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1 http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/138788. 26. 2010. . . - (Ben-Tor) . (Zuckerman). -

, LIX, 1/2011

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I , -, ,2 , , 1792 1750. . .,3 . , ,4 - .5 , . , - , .6

. (Wayne Horowitz) .

2 39. , . Gwendolyn Leick, The Babylonians, London New York 2003, 36.

3 Rymond Westbrook, The Nature and Origins of the Twelve Tables, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung fur Rechtsgeschichte 118/1988, 8485. 1680. . , , . Raymond Westbrook, Old Babylonian Period, A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law, I (ed. R. Westbrook), Leiden 2003, 361. . Marc Van de Mieroop, King Hammurabi of Babylon, Malden Oxford Carlton 2005; Levin Judith, Hammu-rabi, New York 2009.

4 a charter of Babylonian kingship (G. Leick,36).

5 , , 1/1957, 1833; , Le Code de Hammurabi et les droits antrieurs, Revue internationale des droits del antiquit 8/1961, 1127. (Paul Koschaker, Rechtsvergleichhende Studien zur Gesetzgebung Hammurapis, Knigs von Babylon, Leipzig 1917, 1) , . , , , , , - - ( -, ), (1415). -, . , , ( . ), 2000, 47; , , : , 2/2007, 5.

6 Gwendolyn Leick, A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology, New York 1998, 36; Leo A. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago London 1977, 158.

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, . , 4000 . ., -, 639. . . VI V . . I , I, V . .

9 The Iraq War and Archeology (IWA) (http://iwa.univie.ac.at/site.html), - (http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wolf0126/rebuild.html) - (http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/IRAQ/iraq.html).

10 , . Elizabeth C. Stone, Paterns of Looting in Southern Iraq, Antiquity 82/2008, 125138.

11 . UNESCO 2009. (Final report on Damage Assesment in Babylon, unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183134e.pdf), (An Assesment of Archeological Sites in June 2008: An Iraqi-British Project, www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Iraq%20Report_with%20images.pdf), , , ().

, LIX, 1/2011

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1902. (Scheil).12 13 .14 , , . , , - , , , .15 - , . , , , - , (, , ), - . - . , , , 16 ,

12 Vincent Scheil, La loi de Hammurabi, Paris 1902. 13 1903. (Stanley

. Cook, The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi, London 1903), - (Robert Fransis Harper, The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon, Chicago 1904).

14 Josef Kohler, Felix Ernst Peiser, Hammurabis Gesetz, Leipzig 19041910; Hugo Winkler, Die Gesetze Hammurabis Knigs von Babylon, um. 2250 v. Chr. Vierte verbesserte Auflage, Leipzig 1906.

15 , (room 5, inv # Ni 2358).

16 -, , . Anton Deimel, Codex Hammurabi, textus primigenius, Rome 1930; Jorgen Laesse, On the Fragments of the Hammurabi Code, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 4/1950, 173187; Andr Finet, Le Code de Hammurapi, Paris 1973; Riekele Borger, Babylonisch-Assyrische Lesestcke, I-II, Analecta Orientalia 54, Rome 1979; Claudio Saporetti, Le leggi della Mesopotamia, Studi e manuali di archeologia 2, Firenza 1984; Veysel Donbaz, Herbert Sauren, Ni 2553 + 2565. A Missing Link of

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- , , .17

1925. . (Winkler) , , , , .18 , 1985. , , (Meek) , .19 , - (Driver and Miles), .20 , - , , .21 [ : L. W. King (), The Code od Hammurabi]. - , of od ( Code ), . , . - , L. W. King - . 1915. (Charles F. Horne) XI Encyclopaedia Britannica. -

the Hammurabi Law-Code, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 1991, 528. , H.-Dieter Viel, The Complete code of Hammurabi, I-II, Munich 2005, , . Magnus Widell, Review of The Com-plete code of Hammurabi, http://elanguage.net/blogs/booknotices/?p=15 .

17 Martha . Roth (ed.), Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, Atlanta 19972.

18 , (- ), 1968 ( 1977. - ).

19 , , 1985, 121144; Theophile . Meek, The Code of Hammurabi, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Princeton 1969, 16380.

20 , , I, - 2005, 10111; Godfrey R. Driver, John . Miles, The Babylonian Laws, II, Oxford 1955.

21 ( . ), 2005.

, LIX, 1/2011

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, / , ,22 , , , , . , , 2007. , , - (Biblio Bazaar). , , - , -. .23 , , , , , : . , , , -, , .24 - -, ( , , , . . .), , , - , - , , -, . - , , , .

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22 , , , , - , . http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/hammenu.asp, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library, The Avalon Project Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy.

23 , , , , , .

24 , , 1/1957.

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25 , , , , . . - , . -. G. Leick, passim; Jeremy Black, Antony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia, Austin 2003; Samuel Henry Hooke, Middle Eastern Mythology, Dover 2004.

26 , Anunnaki, Anunna , . : . , , .

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, LIX, 1/2011

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, LIX, 1/2011

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88 - umma (awilum...) (...). - . , , 2/1969, 137153; mile Szlechter, Les anciennes codifications en Msopotamie, Revue internationale des droits de lantiquit 4/1957, 7392; Herbert Petschow, Zur Systematik und Gesetzestehnick im Codex Hammurabi, Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie 57/1965, 146172.

89 , (umma awilum -...). (. , -), . .

90 Georges Boyer, La preuve dans les anciens Droits du Proche Orient, Recueil de la Socit Jean Bodin, t. XVI: La preuve, les parties, Antiquit, Bruxelles 1960, 6187.

