An t' · 1 n-Amer1oel , aaul il lo-lubtha ~1dh an modh 6. An 01reamhaint leo do'n Ghaedh11g - gurab lad brfgh ague m1sneach na Comhluohta Gregg at' d' our amach - tU1gtear dam gurab

BROLLACH

An 01reamha1nt s.ep na luath-aor!obhtha Gregg do' n Ghaedh11g at' dd cur amach t6 l~thair, tagann s1 go m6r i dtrdth. T' a h-ionad t' leith ag an nGaedhilg 1nd1u 1 saoghal muinntir na h-lfireann. N! h-amh~in go bhfu11 sf chun tosai~ ar ohl'ra1bh na 9001 ach is m6 1 n-agha1dh an lae at' I! as teaoht i r'im i ngn'thchomhrddh na ndaoine. An't1r aeo agus ! dhd-theangach, rud nach raibh againn aoh 'na thaidhreamh b'rr-mh61ne ua1r amh'1n, t' a' l'mh linn. Inl na tromanna1bh sr&1de, 1ns na sr'ideannoibh t6~n, ag l'igheaohta!bh, 1ns na c6irteanna1bh dligne agul 1 n-or~1deonna1bh na nDdla1ri, ti teanga ~rlaldb 'na nOaedheal d' tr10tal go flu1rseach ath-uair. II g'1re 1 n-agha1dh an lae mar atd gddh 1e h-aithr11 ohruinn ar na h-or'1deanna1bh seo, agus 1s g'1re t61 an r1aohtanal Ion 'san sooghal tr'oht'la. Ta t'gh'll or tuarolt~l malth alrgld lnd16 ag aon oh16-lor!obhn61r-luoth-Ior10bhtha a dh'fh6sdann an obair lin a db'anamh tre Ghaodhilg. Agus t', do'n r'ir s1n, Iligne thairling leathan ann 1 gc6ir modhs luath-Ior!obhtha Ghoedhilge 1 n-a mbeidh an theldhm· oheart agul an oumal oeart.

An modb luath-Ior!obhtha 10, go dtugtar an modh Gregg a1r, ou1readb ar bun de'n ohlad ua1r ag Gaedheal 1 n-Amer1oel , aaul il lo-lubtha ~1dh an modh 6. An 01reamhaint leo do'n Ghaedh11g - gurab lad brfgh ague m1sneach na Comhluohta Gregg at' d' our amach -tU1gtear dam gurab ! an naomhadh 01reamha1nt do theangthachaibh naoh B'arla!. T4 sf curtha ~ n-'1r1ghthe do'n Phra1nno{1 oheana t61n agus do'n Ghearma1n!s, do'n Iod'11!1, do'n Sp'1nn!s, do theangain an Phortuige11, do'n Phola1nnis d'Esperant6 agusdo-n Afrlcoans. Ragha1dh S, ohun sp61se a thabhairt f6 ndeara n'r r1achtanaoh aoh athruohan tior-bheag ar an 01reamha1nt Bh6arla 'so oh's so. Seo thfos na prfomhathru1ghthe:

111

1v BROLLACH

( 1) Feidhm do bhuint as an ge~artha TH 1 gc6ir T (~eathan)

(2) " II II , It' gcOmhartha TEM 1 gc61r D (leathan)

(3) " " " II l:!ne fada anuas 1 gc61r DH n6 GH (leathan)

Adeirtear, 6's mar seo ~, nach g~dh ach dh~ mh! staid6ir chun dul 6 1~n-e6las ar an luath-scr!obhadh B~arla le Gregg go dt1 e6lns a bhe1dh gach aon phioc comb h-iomlan ar luath-scr10bhadh Gregg na Gaedh11ge, ach amha1n e61as 110mhtha ar an d~ theanga1n a bhe1th ag an mac-16igh1nn 6 thosach.

Do dhu1ne de'n fhu1r1nn bhreagh de mhd1nte61r!bh n bha1neann 1e Sc011 na gCe~rd 'san Rath 6 M~ine - do Bhean Cruise ui Bhr1a1n - at~ bu1dheachas na h-01bre seo ag du1. N1 h-aon tsuarachas 61r1me n~ cd11fh61the ba 1e6r chun a 1e1th61de seo de shaothar. Is fo11us gur chaith s1 lan-e61as a bhe1th aice ar 1dir B6ar1a a's Gaedh11g, agus rud ba mh6 f6s ba r1achtanach, an fhoghra1gheacht an d~ theangan ceadna. Nior 1e.6r san fein gan fior-tuigs1nt na 1uath-scr!obhtha a bheith aice chomh ma1th. Agus n10r 1e6r na ca11iochtai seo go 1e1r le ch~11e chun a leitheid de 1eabhar a churnadh. Bh! g~dh le f01dhne gan te6ra ~hun gabhai1 thar na ceata1ghth1bh do thar1n san tre6. Bh1 g~dh 1e taarma fada 1e cuardaigheacht, agus an dichea11 saotha1r ba riachtanach ar feadh na h-a1msire sin cuardaigheachta n! comainfi ar aghaidh leis gan d!oghrais agus duthracht na h-oibre do bhe1th ag an du1ne do dhein. Nf fios d'~inne ach amha1n do'n duine a thug f6 n-a 1eitheid d'oba1r me1d an tsaothair a ghabhann lei. Ach non dUine a mbe1dh d'adhmharaighe agus de sheanmhaire a1r fe1dhm do bhaint as an 1eabhar so 'sa bhfogh1uim dd, e s1ud is eadh thu1gf1dh a bhreaghthacht is t~ an oba1r seo daanta.

FOREWORD

The publication of this Irish adaptation of Gregg Shorthand comes at a very opportune moment. To-day the Irish language occupies a definite place in the life of the people. Not only is it prominent in the curriculum of the Schools but it is entering more and more into everyday conversation. The ideal of a bi-lingual nation is approaching realisation. In the trams, in the streets, in lectures, in the Courts and in speeches in the Dail the ancie-nt language of the Gael is again being freely used. And the need for a correct record of such Irish speeches is daily becoming more acute. In commercial life the necessity is still more marked: a competent Irish Shorthand-typist can command a good salary these days. There is therefore a large and useful field for an efficient system of Irish Shorthand.

I understand that the adaptation, which is being published through the enterprise of the Gregg Publishing Company, represents the ninth adaptation of this flexible system of Irish-American Shorthand. Previous adaptations were made in French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Esperanto and Afrikaans. It is of interest to note that only very slight modifications of the English adaptation were necessary in the present instance. The most important of these are:

(1) The utilisation of the TH sign for T (Broad) (2)" " "" TEN" "D (Broad) (3)" " "" long downward stroke

for D or G (Broad) when aspirated.

Under these circumstances it is claimed that only two months' study 1s required for the transition from a thorough knowledge of Gregg Shorthand in English to an

v

vi FOREWORD

oqually thorough knowledge of Gregg Shorthand in Irish for students possessing a fluent acquaintance with both languages.

The adaptation 1s the work of Mrs. Cruise O'Brien, M.A., one of the able staff of teachers of Rathmines Technical Institute. To undertake such a work called for ability of no mean order. It is evident that she had to possess a thorough knowledge of English and of Irish, and what was still more essential, of English and of Irish phonetics. In addition she required a sound knowledge of Shorthand. But not everyone gifted with these qualities could have produced this book. To conquer the difficulties that arose demanded infinite patience; and only keen enthusiasm could have successfully sustained the effort that was required over a long period of research. Only he who has essayed such a task can realise its magnitude; but anyone who is fortunate enough to study from this book will understand how ably the task has been accomplished.

JOHN F. BURKE

BA CONSOIN:

C

T

P B F

{ ( )

BA GUTHAf:

A1bgh1t1r na gComhartha{

BA TREASNAIN

G R L N

NA COIlHARTHAt SUAS

CR

A

D T (leathan) D (leathan)

~ r r NA COWARTHAI ANUAS

BB (V) S (oao1) DR, GR (leathan)

) PUINNTE OS CIONN GUTHA

R

BA CIORCAIL

EA, E E, I,

0 " NA CRUCAf

A, 1.., 6 u, 0,

V I?

/

t

U

CEACHT A H-AON

/

1. Na Gutba1

Na C10rca1l: /

~O "a" mar a cblo1stear 1

N.B.

o /

o I

"leatb. "

"e" mar a chl01stear "ge."

"e" mar a chl01stear "ge1t. "

"1" mar a chl01stear "n1d."

ni" mar a cbl01stear "r1."

1

1

1

1

/ I / / N1 gadb na combartba1 beaga so do cbur te na{c10rcala1b acht go b-annamb. Nua1r a bh10nn ta1th1ghe ag du1ne ar an luatbscr1bhinn is tu1r1ste le1s/.na toca1l d'a1th1nt gan na comhartha1 ta le1th do bhe1th r6 na c1orcala1bh. Ni m6r do'n tosnu1ghtheo1r, amhthach, na comharthal seo go 161r do chleachtadh agus 1ad a bhe1th ar bharr a phinn a1ge.

2. Na Consoin

Glua1seacht treasna ar agha1dh:

C G R L N M

,..---, ~ '--" ~

Glua1seacht suas:

T D Th Dh

/' ~ r r-1

/ 2 LUATHSORIBBDm GREGG

An po1nnte . Scrlobhtar os c10nn an ghutha ,

H •

3. R1aghalacha

Chun na c1orca1l do chur leis na consona1bh 0, G, R, L, H, M, T, D, n! m6r na r1aghalacha seo leanas do chur 1 bhte1dhm:

(a) Nua1r a thagann an c10rcal 1 dteannta Ie dronline scriobhtar 1 dtreo mar a the1gheann laMba an chlu1g e:

meadhon

~in

te

a1t

thu1t

8 !nne 0-/

(b) Nua1r a thagann aha chonson Ie ch61le ar nos go nde1ntear u111e, aon ch10rcal a thagann eatortha is gadh 6 do scr10bhadh lasmu1gh de'n u1l11nn seo:

nead -6 cine ~

m61d ~ gcine ~

te1ne ~ mil ~

n1d ~ meala --€.-P ge1t ,.----y 181m ~ cead rr5 c61m rcr-

( c ) "LUba tI is eadh ,-, ,..-----, ~ '---'"'" scriobhtar na c1orca1l la1stigb de luba1bh:

agus

r1th <...-J> c1th ~

le1th ~ lae '---R I ge ~ aige ~

/ .

CEACBT A H-AON 3

(d) Nua1r a thagann dh~ lft1b 1 dteannta le ch$11e ague a mhala1rt de threo ag an dara cheann aca, is ar dhrutm na lu1be tosa1gh is eadh a scr~obhtar an c1orcal:

c111 ~ leae

gearr,..----a....., re1e ~

4. Glua1seacht Re1dh

(a) Nua1r a thagann dh~ l~1b 1 dteannta le ch611e ague gurb 10nann raid do1bh, scrlobhtar le glua1seaeht r~1dh 1ad -- ag sleambnughadh mar a d6arra1:

cre1d' ~ gleanna ~ (b) Nua1r a thagann dha ltt1b 1 dteannta le ch~11e

agus narb 10nann raid do1bh, scr10bhtar gach ceann aca 'sa chuma mar is gnAthach agus ar an adhbhar sin deintear "cru1t" 1 nde1readh an chinn thosa1gh:

ele1te ~ gr61ne

6. "Ch" (leathan) agus "eh" (eaol)

(a) Cu1rtear comhartha na h-anala nO "" "seimh1ughadh" os e10nn an /I ehun ruatm an en (leathan) do tha1sbeaint:

ebraml

(b) Chun"eh"(eaol) a thaisbea1nt, amnthaeh, nl gadh an....... do seriobhadh ar ao' ehor acht an com-hartha do ehur os cionn an ghutha a leanss:

eheannu1gh ~

6. Gutha! Neaehtaracha

Nua1r a thagann gutha neachtarach roimh an geoDSon de1r1dh agus gur leathan an gutha 6, nl gadh an gutha do ehur 1steaeh; aeht nua1r is gutha eaol an gutha

/ • LUATHSORIBHINN GREGG

neachtarach 80 1s gadh an c10rcal beag do scr1obhadh:

me1geall ZI ,/ me1g1ll ~

7. Foc161r

ceannu1dhe ~ le1c ~

ra1d ~ ag ~

ceara ~ de1ch

------a1gne ~ me1rg ~

a1cme ~ me1lt ~

tha1rrge a.------a cu1l' ~

meacan ~ 1 I!

reaoa ~ n1de / lear ~ trl ~

01a ..-c; tao1 n /

/ ......q tulghe I""'J re / /

/I me --c:::> d1 I

me1re -f2J dao1 ,r-'t

ge1re " ~ m1 ---..

