuroSi sakravebi aRar daxvdaT. mxolod mdinareSi damaluli

sakravebi iyo Tavis adgilze. daiwyes Zebna: aqeT ecnen, iqiT ec-

nen, magram versad naxes. qalebze eWvic ki ar miutaniaT, radgan

isini dilidanve uarakapas CanCqerebze iyvnen wasulebi. kacebSi

mkiTxaobac aravin icoda da, aba, ise ras gaigebdnen! amitom, qa-

lebi Sin rom dabrundnen, qmrebs maTTvis araferi ukiTxavT.

erTi dRis Semdeg ki qalebi TviTon wavidnen Juruparis sa-

cekvaod. mdinare tui-igarapes piras Tavi moiyares da sakravebs

Cahberes, magram amaod: verc erT sakravs xma ver amoaRebines. qa-

lebma xan waRma utriales, xan ukuRma, - mainc araferi gamouvi-

daT, maSin erTma qalma Tqva:

- modi, axalgazrdebi vaiZuloT, sakravze dakvra gvaswav-

lono.

qalebi dabrundnen Sin, mcenare karaJurus wiTeli wveniT

pirisaxe SeiRebes da mamakacebs gaekeklucnen. gamoucdeli axal-

gazrdebi qalebs ver miuxvdnen eSmakobas da daeTanxmnen, sakrav-

ze dakvras gaswavliTo. im saRamosve wavidnen mdinare tui-igara-

pes piras da qalebis TandaswrebiT daukres Juruparis sacekvao.

sofelSi darCenil moxucebs dakvris xma SemoesmaT da SeSinebu-

lebma erTmaneTs uTxres:

- gesmiT, viRaca Cvens sakravebs ukravso.

179

SuaRamisas musika Sewyda. qalebma axla ukve kargad icod-

nen Juruparis saidumlo da qmrebs ubrZanes, dReidan Cvens ma-

givrad Tqven imuSavebTo. daRondnen mamakacebi, uceb uamravi saq-

me gauCndaT: manioki unda amoeTxaraT da daefqvaT, balaxi moe-

TibaT, yana gaemarglaT, Cvili bavSvebisTvis moevloT. erTi sit-

yviT, qalebis saqme unda ekeTebinaT.

mamakacebSi erTi jadoqari eria. igi yovel saRamos mkiTxa-

obda, undoda Seetyo, aseT gasaWirSi vin Cagvayenao. misi Crdili

damnaSavis saZebrad miemarTeboda, magram ver poulobda. am grZne-

ulma Tavisi jadoqrobis saSualebiT amoicno, vin iyo maTi to-

mis mamakacebSi yvelaze rbili xasiaTisa. mere Sekriba moxucebi

da Tqva:

- ai, ise gavWaRaravdiT, vera da ver gavigeT, vin gaando qa-

lebs saidumlo. raki Cven Soris aravin gveguleba gamcemeli, er-

Ti gzaRa dagvrCenia: TviTon qalebi unda gamovtexoTo.

mamakacebi asec moiqcnen. rogorc iyo, gadaibires qalebi da

bolos aTqmevines:

- Tu Cven Tvalwin Juruparis icekvebT, getyviT, saidumlo

vin gagvandoo.

kacebi daTanxmdnen, kargi, vicekvebT, oRond is wminda sak-

ravebi dagvibruneTo. qalebma moutanes. mamakacebmac imave saRamos

miaSures Juruparis sacekvao saxls. Sua cekvaSi rom iyvnen, qa-

lebi qoxSi Sevidnen da gaocebisgan iqve gaxevdnen: yvela mama-

kacs erTnairi saxe hqonda, TiTqosda mocekvaveni erT arsebad

qceuliyvnen. qalebma SiSisagan goni dakarges. grZneuli mamakaci

ki oTaxis SuagulSi gamovida da Tqva:

- yvela WaRaraTmiani mamakaci Juruparis gvarisaa. axalgaz-

rdebi ki dReidan aRar daukraven Juruparis sacekvaos, radgan

maT ubedureba mogvitanes. SexedeT Cvens xelebs, zedmeti Sromi-

sagan rogor gagviuxeSda. es yvelaferi ki imis gamo dagvemarTa,

rom axalgazrdebma qalebs Juruparis sakravTa saidumlo gaande-

so.

am ambis Semdeg Juruparis saidumlo isev mamakacebs daub-

runda.

180

CiCiCiCititititi kokokokoliblibliblibriririri

brazilia

erT col-qmars erTi gasaTxovari qali hyavda. movida dro

da ded-mamam Svili gaaTxova. mSoblebi da megobrebi sapatar-

Zlos eklesiaSi gahyvnen, monebi ki saqorwilo sufris mosamza-

deblad Sin darCnen. Seudgnen saWmlis gakeTebas da maSinRa na-

xes, rom wveTi wyali ar edgaT araferSi. ra unda eqnaT? adga

erTi mona qali, aiRo sura da wylis mosatanad gaiqca. mivida

wyaroze da ras xedavs, xis totze Citi kolibri Semomjdara da

galobs: `foTlebo da yvavilebo, sad viSovo saWmeli? iqiT wa-

val stvena-stveniT Citunia frTaWreli...”

zangis qalma sura miwaze dadga da sambas cekva daiwyo. ise

gaerTo cekviT, rom aRarc wyali axsovda, aRarc sadili da

aRarc qorwili. Citi kolibric galobda da galobda Seusveneb-

liv.

ucades zangis qals, ucades da bolos, mis dabrunebas saS-

veli rom aRar daadga, meore mona qali gagzavnes wyaroze, erTi

gaige, ra daemarTa, wyali ratom ar moaqvso. zangis qalma ro-

gorc ki dainaxa wyaroze misuli megobari, maSinve miumRera: òh,

megobaro qalo, Cits Sexe, rogor galobs, me xom vcekvav da

vcekvav, Senc unda dauaro”.

miirbina megobarma qalma da isic acekvda. saxlSi amao lo-

diniT rom gadaiqancnen, orives Zaxili dauwyes, magram pasuxi

aravin gasca. raRas izamdnen, mesame mona gaagzavnes ambis gasage-

bad, male mesames meoTxe mihyva, meoTxes – mexuTe da bolos yve-

lam wyaroze moiyara Tavi. mividodnen Tu ara, Cadgebodnen wreSi

da gaognebulebi cekvavdnen sambas. raki saxlSi aRarcerTi mona

aRar darCa, patarZlis erT-erTi da wavida dasaZaxeblad. zangis

qalebma dainaxes Tu ara, maSinve miumReres. diasaxlisic Cadga

wreSi da iseTi Camouara, yvelas gadaaWarba. movida meore dac.

pirvelma dam miumRera: òh, Cemo kargo daiko...” gogona erTi

wamiTac ar dayovnebula, isic Caeba cekvaSi. Sin ki dedam veRar

moisvena, TiTqos nemsebze ijda. ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo:

sadili iwvoda, stumrebi ar Candnen da arc araferi iyo gamza-

debuli. vinc ki Sin darCa, yvela wyaroze wavida da ratomRac

aRar brundebodnen.

- ara, uTuod raRac SeemTxvaT im wyaroze, waval erTi, ga-

vigebo! – Tqva qalma, moixura TavSali da wavida. Soridanve yu-

181

ri mohkra mocekvaveTa simReras, mere dainaxa wreSi Camdgari qa-

lebi da xis totze Semomjdari Citi kolibri. Citunia ise saa-

murad galobda, rom verc aman Seakava Tavi da ise dauara, nuRar

ityviT! deda cekva-cekviT miuaxlovda Svilebs, imaTac miumRe-

res: òh, Cveno dedilo, Zvirfaso...”

dedakaci wreSi Cadga da yvelaze mondomebiT ahyva mocekva-

veebs. iseTi mxiaruleba gaCaRda, Tqveni mowonebuli! Citmac

umata galobas. rac ufro Zlier ustvenda Citi, qalebi miT uf-

ro umatebdnen cekvas.

martod darCenili moxuci mama ijda da eloda nefe-patar-

Zals. arc stumrebi Candnen da arc wyalze wasuli mona qalebi.

colica da qaliSviliebic maTTan gadakarguliyvnen. gacecxlebu-

li berikaci sul cofsa hyrida. iTmina, iTmina, bolos veRar mo-

iTmina, dastaca maTraxs xeli, - damacadeT, me Tqven giCvenebT

seirso, - Cailaparaka da wyarosken gaqanda. colma dainaxa Tu

ara qmari, maSinve miumRera: òh, Cemo berikaco, Zvirfaso!..”

kaci SeiWra wreSi da, giyvardes, uSxuvla da uSxuvla

maTraxi mocekvave qalebs xan marjvniv, xan marcxniv, Tan gaiZa-

xoda: òh, bebero Cemo qalo, msurs maTraxiT gagaxaro, ha, icek-

ve, icekveo...”

yvelas sakmarisad moxvda – colsac, Svilebsac da mona qa-

lebsac. iseTi wivil-kivili atyda, caSi angelozebsac daaf-

rTxobda. viRas hqonda cekvis Tavi, yvela mimoifanta. Citunia

kolibrma ki arxeinad mimoixeda, frTa frTas Semohkra da gaf-

rinda.

mememememamamamalulululusisisisi –––– ggggarararardacdacdacdacvlilvlilvlilvlilTaTaTaTa kkkkununununZuZuZuZulililili


odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, cxovrobdnen erTi ymaw-

vili meomari da lamazi qaliSvili. maT Zalian uyvardaT erTma-

neTi da Zalian bednierebic iyvnen. magram meomari avad gaxda,

mokvda da sulebis qveyanaSi gadasaxlda. iq Wabuks enatreboda

satrfo da cxare cremliT tiroda. aq kidev qali dastiroda

Wabuks.

182

erTxel, meomris sikvdilidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, micva-

lebulTa qveynidan viRacis suli sizmarSi gamoecxada qaliS-

vils da uTxra:

- Sens Seyvarebuls Zalian enatrebi. marTalia, igi imqvey-

nad kargad aris, magram uSenod mainc mowyenilia da manam ar iq-

neba bednieri, sanam Sen ar inaxulebo.

gogo ise SeaSfoTa am sizmarma, rom maSinve mSoblebs uam-

bo. isinic SeSfodnen, aRar icodnen, ra erCiaT SvilisTvis. meo-

re da mesame Ramesac gamoecxada suli da igive gaumeora. mesame-

dac rom naxa gogom suli sizmarSi, mSoblebma gadawyvites, qali

SeyvarebulTan gaegzavnaT, raTa TviTonac raime ubedureba ar

SemTxveodaT.

Casxdnen yvelani kanoeSi da dauyvnen mdinares qvemoT, kun-

Zulisken, sadac sulebis bednieri qveyana iyo da yvela micvale-

buls iq moeyara Tavi. is iyo kunZuls miadgnen, rom dabindda

kidec. kunZulidan dafdafebis xma SemoesmaT, sulebi mRerodnen

da cekvavdnen musikis taqtze. burusSi Zlivs gaarCies kunZulze

mocimcime sinaTleebi.

napirze oTxi suli SeegebaT. maT kanoedan qali gadaiyvanes,

mSoblebs ki uTxres, Tqven Sin, cocxlebis qveyanaSi dabrundi-

To. mere qali gamWvirvale Wilobebisgan agebul uzarmazar vig-

vamSi Seiyvanes, sadac yvela cekvavda. gogom icno Tavisi Seyvare-

buli, romelic ufro lamazi da keTilSobili eCvena, vidre de-

damiwaze iyo. Tanac ise mdidrulad Caecva, rogoric mxolod

sulebis qveyanaSi icvamen.

mTel Rames gagrZelda cekva-simRera. axalgazrda Seyvare-

bulebi ubednieresad Tvlidnen Tavs. roca inaTa da Citebic

aWikWikdnen, sulebma dasaZineblad gaswies – maT xom dRisiT

sZinavT da RamiT fxizloben. gogomac daxuWa Tvalebi da Zils

mieca.

magram mas ase magrad ar eZina, rogorc danarCen sulebs,

amitom, mze rom kargad amowvera, gaeRviZa da irgvliv mimoixeda.

iqve, mis gverdiT ConCxi iwva – misi Seyvarebulis ConCxi. saxeSi

Semoscqeroda kbilebdakreWili da carielgugebiani Tavis qala.

irgvliv ConCxebi da Tavis qalebi ewyo. haerSi ki sikvdilis su-

ni trialebda – mSvenieri sulebi dRisiT ConCxebad da gvamebad

iqceodnen xolme.

gogom erTi Sehkivla, wamoxta da napirisaken gaqanda, ipova

iq Tavisi kanoe da saswrafod mousva niCbebi Tavisi soflisaken.

183

mSoblebi da nacnobebi SeSfoTdnen, gogo rom dainaxes. SeeSin-

daT, vaiTu sulebi Semogvwyrnen, gogom rom maTi qveyana miatova

da axla mTeli sofeli dasajono.

- Sen sulebi gaanawyene, - uTxres maT, - Senc maTsaviT un-

da gZineboda mTeli dRe. axlave daubrundi Sens Seyvarebuls,

raki man mogiTxovao.

raRas izamda, dabrunda gogo micvalebulTa kunZulze da

im RamiT isev ecekva Tavis Seyvarebuls gamWvirvale Wilofisgan

nageb vigvamSi. misi Seyvarebuli axlac lamazi da bednieri iyo.

mere, dRisiT, gogosac saRamomde eZina xolme. saRamoobiT ki iR-

viZebda da mTel Rames sulebTan erTad erToboda. gavida dro

da mas uCveulo silamazis bavSvi SeeZina – naxevrad kaci, naxev-

rad suli. axalgazrda mamas ise undoda Svili Tavisi dedisTvis

eCvenebina, rom cocxlebis qveyanaSi suli gagzavna da daabara:

- gadaeci dedaCems, rom Cven Zalian bednierebi varT sule-

bis qveyanaSi, mSvenieri bavSvi SegveZina da gvinda, Senc naxo-Tqo.

sTxove, wamogyves, mere ki Cemi coli da Svili ukanac wahyvebian

cocxlebis qveyanaSi. cota xnis Semdeg mec davbrundebi da yve-

la sulsac Tan wamoviyvan, raTa maT xelaxla icxovron coc-

xlebis qveyanaSi.

Wabukis dedas Zalian gauxarda es ambavi da siamovnebiT wa-

vida micvalebulTa kunZulze. Svili win Seegeba da gaafrTxila,

SviliSvils cota xnis Semdeg naxavo.

- vidre aTi dRe ar gava, ver gaCvenebo.

bebia moTminebiT eloda, magram rac dro gadioda, miT uf-

ro uWirda moTmena, undoda male enaxa bavSvi. erT dRes gadaw-

yvita, malulad SeeWvrita WuWrutanaSi da daenaxa igi. vis ra

dauSavdeba, me Tu misi akvnis safars yurs avuwev da cali Tva-

liT Sevxedavo.

asec moiqca. aswia safari da mZinare bavSvs daxeda, magram

maSinve daisaja – bavSvi avad gaxda da mokvda. sulebi ki ise

ganrisxdnen, rom mas Semdeg arcerT mkvdars cocxlebis qveyanaSi

aRar abrunebdnen.

bebia daabrunes Tavis sofelSi da mas Semdeg Svilsa da

rZalze aRaraferi smenia.

184

wmwmwmwminininindadadada ffffleleleleiiiitatatata

tropikuli tyeebi

mundurukus tomis wminda fleitebi karokos saxelwode-

biT, qalebisaTvis tabus warmoadgens, magram iyo dro, roca isi-

ni flobdnen fleitebs. simarTle rom iTqvas, swored qalebma

ipoves es fleitebi.

iyo sami qali: ianionbori, tuembiru da paravaro. qalebi

tyeSi fiCxis Sesagroveblad dadiodnenda saidanRac xSirad es-

modaT musikis xma. erTxel Zalian moswyurdaT da wyaros saZeb-

nelad gaeSurnen. eZebes, eZebes da tyeSi mSvenier kamkama tbas

waawydnen. es tba winaT arasodes enaxaT. axla mas karokoboap-

tis eZaxian – „adgils, saidanac wamoiRes karoko“.

qalebs kidev SemoesmaT musika da mixvdnen, rom xma tbidan

modioda. mividnen da wyalSi Tevzi jiju naxes, magram misi da-

Wera ver SeZles.

sofelSi rom dabrundnen, erTma qalma moifiqra, modiT, ba-

des kaklis wveni wavusvaT, Tevzs daeZineba da daviWerTo. mar-

Tlac ase moiqcnen. samive qalma saTiTao Tevzi daiWira. amoiyva-

nes Tu ara xmeleTze, Tevzebi maSinve fleitebad iqcnen.

swored amitomaa, rom mamakacebis yvela saxlSi sami sakra-

vi aqvT.

qalebma fleitebi tyeSi damales, rom veravis epova. yo-

veldRe midiodnen tyeSi da Cum-Cumad ukravdnen. ise moewonaT

fleitaze dakvra, rom mTel dReebs tyeSi atarebdnen. qmrebic

miatoves da saxl-karic. qmrebma eWvi aiRes.

erT dRes ianionboris Zma marimarebo qalebs Cumad gahyva

tyeSi da gaigo maTi saidumlo, Tumca fleita ver dainaxa. mari-

marebom sxva mamakacebs uambo, rac gaigo. amasobaSi qalebi dab-

rundnen da mamakacebma hkiTxes, tyeSi marTla gaqvT fleitebi

damalulio? qalebi gamotydnen. maSin mamakacebma uTxres: - dau-

kariT fleitebze, magram tyeSi ara, Sino.

esenic daTanxmdnen. raxan fleitebi imaT iSoves, qalebi ma-

makacebis mbrZanebelni gaxdnen. axla mamakacebs mohqondaT fiCxi,

wyali da beiJusac, lavaSsac isini acxobdnen. kacebs mas Semdeg

aqvT brtyeli xelebi. mamakacebi nadirobdnen kidec, rac marima-

rebos aRSfoTebda imitom, rom kacebs fleitebisTvisac unda mi-

etanaT xorci. qalebi ki mxolod tkbili maniokisgan amzadebdnen

185

sasmels. erTxel marimarebom Tqva, qalebs fleitebi wavarTvaTo,

magram sxva mamakacebi SeSindnen.

qalebma im dRes, roca fleitebi sofelSi unda mietanaT,

mamakacebs ubrZanes, sanadirod wadiTo, TviTon ki tkbili manio-

kisgan nayenis damzadebas Seudgnen. mamakacebi nadirobidan rom

dabrundnen, mTeli soflis qalebi fleitebis mosatanad iyvnen

wasulebi. maTma winamZRolma ianionborim sofelSi erTi qali

gamogzavna da mamakacebs SemouTvala, qoxebSi daimaleTo. mamaka-

cebi damorCilebas ar apirebdnen, maT kacebis saxlSi darCena

undodaT. maSin ianionbori movida, rom yvelani qoxebSi Seereka.

marimarebom das uTxra:

- qoxebSi mxolod erTi RamiT SevalT. Cven fleitebi gvin-

da da xvalve gamogarTmevT. Tu ar mogiciaT, sanadirod aRar wa-

valTo.

ianionbori unda daTanxmeboda, radgan sxvanairad verc

fleitebisTvis iSovida xorcsa da verc zeimze mowveuli stum-

rebisaTvis.

mamakacebi qoxebSi Sevidnen. qalebma ki soflis irgvliv

svla moawyves, Tan fleitebs ukravdnen. Semdeg Sevidnen kacebis

saxlSi da iq daawyves fleitebi. mere saTiTaod gaikrifnen Ta-

vianT qoxebSi da kacebi aiZules, mosiyvarulebodnen. mamakacebs

uaris Tqma ar SeeZloT, rogorc axla qalebs ar SeuZliaT mama-

kacis survilze uaris Tqma. ase gavida Rame.

meore dRes mamakacebma waarTves fleitebi qalebs da Tavi-

anT qoxebSi garekes. qalebi mwared dastirodnen TavianT dana-

kargs. kacebi ki, qalebs fleitebs rom arTmevdnen, mRerodnen. am

simReraSi gamosWvivoda sircxvili, mamakacebma qalebis batono-

biT rom ganicades.

lelelelegengengengendadadada TTTTeTeTeTeTriririri iriririrmimimimisasasasa


erTxel, Zalian didi xnis winaT, saSineli avadmyofoba da-

atyda Tavs umpkuas toms. xalxi wydeboda. Zalian cota gadaur-

Ca avadmyofobas. didxans gaismoda vigvamebSi moTqma-tirili. aso-

186

biT indielma – moxucma Tu axalgazrdam – samudamod daxuWa

Tvali.

bolos tomis eqimbaSma moifiqra, rac unda eqnaT.