91 . , XII . . , , , . . mile Szlechter, La procdure accusatoire en droit sumro-babylonien, Revue internationale des droits de lantiquit 16/1969, 73102; Russ VerSteeg, Early Mesopotamian Law, Durham 2000, 5165; R. Westbrook, (2003), 366376. , , (1. , 2. , 3. , , , 4. , 5. ). , , (VerSteeg): 1. Procedure (15); 2. Property (625); 3. Military (2641); 4. Land & Agriculture (4265); 5. Miscellaneous Gap Provisions (29 sections, gap acc); 6. Principal & Agent (100112); 7. Debts & Bailment (113126); 8. Family Law (127

, LIX, 1/2011

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(V 33 56) (. 2) , , ,92 - ; , ; , : .(V 57 67) (. 3) - , , .(V 68 VI 5) (. 4) () ( ) , .(VI 6 30) (. 5) ( ) , , () , , , - ; , - .(VI 31 40) (. 6) 93 , , .94

(VI 41 56) (. 7) 95 , , , , , , ,

195); 9. Personal Injury (196214); 10. Professional Wages and Liability (215 277); 11. Sale of Sleves (278282), R. VerSteeg, 33.

92 - . . - . , , , , . , . , , , , , , , . . Frank Charles Fensham, rdeal by battle in the ancient Near East and the Old Testament, Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra, VI, Milano 1971, 127.

93 . . 94 , 6 126 ,

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(Roth), , to purchase, to buy. , -, , : (, , ), ( , , ), . , , . , , -. - , . , - , - , - .

96 , Georges Boyer, Nature et la formation de la vente dans lancien droit babylonien, Revue internationale des droits de lantiquit, II/1953, 4585; , Les articles 7 t 12 du Code de Hammurabi, langes Georges Boyer, II, Paris 1965, 1529.

97 . . 98 , ,

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, LIX, 1/2011

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102 , , , , . . - Gerhard Thr, Beweisfhrung vor den Schwurgerichtshfen Athens, Die Proklesis zur Basanos, Wien 1977, a Sima Avramovi, Tortura nad robovima--svedocima i sudski postupak u drevnoj Atini, Istrane radnje i pomona sredstva u sudskim postupcima kroz povijest (ur. M. Garda), Osijek 2010, 113. , , . - . , , , .

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, LIX, 1/2011

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(XII 39 48) (. 40) (), ,114 , 115 , , ; , .(XII 49 62) (. 41) , () ( ), () , , () .(XII 63 XIII 5) (. 42) , , - , .116

113 ( ), , (. 39), () , , (.3538).

114 , , () . , (ys, ssante, Henshaw, Stucky) ( - ), , , . (. -, . 110), , , . Rivkah Harris, The Naditu laws of the Code of Hammurapi in praxis, rientalia 30/1961, 164169; , The organization and administration of the cloister in ancient Babylonia, ournal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 6, 2/1963, 121 157; Ulla ys, The Naditu Women of Sippar, Images of Women in Antiquity (eds. . Cameron, . Kuhrt), London 1993, 260273; Richard A. Henshaw, Female & Male, the Cultic Personnel: The Bible and the Rest of the Ancient Near East, Pickwick 1994; Julia Assante, The kar.kid/[kh]aramtu, Prostitute or Single Woman? A Reconsideration of the Evidence, Ugarit-Forchungen 30/1998, 596; Hennie J. Marsman, Women in Ugarit and Israel: Their So-cial and Religious Position in the Context of the Ancient Near East, Leiden 2003; Johanna H. Stuckey, Ancient Mother Goddesses and Fertility Cults, ournal of the Association for Research on Mothering, 7, 1/2005, 3244; , Sacred Prostitutes, MatriFocus 5, 1/2005, http://www.matrifocus.com./SAM05/spotlight.htm; Joan Goodnick Westenholz, Tamar, Qadesa, Qadistu, and Sacred Prostitution in Mesopotamia, The Harvard Theo-logical Review, 82, 3/1989, 245265.

115 .

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, . , , . , , . . 43, 44, 53 251. - , . Pierre S. J. Maon, Notes sur la responsabilit dans le Code Hammurabi, Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra, VI, Milano, 1971, 491527.

117 = qu, , , 60 . 3000 50 ( 60 ), 10 ( 300 ) .

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, LIX, 1/2011

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121 6 6,5 h . 122 18 6,5 h . 123 Guillaume Cardascia, L concept babylonien de

la proprit, Revue internationale des droits de lantiquit 6/1959, 1932.

, LIX, 1/2011

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126 ( ) 33%, ( ) 20 %. . W. F. Leemans., The Rate of Interest in Old-Babylonian Times, Revue internatonale des droits de lantiquit 5/1950, 734.

, LIX, 1/2011

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(. 133159)

159

Dr. Vojislav Stanimirovi

Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Belgrade Faculty of Law

A NEW INSIGHT ON THE CODE OF HAMMURABI (I)

Summary

This paper offers the first complete translation of the Code of Ham-murabi into Serbian, including about thirty reconstructed damaged norms of the original stella text (6699), mainly following Martha Roths edition. It also contains the authors comprehensive comments to the provisions of the Code, and his reflections on the most important inovations introduced by this Babylonian legal scripture. The author tries to perceive and ana-lyze the complex nature of the Code from a new angle. The author calls attention to the unique blending of customs and law in the Code, as two substantially different sources of law. He stresses out the specific nature of the Code, which lies somewhere between the code in the full mean-ing of the word and a collection of judgements, as well as the substantial changes that were brought by the Code in the field of social policy of the time. All of this may clearly show how much the contemporary legal culture owes to the Summerian-Acadian legal tradition, represented by this Code at its best and to the fullest extent possible.

Key words: Code of Hammurabi (Serbian translation). Sources of law. Law and Custom. Babylon. Summerian-Acadian legal tradition.

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