I

c'11l ~ n1dh --0

" I

me1n -c:r- ahu1dhe ,; / ~ me1le ~ tao1de I

I

le',r ~ chao1 A

t'1de ~ I c1g1re ~

CEACHT A H-AON 5

tead f tighe ".f

daoine ~ treith ~

greadadh ~ cle ~ o. Fooal-ohomhartha1

I ....--- ~ oa gtl1'

oad ) ~ gach ~ ceard)

&maoh -~ go ~

are1r ~ ar \...-'

ind6 -0 bhtu11 ~

l1tir ~ teacht ./

~ nach ~

de ~ go dtl

an, na

m6r, mo n!or -

t~, t~ dul ~

r ~ ,- dean )

do, duine d6anamh)

a, at d61dheanach ~ cur ,-.- ceann ....-.-

g. Foranamanna reamh-fhoclacha ,- ~ agam ~ d10m

agat ~ d10t ~ 110m ~ air ~

leat ~ uirthe L.-I'

6 LUATHSORfBHnm GREGG

10. Oainnteanna

1 n-eintheacht ~ cad e an dt1g 1eat~ad ! nl th1g 1iom~ 1 n-aioe

gach e1nne ------..--0 a ch10g

ar ao' chor ~ a11'1gh tu a.-cr cad Muige ~ an bhtu11 ~

cheannuigh tu e:r-< ca bhtu11

gach cheann ~ ar an, a1' na '--'""""

11. 81011a1 de11'1dh (b1'1athardha)

Na 81011a1 de11'1dh b1'1atha1'dha a o1reann do ghach ceacht tabhartar t' 1e1th 1ad agus caithfear iad a ch1eachtadh:

im) ighim ) aim) uighim) .::r----

eann) igheann ) ann ) uigheann)

id ) --- ighid ) ~ aid) uigh1d)

1dh) 19b) 1armh1ora neamh-

f1dh ) cheanga11te

ta1dh) 0 imid u1ghmld .,----

f1d ) ~ taid)

timii ) ~ teal' /-'" faim d)

12.

CEAOHT A H-AON

SAMPLAI

a1r1gh Q-P 1eagaidh ~

te1gh1m P,-- a1righim ~

1eagaim ~ eeannuighim --0 '" teigheann ,>f- airigbeaIUl ~

1eagann ~ eeannu1gbeann ~

t~ighid ~ airighid ~

1eaga1d ~ eeannu1ghid ~ theief'idh r?J theief'id ~

teighimld .....-<2_- ehitear ~

eeannU1gb1m1d ~~ 1eagf'aid ~ Na Po1nntl

Serlobhtar: , 1 ge6ir an Stoip

> 1 ge6ir an A1tatn (paragr'fa)

1 ge6ir an Strie, It _ n

)(. 1 ge61r an Chomhartha-eheiste, "?" .f J 1 gc61r an (

13. CLEAOHTADH

Le 1~1gheamh:

1. ~ ~" r - ~ . /' ....

8 LUATHSCRIBHINN GREGG

3. ~

4. r--

5. ~ ~ cr-o I

14· CLEACHTADH

La Scrlobhadh:

1. Ceannu1gh na h-earral 1 dt1gh Shea1n.

2. An dta1thnigheaun an 1itir 1eat? Taithn1gheann.

3. Nt fheicim 'inne ag teacht.

4. Nf cead d' e'inne na crainn do 1eagadh.

5. T'1m ag cur din tu1ghe ar an dt1gh.

6. An bhfu11 aon a1rgead ag an gceannu1dhe? Nt thu11.

CEACHT A DO

15. Cons01n

Glua1seacht anuas:

P B BB(V) 8(caol)

( ( ) ) H(meadhonach} DB ague GH

(leathan)

/ / peata bean tear bhean

cfo ~ d- ~ 'seadh ceatha ghaoth dhru1m

d ~ j L 16. Na 010rca11 asue na Cons oin Anuas

Nt mor fis'1d a dh6anamh des na r1aghalacha1bh 1 gOeacht a h-Aon chun na c1orca11 do chur leis na oonsona1bh anuas:

(a)

(b)

La1st1gh des na l~ba1bh:

P$ 6 re1th cJ pe11e ~ bhre1th I )

I c('

be11e G bearra~ ~

Lasmu1gh des na h-u111eanna1bh:

Peadar ~ peacadh ~ X b1nln I,-I I ) ) dr1nne ~ te1s r'

9

I


bhean ~ mheis rI fairrge ~ meis -f? ceapadh /7: /

fein ~ I

(c) Mar a theigheann lamba an ehluig nuair is iad na dronllnte at' Ina dteannta:

s1 J aiste ~ aistear 9---- eist ~ I

seadh d aisee ~ eise l'h ais 9

I. (d) NUair is lUba naeh ionann a dtreo ata -i geeist, ser10bhtar an eioreal ar dhrutm na luibe tosaigh:

ph!b I 1'7. Cionnus a' seriob~tar "pr." "pl." "br." "bl." "fr."

flfl," "vr," "vl.'

NUair a thagann IIp,'' "b," "f," n6 "bh (v)," i, dteannta le "r" n6 "1" deintear iad gan aon stop no uille a dheanamh:

~ ~ ( ~dhc6,/ ~r.2& phreab ( ~ breagh Co oibre C pleidhe (C-q bhreagb !o bhl&ith ~

c

18. Comharthal i geoir "ng" agus "ne."

(a) ChWl "ng," n6 "nn" (sr6naeh), (ii) a thaisbeaint, deintear an - do ehur ar seeabha mar seo

nge -0 phinn J... I

(b) Chun "ne" a thaisbe~int, deintear an _- nlos sia ague e ar seeabha mar seo __

rinnee ~

CEACHT A D6

L (c) Chun "-ainn," "-inn," "_ing" a tha1sbe~int scrlobhtar an pOinnte . Ie h-a1s an chons01n is de1dheana1ghe a thagann r01mh an s1011a ud

f'he1cinn r; fa1rs1ng d.-t. f'he1cfinn ,r""'I:

19. An s1011a "1s" no "ls"

11

I gco1r an t-s10i1a "-1s" no "-ls" ag de1readh foca11 1~ 1e6r an comhartha I do scrlobhadh. Taobh amuigh dlobh sin, amthach, is gadh na c10rcai1 do ehur isteach roimh an gcomhartha so:

bhe1m1s L r1s ~ bhe1dls ~ innis

acht meise -f? ce1s ceis

20. Ar an line

Seasann an conaon tosa1gh ar an line:

b / ceap {

21. An Seimh1ughadh Meadhonach

An Se1mh1ughadh Meadhonach "h" no "ch" (caol):

(a) Idir dha ch10rcal-~hutha tha1sbea1ntear an fhuaim "h" n6 an fhuaim Itch (caol) ar an modh so -cuirtear an "comhartha anuas" / 1steach eathortha:

beatha f oldheha j fiche J ceatha ~ a1th1dhe J de1the ~

(b) NUair a thagann an thua1m "h" id1r conson agus gutha 1s 1e6r an p01nnte • do scrlobhadh os eionn an ghutha chun an "se1mhiughadh" do tha1sbeaint:

ceaptha & 1eaghta -----00

12 LUATHSCRmHINN GREGG

22. Foc161r

t1mcheall ~/

pr!anhdha J (, plopa [)

L/ pe11t

p~1st

brlgh

bre1s

G'~ (;

bre1th /C be1r '-

1eaba ~

br61ge ;.G-. b&11 <:L-beannu1~ ~ br61d Sc:: ~1m

I

ceap ( se1p~11 . L tearg ~

r1ll ~ tllleadh ~ telc A r6 j

/

serlobh A-f;

se1lbhe /~ se1rbhls L, J bhre1 the'/ ~ gnlomh )/

bhr61g ~ /

e1leamh ~

ta1thneamh ~~ tao1bh /

~ bhe1st

bhfear

leanbh '--? leinbh ~

{seal /G tha1thn

elste

tr&1the

thre1the

ta1th1dhe

I

CEACHT A DO 13

23. 81011a1 De1r1dh

-u1gh .;

-inn -a1nn

-1mls -a1mia ---t

-1dla -a1dls .~

-eadh -adh (nua1r a fua1m1ghtear an canaon de1r1dh.)~

-finn -fainn

-t1mis -taimla ~

-t1dia -ta1dls ~

-feadh -tadh (nua1r a tua1m1ghtear an conaon de1r1dh.) ~

-1gh1nn -u1ghinn ~

-1ghimla -u1gh1m1a ~

-1g1dls -u1g1dla ~

-1gheadh (nua1r a tuaim1ghtear an cons on de1r1dh.) ~

-eamar -amar --"L.--'

-eadar -adar ~ -1gheamar -u1gheamar ~

-1gheadar -u1gheadar ~ -pin C -b1n {

I 8AMPLAI

bhte1Cinn~. bhfe1c1mls ~

/ 14 LUATHSCRIBHINN GREGG

bhfeicid1s ~ bhfeicfeadh ~ bhf.lc •• dh ~ cheannuighinn ~

bheannuigh se cheannuigh1m1s 0

cheannuigh s! 0-;1 cheannuigid1s ~ bhfeicfinn ), cheannuigheadh ~

bhfeicfimls ~ cipln ?J bhfeicfidls ~ pi1ibln .~

24. Foca1-chamharthal

pioc ( ceist 'I

bi, b'l ciste ~ fir j ithe I bhl, bh'l is teach ;-..

obair { aistigh y

se, 'se, seo I anois 7

beag ~ airls '-1

fior G siubha1 ~

oifig J---, sgea1 ~

treagra 2-----, seacht J-y-

fiafruigh J sin ~

d'fiatruigh ~ sinn {..

raibh, roimh J r sibh )

) siad bhe1 th, bheidh

dhuine

tolsg

u1mhlr

agalbh

mar

againn

25. Cainnteanna

e seo

rse seo

eSin

rse sln

an & seo

an 6 sin

beldh se

bheidh se

mbeldh se

go bhfuil

go ralbh

cia ata

CEACHT A D6

--------

beidh

slse

selsean

althne

ulsce

f seo

rsl seo

1 sin

rsi sln

an 1 seo

an i sln

beldh s{

bheldh s1

mbeldh s1

N1 ralbh

an ralbh

ar selsean

cad ata ) ar s lse '--::I 'ceard ata) r-v- T

an r61dlr leat ~ bean an tighe /

15

16 LUATHSCRfBHINN GREGG

Nt feldlr 1lam~ fear an tlghe

an bhfeloeann tu ~ meadhon oldhohe ----:r

ag lthe ;? 'bhtul1 althne agat? ~

d' lthe

le n-lthe '-/ 'ralbh althne agat? ~

Nt ra1bh althne alge ~

bhean an tlghe ~ a oh'11e J trl n-a oh'11e ~ go talrains

I mar a cheile ~L

L d 1e h-ais anois agus airis --"'-1 p' agea1 e

r-~.

;;J gach ui1e cheann ~ __ ~O

ar feadh

go l&ir

26. CLEACfiTADH

La 16 igheamh :

1. ~---- '--"" .

b-- /

3. ro ~ - 0~ ____ ~.,....-------o ......

_ """'-0

CEAORT A D6 17

4. L- ). /---P y er- ~

~)( .;--- .....

~ e· ~ '/ ~ ~, J ~-e ~,

2'1. CLEACHTADH

La ser{obhadh:

1. ~ raibh f1eadh ar suibha1 agaibh areir? w! raibh: bh10mar go 1eir ag obair go meadhon oidhehe.

l 2. Bh! Peadar Ina sQuidhe i n-aiee na teineadh. Bh1 a bhean ag deanamh elate.

3. Peata beag Iseadh Peadar. An bhfeieeann tu anois ,? Ta ~~ Ina 1uigne ar a 1eabaigh. Ta a8 ag 1eigheamh. Wi bhfonn pioe 1e deanamh aige.

4. W{ raibh aon airgead aice. W{ r'aibh aithne aice ar ~1nne. Bhi bean ag teacht isteaeh. DI1nnis Peig a sceal di. Thu1t amach go raibh aithne aiee uirthe.