- davtovoT sofeli da maRali mTis mwvervalze gadavsax-

ldeTo, - mimarTa man xalxs. – iq axlo viqnebiT did sulTan da

Cvens moTqma-tirilsac ufro gaigonebso.

daujera xalxma. aikides TavianTi vigvamebi da didi mTis

mwvervalisken daadgnen gzas. am mTis gadaRma didi wyali iyo

gaSlili. mTis ferdobze Sefenil mdeloebze maT TavianTi vigva-

mebi dadges da Seudgnen cxovrebas. magram momakvdinebeli seni

kvaldakval gahyva devnilebs, TiTqos sabolood upirebda mo-

celvas.

seni beladis qals, Teolasac Seeyara. mTel toms uyvarda

Teola, maRali da isariviT aSoltili, mtirala tirifiviT

mSvenieri. xalxi mas umpkuas – patara dedas – eZaxda. yvela da-

amwuxra misma avadmyofobam.

yvelas ukve imedi gadaewura, Teola aRar gadarCebao. to-

mis mamakacebi kocons Semosxdomodnen misi vigvamis axlo, Tavebi

CaeqindraT da gulxeli daekrifaT. vigvamSi ki qalebi moTqvam-

dnen da sikvdilis simReras mRerodnen, Tan ferxuls uvlidnen

momakvdavi gogonas sawols.

bneli Rame iyo. uecrad raRac ucnauri moxda. TovliviT

TeTri iremi gamovida tyis ukunidan, uSiSrad gadmoiara mindori

da Teolas vigvamTan msxdar xalxTan mivida. uxmod Sescqeroda

gaocebuli xalxi, rogor Semouara iremma samjer vigvams. yovel

Semovlaze momakvdavs Seavlebda xolme Tvals.

mesame Semovlis Semdeg igi vigvamSi Sevida da gogomac xe-

li gauwoda. iremi drunCiT Seexo mis xels, mere ki kvlav bnel

Rames Seeria.

wavida Tu ara iremi, Teola sawolidan wamodga da Tavis

xalxTan gamovida.

- me ukve kargad var, kargad, - yviroda igi. – didi TeTri

sulis angelozma kocniT waiRo Cemi avadmyofoba!

ai, amis Semdeg aris, rom umpkuas tomis indielebi aRar

klaven TeTr irems. igi xelSeuxeblad iTvleba. mas Tayvans sce-

men da uyvarT.

187

SaSaSaSamamamamanininini mamamamaxaxaxaxananananakokokokololololo

tropikuli tyeebi

maxanakolosTana jadoqari Samani jer aravin dabadebuliyo.

frinveliviT SeeZlo frena, SeeZlo frTebi gaeSala da tyes

Tavze moevleboda. diax, diax, man mxolod moindoma da frTebic

gamoeba! sxvadasxva cxovelad qceva misTvis Cveulebrivi ambavi

iyo. Zalian uyvarda iremi da xSirad mis saxes iRebda.

erTxelac iqca irmad. rogor fiqrobT, rad dasWirda? mar-

toxeloba moswyinda da megobris SeZena mounda. da iciT, rogor

moagvara es saqme? – myral irmis mZorad iqcia Tavi. suni ecaT

mefur svavebs da mogrovdnen. ifiqres, gemriel saWmels Seveqce-

viTo. is iyo, Semousxdnen leSs, rom sad iyo da sad ara, mof-

rinda patara Citi da daiwivla:

- Tavs uSveleT, ubedureba geliTo!

svavebma yuric ar Seibertyes da leSs ecnen. mkvdari iremi

uceb wamoxta da Seibertya. SeSinebuli svavebi aqeT-iqiT daf-

rTxnen. Samani tyuilubralod ar moqceula ase. am svavebSi misi

rCeuli ar eria. frinvelebi rom gaiqc-gamoiqcnen, isev moimkvda-

runa Tavi. da ai, maRla, maRla caSi gamoCnda lamazi mefuri

svavi. is iyo mbrZanebeli, ufro sworad dedofali yvela mefuri

svavisa. dinjad CamoeSva mSvenieri svavi miwaze da mkvdar irems

miujda. uceb wamoxta Samani, daiWira svavi da colad SeirTo.

didxans cxovrobdnen isini tkbilad. maT bednierebas erTa-

derTi ram uSlida xels. Samanis cols uricxvi tili eseoda.

magram Samanma am sadardebels uwamla – raRac saponi gamoigona,

waisvamda svavi am sapons da da tipebi moscildeboda. erTxel

maxanokolos colma uTxra:

- ramdeni weliwadia, SenTan vcxovrob, zeviT Cemma keTilma

dedam ki araferi icis amaze. Zalian momenatra. gamiSvi, caSi ves-

tumroo.

- kargi, mec gamovfrindebi dedaSenTano, - miugo Samanma.

oriveni afrindnen caSi. svavebis dedas akatus eZaxdnen.

yvelani did pativs scemdnen akatus, magram misi saxe arasodes

aravis enaxa. is dRisiTac da RamiTac Tavis hamakSi iwva da ara-

vis eCveneboda.

akatus Zalian gauxarda Svilis naxva, Tanac aseTi qmris

gverdiT. man maSinve moisurva Samanis xelovneba gamoecada da ma-

xanakolos ubrZana, iseTi skami gamomiTale, Cems Tavs hgavdeso.

188

aba, rogor unda Seesrulebina Samans sisdedris survili? – aka-

tu hamakSi iwva da maxanakolo imas vera xedavda. magram tyui-

lad xom ar hqonda mimadlebuli yvela sulieris mbrZanebloba.

saSvelad wiTel WianWvelebs uxmo. WianWvelebi Seebnen akatus,

dauwyes kbena. akatum veRar moiTmina da wamoxta. Samani am dros

hamakis qveS ijda. dainaxa akatu. iciT, ra naxa? – akatus erTi

ki ara, Tormeti Tavi eba. maxanakolos xma ar amouRia. svavTa

deda kmayofili darCa da xmamaRla uTxra:

- diax, vxedav, namdvilad gawafuli Samani xar!

magram akatusTvis es cota aRmoCnda. axla maxanakolos

mosTxova:

- aiRe ankesi, wadi tbaze da Tevzi momarTvi.

usmina Samanma, wavida tbaze, daiWira uSvelebeli Tevziebi

da ukan gamoeSura. gzad didi Tevzebi patarebad aqcia, foTleb-

Si Seaxvia da sidedrs miarTva.

- rogor gabede da makadre amisTana WiWyinebis motanao? –

daiRriala akatum da gabrazebulma Sors gadayara Tevzebi.

WiWyinebi wamsve uSvelebel lamaz Tevzebad iqcnen. akatum

gaoceba ver dafara:

- ai, mesmis, namdvili gawafuli Samani xaro!

amasac ar dasjerda akatu. siZes uTxra:

- ai, kalaTi, wadi, wyali momitane, mwyuriao.

Samanma icoda, kalaTiT wyals ver moitanda, magram aRar

SeekamaTa, aiRo kalaTa da wavida. bevri ecada, mainc ver moifiq-

ra, rogor moetana wyali kalaTiT. iqve WianWvela micocavda.

Samans hkiTxa:

- ras Svrebio?

maxanakolom uambo Tavisi gasaWiri.

- nu wuxxar, - giSvelio, - uTxra WianWvelam.

adga da kalaTas nasvretebi nerwyviT amouglisa. kalaTas

wyali ar gasdioda. maxanakolom gaavso kalaTa, miutana akatus

da uTxra:

- aha, wyali mogitaneo.

Zalian gaukvirda akatusda mesamed Tqva:

- diax, vxedav, Zalian gawafuli Samani xar. – mere kidev

erTxel dasZina: - yvela Samanze ufro gawafulio.

akatum moixmo Tavisi Svilebi da ubrZana, SamanisTvis didi

da mSvenieri baRi gaeSenebinaT.

189

- aseTi gawafuli Samani samudamod CvenTan unda darCes, -

Tqva man. es ki Tqva akatum, magram gulSi SiSi hqonda Separuli.

amitom Svilebs saidumlod ubrZana:

- baRSi mosasveneblad rom wamowveba, mokaliTo.

SvilTa Soris erT-erTma Samans acnoba, rasac upirebdnen.

- gvibrZana, mogklaT, roca baRSi mosasveneblad wamowvebi.

male gaiqeci, Tavs uSveleo.

Samanma yurad ar iRo keTili svavis gafrTxileba.

- arc mifiqria, samudamod TqvenTan davrCeniliyavi, - uT-

xra man, magram sanam Sin gavemgzavrebode, erTxel kidev minda

Cemi xelovneba gamovavlino da cbieri akatu gavacuroo.

meore dRes, dilaadrian, baRi mzad iyo, garSemo maRali

Robe ertya. akatus eWvic ar epareboda, rom Samani baRs Tavs

ver daaRwevda. da mainc, maxanakolom amjeradac ajoba akatus.

Tavisma sayvarelma fleitam uSvela. fleitas mravali nasvreti

hqonda. Samanma baRis zRudeSi ipova viwro xvreli, fleita Sig

ise SeaZvrina, rom sami nasvreti Robis gareT moqceuliyo. Tvi-

Ton buzad iqca, SeZvra fleitaSi da gareT amoyo Tavi. movidnen

svavebi maxanakolos mosaklavad, magram misi kvali sadRac gam-

qraliyo. mxolod sadRac, Robis iqiT mxiarulobda fleita. ase

gaacura Samanma maxanakolom svavebi da dedamiwaze dabrunda.

sasasasaiiiidadadadan gn gn gn gaCaCaCaCndandandanda kkkkakakakaktutututusisisisi pepepepeiiiiooootetetete

meqsika

erTxel axalgazrda princi xikuli iremze sanadirod wavi-

da. tyeSi princs saSineli urCxulebi Semoexvivnen da misi mok-

vla undodaT. Wabuki jadoqrobiT RurRut tyeSi Seityues, xel-

fexi Seukres da galiaSi Casves.

amaod cdilobda princi borkilebis moxsnas. galiasTan er-

Ti didi, bumbuliT mosili iaguari movida da princs uTxra,

erTi frTa gamomaZvreo. sinamdvileSi igi iaguari ki ara, boro-

ti jadoqari iyo da undoda, princi ecTunebina. princi iaguars

frTas Tu gamoaZrobda, saSineli ubedureba daatydeboda Tavs.

gaborotebulma iaguarma erTi daiRriala da gaiqca. am dros

190

mgalobeli Citebi stvenas mohyvnen, uxmes mxecebs. Tagvebma

princs xel-fexze borkili gadauRrRnes. sxva mxecebma galiis

cxaurebi daamtvries.

princi gaaTavisufles Tu ara, gaiqca. urCxulebi gamoekid-

nen. RmerTebma princi irmad gadaaqcies, rom ufro swrafad gaq-

ceuliyo, magram boroti sulebi av ZaRlebad iqcnen, daewivnen,

Semoexvivnen da saca iyo dafleTdnen.

uceb iremi gaqra, pawawina girCis msgavs kaktusad iqca da

miwaSi daimala. ase gaCnda kaktusi peiote.

amgvarad dascines RmerTebma urCxulebs, mudam keTili

princi ki aRarasodes gadaqceula adamianad, samudamod kaktus-

peioted darCa, romelic ase sWirdeba adamianebs.

rorororogogogogor r r r dadadadaexexexexmamamamarararara tatatataiiiiiiiinininini aaaadadadadamimimimiaaaanenenenebsbsbsbs

cecxlovani miwa

uxsovar dros erTi boroti da gulqva dedakaci cxovrob-

da, saxelad taita erqva. uZlieresi qali iyo taita, mTeli

lasvaixi mas emorCileboda.

didi xnis wyals danatrebuli lasvaixis xalxi Sav dReSi

iyo. am avma dedakacma mTel wyaroebsa da auzebs, tbebsa da Wao-

bebs tyavi gadaafara da wylis waReba yvelas aukrZala. taitas

sacxovrebelTan uamravma xalxma moiyara Tavi imitom, rom kun-

Zulis sxva adgilebSi maSin saerTod ar iyo wyali.

magram taita ise fxizlad darajobda, wyals veravin iReb-

da. Tu vinme gabedavda axlos misvlas, taita mas didze didi,

TeTri qvis daniT klavda. is ki ara, zRvis mxecebze nadiroba da

moluskebis Segrovebac ki aukrZala xalxs.

didi xani gauZlo xalxma uwylobasa da SimSils. adamianebi

ZlivsRa dalaslasebdnen, bavSvebi exocebodaT. bolos moxucebma

erTad moiyares Tavi, unda gadaewyvitaT, rogor moqceuliyvnen.

im berikacebSi erTi Wkviani da didad pativcemuli moxuci Woti

– kauxi – eria. mas erTi Ronieri da mardi SviliSvili hyavda.

swored es SviliSvili gaaxsenda kauxs da gadawyvita, daebarebi-

na. man berikacebs urCia:

191

- unda movklaT es dedakaci! imas Tu ar movklavT, Cven da-

viRupebiT. wyals ar gvaZlevs da arc saWmeli gvaqvso!

berikacebi yuradRebiT usmendnen da yvelaferSi eTanxmebod-

nen. kauxma erTi Wabuki afrina kolibr taiinTan, Tavis SviliS-

vilTan, TxovniT, rac SeiZleba male modiTo! Caura – Savi SaSvi

– swrafad daadga gzas. oRond RamiT midioda, raTa borot tai-

tas ar daenaxa.

Wabuki taiinTan mivida da uTxra:

- kauxma damabara, male movideso!

taiini swrafad gaemzada da oriveni gzas gaudgnen. roca

mividnen, xalxma taiini damala, raTa borot dedakacs Tvali ar

moekra misTvis. xalxs taiinis damalva ar gasWirvebia – patara

tanis iyo da imitom.

taiins im Rames ar sZinebia, sul imis fiqrSi iyo, rogor

moeSorebina Tavidan gulqva dedakaci. ase gaatara uZilo Rame

Tavis papis, kauxis qoxSi. diliT berikaci SviliSvils Seevedra:

- uwylobiT daviRupebiT, rame unda gviSveloo!

taiini wamoxta da qoxidan gamovida. man dainaxa wyurvili-

Ta da SimSiliT gatanjuli xalxi. taiinis danaxvam yvela gaaxa-

ra.

- taiini, taiini mosulao! – CurCulebdnen aRtacebulebi.

mere axlos modiodnen, rom ukeT SeeTvalierebinaT. oRond

metad frTxilobdnen, taiini ar gavceTo.

