AnOverviewofBrazilianAc1onsRegardingSustainabilityof

Biofuels

ManoelRegisL.V.Lealregis.leal@bioetanol.org.br

Context

•  Fastgrowthofbiofuelsproduc1onstar1ng2003;•  BiofuelsunderaIack:noGHGreduc1onbenefits,nega1veimpactsonfoodproduc1on,biodiversitylosses,laborissues;

•  Severalini1a1vesonbiofuelssustainabilitycriteria,tendingtobecomecer1fica1onprocedures:EUDirec1ve,RFS2(USA),LCFS(California),RSB(Switzerland),RTFO(UK),GBEP(G8+5),BSI(WWF,other),CramerReport(Holland)

BrazilianAc1vi1es

Someverygoodini1a1vestakingplacebutlackaNa1onalCoordina1on

•  SugarcaneAgroecologicalZoning;•  SPAgroenvironmentalZoning;•  EnvironmentalProtocolsinSPandMG;

•  INMETROBrazilianBiofuelsCer1fica1onProgram;•  Na1onalAgreementtoImproveLaborCondi1ons;

•  Par1cipa1oninGBEP,RSB,BSI;•  Brazil/Germanyini1a1vetoproposeISO/PC248Sustainability

CriteriaforBioenergy(ABNT/INMETRO/DIN)

LessonsFromIni1a1vesAbroad•  MainfocusstronglyonGHGnetemissionreduc1ons(limitsdefined);

•  Compe11onwithfoodsupplyconcerns;

•  Biodiversityprotec1on;•  Waterandsoilconserva1on;

•  Wastemanagement;

•  Socialissues:welfare(labor,humanrights,property,socialcondi1ons);

•  Wealth:impactsonlocalpopula1on

HowToMeasure?

•  Criteriaandindicators

•  Typesofindicators– Processindicator:evidencethatofaspecificac1onwastaken(qualita1ve)

– Performanceindicator:quan1tavedefini1onoftargets

Regula1onsAlreadyinEffect

•  EUDirec1ve2009/28/EC

•  RenewableFuelStandard2(EISAof2007):EPA

•  LowCarbonFuelStandard:CARB

EUDirec1veKeyPoints•  Targetforrenewableenergyshareintransportof10%in2020;

•  Ar1cle17:SustainabilityCriteriaforBiofuelsandBioliquids;AppendixVLCAproceduresanddata;

•  GHGreduc1onlimits:35%(2013),50%(2018)and60%fornewplants(01/01/2017);

•  Favor2Gbiofuelsandfeedstocksfromdegradedland;

•  LUCincludedbutILUCwillbesuggestedbyDec/2010;

•  DefaultvaluesforbiofuelsLCA.

EUDirec1veDefaultValues

RenewableFuelStandard2

•  FourtypesofbiofuelsbasedonfeedstocksandGHGreduc1ons

•  Biofuelsdemandwillreach136GL(36Ggalons)in2022(marketshare)

•  GHGemissionreduc1ons(baseline2005):20%forplantsbuiltajerdec/2007;50%foradvancedbiofuels,60%for2Gbiofuels

EPALCAEmissionReduc1onValues

TypeofBiofuel 100years2%discountrate

(%)

30years0%discountrate

(%)

Cornethanol(NGdrymill) ‐16 +5

Cornethanol(NGdrymillbestcase) ‐39 ‐18

Cornethanol(coaldrymill) +13 +34

Cornethanol(biomassdrymill) ‐39 ‐18

Cornethanol(biomassdrymill/cogen) ‐47 ‐26

Soybeansbiodiesel ‐22 +4

Tallowbiodiesel ‐80 ‐80

Sugarcaneethanol ‐44 ‐26

Switchgrassethanol ‐128 ‐124

Cornstoverethanol ‐115 ‐116

Source: EPA, 2009

LowCarbonFuelStandard(CARB)

•  Target:reduceGHGemissionsintransportin10%by2020(Inrela1onto1990levels);

•  Reduceoildependence;•  LCA:considerLUC/ILUC•  Sustainabilitycriteria:tobeproposedin2013•  DefaultvaluesforGHGemissionsindifferentfuelpaths

LCFSDefaultValues

SuggestedAc1onsforBrazil

•  Movetowardbiofuelsustainabilitysystem;•  Developandcer1fyLCAmethodologyforourcondi1ons,

includingLUC/ILUC;•  Createadatabaseforthecri1calitems,speciallyconcerning

LUC/ILUC,soilemissions,wateruse;•  Makethebestuseofthesugarcanezoningsystems,

environmentalprotocols,laboragreementstoshowcompliancewithprocessindicatorsforbiodiversity,LUC,foodsafety,etc.;

•  Iden1fyareasforGHGandenergybalancesimprovementsandinvestintechnologydevelopmentforthem;

•  MovefromdefensetoaIack.

ImportantPlayers•  Privatesector

–  UNICA,CTC,Severalmills,Icone

•  Publicins1tu1ons–  Ridesa,Embrapa,Apta,Universi1es

•  Government– MRE,MCT,MAPA,MDIC,MMA,SP‐SMA

•  WorkerOrganiza1ons•  NGO’sButcoordina:onisrequired

BrazilianBiofuelsSustainabilityAlterna1ves

•  GBEP:GlobalBioenergyPartnership

•  ISO/PC248ProjectCommiIeeonSustainabilityCriteriaforBioenergy

•  BSIandRSB

GBEP

•  Itisanofficialini1a1ve;•  InvolvesG8+5andotherstodevelopcriteriaandindicatorsforsustainability:relevant,prac1calandsciencebasedforvoluntaryapplica1on;geographicscaletakeninaccount;

•  Sub‐groups:environmental,social,andeconomicandenergysecurity;

ISO/PC248

•  Scope:standardiza1oninthefieldofsustainabilitycriteriaforbioenergy;

•  EstablishedbytheISOTechnicalManagementBoardResolu1on124/2009;

•  SixWorkingGroups(WG’s):–  Inventoryofini1a1ves;Terminology;GHG;Sustainability(environmental,social,economicaspects;Verifica1onandaudi1ng;Indirecteffects.

BSIandRSB

•  Par1cipa1onintheworkgroups;•  Learnbydoing;•  Influencethedecisions;•  IncludeBraziliandataandculture;•  Avoidinconvenientrequirements;

•  Organizecountryinforma1onanddata.

BrazilianIni1a1vesinLUCEmissionsSugarcaneCase

Referencecrop Cstockchange(tC/ha)

Emissions(kgCO2/m3)

2006 2020EE 2020ethanol

Degradedpasture

10 ‐302 ‐259 ‐185

Naturalpasture ‐5 157 134 96

Cul1vatedpasture

‐1 29 25 18

Soybean ‐2 61 52 37

Maize 11 ‐317 ‐272 ‐195

CoIon 13 ‐384 ‐329 ‐236

Cerrado ‐21 601 515 369

Campolimpo ‐29 859 737 527

Cerradão ‐36 1,040 891 638

LUCemissions ‐118 ‐109 ‐78

Source: Zuurbier and van de Vooren, 2008

ThankforyouraIen1on!

regis.leal@bioetanol.org.br