5. Bl;l.{ te a~,1nn fe ~. Bht piopa ag fear an tighe. Bhf u1see beathadh aige, leis.

28. Na Guthal

C/

.C/

C/ /

bata

pota

cath

"a" "i" "0"

CEACHT A TRf

An crftca C/

mar a ch101stear 1 "cat. fl·

mar a ch101stear 1 "bad."

mar a ch101stear 1 "bo."

capa11 ~ radh ~

29. An cruca ar a thao1bh

coi'ra

Nua1r a thagann an cruca v roimh "n," "m," "r," n6 "1" cu1rtear ar a thao1bh 6, acht amh'in nua1r a bhlonn ceann des na "consona1bh anuas" roimhe.

Mar a 1eanas:

(a) Roimh "n" (c) Roimh "r"

glan marbh

~ ~

I I cana r::-o carr

16n ~ I or /c:..----

(b) Roimh "m" (d) Ro1mh "1"

rama ~ mala --c..--" / da1a ~ mam .r:....

18

I CEACHT A TRI

loma·~ 01 /~

(e) Aoht 1nd1a1dh na gConson anuas: )

Pol f---;. /' bhfalla ~ ban fr- s e 6mra fr--.:-.....O

falla '---0 gharbh I L 30. Foolo1r 7

Madra ~ fa1d

fhaoa (v--o ba

mban

I na

mbl'th~ d. r-="

bag'1ste ~ bp'1ste ~ thanag ~

f~ f-,

nar

fha1d

thagtha

dtagtha

oa1thte ~

gradh /~ ghradh 4 dha t d.re0111n ~ cota

d.rU1seog

pona

seod

Seo1rse

19


cn~

/ gadaidhe ~

gnath rat1a '--& ~

olar ~ cradh ~

tOd'n ~ /

oraidhte ~

mOna /c..D

tag .~ 10 '---r maidean ~ rOis

0 thar c.--

bord tar ~ I

o6mhaireamh / ragaire ~

31- Foca1-ohomharthal /

margadh ~ tada ~ m'thair --c......- tapaidh 7) imb'rach ~ amhthaoh

Maire ~ cathair L~ poca ?o bothar

phooa ~ ard I bpoca dhothain

pooa! {h dothain ~ abair ndothain --c-

gan ~ maith ---v

aoht

'?: tad'o y-v

bae pa!pear [

CEACHT A TRf

clar-eadach ~ ann Go-- Padra1g ~

32. Foranamanna reamh-thoclacha

do

d61bh

romham

romhat

romhainn

33. Cainnteanna

go f01ll /

d'r nd01gh ~

nl docha ~

r6mpa

roimhe

roimpe

roimhe seo

roimhe s1n

clar dubh ~

cla1r dhubha -----r da bhfu1l ~ /

an d61gh leat?~~ nach bhfu1l

an ma1th leat?~~an bh6tha1r Z nl d61gh 110m ~ pa1pear ~

nuadhachta e-n! ma1th 110:n~ cad na thaobh ~

go ra1bh ~ d6 fein r'7 / ma1th agat

gora1bh~ ma1th aga1bh /

a chara ~

fa1lte romhat L--v-1 gcomhnu1dhe .,..---"

1 gcomhgar

ar fad ~

1 nda1r1r1bh ~

lean leat \.. J2...... P

d' aon-ghno ---f? cad fa ndear -~ dQ bharr2 ~

21


34. CLEACHTADH

I.e 161gheamh:

1. ~ --c-P)<. 4 V 0 ~ • ,.,. /

2.

~

3.

~

~,

~,

/

~ ~ J-..

L ~ Ir; ~

/'

7'

'--""" ~~

C--- r

5. r-c- r:;;r;: I/' -0 ~ (~ /

............ ~~~,~ "'"

...------1 ,.----&..- ~,~ - ~,

35. CLEACHTADH

Le serlobhadh:

1. Ag teacht 1 geomhgar an bh6tha1r d6 d'a1r1gb s~ go ra1bh p61ste beag 'na shu1dhe ar an bhfalla.

CEACHT A TRf

2. Na t6g orm e sin.

3. Abair 1e Maire an e1ar-eadaeh do ehur ar an mb6rd. Ta se a seaeht a eh10g beag naeh.

4. Bhl an Madra marbh ar an mb6thar. Ni fhaea

23

P6l ar ao'ehor e. An d6igh leat go mbeidh br6n ar Ph6l toise an Madra bheith marbh? Ni d6igh 1iom go mbeidh. Ni raibh aon ~radh aige d6. Ni fhuil gradh ag P6l d'einne aeht d6 rein.

5. CUir r6d m6na ar an teinidh, a Ph'draig.

6. "Ni rearr d'rtlear eaeh na me."

'7. An obair sin ata ar siubhal agat obair i n-aistear 'aeadh i.

8. T6igheann M'ire go dti an margadh gaeh mi Be1reann st e1aean lei. D!olann s1 uibheaeha. niolann si s1ein!, 1e1s, anoia ague a1ria.

CEACHT A CEA'l'HAm

36. Na Guthai

An cruca n

mar a ch101stear 1 "muc."

mar a ch101stear 1 "crUdh."

rud -z: cn ~

bronn pUc a fn rug ~ dubhadh ,-r thug ;v----J ughdar ~

I

37. An cruca ar a thao1bh

Nua1r a thagann an cruca" 1 nd1a1dh "n" n6 "m" cuirtear Ina 1u1ghe ar a thao1bh ,. Cu1rtear Ina 1u1glle, leis, nua1r a thagann s6 1 nd1a1dh "c" n6 "g" agus "r" n6 "1" do bhe1th Ina dh1a1dh r61n:

(a) I nd1a1dh tin":

nod ~ nocht ~

(b) I nd1a1dh "m":

mol ~ amugha 0-1

(c) I nd1aidh "c" agus fir" Ina dhiaidh:

corr ~ cubhar ~

(d) I ndia1dh "g" agus fir" Ina dhia1dh:

goradh~ gth- ~ /

24

CEAOHT A CEATBAIR 25

(e) I nd1a1dh "c" agus "1" Ina dhlaldh:

codladh

(f) I ndlaldh g agus "1" Ina dhlaldh:

gol ~ gclil ~

38. "T" leathan ar a mhalalrt de thre6

Scr!obhtar an comhartha ( ar a mhala1rt de threo 1 ndlaldh "r" n6 "1" agus r6mpa, le1s:

gort ~

gorta ~

ta thar _____

39. Foclchr

slopa

tobar

tor

ubh

ullamh

lomar

moch

brothal

deoch

ruda!

rug

lueht

troda ~

molta ~

tlUgh ~

tlocfa1d

flluch

gruth

ghruth

corp

cloch

olna

cnoe

cogar

cogadh

cUls

lomdha


bhronn L gob

~7 ocht

~~ chun

borb chonnac ~

lughar chonna1c ~ I

rUn '-?- s10c h--.

dearmhad ~ l6namha ~

dearmha1d~ tabharfa1dh rr-P dhOnadh k greannmhar ~

nadnra ~ ctiram -r----co.pla ~

cuma ~

ubhla ~ dochar ~

dora,ts ~ lo.thmhar

~1 bob ~ co19

tiocfad bot6.n

40. An fhuaim "w"

(a) Nua1r a bhlonn an fhuaim "w" ar l1t1r thosa1gh an fhoca1l scriobhtar an cro.ca I? 'na h-10nad:

mhaol ~ /

mhala ~

(b) Nua1r 1s 1 lar an fhoca1l n6 1 nd1a1dh an chons01n thosa1gh a bhlonn an fhua1m seo, scrlobhtar line beag f6 bhun an ch10rca11 a thagann 1 dteannta 1e1s an bhfua1m:

fuinne6g 4------

CEACHT A CEATHAIR 27

S!neadh Meadhonach a tugtar ar an line seo.

N.B. (1) Nua1r 1s gadh an d1fr10dhacht ata 1d1r "ao" agus "6" n6 1d1r "ul" agus "i" a tha1sbea1nt de1ntear usa1d de'n Sfneadh Meadhonach:

(2)

g6 .......---:n gaoth L be11 C baogha1

c1a { caoth ( b1dh bu1dhe

Nua1r 1s e "dh" n6 "d"(leathan) n6 "t" (leathan) a bhlonn 1 gce1st, n! gadh an Sineadh Meadhonac do scriobhadh, t01sc comharthai fe 1e1th a bhe1th againn 1/ gc61r na bhfua1meamla seo, mar at' / ~r

Cu1r 1 gcas ~ s1n d11ghe

acht ~ s1n d1a01

~ s1n t1ghe

acht s1n tuighe

41. "Dh" a~us "th" (cao1) nua1r a bhlonn c10rca11 na nd aidh

(a) Ciorca1 beag an comhartha 1s ceart do'n fhuaim seo "dh" no "gh" (cao1). Nua1r a thagann an fhuaim seo 1 dteannta 1e c10rca1 bea~, ni m6r an da ch10rca1 do chur 1e chei1e agus "ubhchruth beag a dheanamh diobh:

dhe1n c::::r- gheit /

(b) Nuair a thagann "dh" n6 '''gh'' (cao1) r01mh ch10rca1 m6r, cuirtear an da ch10rca1 1e chei1e, leis, agus de1ntear "ubhchruth" m6r diobh:

dhearc ~


(0) Chun "db" n6 "gh" (oa01) do thai'sbea1nt r01mh ohrUoa, soriobhtar an 010roa1 beag roimh an goruos:

dbe6ra ~ ghe6bhad ~ I

dheooh ~ gh1fi1s /~

42. Foranamanna reamh-f'h001aoha

aoa

ort

ohughat ;y

ohu10h1 n-a duinn

dhao1bh

orra1nn ~.

orra1bh "'-"

ortha

uaim

chugha inn

ohugha1bh

chucha

tUm ua1t

ua1dh

ri tfit I ...

~ u tu1nn

ua1the

uainn

ua1bh

uatha

J tU1bh

) J

tu1the

tlitha

dam

ohugham.L-- du1 t

43. S1011ai de1r1dh

-odh ) -adh ) -eadh)

-tadh ) -teadh)

dham

dhu1t

dh6

dhi tJ

dhuinn ! clh01bh j umat ~

uime

u1mpe

umainn

uma1bh

:-abhar ~

-aoh ....--,

-aoha ,..-z>

-acha1b J

CEACHT A CEATHAIR

SAMPLAf

bhiodh ) thagadh ~

thugabhar ~

thangabhar ~

leagadh ~

dtlocfadh ~

leanbhach

cathracha

N.B. Nualr a bhlonn an s10lla delrldh tf_adhtf n6 "-eadhtt ann mar shlol1a delrldh do'n A1nm Br1athardha, scriobhtar an c10rcal mor Ina ch61r mar a bhl againn cheana:

do leagadh ~ ~

ag leagadh

44. Focal-ohomharthai

amulgh ~ tart

ind1u --, pelct1u1r

ua1r ~ chuadha1s

congalbh ~ chuadhamar

focal ~ chuadhabhar

focall ~ chuadhadar

bhfocal ~ tabhalr

gurb z:r abhalle

bocht nualr

bhuall ~ leath-ualr

tlilsoe ~ lad

~ ?-v

? ~

~

~

~

-z,

~

~

~


athrughadh

Nod1a1g

45. Cainnteanna

Ma's e do tho11

tabha1r dhom

an dtabharfa1dh

e

tU?

an 1~ fe de1readh -gach u11e sh6rt

chomh fhada seo

6 mha1d1n go h-01dhche

6 10 go 10

cor ar b1th

1 n-am

fear an phu1st

trathnona 1 mb~rach

ma1d1n 1 mbarach

ma1d1n 1nde

ca1theamh ) ) rv

cha1theamh)

~ ~

~

~ ~

~

0 ~

ma1din 18 ar n-a bharach ~

anocht ~

athrughadh 1 mbarach ~ athrughadh inde L 1 bhfocair

im'fhocair - ""?

La

OEAOHT A OEATHAm 31

'na f'hoca1r

'na f'oca1r

'na bhf'oca1r L ganmo111~

1m' o1f1g ~

rude11e~

ar bun

gach ao'bha11 ~ 1 n- ao'bha11 ~

gach ao'rud ~

pe rude11e ~

rud '1gm ~

46. OLEAOHTADH

1e1gheamh:

1. ~

7~ 2. fJ-D ~

3. -..r ".- ~ --_./ r ~

~ I--P ~ )C.

4.~ -~.~~)(

5. ) ~ '-'l ~ ~ . ~

32 LUATHSORmHINN GREGG

7.~ ~. /-v)( ---...- -z.,: r_-

47. CLEACHTADH

La s cr! obhadh:

1. An dtabharfa1dh tu 1eat ~ no an gcuir1dh m6 ehugbat e? Tabharfad an tae 110m aeht t~se eomh ma1th dhu1t an sinera do ehur chugham.