- taitas mosaklavad marto wadi. rac ar unda iyos, naTe-

savi var da mis mokvlas ver vuyurebo! – uTxra kauxma taiins.

taiini papis qoxidan pirdapir qor-karkaiusTan wavida. moi-

TaTbires, rogor moeklaT taita, da mis qoxs mieparnen.

taiini Surduls xerxianad isroda. metad Ronieric iyo.

misi nasroli qva yovelTvis mizans xvdeboda, Tanac ise Zlie-

rad, rom irgvliv sul Waxanis xma dgeboda. Wabukebi axlos mi-

cocdnen da daelodnen, magram boroti dedakaci arsad Canda.

gverdigverd mdgari Wabukebi mouTmenlad elodnen mis gamoCenas...

bolos taitam qoxidan gamoixeda, taiinma uzarmazari qva iseTi

ZaliT esrola, rom Tavi waaglija! sisxlma maRla aasxa da yve-

la mxares moefina. rogorc iqna, sazizRari dedakaci mokvda.

xalxi imav wuTs gaCnda maTTan. wyali unda aeRoT – yvela-

ni xom wyurviliT itanjebodnen! samwuxarod, yvela gubeSi, Wa-

obsa Tu tbaSi taitas TiTo wveTi sisxli mainc Cavardniliyo!

aseTi wylis daleva ki ar undodaT. ra unda eqnaT? rogor amo-

192

esufTavebinaT wylebi, rogor moeSorebinaT sisxli? yvelani ime-

diT Sescqerodnen taiins, iqneb rame gveSveloso. marTlac, man

amoxapa WuWyiani wyali da Sors CrdiloeTisaken gadaRvara, iq,

sadac didi kunZuli mTavrdeba. im adgilebSi wyali axlac sis-

xliviT wiTelia.

kauxi uyurebda taiins da dauyvira:

- sayvarelo SviliSvilo, Cems sacxovrebel adgilas, naSa-

SabSi nu gadaRvri mag WuWyian wyalso.

taiinma daujera. amitomac im mxareSi mudam gamWvirvale da

ankara wylebia. male taiinma WuWyiani wylis xapvas Tavi aneba.

amis magivrad qvebs daavlo xeli da SurduliT aqeT-iqiT dauw-

yo srola. saca ki qva davardeboda, miwa ipoboda da napralebSi

wyali miedineboda. taiini aravis rCevas yurs ar ugdebda, sai-

Tac moeprianeboda, iqiT isroda qvebs! erTi kldis uzarmazari

natexi CrdiloeTisaken gaisrola: iq farTo, grZeli naprali

gaCnda da didi kunZuli dedamiwas gamoeyo. dasavleTsa da aRmo-

savleTisken gasrolilma qvebma uamravi patar-patara kunZuli

warmoSva. yvelgan, saiTac ki qvas gastyorcnida, kunZuli Cndebo-

da. selknamebis (indielTa erT-erTi tomi) samSoblo sul gamoe-

yo Tavis garemomcvel miwas da warmoiSva uzarmazari kunZuli.

maSin brZenma kauxma taiins, Tavis SviliSvils uTxra:

- geyofa, nuRar isvri qvebs, Torem yvelafers davkargavTo!

taiinma Surduli Zirs dauSva. adamianebs xom ukve hqondaT

sufTa wyali, Tanac imdeni, ramdenic moesurvebodaT!

taiinma kamkama wyali irgvliv moasxura. sadac ki wylis wve-

Ti daeca, wyaroebi, nakadulebi da mdinareebi gaCnda. amitomaa,

rom axla wyals CvenTan yvelgan Sexvdebi.

taiini sulmouTqmelad daewafa wyals. mas Semdeg igi yvel-

gan da yovelTvis pirveli svams wyals, WamiTac pirveli Wams da

sxvebis jeri mere dgeba. taiini yvelaze mTavari misania. sxva

xalxma mis Semdeg daiwyo wylis daleva, Tanac rac wyalSi ipo-

veboda, imasac iRebdnen. amitomac iyvnen gaxarebulni da yvelaf-

riT kmayofilni.

193

aaaararararamamamamasasasasa da RvTda RvTda RvTda RvTisisisismSomSomSomSobebebebelililili

brazilia

erTxel RvTismSobeli amazonis napiras seirnobda. amazon-

Si, saerTod, okeanis mimoqceva SesarTavidan Zalian did manZil-

ze igrZnoba.

RvTismSobelma talRebSi Tvali mohkra Tevz aramasas, dai-

xara da alersiT hkiTxa:

- aramasa, Tu SeiZleba, miTxari, wyali matulobs Tu kle-

bulobso?

im dros Cveni RvTismSobeli ukve moxucebuli iyo da xma

cota uTrToda. aramasa ki imis magivrad, rom RvTismSoblisTvis

mowiwebiT epasuxa, ukadrisad moiqca. piri moRrica da gamoajav-

ra:

- aramasa, Tu SeiZleba, miTxari, wyali matulobs Tu kle-

bulobso?

maSin RvTismSobelma daswyevla Tevzi. im dRidan aramasas

piri moRrecili aqvs.

mmmmSiSiSiSieeeeriririri gggglelelelexixixixi, Rm, Rm, Rm, RmererererTiTiTiTi da sda sda sda sikikikikvdivdivdivdililililis s s s JaJaJaJamimimimi

meqsika

qalaq sakatekasis maxloblad erTi sawyali glexi cxov-

robda. Tavisi mindvris mosavali col-Svilis gamosakvebad ara-

sodes ar hyofnida. rac wlebi gadioda, sul naklebi da naklebi

mosavali mosdioda, ojaxi ki izrdeboda. ase rom, TavisTvis

saWmeli aRar rCeboda. rasac iwevda, sul col-Svils aWmevda.

glexma veRar moiTmina SimSili. erT dRes wiwila moipara

da gadawyvita, Sors waeRo da iq SeeWama. veravin ipovida da ve-

Rar Seexveweboda, maWameo.

waiRo glexma patara qvabi da Soreuli mTis ferdobisaken

gaiqca. cecxli gaaCaRa, wiwila gabrdRvna, qvabSi Cado, Tan aTas-

nairi balaxbulaxic Caayola, rom gemrieli wvniani moemzadebina.

kerZi rom moixarSa, glexma qvabi cecxlidan gadmoiRo da

mouTmenlad eloda mis gaciebas. Wamas unda Sedgomoda, rom xe-

194

davs, misken kaci modis, sul ladinos hgavs. glexma maSinve qva-

bi buCqebSi damala da gulSi Seigina: eSmakma daswyevlos, kacis

Tvals aqac ver davemaleo.

mivida masTan ucnobi kaci da miesalma:

- mSvidobis dila, Zmobilo!

- RmerTma mSvidoba nu mogiSaloTo, - miugo glexma.

- aq ras akeTeb, Zmobilo?

- arafers, senior, visveneb. Tqven ki, Tqveno brwyinvalebav,

saiT gagiweviaTo?

- me ise Camoviare da vifiqre, modi, vkiTxav, saWmeli xom

araferi aqvs-meTqi.

- ara, senior, araferi maqvso.

- rogor Tu araferi gaqvs, maS es cecxli rad gagiCaRebi-

ao.

- es ra cecxlia, xelebis gasaTbobad davanTeo.

- rasa cruob, axla ar iyo, buCqebSi qvabi damale! qaTmis

xorcis suni aqac ki mcemso.

- diax, senior, marTlac maqvs qaTmis xorci, magram Tvali-

Tac ver daganaxvebT. Tqven ki ara, sakuTar Svilebsac ver gavu-

nawileb. aq imitom movedi, rom Cems sicocxleSi erTxel mainc

gavmZRariyavi. Cems saWmels vera, ver gagiyofTo.

- modi, davmegobrdeT, nu Zunwob. erTi patara naWeri mainc

maWameo.

- ara, senior, namcecsac ver gaWmev. mudam mSieri var, Cems

sicocxleSi ar gavmZRarvaro.

- cota mainc maWame, uars albaT imitom meubnebi, ar ici,

vina var.

- vinc ar unda iyo, ver gaWmevo.

- ara, maWmev, rogorc ki Cems vinaobas getyvio.

- kargi, miTxari, vina xaro?

- me RmerTi var, Seni mbrZanebelio.

- raxan eg miTxari, erT namcecsac ver miiReb. Raribebi

sul ar gecodeba. yvelafers imas aZlev, vinc mogwons. zogs ma-

mulebs, sasaxleebs, etlebs, cxenebs aZlev, CemisTanebi ki ar

gebraleba. CemTvis arasodes saWmelic ar mogicia samyofad. ho-

da, axla mec lukmas ar gaWmevo.

RmerTi didxans exveweboda, magram glexi vera da ver dai-

yolia. adga RmerTi da ukan gabrunda.

195

is iyo, glexi Wamas unda Sedgomoda, rom axla Tavs sxva

ucnobi, mitkaliviT gafiTrebuli, gamxdari kaci wamoadga.

- gamarjoba, megobaro, saWmeli xom araferi gaqvso? – uT-

xra glexs.

- ara, senior, araferi maqvso.

- qvawvia nu xar, momeci xorcis naWeri, axla ar daginaxe,

buCqebSi rom gadamaleo?

- ara, senior, ver gaWmevo.

- maWame, uars albaT imitom meubnebi, ar ici, vina varo.

- iseTi vin unda iyo? TviT RmerTi, Cveni mbrZanebelic

xelcarieli gavistumre. imas araferi miveci da Sen mogcemo?

- rom gaigeb, vina var, momcemo!

- maS miTxari, vina xaro.

- me sikvdilis Jami varo.

- Sen ki gagiyof qaTmis xorcs, radgan samarTliani xar.

ganurCevlad migyavs yvela: msuqanica da gamxdaric, beberica da

axalgazrdac, Raribica da mdidaric. SenTvis yvela erTia, ara-

vin giyvars. Sen marTla gaWmev qaTmis xorcso.

qaqaqaqaCaCaCaCalililili

brazilia

iyo erTi wvrilSvili kaci. ojaxis rCena Zalian uWirda,

Svilebi ki uCndeboda da uCndeboda. sawyali kaci dRe da Rame

imas fiqrobda, ra xeloba avirCio iseTi, rom lukmapuri ar mo-

makldeso. ifiqra, ifiqra da bolos gadawyvita, meTevzeoba daew-

yo. marTlac, dasaxlda mdinaris piras, iWerda Tevzs da col-

Svils imiT arCenda.

erTxel kaci saTevzaod wavida, Sin ki mosaloginebeli co-

li datova. isrola kacma bade – erTi Tevzic ar mohyolia. is-

rola meored – mainc araferi, WiWyinac ki ver daiWira. daRonda

mebaduri, is iyo Sin xelcarieli apirebda dabrunebas, rom uceb

mdinaris siRrmidan raRac xma Semoesma.

196

- Tu maCuqeb imas, rac Sens ojaxSi dRes gaCndeba, uamrav

Tevzs dagaWerinebo!

mebaduri dafiqrda. ra SeiZleba gaCndes dRes Cems ojaxSi?

mgoni, Cemma ZaRlma dRe-dReze lekvebi unda dayaroso. coli ki

sul mTlad gadaaviwyda.

- keTilio! – miugo mebadurma.

- aba maS bade isroleo, - moesma pasuxad.

isrola kacma bade da, marTlac, uamravi Tevzi mohyva. kaci

gaxarebuli gaemarTa Sinisaken. gzad erT-erTi vaJiSvili Seegeba

da axara:

- biWi gagviCndao!

Sevida mebaduri saxlSi da ras xedavs: cols gverdiT

axaldabadebuli Cvili bavSvi uwevs – janmrTeli da lamazi bi-

Wuna. karga xans idga mebaduri damunjebuliviT, bolos Zlivs

amoiRo xma:

- dedakaco, mdinaresTan erTi indieli qali cxovrobs. saw-

yals bavSvi moukvda. modi, es biWi imas mivceT, gazardoso!

dedas Zlier umZimda vaJis gaSvileba, magram qmris sityvas

ver gadavidoda.

mebadurma Cvili mdinaresTan miiyvana da, saidanac xma moes-

ma, swored im adgilas isrola. bavSvi talRebSi gauCinarda, mag-

ram ar damxrCvala, micuravda da micuravda mdinaris siRrmisa-

ken, vidre mdidrulad morTul wyalqveSa sasaxleSi ar moxvda.

im dRidan biWi am sasaxleSi izrdeboda da ise davaJkacda, Ze-

xorcieli aravin unaxavs.

erTxel erTi kaci mivida masTan da uTxra:

- me mamaSeni var. saqmeze mivdivar da ori kviriT unda dag-

tovo. – mere gasaRebebis Sekvra gadasca, - aha, es gasaRebebi ga-

momarTvi, mxolod icode, arcerTi karis gaReba ar gabedo, To-

rem davbrundebi da cocxali ver gadamirCebio. – daemuqra da

wavida.

ymawvilma zustad Seasrula mamis brZaneba. ori kviris Sem-

deg kaci dabrunda da vaJs ekiTxeba:

- aba, Svilo, yvelaferi rigze ariso?

- diaxo, - miugo Svilma.

gavida kidev ori kvira da mamam Svils uTxra:

- cota xniT kidev unda dagtovo. ai, gasaRebebi, gamomar-

Tvi, magram icode, arcerTi kari ar gaaRo da arafers Seexo,

Torem vai Sens dResao.

197

daemuqra da wavida.

ymawvili marto darCa. axla ki veRar moiTmina, aiRo gasa-

Rebebi da erTi kari gaaRo. oTaxSi sami uSvelebeli qvabi idga:

erTSi oqro duRda, meoreSi – vercxli, mesameSi – spilenZi.

ymawvilma oqros qvabSi TiTi Cahyo da, hoi, saocrebav! –

TiTi oqrod ar eqca! bevri ixexa, sapniTac ibaan, magram verafe-

ri uSvela. raRa unda eqna, adga da naWriT Seixvia. Semdeg sxva

oTaxis karic gaaRo. am oTaxSi sami uSvelebeli cxeni idga –

yornisferi, TeTri da wablisferi. samiveni balaxis magivrad

xorcsa sWamdenn. ymawvilma axla mesame kari gaaRo, oTaxSi uSve-

lebeli lomi iwva da xorcis magivrad balaxsa Wamda. meoTxe

oTaxSi didi magida idga. magidaze sami yuTi ido. erT yuTSi

cisferi qaRaldebi eyara, meoreSi TeTri, mesameSi ki sxvadas-

xvagvari daSna, Tofi da saWurveli ewyo. ymawvilma SiSiT xeli

verafers axlo da swrafad daketa yvela oTaxis kari.

ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da hkiTxa:

- yvelaferi rigzea Tu arao?

- diax, mama, yvelaferi rigzea, xeli arafrisTvis mixliao,

- miugo Svilma.

magram nanaxi saswaulebi mosvenebas ar aZlevda ymawvils.

yvelaze metad is aocebda, ratom Wamdnen cxenebi xorcs da lo-

mi ki balaxs. ymawvilma gadawyvita, radac ar unda dajdomoda,

daebrunebina maTTvis Zveli Cveuleba.

ori kviris Semdeg mama isev wavida. rogorc ki marto dar-

Ca, ymawvili Sevarda cxenebis oTaxSi da, is iyo, xorci unda ae-

Ro, rom erTma cxenma uTxra:

- xeli arafers axlo, Torem mamaSens cocxali ver gada-

urCebi. Tu aqedan gaqceva gsurs, Sedi im oTaxSi, sadac yuTebi

alagia. amoiRe ori qaRaldi – cisferi da TeTri, amoirCie la-

mazi tansacmeli da Caicvi, SeiaraRdi da romelime Cvengans Sea-

jeqi, meore ki aRviriT gaiyole, mamaSeni gamogvidgeba, rom dag-

veweva, jer erTi qaRaldi gadaagde, mere – meore, danarCenze ki

me TviTon vizrunebo.

ymawvils cxenma isic ubrZana, oqros qvabSi Tavi Cayavi da

oqrosTmiani gaxdebio.

ymawvilma yvelaferi Seasrula: oqros qvabSi Tavi Cayo, me-

re lamazi tansacmeli gadaicva, iaraRi aisxa, jibeSi ori qaRal-

di Caido, wablisfer cxens Seajda, TeTra aRviriT waiyvana da

ufro metad rom gaececxlebina mama, loms balaxi aacala da

198

yornisfer cxens dauyara, xolo cxenebis xorci ki loms miug-

do. Semdeg hkra dezi wablas da gaaqrola.

ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da mixvda, Svils misi

brZaneba ar Seesrulebina. gacecxlebuli moaxta Savra cxens da

ymawvils gamoudga.

sdia da, bolos, daewia kidec. wabla cxenma igrZno saf-

rTxis moaxloveba da ymawvils urCia, TeTri qaRaldi gadaagdeo.

gadaagdo Tu ara TeTri qaRaldi, maT ukan saSineli nisli Ca-

mowva. magram Savra metismetad sazriani cxeni iyo, Tumca didi

jafa daadga, mainc gaikvlia gza. amasobaSi ymawvilma karga manZi-

liT Camoitova mdevari. mamam sdia, sdia da bolos isev wamoewia

ymawvils. ymawvilma axla cisferi qaRaldi isrola. qaRaldi

farfatiT daeca Zirs da gauval jagnarad iqca. Savras patroni

Seexvewa:

- oRond am jagnars gadamatare da jados mogxsnio!

- maSin unagiri da aRviri amxseni da ubeloze Semajeqio!

patronma daujera da SiSvel zurgze moaxta cxens, Savram

ki, Sevarda Tu ara jagnarSi, mxedari Zirs gadmoagdo da suli

gaacxebina. mere wamoewia ymawvils da masTan erTad gaqusla. wab-

la cxeni rom moiqanca, ymawvili axla TeTr cxenze gadajda.

iares, iares, da bolos karga Sors Tvali mohkres erT qa-

laqs.

cxenebma ymawvils uTxres:

- axla Cven aq davrCebiT da lodebad viqceviT. Sen eg tan-

sacmeli gaixade, iaraRi aiyare da qalaqisken gaswi. gzad mkvdar

xars naxav. amoaWeri buSti, gabere da Tavze daixure, rom oqros

Tmebi dagefaros. mere wadi da beds ewie. Tu gagiWirdes, CvenTan

modi da giSveliTo.

ymawvili swored ise moiqca, rogorc cxenebma daariges:

moZebna mkvdari xari, amoaWra buSti, daixura Tavze da ise Sevi-

da qalaqSi.

bevri iara Tu cota iara, xelmwifis sasaxles miadga da

WiSkarze daabraxuna. ezodan mebaRem gamoixeda da hkiTxa:

- ra gindao?

- iqneb cotaodeni ram maWamo, ise mSia, fexze Zlivsa vdga-

var, - sTxova ymawvilma. mere isic daayola, - TanaSemwed xom ar

amiyvandio.