2. Bh! 10nghnadh ortha nuair a bhual1 se 1steaeh eh'Cicha.

3. Na dearmhald e~p1a focal do radh 1e fear an phu18t nua1r a th10eta1dh se maidin 1 mbarach.

4. Bua11 amach 110m trathn6na 1 mb4rach. MUlnfead eeaoht duit. Teigh 1steach 1 s10pa e1gin,ar maldin. Ceannu1gh na ma1d! ann.

;if

5. Taim marbh aca. Bfonn s1ad ag troid 6 mhaidin go h-01dhche. Ba 1ughar 110m an s10c na 1ad.

S. Ta 86 1eath-ua1r tar els a h-ooht a oh10g. .Tt se in-am du1t du1 a chod1adh.

CEACHT A CUIG

48. "s" (leathan)

Chun "s" 1eathan do tha1sbea1nt de1ntear lfsa1d de'n ghearrstad )

I dteannta 1e consona1bh a1r1the, 1s gadh an comhartha seo do scriobhadh ar a mna1a1rt de thred (

49. An gh1ua1seacht 1s tearr a o1reann

(a) Nua1r 1s g~dh "s" 1eathan do chur 1e 1uba ar agha1dh (nd lo.ba treasna) toghtar an comhartha a scriobhtar 1e1s an ng1ua1seacht gc~adna 1e1s an 1dba go gcu1rtear 1e1s e. 'Se s1n 1e radh, leis na 1uba1bh ....-J ~ cu1rtear) agus 1e1s na 1tiba1bh '-'" '----'" cu1rtear (

scar chonnacas

slan eolas

sraoth doras

(b) Nua1r a thagann "s" leathan 1 n-61ntheacht le h-aon cheann des na lnba1bh anuas "p," "b .. " "t," "bh" n6 "mh" (caol) toghtar an comhartha a scriobhtar le1s an nglua1seacht gc6adna le1s an luba go gcu1rtear leis

6, mar aj ) ) )

mheastar ~ reasa J lle 1rmheas '--2-gC08a1bh ~/

aspal

33

34 LUATHS CRmHINN GREGG

50. An ceann le n-a .ndeanfar u1lle

Nua1r a thagann "s" leathan 1 dteannta le

'se an "s" a toghtar ~Q an ceann le n-a nd6anfar u1lle ghear, nua1r a chu1~tear leis an gconson e1le sao e:

thaas tu1gh 9..0 stor ~

feasta

teas

deas

51. An gearrstad

~ -f? /

snaa

seans

leasa

Nua1r a thagann "s" leathan le an gearrstad

•••• g • br.ath.. 0 52. An gearrstad ro1mh chrnca

L.y

d-c

~

toghtar

Scr!obhtar an gearrstad, le1a, nua1r a thagann "a" leothan roimh ch~uoa:

ath ~

sas .f aolas ~

s6las /~

sngradh ~ I

sn1le ~ I

.op t }: Sab61de ~;

,/

53. S (laathan) I n-1onad "s" (caol)

Nuair a thagann "a" (leathan nO cool) roimh "p," scr!obhtar mar "s" leathan e 1 gcomhnu1dhe:

sport 6 speal L

spr'

CEACHT A CUIG

spe1r /" /t::L--

N.B. Nua1r 1s conson anuas an conson a tbagann 1 nd1a1dh "s," 'se an conson anuas seo a chu1rtear ar an lfne

( ( )) 54. An s 10lla "us "

35

Scr10bhtar an s10lla "us" gan aon u1lle do dhe&namh, nua1r a bh10nn an s10lla "so" (a) mar sh10lla tosa1gh an thoca1l, (b) 1 nd1aldh consoln anuas, (c) 1 nd1aldh "c" no ug":

thosnulgh ~ gcos ,,--., bos )5 cos ~ bhos gus -----, cos tas

~ sos j

N.B. Nl mor an u1Ile do dheanamh, &mhthach, nua1r a bhfonn c10rcal 1 nd1aldh a{n "s":

cosa d bosa

55. S10lla1 delr1dh

-eas) -1gheas ) ) ) no ( ) J n6 ~

-as ) -u1gheas)

SAMPLA:f

thugas -?---J cheannu1gheas Cr-t' chulreas ~ d'1mhth1gheas ~ d'thagas ~ thosnulgheas % d'thanas ~ bhrostulgheas


56. Foranamanna reamh··fhoclacha

as am L-- as ~ as a inn ) asat er- asta 'YO asa1bh

5'7. Foc161r

sra1d ~ cleas ~ easnamh ) sra1th c...-.c., easbog ~ casadh

~ sron ~ sp6rt U casadh ~ sruth ~ spag ~ n6sa

~ srothanna ~ speala1m~ ceasna ~ saor ~ spe1s ~ las aim "--t:-.-

/

sao1re 0 sp1d gasta

l: curaa ~"' bas ~( ghasta

creasa ---€ sta11c~ esscn ~ cr10s ~ t1nneas /7 s6.1ste /ic slacht~ meas -P scolb (

slat L....d measa -5' crusta~ \

slaod L-? sheas 9 easa c!9 I

:;Jlapaire~ sasa .~ cneas ~

slogadh~sasa1re .L, cneasu1dhe -y slogh ~ sugan ~ cneasta

C 110s ~ leas "---f/ blas

saoghal L-- craos ach --e., blasta ~ /

CEACHT A aUlG 3rt

serUduigh ~ deaseadh ~ sernduigheas r-7' thus a J

58. Foeal-ehomharthai

is, agus, thios, so ) thios ; Athas ~ suas } seoil ~ sios ~ gars On ~ anuas f arsa ~ ant os -f

poat (( dosaon ("L

bpoat dhosaon 1 phuist ) sl'inte L---<-

thuas, ehuadhas ) tsl'inte ~

teas tAil ~ annso , teastas ) san J.-

bh10s tosnu1gh ~

uasal :> tosnughadh ~

eionnus r<c turas, trose'n ~

59. Cainnteanna

du1ne uasal ,rt' a dhu1ne uasail J a dha01ne ua1sle.

a bhean uasal ~

38 ,-

LUATHSCRIBHINN GREGG

'sa bha11e i-is mise ~

is s1nne ~

is mise Ie meas ~

is mise Ie meas m61' ~

is s1nne Ie meas ~

is s1nne 1e meas m61' ~

is ma1th 110m ~

nf beag son 7 'na dh1a1dh sin a's u11e C----) ~

CQ bhf10s dom ~~

t' a fh).os agam ~

nl fhu11 a fh10s agam ~

an bhfu!l a fh10s agat ~

is 110m-sa 6

is leatsa 6

is agam-sa at'

is agat-sa ata

is cuma

is cuma 110m

de bheatha-sa

t' s6.11 agam

CEACHT A CUIG

Dia's Muire dhuit ~ go mbeannuighidh Dia dhui t -4 sian leat ~

sian a bhai1e

n1 raibh a fhios agam ~

sar a bhfad V ?-. cia'n fha1d

an post so

ag anbpost so

60. CLEACHTADH

~

J !

Le le1gheamh

7:

1. ~ _~ ~)~

r--. ) 2. -<--- ~ J-. ) ~ ____

39

.--, -:; 'T" i- ) -:2--, ~. ~ ~ , 3. ere I ~ d ~ "'? ----. ------

~ ~ Ii, 4. yo

40 LUATRSORIBHINN GREGG

5. --0

61. CLEACHTADH

La s cr10bhadh:

1. Is dana gach madra i ndoras a thighe t6in.

2. Nt thui1 6inne gurb' thus a bob a bhua1adh air n' an duine go dta1thn1gheann an bob leis.

3. Anoia, a bhean uasal, cad a theastu1gheann ua1t? Is tada nach bhtacas 'sa s10pa thu. Ta su1l agam go bhtuil tu ar toghnamh.

4. Is ma1th an scathAn sn1l charad.

5. N{ dh6antaidh an saoghal capal1 r'1s d'asal.

6. I gcosa1bh na con a bh{onn a cuid.

7. Go mbeannuighidh D1a dhu1t, a Phe1g. Dia's Mu1re dhu1t, a Pheada1ri bhfu1l a th10s agat cad a chlog 6.

CEACHT A SE

62. Dha-fhoshair (mheassuithe aSus neamh-mheasSju1the)

ua n +0 =d buadh f ue n + 0 = t9 bua1dh

au) dal1 ~ )

ou) abhann tF-) o + 17 =6'

shamh1u1gheas cJL---e au) )

~ ou) domhan

111 0 + n If' fiu )

ay} fadhb ~ } ey) 1eadhb G

) o + 0 f9 oy) foidhne 04-

) Gy) aimh1eas ~

81 v + 0 t.9 dail ~ 61 ~ + 0 " se61dh 6

/ /

beal C-ia ~ + 0 == Q

1a 0 + 0 =0 Br1an ~ / :::;.

yo 0 + V :: (f' 1e6r. ~ 41


N.B. Nl gadh an da-fhoghar "ua" a thaisbeaint aeht ag deireadh foeail.

fuar ~ buan ?-gual --r----- fuadar L dual r7--- dhual

I .

63. Foe16ir

muadh ---c9 adlunad ~ tuagh r(3 eaidhp

~ suathadh j gadhar ..-----Q-

lugha '----Cl adhare ~

duadh (7) radhare ~

sluagh L-f) raghad ~ ehuaidh "'" . ladhran ~ £J guail ~ greim --------ur--ruaig ~ feidhm cL--luaithrigh ~ feighil ~

fuaim 1- bhfeighil L cabhrughadh ~ saghas q gabha ~ leigheas ~

gabhar ~ eain ~

bodhar ~ gaire .----vJ

bodhrughadh ~ rail ~

fOghluim~ t~in ~

CEACHT A SE 43

toghadh ~ saile ~

roghadh '-6' pairc Z scannradh ~ bpAirc

rabhas '-OJ chead r rabhais '-0/ ead

~ rabhamar ~ breag

rabhadar ~ Seadhna ~ ciumhais 1 greasuidhe ~

giusta ~ gleas -------f9

liUgh ~ gear ~

liu.ighrigh ~ fear a2-liJdar ~ bhfear 2 nio.dar ~ ceas ~

bior £ gr1an ~

piocaim ~ caill ~

~ir1gh cJ-P liath ~

ceol ~ fial ~ leor r scian { beora beo

me on --t!- 'neosad -V-64. An s1neadh caoluighthe

(a) Nuair is gadh fua1m chaol a thaisbeaint roimh dha-fhoghar leathan, scriobhtar line beag anuas rotmh

44 LUATHSCRIsHINN GREGG

an dJ-fhoghar. W1.m6r an 11ne beag so do chur 1eath'stuas de'n da-fhoghar.

1eabhar ~ geamhar ~

(b) Chun an fhua1m chao1 a tha1sbea1nt 1ndh1a1dh dha-fhogha1r 1eathan, cu1rtear an line beag anuas 1 ndh1a1dh an da-fhogha1r agus 1eath's-tuas de a1r1s.

// 1eabha1r ~ geamha1r ~

N.B. (1) Is beag a1t gur gadh an sfneadh caolu1ghthe seo do chur 1steach acht n1 mor do'n mhac-le1gh1nn 6 do be1th cleachttha a1ge.

(2) N1 gadh an s lneadh caolu1ghthe do chur 1steach r1amh leis na consona1bh

//" 6s rud e gur consoin chaola 1ad-:-san 10nnta fe1n

tea;pa11~mhan seabhac ~ de abha 1

65. An fhuaim chao1 1 nd1a1dh an ch1orca11 bhr1ste

Chun an fhua1m chao1 do tha1sbea1nt 1 ndh1a1dh an ch1orca11 bhr1ste C? chr1ochnu1ghtear an c1orca1 beag a1st1gh 'sa ch1orca1 mh6r, mar seo ~

adha1rc {!)-----

N.B. Na n6ta1 a ghe1bhtear f6 R1agha11 a 64 baineann s1ad leis an R1agha11 seo, leis.