199

mebaRes Seebrala da mgzavri ezoSi SeipatiJa. daapura da

mere hkiTxa, ra gqviao. me usaxelo varo, - miugo ymawvilma. ma-

Sin qaCali gerqvaso! – uTxra mebaRem.

gavida xani. cxovrobda qaCali sasaxleSi da uvlida xel-

mwifis baRs. erTxel ymawvili forToxlis xes amoefara da qu-

di moixada, rom oqros Tmebi daevarcxna. swored am dros xel-

mwifis umcrosi asuli fanjridan iyureboda. qalma Tvali moh-

kra Tu ara vaJs, maSinve Seuyvarda.

meore diliT moxucma mebaRem, Cveulebisamebr, xelmwifis

samive asuls yvavilebis Taiguli miarTva. mebaRe rom Sevida,

xelmwifis umcrosma asulma uTxra:

- xvalidan yvavilebi qaCalma momitanoso!

xelmwife da ufrosi debi am ucnauri survilis gamo go-

gonas masxrad igdebdnen. is ki Tavisas gaiZaxoda. im dRidan

xelmwifis umcros asulTan yvavilebi, marTlac, qaCals mohqon-

da.

erTxel am saxelmwifoSi jiriTi unda gaemarTaT da yvela-

ni sayureblad wavidnen. sasaxleSi marto qaCaliRa darCa.

- waval, mWedelTan Sevivli da vTxov didi dana gamomiWe-

doso! – uTxra man moxuc mebaRes.

rogorc ki Tavi gaiTavisufla, maSinve lodebisaken gaeqana.

yvelaferi uambo cxenebs, da daxmareba sTxova. uceb, sad iyo,

sad ara, mdidrulad mokazmuli wabla gaCnda. ymawvilma tansac-

meli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti moiZro da oqrosferi

Tmebi mxrebze Camoiyara. mere im wablisfer cxens moaxta da ase

gamowyobili Sejibrze wavida. SejibrSi yvela mowinaaRmdege ra-

indi dajabna. Subis erTi tyorcniT Camoagdo samizneze Semode-

buli rgoli da xelmwifis umcros asuls miarTva. xelmwifis

asulma ki mwvane babTa aCuqa. raindma babTa Tavis Subs Semoaxvia

da gauCinarda. yvela aRtacebuli iyo misi garegnobiT da vaJka-

cobiT, magram aravin icoda, vin iyo da saidan movida. – rogorc

moulodnelad moevlinaT Wabuki, ise moulodnelad gaqra.

xelmwife da misi asulebi sasaxleSi rom dabrundnen, qaCa-

li isev baRSi muSaobda. cota xnis mere moxuci mebaRec dabrun-

da dResaswaulidan da qaCals dawvrilebiT mouyva jiriTis amba-

vi. oqrosTmiani raindic ar daviwyebia: misi asaval-dasavali ara-

vin icoda, amitom xelmwifem brZaneba gasca, Tu is ymawvili

xval Sejibrze kidev gamoCnda, SeipyariT da momgvareTo! Sejib-

200

ris adgilas yaraulebs daayeneben da ucnobi xelidan veRar da-

usxltebaTo... – daasrula moxucma mebaRem.

meore dRes qaCalma, Cveulebisamebr miarTva Taiguli xel-

mwifis umcros asuls. qali ukve avadmyofurad iyo Seyvarebuli

vaJze. xelmwifis asulma qaCals rom Sexeda, moeCvena TiTqos

swored is unda yofiliyo oqrosTmiani raindi.

jiriTi meore dResac grZeldeboda. qaCalma isev sTxova

moxuc mebaRes, mWedelTan gamiSvio, guSin mWedelic doRze iyo

da dana ver momiswroo. gauSva Tu ara, qaCali maSinve lodebTan

gaCnda. mis Zaxilze wablaze ufro mdidrulad Sekazmuli TeTra

movarda. ymawvilma tansacmeli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti

moiZro da TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli jiriTze gamocxadda. im

dRes ufro met xalxs moeyara Tavi. xelmwifis mcvelebi ukve

Casafrebulebi iyvnen. oqrosTmiani raindis danaxvam yvela gaaoca.

rogorc ki Sejibris dawyebis niSani misces, ymawvilma cxeni qa-

riviT gaaqrola, cxendacxen Camoxsna oqros rgoli da xelmwi-

fis umcros asuls miarTva. man ki samagierod alisferi babTa

usaxsovra. ymawvilma is babTac Subs Seaba da, is iyo, moabruna

kidec Tavisi TeTra gasaWeneblad, rom irgvliv xelmwifis mcve-

lebi Semoertynen. maSin mxedarma mcvelebs Tavze gadaavlo cxeni

da gauCinarda.

xelmwife da misi asulebi sasaxleSi rom dabrundnen, qaCa-

li baRSi daxvdaT da winandeburad miwas CiCqnida.

xelmwifis umcrosi asuli meti siyvarulisgan mTlad Ca-

moxma da dailia. magram meore dRes, man kidev mohkra Tvali qa-

Cals, igi fanCaturSi idga da oqros Tmebs ivarcxnida. qali sa-

bolood darwmunda, qaCali swored is mzeWabuki ariso da sixa-

rulisagan aRar icoda, ra eqna.

Sejibri mesame dRes mTavrdeboda da yvela iq wavida. qaCa-

li kvlav daeTxova moxuc mebaRes, mWedelTan gamiSvio.

rogorc ki lodebTan mivida, didebulad mokazmuli Savra

cxeni masTan gaCnda. ymawvili Semoaxta cxens da moednisken gaa-

Wena. kargad rom miuaxlovda, dainaxa, xelmwifis SeiaraRebuli

razmi, razmi mis gamoCenas eloda. ymawvils ar SeSinebia. hkra

cxens dezi, mesamedac Camoxsna rgoli da Tavis rCeuls miarTva.

ukan rom gamotrialda, ymawvils mcvelebi gars Semoertynen Se-

sapyrobad, magram Savram erTi Seinavarda, yvelas Tavze gadaevlo

da moCvenebasaviT gaqra.

201

dabrunda xelmwife Tavisi ojaxiT sasaxleSi, qaCali ki

Zveleburad baRSi iCiCqneboda. aba vin ifiqrebda, rom swored es

iqneboda oqrosTmiani raindi.

xelmwifis umcrosma asulma ki yvelaferi icoda.

im xanebSi saxelmwifos erTi SvidTaviani urCxuli SemoeC-

via. irgvliv yvelaferi gaacamtvera da didZali xalxi gadasan-

sla. veravin SeZlo misi damarcxeba. xelmwifem brZana, vinc am

urCxulTagan gvixsnis, Cems ufros qaliSvils SevrTavo. magram

aba, vin gabedavda saSinel metoqesTan SebrZolebas! maSin qaCali

Cumad wavida Tavis saswaulmoqmed lodebTan da dawvrilebiT

uambo yvelaferi. uceb mis win Savra cxeni gaCnda da ymawvils

aseTi rCeva misca:

- kiserze didi sarke Camomkide, zed Semajeqi da uSiSrad

gaswi urCxulisaken. urCxuli Tavis oreuls rom dainaxavs sar-

keSi, meore urCxuli egoneba da SekrTeba, Sen amasobaSi dro

ixelTe, Seutie da ueWvelad daamarcxebo.

ymawvili asec moiqca. gangmira SvidTaviani urCxuli. ur-

Cxulis mokvlis ambavi da mTels saxelmwifoSi gaakres xelmwi-

fis brZaneba: - urCxulis mkvleli saCqarod sasaxleSi gamoc-

xaddeso, magram sasaxleSi aravin misula. maSin xelmwifem gadaw-

yvita, samive asuli saCqarod – Tundac imave dRes – gaeTxovebi-

na. daiwyes sasiZo ufliswulebis amorCeva. moulodnelad um-

crosma asulma mamas ganucxada, qaCali mebaRis garda colad

aravis gavyvebio. xelmwife metismetad ganurisxda umcros

asuls, magram mainc verafers gaxda.

qorwilis dRes xelmwifem gadawyvita, didi nadimi gadaexa-

da da Tavis sasiZoebs daavala, qorwilisTvis rac SeiZleba bev-

ri gareuli frinveli daxoceTo.

ufliswulebma sanadirod sxvadasxva mxares gaswies, magram

erTi Citic ki ver mokles. samagierod, qaCalma imarjva – Tavisi

cxenebis daxmarebiT imdeni frinveli daxoca, mTels saxelmwi-

fos eyofoda. nanadireviT datvirTul qaCals gzaze sasiZoebi

Semoeyarnen. erTma sasiZom sTxova, Seni nanadirevi momyideo. qa-

Cali daTanxmda, mxolod xelwerili CamoarTva da Seinaxa.

dadga qorwilis dRec. yvela sagangebod gamowyobili ga-

mocxadda sasaxleSi. mxolod qaCals ecva ubralo tansacmeli.

sxvebi mxiarulobdnen, is ki uxmod ijda kuTxeSi. nadimis dasas-

ruls xelmwifem gamoacxada:

202

- vidre daviSlebodeT, modiT, yvela Cemma sasiZom raime

TavSesaqcevi ambavi gviTxraso...

adga ufrosi siZe da daiwyo:

- SvidTaviani urCxuli me gavgmire, magram amaze sityvac ar

damiZravs, radgan mindoda, xelmwifis asuls Tavisi gulis kar-

naxiT amoerCia Cemi Tavi da ara mamis brZanebiTo, - man simar-

Tlis dasadastureblad yvelas urCxulis enis amonakveTebi uCve-

na.

Semdeg momdevno siZe wamodga da Tqva:

- Tqven rom dRes frinvelebi miirTviT, sul Cemi daxoci-

li iyoo...

bolos qaCalis jeric dadga.

- axla me momismineT, ras gvetyviTo, - Tqva man, - orive

ufliswuli tyuis. is SvidTaviani urCxuli me movkali. ai, misi

enebi, ufliswuls ki mxolod enis monakveTebi wamouRia. gareu-

li frinvelebic me davxoce da ufliswuls mivyide, amis dasam-

tkicebeli xelwerili aqve maqvs. jiriTSi samjer gamarjvebuli

oqrosTmiani raindic me gaxlavarT. Tu ar gjera, ai is babTebic,

xelmwifis umcrosma asulma rom maCuqao.

qaCalma moiZro Tavidan xaris buSti da gaocebuli xalxis

winaSe Tavisi namdvili saxiT warsdga. xelmwifis ufros siZeebs

miwa rom gaxeTqodaT, is erCiaT. umcrosma asulma ki sixarulis-

gan aRar icoda, ra eqna.

ququququxixixixilililili da da da da mimimimisisisisi sisisisiZeZeZeZe


moesurva erTxel quxilis qaliSvils, colad gahyoloda

ymawvil saisimos. quxils saisimo usaqmur ymawvilad miaCnda,

Tan arc misi ojaxi exateboda didad gulze. amitom gadawyvita,

biWisTvis ramdenime rTuli davaleba mieca, dauZaxa da ubrZana:

- wadi mTaSi da xuTi sxvadasxva mwvervalidan Segrovebu-

li Tovli momitaneo.

203

wavida saisimo da mTidan erTi muWa Tovli Camoutana qu-

xils. ganrisxda quxili, ase cota Tovli ra ariso, lanZRa da

lanZRa ymawvili.

- aba erTi scade da SeWame, - uTxra sasiZom, - maSin dav-

rwmundebi, rom arc ise cota momitaniao.

Wama, Wama quxilma, magram ramdens ar ecada, Tovls mainc

ar akldeboda. ganrisxda quxili. mixvda, rom ymawvilma ajoba;

aiRo da Ria karidan gareT moisrola darCenili Tovli. gaibna

es erTi muWa Tovli da sul erTnairad dafara mTeli dedamiwa,

yvela saxli da xe.

- isev iq waiRe, saidanac moitaneo, - Seevedra quxili biWs.

moagrova saisimom Tovli – mis xelSi isev erT muWad iqca

– da xelaxla Camouriga mwvervalebs.

Sin rom mobrunda, quxilma axla sxva davaleba misca.

- wadi da ori mTis lomi momiyvaneo, - ubrZana, - Tavi un-

da Seviqcioo.

ymawvili male dabrunda da Tan ori SeboWili mTis lomi

moiyvana. Caabara isini quxils, magram is iyo quxilma maTTan ga-

TamaSeba moindoma, rom lomebi ecnen da ise dakawres da dakbi-

nes, kinaRam suli ar amoxades.

- momaSore aqedan! isev iq gayare, saidanac moiyvaneo, - See-

vedra quxili.

saisimo miuaxlovda Tu ara, lomebi maSinve dawynardnen da

mSvidad gahyvnen mTaSi. Sin rom dabrunda, lomebiT SeSinebuli

quxili ukve gons iyo mosuli da axali davaleba gaemzadebina.

- wadi mTaSi da axla ori daTvi momiyvane, rom maTTan Ta-

maSiT gaverToo.

saisimo male dabrunda da Tan ori SeboWili daTvi moiyva-

na. Caabara isini quxils, magram rogorc quxilma maTTan gaTama-

Seba moindoma, daTvebi ukana TaTebze Sedgnen da daetaknen. Se-

Sinda quxili – jerac ar daviwynoda, rogor icavda Tavs lome-

bisagan, - da saisimos saswrafod maTi wayvana ubrZana.

Sin mobrunebul saisimos quxilma uTxra:

- wamo, tyeSi wamyevi da kedaris moris daCexvaSi momexma-

reo.

tyeSi quxilma yvelaze grZeli da mZime mori amoarCia, ga-

upo erTi bolo da napobSi soli Caaso. mere saisimos ubrZana:

napobSi SeZveri da gaafarToveo.

204

daemorCila saisimo. magram SeZvra Tu ara napobSi, quxilma

soli amoaZro da gapobilma morma ymawvili Sig daitana.

- xa, xa, xa! – gaicina quxilma, - xom gaebi! aba, axlac

scade da mag mors Tavi daaRwieo!

Tavisi monafiqriT kmayofili quxili tyidan gamovida da

Sinisaken gaemarTa. is iyo Sedga fexi Tavis saxlSi, rom zur-

gsukan nabijebis xma moesma. mere ki, iqve, saxlTan axlos, gria-

li gaisma, TiTqos raRac mZime davardao. quxilma kari gaaRo da

gamoixeda. karTan saisimo idga, gverdiT ki uzarmazari xe egdo,

- Tan wamoeRo tyidan. gaocebulma quxilma aRar icoda, kidev

ra davaleba SeiZleboda mieca saisimosTvis.

bolos moifiqra:

- Cadi miwisqveSa samyaroSi da sinaTlis burTi momitane.

im burTiT iqaurebi erTobian xolme. xan aqeT gaagoreben, xan –

iqiT, burTi ki anaTebs. hoda, minda, es burTi maT waarTva da aq

momitanoo.

raRas izamda saisimo, Cavida miwisqveSa samyaroSi, iq mar-

Tlac dainaxa manaTobeli burTiT moTamaSe adamianebi, imaTac Se-

amCnies ymawvili da ubrZanes, mand iyav, axlos ar moxvideo. ma-

Sin saisimo kvamlad iqca, magram arc aman uSvela, gadauketes

gza burTisken da TamaSi ganagrZes, xan aqeT gamoagorebdnen, xan

– iqiT.

bolos saisimo iseT ramed gadaiqca, risi danaxvac im ada-

mianebs aRar SeeZloT. kacma ar icis, rad iqca igi. gaeria moTa-

maSeebSi da, roca burTi masTan migorda, dastaca xeli da mi-

wiszeda samyarosaken momavali bilikiT mokurcxla.

rogorc ki saisimom burTi moitaca, miwisqveSa samyaro ma-

Sinve ukunma sibnelem moicva. mdevrebma fisiT gaJRenTili xis

totebisgan CiraRdnebi gaakeTesda imiT gainaTes gza. rac SeeZlo

swrafad gamorboda saisimo, magram arc mdevrebi CamorCebodnen.

is iyo saisimosTvis xeli unda etacnaT, rom quxili da misi me-

gobrebi mieSvelnen.

miwiszeda samyaros rom mouaxlovda, quxilma da misma me-

gobrebma mdevrebs wyali miasxes. wyalma Caaqro CiraRdnebi da

imaTac devnas Tavi anebes. saisimo saR-salamaTi dabrunda Sin da

Tan sinaTlis burTic moitana.

- yoCaR, kargad gaisarje, Svilo Cemo! SegiZlia Cemi qali

colad SeirTo. TxovniT mets aRar Segawuxebo, - uTxra quxil-

ma.

205

aiRo quxilma sinaTlis burTi da amayad SeaTvaliera igi,

Semdeg ki Tavis megobrebs gaunawila. cota kolibrs misca mo-

sarTavad, cota – bocvers mkerdisaTvis, cotac kidev – koda-

las qoCrisaTvis. mere cot-cota danarCen cxovelebsa da frin-

velebsac Camouriga. dResac naxavT maT bumbulsa Tu bewvze wi-

Tel laqebs. yvelaze bevri sinaTle ki quxilma TavisTvis dai-

tova da iRliis qveS damala.

mas Semdeg, roca quxili gajavrdeba da frTebs daiqnevs,

Tvalwin sinaTle gagvikrTeba xolme. misi gajavreba ki swored

is Weqa-quxilia, ase xSirad rom gvesmis.

sasasasamimimimi Zma da Zma da Zma da Zma da babababayayayayayiyiyiyi

meqsika

qveynad erTi glexi cxovrobda. im glexs sami vaJi hyavda.

erT dRes glexma SeamCnia, mis yanas nadiri Tu frinveli SesCve-

oda da anadgurebda. glexma daapira qurdis mokvla, magram aba

ras moklavda, roca imisi kvalic ver aiRo.

danaRvlianda glexi. erT dRes Tavis vaJebs uxmo da uT-

xra: mTels Cems qonebas imas davutoveb, vinc Cemi yanis gamCana-

gebels mkvdars an cocxals momgvriso.

pirvelad umcrosma Zmam daapira wasvla, magram uTxres, be-

di jer ufrosma da saSualom scadoso. ufrosma Zmebma umcross

dacinva dauwyes, SenisTana uWkuom da briyvma aseT saqmes xeli

ar unda mohkidoso.

ufrosma Zmam cxeni, kargi Tofi, sagzali moiTxova da erT

saRamos, roca savse mTvare amovida, gaudga gzas. Suagzaze bayayi

dainaxa. senotes piras mokalaTebuliyo da yiyinebda. daRlili

mgzavri CamoqveiTda da cxeni xeze miaba. mere senotesTan mivida

da bayays uTxra:

- getyoba, daRlili ara xar da imitom yiyinebo!

bayayma miugo:

- Tu mec Tan wamiyvan, getyvi, Tqvens yanas vin anadgurebso.

206

- Sen saidan unda icodeo! – dauyvira Wabukma. mere didxans

ar ufiqria, wamoavlo bayays xeli da wyalSi moisrola. mere

cxens moaxta da gzas gaudga.

mivida ufrosi Zma da xedavs, yana gaoxrebulia, qurdi ki

ar Cans. mTeli Rame iyaraula Wabukma, magram qurdi versad da-

landa. dilas, lodiniT daRlilma da gabrazebulma biWma erTi

magrad Seigina da Sin dabrunda.

mamam hkiTxa ufros vaJs, ra naxeo. Wabukma miugo: wyeul

qurds yana gaunadgurebia. mTeli Rame vuyaraule, Tvali ar mo-

mixuWavs, magram imis kvals ver mivagenio.

- bedma ar gagiRima, Svilo, Cems qonebas Sen ver dagitove-

bo, - uTxra moxucma glexma.

axla meore vaJis jeri dadga, bedi imas unda ecada. mamam

hkiTxa, - Tan ras waiRebo. – Tofs waviReb, abgaSi sagzals Cavi-

lageb, sxva araferi mindao.

gaudga gzas SuaTana vaJi.

Sua gzaze, ufrosi ZmasaviT, imanac bayayi dainaxa. senotes

maxloblad ijda da yiyinebda. ymawvilma uTxra:

- aba, xma Caikminde! am senotesTan unda daviZino da Seni

yiyini ar momasvenebso.

bayayma ki miugo:

- Tu Tan wamiyvan, iseT rames gaCuqeb, Tqveni yanis qurds

daiWero.

- Seni darigeba ar mWirdebao, - miugo Wabukma da daiZina.

bayayi gabrazda da lavaSebi mohpara. gamoiRviZa Wabukma –

sadRaa sagzali! gabrazebulma wamoavlo bayays xeli da gubura-

Si moisrola, TviTon ki yanisaken gaudga gzas.

mivida da ras xedavs: didi Wreli Citi afrinda yanidan.

Wabukma gadmoiRo mxridan Tofi da esrola. mis fexebTan frTebi

dacvivda. Citi ver mokla, magram Wabuks mainc uxaroda, mamasa

da Zmebs movatyueb: raki frTebs vaCveneb, ifiqreben, Citi mouk-

lavso.

Wabuki Sinisken gaeSura da bednieri RimiliT uTxra mamasa

da Zmebs:

- Cveni yanis qurdi movkali. Tu ara gjeraT, ager, frTebi.

memkvidreoba me mekuTvniso.

magram benhaminma, umcrosma Zmam uTxra:

- raRac ar mjera Seni. frTebi rom moitane, frinveli sad-

Raa. axla me waval da Cits ueWvelad daviWero.

207

benhaminma aiRo Tofi, abgaSi sagzali Caiwyo da wavida.

senotes rom miuaxlovda, bayayi dainaxa da uTxra:

- bayayo, rac saWmeli wamoviRe, sul Sen mogcem, Tu met-

yvi, Cvens yanas vin anadgurebs da rogor daviWiro qurdi. mad-

lobis niSnad, saca waval, mudam Tan wagiyvano.

bayays gauxarda da uTxra:

- keTili ymawvili Canxar. Seni Zmebi Zalian mecodebian,

rom ar damijeres da cudad momeqcnen. imaT imitomac ar gauRima

bedma. mixaria, Seni saqme bednierad rom midis. am senotes fsker-

ze natvrisTvali gdia, rasac inatreb, yvelafers Segisrulebso.

Wabuki sixarulisagan lamis gadairia.

- mzeTunaxavi coli rom vTxovo, imasac Semisrulebso?

- es patara kenWi marto lamaz cols ki ara, did, karg

saxlsac gagiCens, rom Sig orivem bednierad icxovroT, - miugo

bayayma.

Wabuks gauxarda, marTla bednieri viqnebi, Tu lamazi co-

li meyoleba da didi, kargi saxli meqnebao. manamde mamisa da

ZmebisaTvis qurdi unda miegvara.

bayayma daamSvida Wabuki, eg survilic agisruldeba. axla

ki yanaSi wadi da qurdi daiWireo.

benhamins rac sagzali wamoeRo, sul SeWames da yanisaken

gaudgnen gzas. mividnen da ras xedaven: erTi didi, lamazi Citi

mofrinda da imaT maxloblad Camojda. Wabukma gadmoiRo mxridan

Tofi, daumizna da is iyo, unda esrola, rom Citma Tavi aswia

da nazi xmiT uTxra:

- Wabuko, ar mesrolo, Torem Sens saxeldebuls moklavo.

gaocebulma, gafiTrebulma benhaminma sityva veRar dasZra

da Tofi Zirs dauSva. Citi mivida da isev eubneba:

- me Citi ki ara, qalwuli var. borotma jadoqarma maqcia

Citad, radgan masaviT boroti vaJis coloba ar visurveo.

Wabuks moagonda, ra sTxova senotes Ziras dagdebul nat-

vrisTvals (bayayma xom uTxra, survili ueWvelad agisrulde-

bao) da mixvda, Citi swored is qalwuli iyo, romelzedac oc-

nebobda. guli sixaruliT aevso da dauZaxa:

- rasac ambob, Tu marTalia, axlos modi. Sin migiyvan da

isev qalad iqcevi. mere ki colad gamomyevi da did, lamaz sax-

lSi bednierad vicxovrebTo.

208

Citi daeTanxma da samiveni Sin wavidnen. Zmebma da mamam rom

dainaxes, benhaminma bayayi da es ucnauri Citi moiyvanao, gaocebi-

sagan xma ver amoiRes. ufro metad gaocdnen, roca Wabukma Tqva:

- me Citi mogiyvaneT, bumbuli ar momitania. es Wamda Cvens

siminds. Citi ar gegonoT, mzeTunaxavi qalia, borotma jadoqarma

aqcia am lamaz Citad. jadoqars ejavreboda, raxan mis vaJs ar

gahyva colad. male isev qalwulad iqceva, radgan senotes

fskerze dagdebuli natvrisTvali Sempirda lamaz colso.

benhaminma axla bayays uTxra:

- Seni SemweobiT es Citi isev qalad iqces da danapirebic

amisruldes – didi, mSvenieri saxlic wamomeWimoso.

bayayma daiyiyina. Citi gaqra da mis adgilas mSvenieri qal-

wuli gaCnda. man madloba gadauxada Tavis mxsnelebs da Wabuks

colobaze daTanxmda.

inaTa Tu ara, gaixedes da ras xedaven saocars: maT win

didi, mSvenieri saxli ar dgas?! aravin icoda, saidan gaCnda. ben-

hamini da mSvenieri qalwuli daqorwindnen. bayayi imaTTan cxov-

robda, yiyinebda da igonebda im dRes, keTil ymawvils rom Sex-

vda.

Surianma Zmebma boroti Caides gulSi, magram benhamins vera

daakles ra. bolos Sercxvenilebi gaiqcnen. qal-vaJi ki darCa

TavianT saxlSi da bednierad, mdidrulad cxovrobdnen.

yayayayanenenenebibibibis ls ls ls lococococvavavava----kkkkururururTxeTxeTxeTxevavavava nawyveti henri longfelos poemidan „haiavaTas simRera“. Targmani o.

WilaZisa

haiavaTaze vimReroT yvelam,

man gaamdidra qveyana Cveni,

man gagviwminda mdinareebi

da mogvaSora avi sulebi.

man daamkvidra mze da mSvidoba

ojibuebis tkbil qveyanaSi

da mondaminis grZneuli Zalac

man moipova xalxisTvis tanjviT.

209

damarxulia mZime najaxi,

xmeli kombalic da mSvild-isaric,

gadaiviwya xalxma yiJina,

yiJina brZolis Jinis aRmZvreli.

da qveynad axla mSvidoba mefobs

da martoxela monadirenic

ukve uSiSrad dadian tyeSi.

ageben aryis lamaz Cimonebs

da daokebul mdinareebSi

bades ivseben gemriel TevziT.

mSvidad Sromoben ukve qalebic,

mSvidad Sromoben nekerCxlis tyeSi,

brinjis yanebSi da venaxebSi.

da damSvidebul soflebis irgvliv

laRad Srialebs mwvane simindi,

laRad Srialebs Tma mondaminis,

laRad Srialebs rbili da nazi.

yovelTvis, roca damzrali miwa

iSorebs xolme Tovlis safarvels,

mindvrebs avseben simindis TesliT

xalisiani soflis qalebi.

xolo nislian Semodgomaze

Seesevian yanebs simReriT,

Seesevian da taroebi

Sinisken miaqvT kabis kalTebiT.

erTxel, rodesac ukve lxveboda

gamTbar xnulebSi simindis Tesli,

Cvenma Wkvianma haiavaTam

TavisTan ixmo `mcinare wyali”

da uTxra ase: ùnda dagloco,

unda akurTxo amRam yanebi,

unda moavlo grZneuli rkali,

rom yvelafrisgan daicva igi,

rom siminds mweric ver miekaros

da verc Txunelas msunagi cxviri.

210

da RamiT, roca bneldeba irgvliv,

roca Cumdeba irgvliv yoveli

da Zilis suli, nepaueni

Cadgeba xolme qoxis karebSi,

ise Cadgeba, rom mTeli Rame

verafers veRar gaigebs yuri,

verafers veRar ixilavs Tvali, -

Senc, Cemo kargo, maSin adeqi

da gadi gareT, sulmTlad SiSveli.

tans gifaravdes mxolod nawnavi,

mxolod nawnavi, mZime da grili.

Semouare yanebs garSemo,

marto iare yanebis irgvliv

da Seni kvali yanebis irgvliv

jadosnur rkalad iqceva uceb

da yanebamde veRar miaRwevs

verc WiaRua, verc kuo-ni-Si,

verc kuo-ni-Si, WriWinobela,

veRarc muxluxo, Zlevamosili“.

xis kenweroze, yanebis axlos,

ijda mSieri yvavebis jari,

ijda kagagi, yoranTa miefe,

garSemortymuli yaCaRTa razmiT

da dascinodnen haiavaTas

xis kenweroze msxdari yvavebi:

„gesmiT? ras ambobs, Wkuis kolofi,

Turme ra fiqri sdebia gulSi“.

ase ambobdnen Savi yvavebi

da cas swvdeboda maTi sicili.

magram, rodesac simindis yanebs

daawva Rame mTeli simZimiT

da kvlav amRerda bolokarkazi

muqi CrdilebiT mofenil tyeSi

da Zilis suli nepauini

Cumad moadga vigvamis karebs,

swrafad wamodga `mcinari wyali”,

SemoiZarcva wamsve samosi.

211

da Semosili Ramis wyvdiadiT,

darwmunebuli da uSiSari,

daadga biliks yanebis irgvliv

da Semoavlo gatrunul yanebs

grZneuli rkali nafexurebis.

im Tbili Ramis wyvdiadis garda

arvis uxilavs misi sxeuli,

ar gaugia qveynad aravis

misi lamazi mkerdis bubuni.

da mxolod Tbili Ramis wyvdiadi

mWidrod mosavda wminda mantiiT,

da qveynad kaci ar arsebobda

mnaxveli misi mSvenierebis.

xolo, rogorc ki inaTa odnav,

yoranTa Savma mefem kagagim

maSinve uxmo Tavis yaCaRebs,

maSinve iqve gaCndnen isinic.

yornebs fexdafex mohyvnen yvavebi,

yvavebs – SaSvebi, SaSvebs – Cxikvebi

da mondaminis samarisaken

swrafad daeSvnen frTebis dgafuniT.

„unda movTxaroT Cven mondamini, -

ase mReroda Savi laSqari, -

ver SegvaCerebs grZneuli rkali,

CvenTvis arafers ar niSnavs igi,

arc minehahas nafexurebi,

Semovlebuli yanebis irgvliv”.

magram Wkvianma haiavaTam

droze gaigo maTi sicili,

roca isini iWaWebodnen

kenweroebze daskupebulni.

da Tqva: `keTilo, Cemo yvavebo,

didxans gicocxloT RmerTma kagagi,

me ki gaswavliT iseT gakveTils,

rom madlobelni iqnebiT Cemi”.

212

is Cumad idga, vidre riJraJi

amoscdeboda garindul tyeebs,

da simindebze didi sifrTxiliT

gadaafara man badeebi.

TviTon ki Cajda fiWvebis ukan,

myisve monaxa myudro safari

da daeloda yaCaRTa laSqars,

seiris xilvas monatrebuli.

male gamoCnda Savi laSqaric,

male aiklo sivrce yrantaliT

da moefina simindis yanas

basri brWyalebiT da niskartebiT.

magram badeSi aRmoCnda uceb

avi kagagis mTeli laSqari

da afarTxalda gamwarebuli

haiavaTas asmenakebSi.

maSin wamodga haiavaTa,

fexze wamodga iseTi saxiT,

rom SekrTeboda umamacesic.

is daeria yaCaRTa laSqars,

Tavebs aglejda daundobeli,

xolo sxeulebs xeze kidebda,

viT gafrTxilebis niSans sxvebisTvis.

mxolod yoranTa mefe daindo,

mxolod yoranTa mefe kagagi

Tan waiyvana, rogorc mZevali,

Tan waiyvana fexgakoWili.

da mere qoxis Tavze daaba,

frTagaCeCili da moRuSuli.

da uTxra ase: `Cemo kagagi,

rogorc yoranTa ufross da mefes

da rogorc yvela saqmis moTaves,

SeginarCuneb sicocxles mainc

da dagitoveb Cems qoxSi mZevlad,

rom Senma modgmam aseTi rame

aRar gabedos aRarasodes”.

213

da afarTxalda Savi kagagi,

frTagaCeCili da moRuSuli,

aafarTxala veeba frTebi,

Toks Caafrinda basri brWyalebiT.

magram amaod ibrZoda igi,

xeze ekida misi laSqari.

ganvlo zafxulma da erTxel kidev

amoisunTqa Sauondasim

da erTxel kidev gamougzavna

tyeebs da mindvrebs cxeli ambori.

da gaizarda simindis yana,

wamoimarTa mTeli simaRliT,

aaSriala mwvane samosi,

mzeze gafina oqros qoCori.

da taroebmac TeTri kbilebiT

gamoarRvies uceb javSani.

da nakomisma moixmo rZali,

moixmo rZali da uTxra ase:

„xedav, movida Tve foTolcvenis,

ukve mwifea mindorSi brinji.

ukve mwifea Cveni simindic

da SeveWidoT, modi, mondamins,

SemovaxioT mwvane fuCeCi

da gavuCeCoT oqros qoCori”.

da gamovida `mcinare wyali”,

yanisken wahyva moxuc nakomiss.

mere mouxmes mezobel qalebs,

gamoefinnen gogo-biWebic

da Seesivnen yanebs simReriT.

xolo fiWvnaris saamo CrdilSi

wynarad moewyvnen berikacebi,

berikacebi da meomrebi,

gaxveulebi TuTunis bolSi.

isini isxdnen da uyurebdnen

mxiarul Sromas gogo biWebis

214

da uxarodaT maTi sicili,

maTi simRera da Rrianceli.

da Tu naxavda patara gogo

sisxliviT wiTel taros SemTxveviT,

ayvirdebodnen danarCenebi:

`Sen geyoleba lamazi qmari!”

`diax, asea!” – eTanxmebodnen

maT moxucebi da meomrebi.

da Tu naxavda patara biWi

welSi moRunul taros, SemTxveviT,

aireodnen erTad yvelani,

moedebodnen yanas koWlobiT

da Tan yvirodnen: „daiWiT, Cqara,

Cqara daiWiT simindis qurdi!“

da sanam SvebiT avsebda yanebs

maTi sicili da Jriamuli,

sanam kagagi saxuravidan

mwared kioda ganrisxebuli

da misi laSqris sabralo naSTi

gamwarebuli Cxaoda tyeSi,

Tanxmobis niSnad Tavebs iqnevdnen

berikacebi da meomrebi.

215

zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixedviT

ninininimumumumuSiSiSiSi

braziliaSi Cawerili zepiri teqsti “qaCali” zRapris im

tips ganekuTvneba, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli evrazi-

is kontinentze. evropaSi cnobilia am zRapris Sveduri, norve-

giuli, daniuri, estonuri, litvuri, irlandiuri, germanuli,

flamandriuli, franguli, ungruli, ruminuli, slovenuri, ser-

buli, xorvatuli, albanuri, rusuli, ukrainuli, qarTuli,

Turquli, arabuli, induri versiebi, amerikis kontinentze ki in-

glisur-amerikuli da espanur-amerikuli versiebi. siuJetTa sa-

erTaSoriso katalogSi am tipis zRapari cnobilia nomriT ATU530.

braziliuri zRapris sruli teqsti mocemulia danarTSi,

aq ki gTavazobT mis mokle analizs v. propis SvidpersonaJiani

sqemis mixedviT.

zRaparSi aris Svidi personaJi:

1. gmiri – oqrosTmiani biWi;

2. gamgzavni – gmiris mama;

3. antagonisti – mdinaris patroni (zRapris pirvel

svlaSi), urCxuli (zRapris meore svlaSi);

4. mCuqebeli – cxenebi, romlebic rCevas aZleven

gmirs;

5. Semwe – cxenebi, romlebic exmarebian gmirs devnis-

gan gadarCenaSi da urCxulTan brZolaSi;

6. mefis asuli – mefis umcrosi asuli;

7. crugmiri – mefis siZeebi, romlebic gmiris mier

damarcxebul urCxuls Tavis moklulad asaReben.

zRapari agebulia jadosnuri zRapris sqemaze, romelic

problemiT iwyeba da misi mogvarebiT mTavrdeba. zRapari or-

svliania, anu orjer axerxebs gmiri problemis gadaWras: pirvel

svlaSi mTavaria devnisgan gadarCena, meore svlaSi ki antagonis-

tis damarcxebis Semdeg sakuTari vinaobis damtkiceba.