66. An fhuaim "y" ro1mh ch10rcal br1ste

Chun an fhua1m "y" ("gh" n6 "dh" cao1) do tha1sbea1nt ro1mh ch10rcal br1ste, de1ntear ubhchruth de'n ch10rcal

ghe1bheann 0--

CEACHT A SE

67. An fhuaim "w" roimh dha-fhoghar

Cuirtear an cruca n isteach chun an fhuaim "w" do tha1sbea1nt roimh dh'-fhoghar.

mha1dhm OJ--68. "A" agus "a1"

45

Is annamh gur gadh 1d1r-dhealughadh a dh6anamh 1d1r "a" agus "a1," 65 rud e go dta1sbean'rm an gutha, a leanas an chons01n 1 ndhia1dh na fUama so, c1a'ca 1s "a" n6 "a1" ata ann.

mala ~ maille ~

Nua1r is gadh, amhthach, an fhua1m chaol do tha1sbea1nt 1 ndh1a1dh "a," cu1rtear an s ineadh caolu1ghthe 1steach do re1r Ra1gha11 a 64b.

sal ~ sail ~

69. Focal-chomhartha1

ruadh -....-.:> ardu1gh ~

luath ~ ragha1dh J)

luach '---& labha1r ~

samhradh ~ ra1dhte ~

la1d1r ~ ta1dhbhse

~ ma1gh1stir ---.., tha1n1g

naire -rJ bead !J-c6adna ~ bhead

b11adha1n ~ mbead --e-b11adhna ~ mbeadh ~


e1rghe (!) bh6adh ~ agha1clh (J Thadhg ~ ca1nnt "l!> Taclhg ~

ca1nnte ~ Ra1dhr1 ~ sra1d Lc.9 lanamhaclh ~

eadach ~ 1asc h

blhrd £ uachtar ~

la1threach ~ {ochtar tr""'

catha1n -c- uachtarach ~

tuarastal r<-t 10chtarach ~

70. S1011ai de1r1clh

-1ghthea ) -1gheadh ) ) e ) 6'

-u1ghtheA) -u1gheadh)

SAMPLAf

che annu1ghthe a o--e d'1mth1ghthea C ba111gheaclh

tosnuigheaclh ~

71- Ca1nnteanna

ag e1rghe r-c> os c10nn ~

1 gc10nn ~ gan ambras ~

I CEACHT A SE

gan dobht ~ da fheabhus

1 bhfeabhus J ar ehuaird

ar ball ar barr

sar abhfad L V- i geomparfiid

1 dtre6 ~ um ChQ1se

urn Nodla1g ~ 'seadh {

ehead ua1r ~ 'seadh 1ad

'seadh e d am eeadna

1 n-agha1dh an lae --'iL-O

is m1an 110m

ba mh1an 110m

ba mha1 th 110m

ar mha1th leat

n10r mha1th 110m

le eongnamh De.. ~

bu1dheaehas le D1a ~ go bhf61r1dh D1a ~

is amhla1dh

mar gheall ar

[03

~

Lrc n-zj

.,;.

rf r-~

lanamhadh nuadhph6sta ~

la1threaeh ba111 ~

da mb'aHl leat '~

4'7


72. CLEACHTADH

Le le1gheamh:

1. f'~. ~)~~ ~ ~ ~ --6' --'<--..0'

2.~~6>~~~ /

3.~ ~ L--<..--' - ~ ) ~

.)!&---z .r) )-0 ~ L./'

4';1 0 ). L-o - ~, ~ ~-- ~ 0,

5. ~

6.9r

~ C ~ 9-- 0 ~~, ~ L - d'- ) ~ ~,

CEACHT A SE 49

73. CLEACHT ADH

Le scr:tobhadh:

1. Beldh an lanamhadh nuadhph6sta ar chualrd chughalnn ar ball agus n!or mhalth 11nn go mbeadh bun clelte lsteach na b~rr clelte amach nualr a bhald annso.

2. N! thabharfaldh se de sh~samh dainn go mbaadh a fhlos agalnn clonnus ata an sceal alge 'sa bhal1e. Acht n! duine de'n ch'il sln mise.

3. Biadh agus deoch um Nodlalg agus eadach nuadh um Chaisc.

4. Anns1n d' arduigh sa a lamh agus bhua11 sa an charralg dha ua1r agus do ghlua1s caise l!onmhar u1sce amach as an gcarralg 1 dtre6 gur 61adar go lalr a nd6thaln m6r ulsce agus gur baineadh an tart d!obh go h-lomlan.

5. Ta an locht san alr, gan amhras, achtls suarach le radh a 1 gcomparald le n-a threlthlbh sualrce subh'11ceacha.

CEACHT A SEACHT

74. Cumaisc

Ta conso1n ann agus nua1r a thagann s1ad 1 dteannta 1e ch~11e is rusa 1ad do scriobhadh gan aon stop n' u111e do dheanamh. D' bhr!gh sin, de1ntear cuma1sc des na consona1bh seo.

'Sind so na cuma1sc ata ann:

J 1 gc61r "ntll no "nth" _ / n6 _ r

1 gc61r "nmll n6 "mn"- -- no

() (1 gc61r "di" n6 "dV"~) n6 ~) (

"dhv"r) r-) (1 gc61r "dhr lt no no

75. An cumasc "nt"

~

76.

cinnte ~ deanta

pUnt t:./ pu1nt V bptlnt {j smao1nte ~ sa1nnt ~ aontu1gheann ~

An cumasc "mn" dtlnaim ( mna

rana1m !-- mnao1

1eanaim~ a1nm 0

N.B. Scr10bhtar an cumasc "mn" 1 ic61r an ts1011n de1r1dh br1athardha -ann" n6 "-eann" 1 ndh1a1dh "n" no "m".

50

77.

CEACHT A SEACHT 51

dUnann-ae ~ cromann-ae ~ fan.ann-a! t J tumann-s! r-' J

An cumasc "dftt

de1f1r ~ ca.1teamh ~

de1ghmheas fc) ba1lt1bh U7 cre1deamb ---0 sluaghta1bh' ~

N.B. Nua1r ~ bh{onn focal ann 1 n-a bhfu1l"-t1bh" n6 n-ta1bhn 1 ndh1a1dh"n;' n! m6~an cumasc "df" a thoghadh thar c10nn an chuma1sc "nt."

smao1nt1bh ~ 1onntao1bh

bmta1bh 0 c1anta1bh

b11adhanta1bh C-IJ cu~nta1bh 78. Foclo1r

phnnt U gllnnte ~ 10nnta J innte J ma.1nte ~ mha.1nte .~

telnte ~ l!nte ~ lfonta ~ clanta ~ scianaim I

0 carnalm .~

glana1mr .c: d6anaim ~

JIIIl81bh 7' delbhldhe ()

delfreach ~ mlltlbh ~ f)

c'lrd1bh --1/ nonta1bh -J/

52

'19.


gleannta ~ anam c

Scota1bh ;--vI'7 meanma -"""c>~--'O"

leanamha1nt ~ de1ghmhein QCre1deamha1nt~ de1ghmh11;meach ~ fnnaroha1nt ~ de1ghmheabha1r Q-laetheannta ~ de1fr1ughadh ~ ua1reannta ~ laetheannta1bh ~ aontu1gh1m cV-b11adhanta CY te1nteQn ~

the1ntean ~

s ce1meanna .Ir--o- -0

Focal-chornbartha1

ro1nnt ~ baint U deantUs ~ deantn1s ~ ta19beitnt ~ •

th~1sbea1nt ~

sloinnt1bh ~ mhnihd1bh -eY?

//1 n61me1nt1bh ~ /

s11nnt1bh ~

ceadta1bh ~

d1omhao1n r2 cUntas ~

10nam

10nat ~

1ona1nn

10ngantach ~

dao1bh, co1tcheanta ~ d1fr1odhacht ()

proinnteach G/ a1theantas J-/ d' fheadfa fl

CEACHT A SEACHT

so. Ca1nnteanna

1 dteannta

1 dtaobh

aon t-

anura1dh

n1 f'headfa -?2 a radh lea t ~-.--O

an mo

1aetheannta sao1re

'na theannta

an t-

i mb11adhna

an bhf6adfa

a radh 110m

'de mhe1d

an t-seachtmha1n seo chugha1nn ~

an t-seachtmhain seo chalthte ~

an mh! seo chugha1nn t(',

:: ::~1:::a::-:::t:hugha1nn ~ ar an oba1r seo c:

Sl. CLEACHTADH

Le 1e1gheamh:

1. ~ ~ ------. ~ -

2.~

53

54 LUATHSORIBH~~ GREGG

____ 0 "

5. r ('-< ) t--

82. OLEAOHTADH

La scr10bhadh:

1. Is caora mhor an t-uan 1 bhfad.

2. Oa ragha1dh td 1 gco1r na 1aetheannt~ sao1re 1 mb11adhna? Ni fhh11 a fh16s agam fos: bh10s co1s na ta1rrge anura1dh acht blfhearr 110m scathamh beag a cha1theamh ar na s161bht1bh an babhta seo.

3. Na smaointe ceadna a bhi a1ge, bhiodar 1 n-1nt1nn na ndaoineadh mbocht go lair. Aon d1fr1odhacht amhain eatortha. Do smao1n se1sean na smaointe nf ba dhoimhne.

4. Is 10ngantach an focal a radh gurab 1ad na rudai is co1tcheanta na rUdai is fearr do bhronn D1a ar an gc1ne daonna.

5. Scrfobh cttntas ge~rr 1 dtaobh an t-saogha1l a bhfodh ag na dao1n1b i n-~1r1nn. fadlo.

s. N1 h-a1theantas go h-aontigheas.

CEACHT A H-OCHT

83. Na c10rca1l ar a mhala1rt de thre6

T' se foghlurntha aga1nn cheana 1 gCeacht a h-Aon gur g~dh du1nn na c10rca1l do scr!obhadh 1 dtre6 mar a th~1gheann lamha an chlu1g. Chun an llt1r "r" 1 ndhlaldh na gclorcal do thalsbealnt, scr!obhtar an clorcal ar a mhalalrt de thre6 do r~lr na rlaghalacha so th!os:

(a) R01mh dron-line,n6 Ina dhla1dh, n6 fd1r dha dhron-11ne a scriobhtar ar an dtre6 gceadna:

suas:

a1rm

a01rde

tir

mear

mear

te1rt

D61rdre

se1sear

atha1r

ceatha1r

(b) Id1r chonson treasna agus conson a ghlua1seann

neart

ceart

ceartu1gh ~

gc1rt

ceardcha ~

c61rde ~

(c) Idlr chonson anuas agus "t," "d," "n," n6 "m":

p1arda

b1rt1n

feart

feartas

fearn

bhf'earn

felrm

feirrde 65

56

84. Foc161r

6arnaim

Earnan

e1rse

feirme

bhfe1rm

fearaim

fearn6g

bearta1bh

feartaibh

mbeart

bearna

bhearna

sceart

sceartadh

idir

meidir

mheid1r

dibirt

dhibirt

imirt

deir

LUATHSCRfBHINN GREGG

aba1rt

se1rd1n1

g1rteal

mirde

beirt

mbeirt ~

bheirt ) fe1d1r y b'fh61d1r A-, bh I the 1d1r ~

mb 1 fhe1d1r ~

ndear -D

fanair ~ dUnair ~

leanair ~

cainir ~

m~1nir ~

cromair ~

Eisirt Y'1<-

muintir -'

CEACH'l' A H-OCHT 5'

saga1rt J scearta1m ry-ghu1rt sceartan

7 shaga1rt ;,..---;y saordha

maor --'2. sao1rse j

ch1rt ;,- ceartu1gh1m ~

mao1r --"- neartu1gheann ~

so1rn L 1arna1dhe ~

1m1r ~ 1arma1rt a--r/

85. Focal-chomhsrtha1

d1reach ~ El1threacha J-n , cathao1reacha ~ E1reann CL

«

dr1tha1r ~ cu1rt1d ~

dr1t1n1r // gcu1rf'1d ~

mu1ntear J speartha1d V cArta1 ....-y-o g110nndar ~ ceard ~ spa1rn r:. daor / spa1rne L t61gh1r ,P spa1rt ? m~1reanna ~O spa1rn1m ~

sagart ~ sparQn L se1r1thean f- ta1rnge X

thart. V- 1arann 6-

58

86.


gearrfad ~ iarraim EL--

cuirfead ~ iarrfad ~

gcuirfead ~ tr11ir ~

cu1rtear -Y' ceathrar ..-d..,..,

cathao1r cfi1gear ~

ochtar L mOr-she1sear ~

Cainnteanna

ar aon sceal ~ 1d'aonar

go d!reach .--/ 'na aonar

im'aonar iii {;..' 0 'na h-aonar

is fearr dom ~ ~ is fearr d6

be irt thear ~ {;; aon fhear

Post na mBeart ( ~

mo dhr!tha1r --i-P

mo dhr!fin1r

e7~ is fearr dhu1t

b'fhearr dom

ta an ceart agat ~

t~ an ceart a1ge ~

ta an ceart againn ~

bh! an ceart agat ~ ni theadar ~

~ ~

~

J--~

CEACHT A H-OCHT 59

8? CLEACHTADH

Le 1eigheamh: ) ,

1.:----; ~,---- ~ ~ ~ )

~u/(2C, 2. -. ~ ~ h L..- ) A

r 0,

5. L - ) C tf"I--- r ~ ~ r-:..

) /"")? I--l Q ~ - J-- ) ~ y-o ~ j-,


88. CLEACHDADH

La scr1obhadh:

1. C1ao1dheann neart ceart.

2. N1 ra1bh aon bheart e1~e aca 1e n-a dt1ocfa1d1a a1r.

3. Bh10s ag an bhfe1rm inde. N10r thanas 1 bhfad ann, dmhthach~ mar bh1 se ag feartha1nn go tram.

4. An bhfe1ceann tn an trucali mh6r ualthne s19 1 1ar an bh6tha1r? Post na mbeart 'seadh e.

5. An fe1d1r 1eat a radh 11am an mo fear 1 n-Alrm na h-Elreann? Ni fe1d1r.

6. Be1rt ag troid agus lad ar aon scea1.

7. Feach su1 a 1e1mlr.

8. N1 neart ga cur le che1le.

CEACHT A NAOI

89. Reimh-mh10ra

An chuid is m6 des na raimh-mh10raibh scrlobhtar fa leith iad, agua n1 mor iad do chur Os cionn an fhocail ar an dtaoibh thiar de.

Ceann amhain d10bh, ~mhthach, gur ~adh a cheangal leis an bhfocal, eadhon ~ i gcoir com" n6 "cum":

N.B.

compas 7 cumann

Nuair a thagann an reimh-mh10r so roimh ghutha gur gadh e do chur isteach, scriobhtar~ na choir.

comaoin ~

90. Reimh-mh!ora neamh-cheanga1lte

N! m6r na raimh-mhiora neamh-cheangailte seo leanas do chur de ghl&n-mhea~air agus iad do chleachtadh go dnthrachtach.

RO- '-'"

REIMH-,

rO-fhada ~ r6-ard '--/ r6-dhaor ~£ r6-mhaith '--'"

'V

REAMH- .......0

re1mh-mh10ra o...-OLO reamh-radh '--"~

reamh-fhocal ~ reamh-e61as .......oc.--(

reamh-fhios '-9 r6amh-chainnt ~ R!GH-, R!OGH-, RI- .....J

r1gh-110s -....J)-----t r10gh-fhuil ~~

61


r1gh-fhear ~~ ~/

riogh-dhlhl L LEATH-, LEITH- "----"

'---""V 1eath-phttnt

1eath-sc6a1 ~~

1eath-dhosaon ~ LEAS- ~

'---'t" 1eas-ch1ann ~

"----t" 1eas-mh'thair ~

1eas-chara

1eas-ainm o

I..-JI) ri-bhean 0'-r1ogh-shagart ~~

leith-bhe6

leith-ial1 ~~

1eith-bhea~ ~

1eas-inghean

1eas-mhac -

leas -dhr1f1dir '----7 leas-dhr1th'1r ~

L1N-, LAN (ro1mh ari tu1seal geineamhnach) ~

lan-aosta ~% 1an gla1ce \" ~

1an-1uas ~......-.:7 l'n c1ua1se ~------1 1an dhoirn ~I- 1an s0.11e ~~

C6MH-, c6nm- ......, -y

c6mh-dh1uth L--., c6mh-1uadar ~~

c6mh-a1mslr ~

·GEARR-, GEARR~ ~

gearrcha11e

gearr-cha1mit ---:::;

c6mh-thoca1

c6inh-01bre

~ gearr-mhagadh ~

gearr-shlo11a ~~,

CEACHT A NAOI 63

GEAR-, GEm- ro gear-ehradh ~ gelr-mh1nlu.ghadh ~ gear-ser6.du.ghadh~ gelr-ehneadh ~ gear-bhlasta ~~ gelr-leanaim ~£..---gear-fhaobhraeh ~ gear-sh6.11eaeh ~

Mf-, MfoDH-

m1-nos

m1-bh6as

m!-amhras -'--(

m1-adh --~

MEADHON- --V

--v meadhon-aosta ~

meadhon-lae ~

MIAN-

mlan-du.l1 ~

mlan-tol1 ~

MION-, MIN-

mlon-alrgead

mlon-eha1nnt

mlon-ghalre

NEAMH- -0

neamh-easba

m1odh-aols

m1odh-mheadhon

m1odh-ehraos

m1odh-uaehtar

--0) meadhon-mhear of-.--

meadhon-aols ~

mlan-dlllltadh ~ mlan-ehCmha

mln-lase

mln-ghearradh

mln-bhrlsim .

neamh-bhr19b


neamhnfdh -0 -neamh-chUram ~

neamh-dhe61n ~~ neamh-shasta ~~

NIAMH- -0

n1amh-bhrat ~ n1amh-ghlan -oL n1amh-gheal ~ n1amh-dhu111each ~ n1amh-dhathamha11 L n1amh-ghlas ~

AN-, ANA-

an-bheag h ana-sp~rt -6 an-la1d1r -~ an-bhreagh -~

an-1A ---------- ana-fhada -~

AN-, AIN- cr-

c;J a 1nbhf'10s 7 ainmheas

a1n1arsma o-~ a1ne61ach c:r-~

Di-, DlO-, DITH- ~

d1-ch1all -----~ d1th-che111e ---~ d1o-a1rm -----a-- d1-thu1gse ---;r--;;

d1th-ch1rt --;C- d1ochlaonadh ~

DEAGH- ~ deagh-aigne ~ deagh-chroidhe ~ deagh-bhlas ~~ deagh-ol>a1r ~{

deagh-n6sa ~ deagh-rdn ........-0'--2--0

CEACHT A NAOI

DO- r-do-fhe1cse ~ do-thu1gse ~ ~ do-a1thn1dhe ~~

DROCH - r----droch-n6s ~ droch-mhu1nte ~ droch-oba1r ~

DAOR- /

SO-

SEAN-

daor-smacht

daor-scur ~~ daor-a1cme ~~ )

so-fhe1cse )

r-; so-161ghte )~

so-chlo1ste )

~

/

seandu1ne y" seanbhean J seandao1ne r

AN T-SEAN- .-/ an t-seanbhean ,~

do-labhartha ~

do-ranna ~

do-r1artha ~ ~

droch-a1ms1r ~ cr-6

droch-radh ~~ droch-shaoghal ~~

daor-osnadh ~~ daor-bhocht / k daor-ghalar /L--,

so-mholta )~

7/ so-shasaimh

sO-lamhach )'--}

seanfhear IQ.....-

sean-a1ms1r I ~

sean-t1gh j,-o

an t-seanfh1r ~ J an t-sean-aims1r cr--6

65


SAOR- 0

saor-tholl

saor-ghlan

saor-stat

saor-bhrold

saor-chead

saor-cheard

LUATH- ~

CL6-

luath-bh~d

luath-radh

luath-mhulr

~

'--""'" luath-lamhach ~

luath-mhear --:L-'--"') luath-bheart 6-

c16-bhualadh ~ c16-bhuallte ~~ c16dhaim ~ c16-scr1obhtha ~~

SRANG-(

srang-shull ('~

srang-lion ~

srang-scealta

srang-iarainn

CIAN- ,.-"

clan-elstean ~cpc- o1an-alstr1gh ~ c1an-alt ~ clan-fhada ~

c1an-mharthaln ~ clan-elste6ir "'-"<7<

c1an-bhreathnulghlm ~~ 91. Focal-chomhartha1

comhairle ~

cOimead

gearchn1sElach

luath-scr1obha1dhe ~

CEACHT A NAOI 67

1uath-scribh1nn ~ 1uath-acribh1nne ~

c16-scr1bh1nn ~ c16-scr1bhinne ~

c16-scr1obha1dhe ~ cuma1nn ".--..

92. Ar an gcuma gceadna 1 gcomhnu1dhe

Scr10bhtar na reamh-mhiora neamh-cheanga11te ar an gcuma gceadna 1 gcomhnu1dhe, mar is buan-chomhartha1 1ad. Da bhr1gh sin, n! ceart athrUghadh do dh6anamh ar an 11t1r thoaa1gh fin nua1r a athru1ghtear 'sa cha1nnt 1ad:

ndeagh-bheas ~ dhaor-bhocht

93. Gha gcur 1e che11e

gc16-scr1bh1nn ~

/1-Cu1rtear reamh-mh1ora 1e che11e, leis:

ana-dheagh-bheasach ~ r1gh-deagh-chumtha ~~ comb deagh-chro1dheama11 ~ 1eath comh deaa ~/

~ 1eath comh neamh-shasta ~

94. CLEACHTADH

Le 1e1gheamh:

1. ~ ~. A---

L'~~

68 LUA'l'HS ORiBHINN GREGG

r y~~

~-~.~r) 2.~ ~OL

~~, 3. r-c--o

~/ "---7"

95. CLEACHTADH

18 s criobhad9:

1. Bh1 toghadh ar s1ubhal. 'Sa toghadh ud bh1 an c1an-61st6an 1 n-Usa1d go fa1rs1ng agus b'fh61d1r gurbh'6 seo an ch6ad ua1r ra1mh a baineadh fe1dhm as an ng16as 1 gcompaschomh m6r.

2. Bhiodar go l61r ana-dhathamha1l, ana-dheaghchnmtha acht n~ ra1bh aon bhre1th ag e1nne ~ca ar an r1gh. N! ra1bh na f1r ba mh6 ortha pu1nn thar leath-tro1gh ar ao1rde. Bh! an r! leath-orlach n!os ao1rde Ina aon thear da shluagh.

3. Duine droch-mh6.1nte e: n1 bh{onnar s iubhal a1ge acht droch-cha1nnt agus masla!. Thug an ma1gh1stir analeasadh do an 18 f6 dhe1readh acht bh! se fUar a1ge bhe1th le1s.

4. Ni thu1l na dao1ne ega a leath c6mh deaghchro1dheama1l le1s na sean-dao1n1bh.

5. R! m!-thoghlumtha is asal cor6nta.

CEACHT A. DEICH

96. Iar-mh10ra

Ceanga1lte:

Bhi a l~n des no h-1ar-mh10ra so aga1nn cheana, eadhon

~ 1 gco1r -ach

~ 1 gco1r -acha

7 1 gc61r -acha1bh

""----"" 1 gco1r -amha1l

~ 1 gco1r -amhla

Na s1olla! de1r1dh br1athardha, leis, 1ar-mh!ora ceanga1lte 'seadh an chu1a is mo diobh agus ba cheart do'n mhacle1gh1nn 1ad go lair bhe1th ar bh~rr a ph1nn a1ge fe'n am so.

C1nn nuadha 1e fogh1u1m anoia :

"1.- 1 gco1r -eamhnach nO -amhnach nO -nnatfu

~ 1 gc61r -eamhnacha no -amhnacha no -anacha

~ 1 gco1r -eamhna1ghe n6 -amhna1ghe no -,malgha .

) 1 gco1r -eamhnacha1bh no -amhn8.cha1bh

n6 -anacha1bh

o1raarnhnach ~ botUna1gha ? ceathramhnach~ bra1th~amhnacha1bh 0 69

70 LUATHSCRIsHINN GREGG

o1reamhnacha

ceathramhnacha ~

lanamhnacha1bh ~

geallamhnacha ~

o1reamhna1ghe ~ ealadhna

97. Iar-mhlora neamh-eheanga11te

An conson ~ thagann d1reach ro1mh 1ar-mhlor, is annamh gur gadh a chur 1steach. Nua1r nach mb10nn ann acht an t-aon chonson amha1n, amhthach, no ma's rocalcamhartha ata 1 gce1st, ca1threar an conson so do scr10bhadh.

-OIR, -UIR, -EIR ~ bad01r (' e1ste61r q ........