216

funqciebi (epizodebi)

teqsti

ssssawawawawyiyiyiyisisisisi sisisisitutututuaaaaciciciciaaaa iyo erTi wvrilSvili kaci. erTxel kaci

saTevzaod wavida, Sin ki mosaloginebeli co-

li datova. isrola kacma bade – erTi Tevzic

ar mohyolia. isrola meored – mainc araferi.

is iyo Sin xelcarieli apirebda dabrunebas,

rom uceb mdinaridan xma Semoesma.

- Tu maCuqeb imas, rac Sens ojaxSi dRes

gaCndeba, uamrav Tevzs dagaWerinebo!

- keTilio! – miugo mebadurma. isrola

bade da uamravi Tevzi mohyva. kaci gaxarebuli

gaemarTa Sinisaken. gzad erT-erTi vaJiSvili

Seegeba da axara:

- biWi gagviCndao!

Sevida mebaduri saxlSi da ras xedavs:

cols gverdiT axaldabadebuli Cvili bavSvi

uwevs – janmrTeli da lamazi biWuna. mebaduri

iZulebuli iyo, Cvili mdinaresTan mieyvana.

bavSvi talRebSi gauCinarda, magram ar dam-

xrCvala, micuravda da micuravda mdinaris

siRrmisaken, vidre mdidrulad morTul wyal-

qveSa sasaxleSi ar moxvda. im dRidan biWi am

sasaxleSi izrdeboda da ise davaJkacda, Ze-

xorcieli aravin unaxavs.

akakakakrZalrZalrZalrZalvavavava erTxel erTi kaci mivida biWTan da uT-

xra:

- me mamaSeni var. saqmeze mivdivar da

ori kviriT unda dagtovo. – mere gasaRebebis

Sekvra gadasca, - aha, es gasaRebebi gamomarTvi,

mxolod icode, arcerTi karis gaReba ar gabe-

do, Torem davbrundebi da cocxali ver gada-

mirCebio. – daemuqra da wavida.

akakakakrZalrZalrZalrZalvivivivis ds ds ds dararararRveRveRveRve----

vavavava

ymawvilma pirvelad zustad Seasrula

mamis brZaneba, meored – oTaxebi daaTvaliera,

mesamed ki akrZalul oTaxSi oqros wyalSi

Tavi daibana da cxenTan erTad gaiqca.

mmmmCuCuCuCuqebqebqebqeblilililis rs rs rs rCeCeCeCevavavava erTma cxenma uTxra:

- xeli arafers axlo, Torem mamaSens

cocxali ver gadaurCebi. Tu aqedan gaqceva

gsurs, Sedi im oTaxSi, sadac yuTebi alagia.

217

amoiRe ori qaRaldi – cisferi da TeTri, amo-

irCie lamazi tansacmeli da Caicvi, SeiaraRdi

da romelime Cvengans Seajeqi, meore ki aRvi-

riT gaiyole, mamaSeni gamogvidgeba, rom dagve-

weva, jer erTi qaRaldi gadaagde, mere – meo-

re, danarCenze ki me TviTon vizrunebo.

ymawvils cxenma isic ubrZana, oqros

qvabSi Tavi Cayavi da oqrosTmiani gaxdebio.

ymawvilma yvelaferi Seasrula: oqros

qvabSi Tavi Cayo, mere lamazi tansacmeli gada-

icva, iaraRi aisxa, jibeSi ori qaRaldi Caido,

wablisfer cxens Seajda, TeTra aRviriT waiy-

vana da ufro metad rom gaececxlebina mama,

loms balaxi aacala da yornisfer cxens dau-

yara, xolo cxenebis xorci ki loms miugdo.

Semdeg hkra dezi wablas da gaaqrola.

ddddevevevevnananana ((((anananantatatatagogogogonisnisnisnistitititi

mmmmisisisisdedededevs gmirs):vs gmirs):vs gmirs):vs gmirs):

ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da mixvda,

Svils misi brZaneba ar Seesrulebina. gacec-

xlebuli moaxta Savra cxens da ymawvils ga-

moudga. sdia da, bolos, daewia kidec.

ddddevevevevnisnisnisnisgagagagan n n n gagagagadardardardarCeCeCeCenananana

(S(S(S(Sememememwewewewe exexexexmamamamarerererebabababa

gmirs)gmirs)gmirs)gmirs)

wabla cxenma igrZno safrTxis moaxlove-

ba da ymawvils urCia, TeTri qaRaldi gadaag-

deo. gadaagdo Tu ara TeTri qaRaldi, maT

ukan saSineli nisli Camowva. magram Savra me-

tismetad sazriani cxeni iyo, Tumca didi jafa

daadga, mainc gaikvlia gza. amasobaSi ymawvilma

karga manZiliT Camoitova mdevari. mamam sdia,

sdia da bolos isev wamoewia ymawvils. ymaw-

vilma axla cisferi qaRaldi isrola. qaRaldi

farfatiT daeca Zirs da gauval jagnarad iq-

ca. Savras patroni Seexvewa:

- oRond am jagnars gadamatare da ja-

dos mogxsnio!

- maSin unagiri da aRviri amxseni da

ubeloze Semajeqio!

patronma daujera da SiSvel zurgze mo-

axta cxens, Savram ki, Sevarda Tu ara jagnar-

Si, mxedari Zirs gadmoagdo da suli gaacxebi-

na. mere wamoewia ymawvils da masTan erTad ga-

qusla. wabla cxeni rom moiqanca, ymawvili ax-

la TeTr cxenze gadajda.

iares, iares, da bolos karga Sors Tva-

li mohkres erT qalaqs.

218

cxenebma ymawvils uTxres:

- axla Cven aq davrCebiT da lodebad

viqceviT. Sen eg tansacmeli gaixade, iaraRi ai-

yare da qalaqisken gaswi. gzad mkvdar xars na-

xav. amoaWeri buSti, gabere da Tavze daixure,

rom oqros Tmebi dagefaros. mere wadi da

beds ewie. Tu gagiWirdes, CvenTan modi da giS-

veliTo.

ymawvili swored ise moiqca, rogorc

cxenebma daariges: moZebna mkvdari xari, amoaW-

ra buSti, daixura Tavze da ise Sevida qalaq-

Si.

zRzRzRzRapapapapriririris s s s memememeoooorererere

svlasvlasvlasvla

biWi sxva saxelmwifoSi Cadis da mefis

mebaResTan TanaSemwed dadga.

kvkvkvkvananananZiZiZiZis Ss Ss Ss Sekekekekvravravravra erTxel, roca oqros Tmas ivarcnida,

swored am dros xelmwifis umcrosma asulma

Tvali mokra da Seuyvarda.

meore diliT moxucma mebaRem, Cveulebi-

samebr, xelmwifis samive asuls yvavilebis Ta-

iguli miarTva. mebaRe rom Sevida, xelmwifis

umcrosma asulma uTxra:

- xvalidan yvavilebi qaCalma momitanoso!

xelmwife da ufrosi debi am ucnauri

survilis gamo gogonas masxrad igdebdnen. is

ki Tavisas gaiZaxoda. im dRidan xelmwifis um-

cros asulTan yvavilebi, marTlac, qaCals

mohqonda.

ZZZZnenenenelililili dadadadavavavavalelelelebabababa erTxel am saxelmwifoSi jiriTi unda

gaemarTaT da yvelani sayureblad wavidnen. sa-

saxleSi marto qaCaliRa darCa.

- waval, mWedelTan Sevivli da vTxov

didi dana gamomiWedoso! – uTxra man moxuc

mebaRes.

rogorc ki Tavi gaiTavisufla, maSinve

lodebisaken gaeqana. yvelaferi uambo cxenebs,

da daxmareba sTxova. uceb, sad iyo, sad ara,

mdidrulad mokazmuli wabla gaCnda. ymawvilma

tansacmeli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti

moiZro da oqrosferi Tmebi mxrebze Camoiyara.

mere im wablisfer cxens moaxta da ase gamow-

yobili Sejibrze wavida.

219

dadadadavavavavalelelelebibibibis Ss Ss Ss Sesesesesrurururu----

lelelelebabababa (s(s(s(samamamamjejejejer):r):r):r):

SejibrSi yvela mowinaaRmdege raindi da-

jabna. Subis erTi tyorcniT Camoagdo samizne-

ze Semodebuli rgoli da xelmwifis umcros

asuls miarTva.

nnnniSiSiSiSninininis s s s dadadadadedededebabababa xelmwifis asulma sxvadasxva feris bab-

Tebi aCuqa. biWma samjerve babTa Tavis Subs Se-

moaxvia da gauCinarda. yvela aRtacebuli iyo

misi garegnobiT da vaJkacobiT, magram aravin

icoda, vin iyo da saidan movida. – rogorc

moulodnelad moevlinaT Wabuki, ise moulod-

nelad gaqra.

xelmwifis umcrosma asulma ki yvelafe-

ri icoda.

ZZZZnenenenelililili dadadadavavavavalelelelebabababa

((((anananantatatatagogogogonisnisnisnistTatTatTatTan n n n

brbrbrbrZoZoZoZolalalala):):):):

im xanebSi saxelmwifos erTi SvidTavi-

ani urCxuli SemoeCvia. irgvliv yvelaferi gaa-

camtvera da didZali xalxi gadasansla. vera-

vin SeZlo misi damarcxeba. xelmwifem brZana,

vinc am urCxulTagan gvixsnis, Cems ufros qa-

liSvils SevrTavo.

mmmmCuCuCuCuqebqebqebqeblilililis rs rs rs rCeCeCeCevavavava maSin qaCali Cumad wavida Tavis saswa-

ulmoqmed lodebTan da dawvrilebiT uambo

yvelaferi. uceb mis win Savra cxeni gaCnda da

ymawvils aseTi rCeva misca:

- kiserze didi sarke Camomkide, zed Se-

majeqi da uSiSrad gaswi urCxulisaken. urCxu-

li Tavis oreuls rom dainaxavs sarkeSi, meo-

re urCxuli egoneba da SekrTeba, Sen amasobaSi

dro ixelTe, Seutie da ueWvelad daamarcxebo.

ZZZZnenenenelililili dadadadavavavavalelelelebibibibis s s s

SSSSesesesesrurururulelelelebabababa SSSSememememwiwiwiwis s s s

ddddaxaxaxaxmamamamarerererebibibibiT:T:T:T:

ymawvili asec moiqca. gangmira SvidTavia-

ni urCxuli.

crcrcrcrugugugugmimimimiriririri acacacacxaxaxaxadedededebs bs bs bs

TaTaTaTavivivivis ps ps ps prerereretentententenziziziziasasasas::::

adga ufrosi siZe da daiwyo:

- SvidTaviani urCxuli me gavgmire, mag-

ram amaze sityvac ar damiZravs, radgan mindo-

da, xelmwifis asuls Tavisi gulis karnaxiT

amoerCia Cemi Tavi da ara mamis brZanebiTo, -

man simarTlis dasadastureblad yvelas ur-

Cxulis enis amonakveTebi uCvena.

220

Semdeg momdevno siZe wamodga da Tqva:

- Tqven rom dRes frinvelebi miirTviT,

sul Cemi daxocili iyoo...

ggggmimimimiriririris ams ams ams amococococnonononobabababa biWi hyveba Tavis ambavs: “is SvidTaviani

urCxuli me movkali. ai, misi enebi, uflis-

wuls ki mxolod enis monakveTebi wamouRia.

gareuli frinvelebic me davxoce da uflis-

wuls mivyide, amis dasamtkicebeli xelwerili

aqve maqvs. jiriTSi samjer gamarjvebuli oq-

rosTmiani raindic me gaxlavarT. Tu ar gjera,

ai is babTebic, xelmwifis umcrosma asulma

rom maCuqao.”

bbbbededededninininieeeeriririri dadadadasassassassasrurururu----

lililili

qaCalma moiZro Tavidan xaris buSti da

gaocebuli xalxis winaSe Tavisi namdvili sa-

xiT warsdga.

221

testi Sualeduri SemowmebisaTvis

ninininimumumumuSiSiSiSi

1. ra aris alegoria? a) actekebis RvTaeba

b) abstraqtuli ideis konkretul

cnebaSi asaxva

g) religiuri fanatizmi

2. miTebis SedarebiTma Ses-

wavlam daadastura, rom

a) amerikis indielebs ar gaaCniaT

sakuTari miTologiuri sistema

b) miTebi ar arsebobs

g) msgavsi miTebi SeiZleba hqondeT

teritoriulad erTmaneTs daSore-

bul xalxebs

3. romelia centraluri

RvTaeba inkas miTologia-

Si?

a) mze

b) mTvare

g) koioti

4. totemizmi aris

a) rwmena winapari cxovelis Sesaxeb

b) politikuri reJimi

g) jadoqroba

5. animizmi aris a) animaciuri filmi

b) rwmena, rom yoveli sagans aqvs

suli

g) urwmunoeba

6. anTropomorfizacia niS-

navs

a) RvTaebis warmodgenas arqiteqtu-

ruli nagebobis saxiT

b) RvTaebis warmodgenas cxovelis

saxiT

g) RvTaebis warmodgenas adamianis

saxiT

7. romeli mcenaris mfarve-

li qalRmerTia Skakau?

a) kakaos

b) yavis

g) Cais

222

8. romel miTologiur sis-

temaSia talaxis STan-

mTqmeli qalRmerTi tla-

solteotli?

a) eskimosebis

b) actekebis

g) irokezebis

9. esqatologiuri miTi niS-

navs

a) pirvel pirSi moTxrobil ambavs

b) ambavs adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb

g) ambavs samyaros aRsasrulis Sesa-

xeb

10.

erTmaneTis sapirispiro

cnebebia

a) kosmosi da qaosi

b) kosmosi da samyaro

g) kosmosi da msoflio

11. CamoTvaleT amerikeli

folkloristebi

...

12. romel miTologiuri

sistemebs moviazrebT ame-

rikis xalxTa miTologi-

aSi?

...

223

glosariumi

aborigeni (laT. Aborigenes) adgilobrivi, mkvidri mo-

saxleoba, Tavdapirveli binadari.

agavis eklebi (laT. Agave americana) agavis eklebiT

msxverplSewirvis dros iRadravdnen mkerds

Zvel meqsikaSi. Semdeg am eklebs RmerTebs

swiravdnen.

avonavilona (laT. Awonawilona) Crdilo amerikis (zu-

nis tomis) indielTa miTologiaSi yoveli

arsebis Semqmneli da pirvelmizezi.

alegoria (berZn. Allegoria) abstraqtuli ideis an

movlenis konkretul cnebebSi asaxva: maga-

liTad, qali savse fialiT SeiZleba warmo-

adgendes nayofierebis siWarbis alegorias.

anTropogonia (berZn. ἄνθρωπογονία, Anthropogony) miTebi

adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

anTropomorfizacia (berZn. Άνθρωπος - adamiani, μορφή – forma,

Anthropomorphism), adamianis saxed gadaqce-

va“, “gaadamianeba”.

animizmi (laT. Anima, „suli“, „amosunTqva“) eTno-

logiasa da religiaTmcodneobaSi aRniSnavs

zogadad sulebis an yvela sulieri arsebis

rwmenas. termini „animizmi“ e. tailorma da-

amkvidra da amiT aRniSna religiis uZvele-

si forma, romelic win uZRoda polidemo-

nizms, poliTeizmsa da monoTeizms.

arara (portug. Arará) grZelboloiani Wreli Tu-

TiyuSi centralur da samxreT amerikis te-

ritoriaze.

astraluri miTebi miTebi mnaTobebis Sesaxeb.

224

auTenturi (berZ. αυθεντικός, authentic) 1) xalasi, uSu-

alo da daumuSavebeli. 2) folkloruli

masala, romelic savele kvlevisas absolu-

turi sizustiT aris dafiqsirebuli.

acteki (laT. Aztec) Crdilo amerikidan centra-

lur amerikaSi wamosuli tomi. actekebi

1325 wlisTvis gamoCndnen kunZul tenoC-

titlanze, romelic nawilobriv meqsikis

yureSi Sedioda. legendis Tanaxmad, acte-

kebs aRTqmuli qveynis saZebrad didi quru-

mi uicilopoCtli mouZRoda, romelsac

RmerTebma STaberes suli. mas Semdeg, rac

actekebi centralur meqsikur mTianeTSi

damkvidrdnen, dampyrobel xalxad iqcnen,

romlis aqtiurobasac m. eliade „mistiur

imperializms“ uwodebs. actekebs mudmivad

axali msxverpli sWirdebodaT da isini me-

zobel xalxebs esxmodnen Tavs (maTi rwme-

nis Tanaxmad mze sisxliT Zlierdeba). me-16

saukuneSi actekebis oraswlovani sisxlia-

ni da triumfaluri istoria daasrula

hernando kortesma (1485-1547), romelic

TviTon movida saxelmwifos saTaveSi.

actekebis ena nauas enaTa ojaxSi Sedis.

grizli (ingl. Grisly) didi zomis mtacebeli cxo-

veli daTvisebrTa ojaxidan, gavrcelebu-

lia CrdiloeT amerikaSi.

guanako (laT. Lama guanicoe) lamas saxeoba.

guaraio (portug. Guaraní) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

demiurgi (berZn. δημιουργός, demiurge) samecniero

termini miTologiaSi “samyaros Semqmnelis”

aRsaniSnad.