~( s1opado1r t ........ bn1ste1r ~

sa1gh1d1d1r d,-- dochtu1r ~ ........

t1nnc61r ..........., ......... ceannU1ghtheoir ~"--""

- EAMHLACHT, - AMHLACHT ---------

le1sceamhlacht '---/ e'agsamhlacht ~

rearamhlacht cI~ banamhlacht

cosamhlacht ~ m1sneamhlacht

-6IREACHT, -UIREACHT, -ElREACHT, -AIREACHT

ba1nnce'1reacht ~ mo.1nteo1reacht

le1ghtheo1reacht ~ ploba1reacht

sa1gh1d1fi1reacht ~~ bad01reacht

-NEACHT, -NACHT

a1lneacht ~ __ d61dheanacht

rlr1nneacht ~ ranacht

( f:~ ~

CEACHT A DEICH

bre1fneacht danacht r--UIGHTE, -IGHTHE, -THE, -UIDHTE-IDHTE, -IDHEACH "

tosnu1ghthe

ba111ghthe

1mth 19h the

t1ghthe

tarra1ngthe

scealu1dhthe

(7"

( scr10bhaldhthe

ceannu1dhthe

dllghthe

saolthe

be athu1dheach

dao1the

-AIRT (1 nd1aldh an chrUca-ghutha) /'

tabhalrt

dubha11:'t

thabha1rt

-CHAINT, -SINT, -INT ~

buadhchaint 0 J J

feacha1nt CZ/

felcslnt ~

labhairt

ndubha1rt

bU'adhalrt

tu1gs1nt

bra1st1nt

tloma1nt

-EADH, -ADH (1 ndlaldh c1orca11) n

te1gheadh

the1gheadh

le1gheadh

-ACHAN, -EACHAN

m&1seachan

r1theadh

chr10thadh

nlgheadh

nigheachan

71

'72 LUATHSCRiBHINN GREGG

-ACHTACH, -EACHTADH .-comhachtach ,..--,.,.- cu1deachtach ~ 61feachtach 3r bleachtach Cr duthrachtach rr bu1dheachtach {

-ACHTAIN, -OCHTAIN, -ACHTANACH ~

seachtmhain / cu1deachtain ,-/--

bleachtain C~ beannachtain :I:-r1ochta1n "--"- sl1ghe-

mha1reachta1n r1achtanach ~ '-----:;:. ~~ v-

-ANTAS, -ALTAS, -ARTAS, -ORTAS fT

ta1sbeantas ~ tabhartas ~~

comhaltas ,-z.,('T com6rtas ~rr

-ACRA, -EACHA (1 nd1a1dh na,gconson suas) 0

dra1deacha c:-c.90 te1nteacha /Q

bardacha LO neadacha -00

-ACHAS, -EACHAS 9

ca1rdeachas ...---....... n~imhdeachas ~9 9 -ANACHT, -ANTACHT, -6NACHT '--

bodhranacht J,- truaghantacht ~c....:...

amadantacht ~ culantacht ~c-c:..--

Lc-olagonacht ~£-- balbh'nacht

CEACHT A DEICH 73

-AMHNACHT, -ADHANTACHT ~

o1reamhnacht

bre1thneamhnacht

-ACHTANAS, -OCHTANAS-r

r1achtanas ~

-UIDHEACHT, - IDHEACHT trl

scealu1dheacht A---r-po111t1dheacht ~~ danu1dheacht r-c-r--.

-6CHAIMtD, -E6cHADlIID G--

ceannochaimid ~

ba11e6chaimid C. 1mtheochaimid cr--~

-6CHAIMfS, -E6CHAIMIs ~

d'~1re6cha1mis ~~

cheannOcha1m!s cr-~

-ARTHAIBH, -ANNAIBH ~ gn{omhartha1b~ ~

nosanna1bh -:;J -EACHT, -ACHT ~

tmtheacht u---~

-AIL

togail f'" <::-----

ealadhantacht

botmacht

bochtanas

cleasu1dheacht ~~ breagu1dheacht C~ call1dheacht ~~

61reOcha1m1d tJ--c---

tosn6chaimid rt.::---

osclocha1mid :;-. c:-----

d'1mtheochaimis ~~

thosnochaimis

cleasanna1bh

p41rceanna1bh

'74 LUATHSCRIBHINN GREGG

gabha11 ~<-----'" ca1drea11 ~~

S~bhQ11?~ spara11 ~ -DUGHADH, -DrUGHADH (1 nd1a1dh "r") a

cuardUghadh ~ ardO,ghadh ~Ct

ord~adh /~ d'ordughadh ~ 98. Na h-1armh!ora dha n-athrughadh

, Is fa1d1r athrughadh do dheanamh ar na h-1armh10ra1bh seo ar an moill1 so:

-61ri, -n1r1, -a1r!

-dra, -ura, -eara

-eamhlachta, -amhlachta

~61reachta, -~lreachta, -alreachta

-neachta, -nachta

-chalnte, -s1nte, -1nte

-achtacha

-alta1s, -6rtals

-alta1s{, -6rta1s1

-acha1bh

'"0 -antachta, -6nachta

07) -u1dheachta

~ -amhnachta

tr7 -achtanais

~-Ala

CEACHT A DEICH

tr7 -achtanas

.....-.:r- -ach~1n

99. CLEACHTADH

La 1~1ghaamh:

1. F~ ,--..,~ --y

--~-----,.O~n-v~

/) ~ ci ~ ~ <---<b '-"9<-) ~ <--0 r 02--1

:;-/~~ ""D)r~-C-...J

~ J- r- r C; J ,---.., I ~./ 0-..,., ~> ~ -'i~ ~

..J- .----.- f - ci r6', ~ ~ r ~rr ~. c:r "l- - ~;::

C(~,

75


100. CLEACH'l'ADH

Le scriobhadh:

1. Bhi alan daoine ag an Taisbeantas an la fe dhe1readh - fe1rmeo1r!, s1opado1r!, 1asca1r1, doohtn1r!, d11ghthe61rl, 1nnealltho1r1, t1nnc~1r1 - dao1ne de gach aon tsaghas, dao1ne de gach rang-s11ghe, dao1ne as gach cheann des na dreannanna1bh 10lsamhla po1l1t1dheaohta.

2. N! fheadfa1nn a radh l1bh a ra1bh de sc6alu1dheacht agus de chleasu1dheacht ar s1ubhal aga1nn ag an scoru1dheach~ ar61r.

3. Tosn6cha1m!d ar an le1gheo1reaoht ar a nao1 a chlog 1mb'rach, agus 1mtheocha1m!d abha1le nua1r a bhe1dh an scrdd~ghadh criochnu1ghthe againn. Ba1leocha1mld an t-a1rgead 1 gc61r na gCom6rta1s1 um mheadhon lae athrughadh 1 mbarach.

4. Dubha1rt bean 110m go ndubha1rt bean 161 go mbe1dh td ag teacht go Ba1le-atha-C11ath an tseachtmha1n seo chugha1nn. N~ dearmha1d cua1rt a th~bha1rt ora1nn nua1r a bhe1dh to. 'sa chatha1r.

5. N! fhu1l d11ghe ag r1achtanas.

/ CEACHT A H-AON-DEAG

101. Uimhreacha agus ainmneacha

Nuair a thagann na focai1 "paint," "sci11inge," "c~ad," "m!le," 7rl. 1 ndia1dh uimhreacha, b!onn comharthai f6 1eith Ina gcoir, mar seo 1eanas:

{ 1 gcoir paint

I 1 gc61r sci111nge

,....-, 1 gc6ir c6ad

1 gco1r m!le

----:> 1 gc61r mi11iUn

~ 1 gc61r f~'Il:gcead

~ 1 gc61r feln gcead 1 n-aghaidh ( na b1iadhna

Scr!obhtar na comhartha! seo go 161r fa-n utmh1r Ie n-a mbaineann siad, acht amhain an comhartha 1 gco1r "mi11Jt!n," eadhon ----::;,. Scr:!obhtar 1e h-ais na h-uimhre 6 seo.

£5

5/

500

5,000,000

£500

£5,000

5,000 ~ £5,000,000

£5 f~'n gc~ad ~

£5 r"n gcdad 1 n-aghaldh na bl1adhna 7 N.B. BUan-chomhartha1 no comhartha! seo go

77


lair agua n1 ceart athrughadh do dhaanamh ~rtha, fio. nuair a athruightear na focail go mb10nn siad na n-ionad:

deich bpu,int lor dha phu.nt ..2.(

102. Na h-utmhreacha

Chun cainnteanna mar 35 pfiint, 48 ~capaill do scr10bhadh, 6's rud e go gclo1stear an cti.1g" agua an t- "ocht" sar a 'chloistear an chu1d e11e de'n um.hir, caithfear iad do scr10bhadh ar an gcuma so leanas:

cuig paint is tr10cha ~o

ocht gcapa111 is dachad ! ~""O

I gc61r "is fiche" agus "deag" deintear usaid des na h-1ar-mh10raibh

) agus ~ agus cuirtear leis na comhartha1bh 1 gc6ir "pn1nt lt

"sc1111nge" agus rl. 1ad

cUig pn1nt is fiche

ce1thre sc1111nge deag

cd1g cead is fiche

ce1thre mile deag

103 •. Na h-ord-uimhreacha

tr10mhadh

ceathramadh

se1mheadh

an t-aonmhadh 10 deag

an t-aonmhadh la f1chid

(3adh ) 03"

(4adh ) ~

(Sadh) ," ~

~

CEACHT A H-AON-DEAG

an t-aonmhadh la deag ar fhichid~ an ;Sadh la deag

an 4adh la fichid

an 9adh la d~ag ar fhichid

104. Focal-chomharthal

NA MIOSA

Eanar 0-; I\ll

Feabhra J~ Lughnasa

M~rta

~

~ =:

79

~{ Meadhon Foghmhair ~

Aibrean Deireadh Foghmhair ~~ c.~

Bealtaine Ml na S atnhna A ::;

Meitheamh M1 na Nodlag

105. Laetheanta na seachtmhaine

Luan dia LUain ~-

-",

Cheadaoin ~ dia M~irt ~

dia Cheadaoin' ~ Diardaoin ~ dia h-Aoine

Aoine cr--,.,. dia Sathairn

Satharn (, .,:. . dia Domhnaigh

Domhnach r-z" 106. Na saosuir

an t-Earrach ~ an Samhradh

an Foghmhar an Geimhreadh ~ -;:;..


an t-Samhra1dh ~

'san Earrach ~

107. Condaethe na h-B1reann

Aontru1m 0.../'" Ard Mhaca ~

Ba1le Atha C11ath ~ Cabhan ~

ceatharlach~ ~ C1arra1ghe ~~

C1ll Co1nn1gh ~ ____ __

C1l1 Dara

Cill Mannta1n ~--~

Cla1r

Corca1gh

Do1re

Dnn Fear Monach

Ga1ll1mh ~-----~

Iar-Mh1dhe

108. Na cU1gf

La1gh1n

Connachta

Cu1ge La1ghean ~~ .,.

'san bhFoghmhar ~

'san nGe1mhr1dh d ~ ::::

Lao1gh1s '----1,:-

L1athdru1m ~ Loch Garman ~

Longphu1rt '-2 Lughbha1dh ~:::

Lu1mn1gh ~

M1dhe --::: Mu1ghe6 ~

~

MUineachan -:::. Port1~1rge C ... Ros Co~1n '---1--.""

S11geach ~:::

T1obra1d Arann~

T1r Chona ill /~

T1r E6gha1n

uf Bht'a1lghe

Mumha

Ula1dh

Cu1ge Mumhan ,...--,., ~ :::

CEACHT A H-AON-DEAG

Cn1ge Connacht ~ C1i1ge U1adh ...--...~.,.

109. Ainmneacha e11e agus ~a1nnteanna ag ba1nt leo

Alba (.

1 n-A1bain .. (.

Breata1n ~ -I

E1re

Sasana

an Fhrainnc

na Frainnce

sa bhFrainnc

Frainnc1s

I an GheaI'lll41n O--c..-<::o

an Gearmain1s ~

na Gearmaine ~

an Bhe11g ~

na Be11ge ~ ~

an Bhu1ga1r ).. ,...

n~ Bulga1re - 7

an Fh1onn1onn t, .. --:3-...

an Loch1ann

Osta1r

Ostra11

an Phe1rs

an Phola1nn

an Phru1s

an Rths

an t-Se1rb

na Spi1nne

na Seapa1ne

na sine

an Tu1rc

E6ra1p

na h-E6rpa

A1s1a

na F10nnlainne 2 Afra1c

an F1onn-Lochlann ~ Mer1ce"

na F1onn-LOChla1nn~ .... Londnn

? .. ~

7-<::0 ~

r: b~

d 1

81


Flondras ~ Br1osto C~ Hollann ""---"",,,, Dubhghlas ~

an Ioda1l ~ DOn De ~

an Ioslann ~ .. Glasch6. ~

DOn Laogha1re r<---A Gaedheal ~~

Baal Fe1rste ~ na nGaedheal~ ...

an L1fe

~ Baarla ~~

an t-Slona Gaedhealach ~.,.

na S10nann h..-".: Albanach ~

Loch n-Eachach ~ Breathanach ~ ~ Sasanach L Sasanacha

110. CLEACHTADH

/ {- 4-

2. J ----A -

3.~.