225

demonologia (berZn. δαίμων – demoni, λογία - moZRvreba,

demonology) mecniereba zebunebrivi boroti

Zalebis Sesaxeb.

domestikacia (laT. domesticus) gareuli cxovelebis mo-

Sinaureba.

emansipacia (laT. Emancipation) gaTavisufleba vinmeze

damokidebulebisgan, uflebrivad gaTanaswo-

reba.

egzogamia (berZn. ἔξω – ucxo, γαμος - qorwineba,

exogamy) Cveuleba, romlis mixedviTac ak-

rZalulia qorwineba erTi da imave gvaris

an Temis warmomadgenlebs Soris. misi sapi-

rispiro movlenaa endogamia (endogamy) -

Cveuleba, romlis mixedviTac qorwineba da-

saSvebi iyo mxolod erTi da imave sazoga-

doebrivi jgufis (tomis, gvaris da misT.)

wevrebs Soris.

empiriuli codna (berZn. ἐμπειρία, empiric) dakvirveba buneb-

riv garemoze, adamianis gamocdilebaze dam-

yarebuli codna.

epikureizmi filosofiuri moZRvreba Zvel saberZneTSi,

romlis Tanaxmadac sicocxlis azri xor-

cieli instinqtebis dakmayofilebasa da

gancxromiT cxovrebaSi mdgomareobs.

eskimosebi (ingl. Eskimo) tomebi CrdiloeT amerika-

Si, romlebic Crdilo-aRmosavleT aziis

arqtikul sanapiroebze, alaskaze, kanadaSi

da grenlandiaSi cxovroben. maTi ena al-

gonkinebis da aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs gane-

kuTvneba. eskimosebis religiis mTavari ma-

xasiaTebelia Samanizmi.

226

etiologiuri

gadmocema (berZn. αἰτιολογία, etiological myth) zepiri

gadmocema, romelSic axsnilia raime mov-

lenis mizezi.

vigvami (ingl. Wigwam) CrdiloeT amerikis indi-

elTa sacxovrebeli gumbaTiseburi qoxi,

romelic xis totebisa da lerwmisgan keT-

deba.

zoomorfuli cxovelis formis (saxis) mqone, Sdr. an-

Tropomorfizacia.

inka (laT. Inca) me-15 s. andebis maRal mTaSi

warmoiqmnili saxelmwifo. espanel dampyro-

belTa Semosvlisas inkas samefo perudan

Cilemde flobda dasavleT sanapiroebs,

1532 wels is daeca, roca ukanasknel inkas

mbrZanebels dampyoblebma Tavi mokveTes.

incesti (laT. Incestum) sisxlis aRreva uaxloes

naTesavebs Soris.

iSltaksihuatli vulkani meqsikaSi. misi saxelwodeba nauas

enaze niSnavs “TeTr qals” (laT. transkr.

Iztaccihuatl, Ixtlacihuatl, Ixtaccihuatl).

kagagi yorani (ojibves enaze).

kavaibi (port. Caiapó) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

kalebasi gogrisgan gakeTebuli WurWeli (samxreT

amerikis indielTa kulturaSi).

kanan-siue samyaros Semqmneli RvTaeba braziliur mi-

Tologiur gadmocemebSi.

kanioni Rrma da viwro xeoba.

227

kanoe (ingl. Canoe) mokleniCbiani navi, romel-

Sic cal muxlze damdgari usvamen niCbebs.

karaJa (port. Karajá) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi.

karoko Casaberi sakravi samxreT amerikis indielTa

kulturaSi.

keCua (laT. transkr. Quechua) samxreT amerikaSi

gavrcelebuli uZvelesi kultura inkebis

imperiis teritoriaze (Cile, argentina,

bolivia, peru, ekvadori) daaxl. Zv. w. II

aTaswleulidan moyolebuli Cv. w. me-16

saukunemde.

kecali (laT. transkr. Quetzal) frinveli, romel-

sac mooqrosfro-momwvano bolo aqvs. mis

bumbuls mxolod gamorCeuli pirebi ata-

rebdnen samkaulad.

kecalkoatli (laT. transkr. Quetzalcoatl) centraluri

amerikis indielTa miTologiis erT-erTi

uzenaesi RvTaeba, samyaros Semqmneli tes-

katlipokasTan da uicilopoCtlTan erTad.

kiCe (esp. Quiché, k’ich’e) ena maias enaTa ojaxSi,

romelzec gvatemalaSi laparakoben.

klamati (ingl. Klamath) indielTa tomi amerikis

Crdilo-dasavleTSi, oregonis StatSi.

klani (ingl. Clan) kelturi warmoSobis sityva,

romelic irlandiasa da SotlandiaSi gva-

rovnul Tems, gvars aRniSnavs. samecniero

literaturaSi gamoiyeneba Caketili sazoga-

doebis mniSvnelobiT.

228

`kodeqs

borbonikus” (Codex Borbonicus) kolumbamdeli actekuri

xelnaweri, Sedgenilia acteki qurumebis

mier, darTuli aqvs espanuri aRwerilobebi.

inaxeba parizis nacionaluri asambleis bib-

lioTekaSi.

`kodeqs teleriano-

remensis” (Codex Telleriano-Remensis) actekuri xelna-

weri, evropaSi Camotanili frangi episko-

posis mier XVII s.

kopali (laT. Copal) surnelovani fisi, romelsac

actekebi sakmevelad iyenebdnen.

kortesi hernando kortesi (1485-1547), espaneli gu-

bernatori, romelic 1519 wels xuTasi ja-

riskaciT mivida iukatakanSi, moxerxebulad

gamoiyena kecalkoatlis dabrunebis rwmena

da ori wlis Semdeg daipyro actekebis sa-

xelmwifo.

kosmogoniuri

miTebi (berZn. κοσμογονία, cosmogony) miTebi samya-

ros warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

kosmologia (berZn. κόσμος, λογία, cosmology) moZRvreba

samyaros rogorc erTi mTlianobis Sesaxeb.

koCamama (laT. transkr. Cochamama) zRvis RvTaeba

keCuas miTologiaSi.

krateris tba (ingl. Crater Lake, esp. Caldera Lake) tba

amerikis Crdilo-dasavleTSi, oregonis

StatSi.

229

kreoli (frang. Créole) laTinur amerikaSi pirveli

evropeli (umTavresad espaneli) koloniza-

torebis STamomavali.

kulturuli

gmiri (ingl. Culture hero, germ. Heilbringer, frang.

Héros civilisateur, rus. Kультурный герой)

samecniero termini miTologiuri persona-

JisTvis, romelic safuZvels uyris civi-

lizacias sazogadoebaSi. kulturuli gmi-

ris sinonimad “demiurgic” gamoiyeneba.

kuo-ni-Si WriWina (ojibves enaze).

kusko (laT. Cusco, Cuzco, Qusqu) inkebis saxel-

mwifos Zveli dedaqalaqi.

ladino (laT. transkr. Ladino) metisebi. agreTve

espanur enaze molaparake indielebi.

lunaruli

miTebi miTebi mTvaris Sesaxeb.

maia (laT. trankr. Maya) tomi centralur ame-

rikaSi, romlis uZvelesi kvali ax. w. III-

IV saukuneebamde midis. VIII saukunis Sua

xanebSi maT oTxi mniSvnelovani centri Ca-

moayalibes (tikali, kopani, palenku da ka-

lakmuli), romelTa irgvliv bevri qalaqi

da sofeli aRmocenda. omebis Sedegad IX-X

saukuneebSi mosaxleobam datova qalaqebi

da junglebs miaSura. amis Semdgom maias

kultura iukatanis naxevarkunZulze gan-

lagda, sadac X-XIII saukuneebSi sxvadasxva

saqalaqo centri warmoiSva. roca espaneli

dampyroblebi centralur amerikaSi Cavid-

nen, maias kultura gaqrobis piras idga.

dResdReobiT maias STamomavlebidan or mi-

230

lionze meti centralur amerikaSi cxov-

robs: iukatekebi, Coli, Contali, lakando-

nebi da sxv., romlebic ocdaaT sxvadasxva

dialeqtze laparakoben. maT dRemde aqvT

Semonaxuli tradiciuli sakraluri ritu-

alebi imis miuxedavad, rom ukve oTx sau-

kuneze metia, kaTolikeebi arian. maias sa-

kuTari ieroglifuri damwerloba hqonda.

dReisTvis amis sami wigni mogvepoveba. yve-

la naweri da sabuTi fanatikosma espanelma

diego de landam gaanadgura, ris Semdegac

maias qurumebma uZvelesi miTologia Tavisi

dialeqtisa da laTinuri anbanis meSveobiT

gadmosces. maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iu-

katekebis umniSvnelovanesi dokumentebia

“popol vu” da “Cilam balamis wignebi”.

makilSoCitli (laT. transkr. Macuilxochitl) actekebis mi-

TologiaSi gazafxulis mcenareebis, siyva-

rulis, yvavilebis, mxiarulebis, burTis

TamaSis mfarveli RmerTi, “yvavilebis

mbrZanebeli”, tlasolteotlis vaJi.

mangabeira (laT. transkr. Mangabeira) tkbili nayo-

fis mqone xis jiSi samxreT amerikaSi.

mamakacTa

sadgomi samxreT indielTa zogierT toms calke

hqonda mamakacTa sacxovrebeli saxlebi. iq

mxolod axalgazrda da ucolSvilo mamaka-

cebi cxovrobdnen.

manioka (laT. Manioca) mcenare bolqvismagvari

fesvebiT, romlisganac samxreTeli indie-

lebi fqvils amzadeben.

maue (port. Mayoruna) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi.

231

metisi (frang. Métis) adamiani, romelic warmoSo-

bilia indielisa da evropelis qorwinebis

Sedegad.

miTologema miTologiuri gadmocemis Semadgeneli nawi-

li, ucvleli sidide, romlis variaciebi-

Tac iqmneba miTis siuJeti.

milenarizmi (ingl. Millenarism) rwmena qristes aTas-

wlovani sicocxlis Sesaxeb.

minehaha (laT. transkr. Mine haha) CanCqeri mdina-

reze, romelic misisipis erTvis. minehaha

ojibves enaze “mcinari wyals” niSnavs.

mitimae (laT. transkr. Mitimae) axalmosaxleebi.

maT mmarTveli inkebi axlad dapyrobil

olqebSi gzavnidnen TavianTi xelisuflebis

gansamtkiceblad.

mondamini simindi (ojibves enaze).

montesuma II (laT. transkr. Montezuma) actekebis sa-

xelmwifos ukanaskneli imperatori rome-

lic moxerxebulad daamarcxa hernando

kortesma.

munduruku (port. Munduruku) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi.

naua (esp. Nahua) amerikis CrdiloeTidan mosu-

li tomi, romelic centralur amerikaSi

dasaxlda Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi.

nauas enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvnebian tolteke-

bi da actekebi.

nawnaviani

qalRmerTi pirobiTi saxeli uZvelesi mravalfunqciu-

ri RvTaebisa centraluri amerikis indiel-

232

Ta miTologiaSi, romelic Tavis saxeSi

aerTianebs mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros

sulebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebs, ganasaxierebs

dedamiwasa da cas, sicocxlesa da sik-

vdils.

nepauini Zili, Zilis suli ojibves rwmena-warmod-

genebSi.

okultizmi (laT. Occultus faruli, saidumlo) misti-

kur moZRvrebaTa saerTo saxelwodeba.

okultizmis mixedviT bunebaSi arseboben

idumali zebunebrivi Zalebi, romlebTanac

adamianebs SeuZliaT daamyaron urTierToba

magiuri moqmedebiTa da jadosnobiT.

olmeki (laT. transkr. Olmec) tomi centralur

amerikaSi, romelic Zv. w. XV-IV ss. adrek-

lasobrivi sazogadoeba Seqmnes. maTi civi-

lizaciis ayvavebis xana Zv. w. XIII saukunea.

maTi kulturis memkvidrea maia.

ojibve (laT. transkr. Ojibwe) eskimosebis tomi

Crdilo amerikaSi. maTi ena algonkinebis da

aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvneba.

paCamama (laT. transkr. Pachamama) qalRmerTi de-

damiwa keCuas miTologiaSi.

peiote (laT. Lophophora williamsii) kaktusis saxe-

oba, Zlieri narkotikuli mcenare, romel-

sac centraluri amerikis indielTa yofaSi

saritualo da samkurnalo daniSnuleba

hqonda.

pelota (esp. Pelota) ritualuri burTis TamaSi mai-

as tomebSi. mas safuZvlad udevs msxver-

plad Sewiruli RvTaebis moWrili Tavi,

rasac centralur amerikaSi gansakuTrebul

233

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. pelotas saTamaSo

moedani ciuri sxeulebis moZraobas gadmos-

cems. burTis gza – saTamaSo moednis ori

mxare ganasaxierebs cis mnaTobebisa da Ra-

mis orTabrZolas imisTvis, rom kosmiuri

wesrigi iyos daculi.

popokatepetli (laT. transkr. Popocatépetl) vulkani meqsi-

kaSi. misi saxelwodeba nauas enaze niSnavs

“mbolav mTas”.

popol vu (laT. transkr. Popol Vuh) qurumTa wigni,

maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iukatekebis

umniSvnelovanesi dokumenturi wyaro. da-

culia Cikagos niuberis biblioTekaSi

(Newberry Library, Chicago, the Ayer

Collection).

potlaCi (laT. transkr. Potlatch) saCuqrebis darige-

bis ceremoniali wynari okeanis sanapiros

indielTa yofaSi. saCuqrebis darigebas ax-

lda mravaldRiani qeifi, aTleturi Sejib-

rebebi, azartuli TamaSebi da saRamoobiT

koconTan ambebis Txroba.

preriebis

indielebi es tomebi ganekuTvnebian im kulturaTa

konglomerats, romlebic pirvelad me-18

saukuneSi Seiqmna, roca meqsikidan gareul

cxovelebze monadire cxenosan indielTa

tomebi Semovidnen. preriebis indielebis

kulturaSi sruliad gansxvavebul xalxTa

wes-Cveulebebi gvxvdeba.

profanuli (laT. Profanus) ara wminda, ubralo, yo-

veldRiuri. sakraluris sapirispiro.

puritanizmi 1. XVI-XVII ss. politikuri moZraoba in-

glisSi, romelic miznad isaxavda inglisis

234

eklesiis gawmendas kaTolicizmis naSTebis-

gan; 2. zneobis mkacrad dacva (xSirad moC-

venebiTad).

Jarakaka (port. Jaracaca) Sxamiani gveli samxreT

amerikaSi.

Jenipapa (port. Jenipapa) mcenare, romlisganac in-

dielebi Sav saRebavs amzadeben.

Jurupari (port. Jurupari) saritualo cekva tarianas

tomSi (brazilia).

reiniri (ingl. Mount Rainier), vulkani aSS-s sanapi-

roze, q. sietlTan axlos.

renesansi XIV-XVI saukuneebSi evropis qveynebSi

kulturuli da ideologiuri ganviTarebis

periodi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis ayvaveba.

savele kvleva (ingl. Field research, germ. Feldforschung,

frang. Travail de terrain) samecniero kvlevis

mizniT sasurveli masalis (eTnografiuli,

zepirsityvieri, musikaluri, qoreografiu-

li da sxv.) dafiqsireba bunebriv garemosa

da konteqstSi. savele kvlevas sxvadasxva

samecniero disciplinebi mimarTaven, maT

Soris folkloristika, eTnologia, eTno-

musikologia, arqeologia, sociologia.

sakraluri (laT. Sacer) wminda. miTologiis kvlevisas

es cneba gamoiyeneba ritualTan da kul-

tTan dakavSirebiT. misi sapirispiro cnebaa

“profanuli”.

sapoteki (esp. Zapotec) tomi centralur amerikaSi.

isini me-10 saukuneSi miStekebis, Semdgom

ki actekebis gavlenis qveS moeqcnen. amde-

235

nad, maTi miTologiis gamocalkeveba rTu-

lia actekurisgan.

sarakura (laT. Saracura) wylis Citi samxreT ameri-

kaSi. misi kivili, indielebis rwmeniT, wvi-

mas moaswavebs.

seiusi 1) Svidi varskvlavi tupis tomis indiele-

bis enaze.

2) jadoqris saxeli tupis tomis indiel-

Ta TqmulebebSi.

senote miwisqveSa bunebrivi wyalsacavi amerikaSi.

miwis zeda fena rom Caiqces, Wad iqceva.

simbolo (berZn. Symbolon) raime cnebis an ideis pi-

robiTi niSani. simbolos sxvadasxvagvari

mniSvneloba aqvs: 1) qristianobaSi simbolo

warmoadgens Secnobis niSans; 2) xelovneba-

Si simbolo warmodgenilia rogorc obieq-

ti; 3) mecnierebebSi simbolos sxvadasxva

datvirTva aqvs; 4) z. froidi adamianis ga-

mocdilebas simbolos uwodebs. k. levi-

strosis ganmartebiT, yoveli kultura Se-

iZleba miviCnioT rogorc simbolur niSan-

Ta sistemis erToblioba, romlis pirvel

adgilzec dgas ena, Semdeg qorwinebis wese-

bi, ekonomikuri urTierTobebi, xelovneba,

mecniereba da religia.

skalpi (ingl. Scalp) Tavis kani Tmebianad, romel-

sac aZrobdnen damarcxebul mters da mih-

qondaT nadavlis saxiT. es Cveuleba hqon-

daT sxvadasxva meomar tomebs mTel msof-

lioSi (galebs, skviTebs, indielebs da

sxv).

solaruli

miTebi miTebi mzis Sesaxeb.

236

sofizmi formalurad swori, magram arsebiTad

mcdari daskvna, romelic emyareba cnebaTa

orazrovnebas, amosaval debulebaTa gan-

zrax umarTebulod SerCevas.

stoicizmi filosofiuri mimdinareoba Zvel saberZneT-

Si, romelic gaWirvebisa da gansacdelis

amtanobas qadagebda.

surukuku (laT. Surucucu) Sxamiani gveli samxreT

amerikaSi.

taiini (laT. Colibri delphinae) frinveli. Ciles

kolibri.

tapiri (laT. Tapiridae) centralur da samxreT

amerikaSi gavrcelebuli kentCliqiani

cxoveli ZuZumwovarTa klasidan.

teotihuakani (laT. transkr. Teotihuacan) Zveli qalaqi,

toltekTa winaactekuri kulturis centri

(I-VII ss.), iTargmneba rogorc „RmerTTa

Tayvaniscemis adgili“. actekebis rwmeniT,

teotihuakani mistiur adgils warmoadgens,

sadac samyaros mexuTe eras (anu mzes) mi-

aRwevs.

tenoCtitlani (laT. transkr. Tenochtitlan) qalaqi acte-

kur saxelmwifoSi.

teskatlipoka (esp. Tezkatlipoca) centraluri amerikis in-

dielTa miTologiis erT-erTi uzenaesi

RvTaeba. samyaros Semqmneli kecalkoatlTan

da uicilopoCtlTan erTad. kecalkoatlis

antipodi, Semqmneli da damangreveli.

tiauanako (esp. Tiauanaco) titikakas tbis samxreT na-

pirze mdebare kulturis centri inkas sa-

237

xelmwifos Seqmnamde. Tayvans scemdnen mzis

RmerTs virakoCas.

tipologia samecniero termini. sagnebisa da movlene-

bis klasifikacia maTi saerTo niSan-Tvise-

bebis mixedviT.

tlaloki (esp. Tlaloc) wvimisa da quxilis RmerTi ac-

tekebis miTologiaSi.

tlasolteotli (esp. Tlazolteotl) miwis, nayofierebis, mruSo-

bis da monaniebis qalRmerTi actekebis mi-

TologiaSi, “talaxis STanmTqmeli“, rome-

lic adamianebs codvebs Camorecxs.

tolani (laT. transkr. Tollan, Tolan, Tolán) tol-

tekebis dedaqalaqi.

toloaCe (laT. Datura stramonium) toqsikuri mcena-

re samxreT amerikaSi, romlis eqstraqtis-

ganac fsiqotropuli sasmeli mzaddeba.

tolteki (laT. transkr. Toltec) centralur amerika-

Si me-7 saukuneSi mosuli tomi, romelsac

maRalganviTarebuli kultura hqonda. maT

maias qalaqi CiCen ica daipyres da Tavisi

eqspansia mTlianad ganaxorcieles. maTi

legendebiT, CiCen ica maTive miTosurma

gmirma kecalkoatlma daaarsa 987 wels.

totemizmi rwmena zebunebriv kavSirze adamianTa jguf-

sa da cxovels Sors.

totonaki (esp. Totonac) tomi centralur amerikaSi,

romelsac saerTo niSnebi aqvs danarCen

kulturebTan (maia, olmeki, sapoteki, tol-

teki): skulpturuli Zeglebi, arqiteqtura,

saxviTi xelovneba da ieroglifuri damwer-

loba.

238

triada (berZn. Triados) sameuli.

triqsteri (laT. Trickster) samecniero terminologiaSi

am sityviT aRniSnaven kulturuli gmiris

antipods.

uaka (laT. transkr. Huaca) 1) inkebis religiaSi

zogierTi RmerTis, winaparTa sulis, zebu-

nebrivi arsebis gamosaxuleba qvisgan gamoT-

lili adamianis figuris an qvis saxiT; 2)

wminda adgilebi, samarxebi, taZrebi.

uiSrami (ingl. Wishram) indielTa tomi, romelic

mdinare kolumbis sanapiroze cxovrobs.

uiStosiuatli (laT. transkr. Huixtocihuatl, Uixtochihuatl,

Uixtociuatl) actekebis miTologiaSi marilis

qalRmerTi, wvimis RmerT tlalokis ufro-

si da, “marilis qali”.

uicilopoCtli (laT. transkr. Huitzilopochtli) actekebis

erT-erTi uzenaesi RvTaeba, omis RmerTi.

umotini indielTa tomi samxreT amerikaSi.

urubu Savi feris zRapruli frinveli samxreT

amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi.

uruku mcenare samxreT amerikaSi. misi wvenisgan

indielebi tanis mosaxat saRebavs amzadeben.

uxulji (laT. transkr. Whulge, Whulj) piujet sa-

undis (Puget Sound) yures adgilobrivi sa-

xelwodeba, rac „marilian wyals“ niSnavs.

qaRaldis

mosasxami qaRalds actekebi amzadebdnen leRvis qer-

qis Siga fenisagan. TeTri qaRaldis tansac-

239

mels acmevdnen micvalebulebsa da imaT, vi-

sac RmerTebs msxverplad swiravdnen.

qsokolatli (laT. transkr. Xocolatl) kakaos mware nayeni

(Sokoladis Tavdapirveli saxeli actekeb-

Tan).

Samani jadoqari. sityva `Samani” momdinareobs

tungusuri enidan da `jadoqars” niSnavs.

monRolebis dapyrobebis droindel did Sa-

mans qvia `beki”, romlidanac momdinareobs

savaraudod Turquli sityva `begi” (`bato-

ni”).

Sauondasi samxreTis qari (ojibves enaze).

Siloneni (laT. Xilonen), igive Sikomekoatli (laT.

Chicomecoatl) actekebis miTologiaSi axal-

Semosuli simindis qalRmerTi, “qorfa si-

mindis deda”.

Sipe-toteki (laT. Xipe Totec) actekebis miTologiaSi

gazafxulis mcenareebisa da Tesvis RvTaeba.

misi epiTetebia: „Cveni mxne beladi“, „Cveni

sali qvis RmerTi“, „wiTeli teskatlipo-

ka“.

Siutekutli (laT. Xiuhtecuhtli) centraluri amerikis

indielTa miTologiaSi cecxlisa da vulka-

nis RmerTi, misi sabrZanisi samyaros cen-

trSia.

Skakau kakaos qalRmerTi samxreT amerikis indiel-

Ta (kiCes) miTologiaSi.

Solotli (laT. Xolotl) kecalkoatlis tyupiscali

zogierTi versiiT.

240

SoCikecali (laT. Xochiquetzal) siyvarulis, nayofiere-

bis, yvavilTa, orsulobis, saojaxo saqmeTa

qalRmerTi actekur miTologiaSi.

Caki (laT. Chac) maias miTologiaSi wvimisa da

elvis RmerTi, xis mWrelTa mfarveli, misi

saxeli „culs“ niSnavs.

Calkacingo (laT. Chalcatzingo) mxare meqsikaSi, gansa-

kuTrebiT mniSvnelovani olmekebis periodis

arqeologiuri masaliT, monumentebiTa da

ikonografiiT.

CalCiutlikue (laT. Chalchiuhtlicue, Chalciuhtlicue,

Chalchihuitlicue) wylis, tbebis, zRvebisa da

mdinareebis qalRmerTi actekur miTologia-

Si.

Camakoko (port. Xokó) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

Cilam-balami (laT. transkr. Chilam Balam) qurumTa

wigni, maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iukate-

kebis umniSvnelovanesi dokumenturi wyaro.

Cimoni (ingl. Tschimon) aryis xisgan gamoTlili

navi CrdiloeTis indielTa sameurneo yofa-

Si.

CiCen ica (laT. Chichen Itza) maias qalaqi centra-

lur amerikaSi, romelic me-10 saukuneSi

toltekebma daipyres.

xTonuri miwisqveSa samyaros warmomadgeneli.

haiavaTa (ingl. Hiawatha) Crdilo amerikis indiel-

Ta, ojibves tomis xalxuri gadmocemebis

gmiri.

241

hermafroditi arseba, romelsac aqvs mamrobiTi da mded-

robiTi sqesis niSnebi.

holivudi kinoindustria aSS-Si. misi istoria 1910

wlidan iwyeba filmiT “Zvel kalifornia-

Si” (reJisori d. grifiti). pirveli kinos-

tudia holivudSi iyo „Nestor Company“,

romelsac mohyva sxva kinostudiebis niu-

iorkidan aq gadmonacvleba da axali kinos-

tudiebis gaxsna. dResdReobiT yvelaze di-

di kinokompaniebia „Universal Studios“ da

„Warner Bros. Entertainment“.

huakasi (laT. transkr. Huacas) inkebis tradiciaSi

wminda sagnebi, romlebic dapyrobili tome-

bisgan nadavlis saxiT mohqondaT.

242

personalia

aarne, anti (Aarne, Antti)

fineli folkloristi (1867-1925). mis sa-

xels ukavSirdeba istoriul-geografiuli

meTodis SemuSaveba da saerTaSoriso siu-

Jetebis klasifikacis sistemis Seqmna.

abrahamsi, rojer (Abrahams, Roger)

Tanamedrove amerikeli folkloristi

(1933), pensilvaniis universitetis emeri-

tusi profesori. misi kvlevebis ZiriTadi

Temaa afro-amerikuli folklori.

beskomi, uiliam (Bascom, William R.)

amerikeli folkloristi (1912-1981), ka-

liforniis universitetis profesori.

boasi, franc (Boas, Franz)

amerikeli mecnieri (1858-1942), anTropo-

logiis amerikuli skolis fuZemdebeli.

grimi, iakob (Grimm, Jakob)

germaneli filologi (1785-1863), enaTmec-

nieri da folkloristi.

grimi, vilhelm (Grimm, Wilhelm)

germaneli filologi (1786-1859), enaTmec-

nieri da folkloristi.

dandesi, alan (Dundes, Alan)

amerikeli eTnologi da

folkloristi (1934-2005). struqtura-

lizmis amerikuli skolis umniSvnelovane-

si warmomadgeneli.

debre, Jan-batist (Debret, Jean-Baptiste)

frangi mxatvari (1768-1848).

safrangeTis xelovnebis akademiis wevri,

braziliis saimperatoro karis sapatio

mxatvari. cnobilia braziliuri eTnogra-

fiuli CanaxatebiTa da liTografiebiT.

didro, deni (Diderot, Denis)

frangi moazrovne (1713-1784), filosofo-

si, kritikosi da mwerali.

243

disnei, uolt (Disney, Walt)

amerikeli reJisori (1901-1966), prodiu-

seri, scenaristi, animatori.

dorsoni, riCard

m. (Dorson, Richard

M.)

amerikeli folkloristi (1916-1981). eT-

nologi da kulturis istorikosi, fol-

kloristikis pirveli kaTedris damaarse-

beli aSS-Si 1963 wels. mas „amerikuli

folkloris mamasac“ uwodeben. misi naS-

romebi exeba folklorisa da kulturis

istoriasTan mWidro urTierTkavSirs.

evhemerosi

(Euhemerus)

Zveli berZeni filosofosi da mwerali

(daaxl. Zv. w. 340-260).

eliade, mirCa (Eliade, Mircea)

rumineli mecnieri (1907-1986), filoso-

fosi, religiaTmcodne, mwerali, Cikagos

universitetis profesori.

viko, jambatista (Vico, Giambatista)

italieli filosofosi,

sociologi da iuristi (1668-1744).

volteri (Voltaire,

F. M.) frangi filosofosi da mwerali

(1694-1778).

vundti, vilhelm (Wundt, Wilhelm)

germaneli mecnieri (1832-1920), fiziolo-

gi, fsiqologi, filosofosi.

Tompsoni, stiT (Thompson, Stith)

amerikeli mecnieri (1885-1976), indianas

universitetis profesori, folkloristi,

romelmac ganaviTara da Seavso anti aarnes

saerTaSoriso siuJetebis klasifikacis

sistema.

kasireri, ernst (Cassirer, Ernst)

germaneli filosofosi (1874-1945), fi-

losofiuri idealizmis mimarTulebis

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani warmomadgeneli.

landa, diego (Diego de Landa)

espaneli episkoposi (1524 – 1579), maias

civilizaciis Sesaxeb cnobebis avtori,

244

romelmac amave dros maias kulturis uam-

ravi dokumenti gaanadgura inkviziciis

periodSi.

lafito, Jozef frangi misioneri (1670-1740), romelmac

fransua (Lafitau, J. F.)

pirvelma aRwera Crdiloamerikis indielTa

wes-Cveulebebi.

levi-strosi,

klod (Lévi-Strauss, Claud)

frangi mecnieri (1908-2009), anTropolo-

gi, eTnologi, struqturalizmis skolis

umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgeneli.

longfelo, henri (Longfellow, Henry)

amerikeli mwerali (1807-1882), miTologi-

ur motivebze agebuli lirikuli poemebis

avtori.

malinovski, bro-

nislav (Malinowski,

Bronisław)

inglissa da aSS-Si moRvawe poloneli

mecnieri (1884-1942), eTnologi, struqtu-

ruli funqcionalizmis skolis fuZemdebe-

li anTropologiaSi.

marli, bob (Bob

Marley) iamaikeli musikosi (1945-1981), momRerali

da gitaristi.

martire, pietro (Martire d'Anghiera,

Pietro)

italieli humanisti (1457-1526), romlis

naSromic („De Orbe Novo“) pirveli cnobaa

evropelebisa da axladaRmoCenli amerikis

indielebis kontaqtis Sesaxeb.

meletinski, elea-

zar (Мелетинский,

Элеазар)

rusi mecnieri (1918-2005), filologi,

kulturis istorikosi, miTologiis

mkvlevari.

monteskie (Montesquieu,

Charles-Louis)

frangi moazrovne (1689-1755), politikuri

filosofosi.

patai, rafael amerikeli mecnieri (1910-1996), kolumbi-

245

(Patai, Raphael) is, pensilvaniis, niu-iorkis, prinstonis,

ohaios universitetebis profesori.

platoni (Πλάτων) Zveli berZeni filosofosi (Zv. w. 427-

347).

propi, vladimer

(Пропп,

Владимир)

rusi mecnieri (1895-1970), filologi,

folkloristi, literaturaTmcodne.

ruso, Jan Jak (Rousseau, Jean Jacques)

frangi moazrovne (1712-1778),

politikuri filosofosi.

tailori, edvard (Tylor, Edward B.)

ingliseli mecnieri (1832-1917), anTropo-

logi, kulturuli evolucionizmis sko-

lis warmomadgeneli.

teilori, arker (Taylor, Archer)

amerikeli folkloristi (1890-1973), ka-

liforniis universitetis profesori. misi

naSromebi ZiriTadad literaturisa da

folkloris urTierTmimarTebas eZRvneba.

uaiti, e. b. (White,

Elwyn Brooks) amerikeli sabavSvo mwerali (1899-1985),

“stuart litlisa” da “Sarlotas” avto-

ri.

uTeri, hans-iorg (Uther, Hans-Jörg)

Tanamedrove germaneli mecnieri (dab.

1944), folkloristi, getingenis univer-

sitetis profesori, romelmac Seavso da

ganavrco anti aarnesa da stiT Tompsonis

saerTaSoriso siuJetebis klasifikacis

sistema.

Selingi, fridrix (Schelling,

Friedrich)

germaneli filosofosi (1775-1854).

Sou, bernard (Shaw, George

irlandieli dramaturgi (1856-1952), kri-

tikosi, nobelis premiis laureati lite-

246

Bernard) raturis dargSi.

jekobsi, jozef (Jacobs, Joseph)

amerikeli mecnieri (1854-1916), litera-

turaTmcodne da istorikosi, moRvaweobda

germaniaSi, inglissa da amerikaSi.

herderi, iohan

gotfrid (Herder,

Johann Gottfried)

germaneli filosofosi da mwerali (1744-

1803).

247

MYTHOLOGY OF PEOPLES IN AMERICA

Summary

“Mythology of Peoples in America” represents the first Georgian

course book which contains main mythological beliefs of peoples in America, general information about their mythological systems, divinities and heroes, American Indian and Afro-American folktales.

The book is structured according to the principles of comparative mythology. The chapters are ordered thematically according to the types

of mythological tales: the highest divinities, the weather divinities, the goddesses, the image of the universe, cosmogony etc.

The book consists of fifteen chapters. Each chapter ends with

questions and topics for homework and bibliography. The texts for the analysis are provided in the appendix. Samples of the exam test and the

analysis of a folktale are also offered. Finally the book includes glossary and list of literature as well.

The topics in the course book are placed according to the syllabus:

I. Introduction. The object of the Mythology Studies of peoples in America? Historical retrospect of the studies. Definition of terms.

Interpretations of mythology in general. The sources for the study of mythology of peoples in America.

II. Dating of mythological tales and existent forms of myths. Indian

and Afro-American mythological systems. The basic marks of folklore. Symbol. Allegory. Mythologeme.

III. The oldest cultures in North, Central and South America. First descriptions of the cultures of Indians. The Indian language groups.

IV. Archaic myths. Totem myths. Astral myths. Solar myths. Lunar myths. Sun, thunder and moon in Quechua mythology. Inca mythology.

V. The highest deities in the mythology of Mesoamerican Indians.

Huitzilopochtli, Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca. VI. The goddesses in the mythology of Mesoamerican Indians.

Ancient period. Quechua mythology. Aztec mythology. Xochiquetzal, Tlazolteotl, Macuilxochitl, Huixtocihuatl, Xilonen, Xcacao.

VII. Cosmogony, anthropogony and eschatology. Cosmogonic tales.

Cosmogony of Indians. Awonawilona. Anthropogonic tales. Eschatological tales.

VIII. Culture hero, trickster and demons. Shamanism. Plains Indians. Northwest Indians. Californian Indians. The tales about the demons.

IX. The world tree in the mythology of peoples in America. The

vertical apportion of the world tree. The horizontal apportion of the world

248

tree. The symbolism of numbers. The structure of the world in the

mythologies of Nahua and Quechua. X. The image of the universe in Maya mythology. The structure of

the world. Architectonical space. Pelota play. XI. The image of the universe in Aztec mythology. Teotihuacan. The

sacral spaces and the structure of the world. The cosmic rules in the Aztec beliefs.

XII. Mythological tales in South America. Characteristics of the

South American folklore. Historical retrospect of the Afro-American folklore studies.

XIII. Afro-American mythological beliefs. Afro-Caribic beliefs. Afro-Brazilian beliefs. Afro-Guyana beliefs. Tales about the origins of music instruments.

XIV. Folktales of Indians and Afro-Americans. Their Classification. The structure of the folktale. The relation between the Indian and

Eurasian folktales. The difference between the myths and the fairytales. XV. Myths in the modern society. “American dream“. Hollywood.

Emanzipated heroes.

The course book “Mythology of Peoples in America” was prepared in the framework of the Bachelor Program in American Studies, on the

Faculty of Humanities at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. The methods, practice works and text analysis applied in the book are tested and amended through the lectures.

249

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Chilam Balam: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilam_balam

Maya Mythology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_mythology

Popol Vuh: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh

Quetzalcoatl: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl

The Ka'kau' (Cacao): http://www.authenticmaya.com/cacao.htm

Quetzalcoatl: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl

Documents

amerikis xalxTa miTologia - Iverieli: Homedspace.nplg.gov.ge/.../1234/152084/1/Amerikis_Xalxta_Mitologia.pdf · „amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ momzadda ivane javaxiS-vilis saxelobis