CEACHT A H-AON-DEAG 83

...--~ ? r- /" J.--, C/ ~..--. ) C/ J; ~

---(' -----v --v (,I 0- { -v ----'\.....v L--"

d/

4.~~~r~, r~ ~~, ~ ~)",~

5.'- ~ oL~ ~ r V ~o

/~- /"i..- ) r ~ r '-' 560

'/ - ,...-"l.- •

~ ~ ~, ,

6. .... "l..-/ c...- 5" ""'----"" ~-?

~ 5~ /- ~ ~~ ~ ~

j, 111. CLEACHTADH

La scr!obhadh:

1. Ch{m!d go mb{onn trosc~n t1ghe 'gh~ nd!ol agat agus 1s m1an linn ~r n-aarra! do chur 1 n-1ui1 du1t.

84 LUATHSCRfsHINN GREGG

D8anadh 1 n~£1rlnn lad go lalr; rud elle de, gaeh 01brlghthe61r agalnn, Elreannaeh 'seadh e. Gach ball trosc6tn d'a bhfull ag~1nn, pioaa deagb-chnmtha buanlaldlr 'seadh 6 agus n1 fbeadfa a lelthald d'fhagnall ar an alrgead 0 aon deantolr elle 'sa t!r seo. Toghadh-Mbargadh .gach ulle cheann d!obh agus ta1m!d detmhnlghtheach go n-admhochtha nach bhfull a sharughadh le fagh~ll 1 n-ao'bhall.

2. Da mb'all leat an clar ata annso alstlgh d'infhlnchadh, n! fhull amhras na go dtulgflr a lulghead agus ta na luachanna ar na h-earraibh seo againn.

3. Troscan prolnntlghe: cathaolreacha beaga ar delch scll11nge, cathaolreacha-ullleann 6 trlocha scll1ing KO delch-bpnlnt, bulrd dalre 0 tri paint go h-ocht bpulnt, falla-bhulrd 0 cnlg pnlnt go flche pUnt.

4. Troscan se&mra codlata: leapthacha 0 dha phdnt go delch bpU1nt, mhlseachaln 0 ghinl go h-ocht bpn1nt, nigheachaln 0 cdlg scl111nge go sd pUint.

5. pe rud elle a theastochaldh ualt, feadfaldh tn 6 d'almslughadh 'sa chlar.

6. Beldh rallte rotmh d'6rdughadh.

CEACHT A DO-DHEAG

112. A1diachta sea1bhacha 1 gca1nnteanna dobhr1athardha

I NDlAlDH An SON

1m I dha1dh --=>

id'dhiaidh

'na dhiaidh

Ina diaidh ''-'/

'nar nd1a1dh

'na nd1aidh -r:::r-

ar mo shon ~

ar do shon

ar a shon

ar a son

ar bhfu. son ~

6s C6MIIAIR ~ I Gc6lR ~

os mo chomha1r ~

os do ch6mhair y-V OS a chOmhair cJ-z; ds a cOmhair cl-v ds ar gcomha1r ~

os bhnr gcOmha1r ~

os a gc6mha1r r--v

1m' choir ".-----;,

id'choir /' 'na ch6ir ~ 'na cOir ~

'nar gc6ir ~

i nbhnr gc6ir ~

'na gcdir

6s ClONN ~ I N-AGHAlDH

os mo chionn ~

Os do ch10nn y-ri' 85

1m'agnaidh ~

idlagnaidh ~


6s a chionn ~~

6s a cionn err 6s ar gcionn ~

os bhnr gcionn ~

os a gcionn ~

'na agha1dh ~

'na h-aghaidh ~

'nar n-aghaidh ~

i nbhnr n-agha1dh ~

'na n-aghaidh

ARLORG ~ LE H-AIS

ar mo lorg 1em' ais

ar do iorg ~ 1ed'ais

ar a lorg ~ 1e n-a ais ~

ar ar lorg ~ 1e n-a h-ais ~ ar bhdr lorg ~ 1e n-~r n-ais ~

1e n-bhfu. n-ais ~

1e n-a n-a1s ~

113. A1deachta sea1bhacha 1 gcainnteanna spes1a1tha

mo dh!chea11 --z; 1d' /' do dh1chea11 ~ 'na --0

a dh1chea11 ~ 'nar ---c.-

a d!chea1l --t 1 nbhUr ~

ar nd!chea11 c:.....", Om'

bhur ndichea11 ~ Od' V-

a nd:(chea11 c::r- o n-a c:...-o ar ngno ~ o n-bhUr ~

114.

CEACHT A D6-DHEAG

bhnr ngno ~ 6 n-'r ~

a ngno D-t,.. bhnr ngn6tha ~

ar ngn6tha v--,;, a ngnotha O"-V

am' 0-- dom' ~

ad' 0- dod' ~ 'gh' LV da r 'gh'r d'r ~

ag bhfu. ~ dem' ~ do bhdr ~ dedI ~ 1m' er- de n-a ~

de n-bhfu. ~ de n-ar ~

Fein

m~ rein ~ s1ad r~1n ~ tu rein? e r«hn ;;

s1 rein

J ! rein )

j ) 1.d rdin OJ s1bh rein / thn rein

sinn rein ~ mo scea1 r~1n ~

N.B. Neamh-cheanga11tear an comhartha so nua1r a thagann an roca1 "rein" 1 nd1a1dh roca11 gur crnca an 11t1r dhe1r1dh do:

mo ch1d r61n ~

mo ghnO r61n

dod' gbn& rOin 4 ~

87

88 LUATHSCRiBHINN GREGG

115. Ainmneacha bAistidh

Ailbhe

~d'-;, Diarmuid ~

Aine Domnall ~

Amhlaoibh tfL--;. Donnchadh ~

Aodh q Eamonn 0

Aodhagan ~ Eanna 0-0,.

Aoife ) ~ Eibhlin (J----"~

Aonghus cr-~ :Eibhlis ~

Art c.-{ Eithne ~<#

Blathnaid ~ Eoghan G.-...

Brian ~ EOin ~

~ Brighid' ,;..

Failbhe ~ C~it ~ Feargus oL~ CAitlin ~ Fionan L~ Caoimhbhin J Fionnghuala 4~ Cathal c::~ Flann L--" Colm ~ .. Gearoid ~~

Conall ~ Gobnait ~ .. ConAn ~ Gormfhlaith ~

<#'

Conchobhar ~ ... Gr'inne ~ ...

Conn ,.....--,...-... Ide ~

Cr1st1n ~ Liam ~ .. D~ith:! ~ Lil ~

OEAOHT A n6-DHEAG 89

Lochlainn ~~ Plidraig ~

Lorcan ~- Parthollin G~ Lughaidh ~ ... Paadar cr--Maighread ~ Paig h_ Mliire --c..-P.", Piaras ~-)b{irsi1e --c-t*

Proinns6as c,_ Maol Mhuire ~ RagluialI ~$

Mao1 Sheach1ainn~ Riobard r. Meadhbh L Rlsteard ~

M!cheif1 --". Rois "--%,

Muircheartach ---I?- Rois!.n ~'" ~

Muir!s ~ Ronan ~~

Neans ---r Rwiidhr! ~ ~

Neasa -e Raidhr1 ~~

Neaslin -e Sadhbh ~ ~

Niall ~.". S6amus d---r_ Nicoll ~.". Sean b->& Nioc1as ~ Seasca i ..,.

N6in!n --c...- SeatAr~ 6 ~ ...

N6ra -c..-"". Se6irse ~ Nuala ---<--..0", Seosamh £ 0ia!n L

~ SeOsa1mh1n t..

~

Oscar ~-:::;. Sib6al !.

90

116.

LUATHSCRisHINN GREGG

S11e L-~ . S1n6ad

S10bhan ~ Tomas

Soroha ~-' Treasa

Tadhg ~ U1tan

To1rdhealbhaoh ~ ... Una

Slo1nnte

6 Br1a1n ~. u! Bh:r1a1n

Mao Br1a1n -~ Nl Bhr1a1n ;t. 6 h-Aodha '-'0

N1 Aodha _0

Mao Aodha -0

Nl0 Aodha -0

Mao an Bha1rd -~

Mao an t-Sao1:r ::,;

Mag U1dh1r

N1g U1dh1r

Mao G1011a Phadra1g -V-Mu1ntear E111dhe --_/~

J..-",

~

~ ~

~ ...

C1ann Amh1ao1bh ~ tf'---"

CEACHT A D6-DHEAG

117. Cainnteanna

agus a chu1deachta ~ (neamh-cheanga11te)

Sean 6 Donnchadha agus a Chu1deachta ~ ~

Sra1d u! Chona111 (..., .,....-. ...

Conndae Bha11e Atha C11ath -:0 .. Cearnog Pharne:!l

Fa1thche an Cho1a1ste

Teach an Chustu1m

Teach na Da1a

Teach na SeOd Seanda

Saorstat ~1reann

Cnoc na Teamhrach

Rath 6 Ma1ne

C1uain Tarbh ~,...

an t-01rthear ~

~~ 2 -~ ~ ,.-,~ ~~ ,....o~ ~

d~ Cl-~

an t-{arthar

an tuaisceart

an de1sceart

118. CLEACHTADH

La 161gheamh:

L~ G, I {-~

91

92 LUATHSCRiBHINN GREGG

-----;? . y ) r C!' r 5 L) ~ · 'J .Ir ~ ~ ( '?---,

~&d~':~~ f- ~ (; ___ ) /- ~ .-f';;L..' (7_ f'L ~':JCd 0-' ~~, ~ J ~ -;I ~ ~ ~ ~~-t /, ~ J r---- ----) cr

cP~~~~~

(; { . L ( '--" ~, ) ~ ~,..-. '-1' '"L--- --V '-"

~ C--P' L--, . /, ~ ~ q, "" -

CEACHT A D6-DHEAG 93

119. CLEACHTADH

La s criobhadh:

1. De1rtear gurb'! Sra1d ui Chona1ll an t-sra1d 1s le1thne 'san E6ra1p.

2. He bi 1d'sheasamh 6s mo ch6mha1r amach mar sin. N! fhu1l a bhac ort su1dhe.

3. Thabarfainn m' anam ar do shone Taim de1mhn1ghtheach go dtabharfa d'anam ar mo shon, a Bhr1ain, acht go de1mh1n fe1n, b'fhearr 110m-sa go n-e1re6chtha as an mbaoth-cha1nnt sin agus go n-deanfa do dh1cheall ar an oba1r ata le deanamh agate

4. Chua1dh Ca1t amach as an seomra agus bhua1l Neans amach 'na d1a1dh. "Bead-sa thar n-ais 1 gc10nn n6im1d, a chr01dhe," arsa Ca1t. "Fan annso 1m'dh1a1dh".

5. "Hi bhfua1r Sean p10c. Ba cheart du1t an bosca s1n do choimeed'na cho1r". "Tabha1r a1re dod' ghnO fein, a mh1c, Tabharthus domh-sa an bosca s10c161de seo. Fuatr Sean bosca anura1dh agus n!or ch01mead se 01read le leathcheann domb-sa."

6. An sceql mor a bheadh le h-inns1nt ag A01fe nuair a th10cfa1dh s1 a bha1le! Bheaqh Br1gh1d ~gus Pe1g agus N6ra ag e1steacht le1. Bheadq Eamonn mac Be1ll, an sean-ph!oba1re agus a bhean S!le n-a su1dhe c01s na te1neadh agus b' f61d1r go mbeadh EOghan agus Flann ann le1s. Go bhfo1r1dh D1a ar an ngearrcha1le mbocht! Bht sf ag dul as a cr01ceann le neart g11onnda1r.

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An t' · 1 n-Amer1oel , aaul il lo-lubtha ~1dh an modh 6. An 01reamhaint leo do'n Ghaedh11g - gurab lad brfgh ague m1sneach na Comhluohta Gregg at' d' our amach - tU1gtear dam gurab