ti: p dng thut ton t mu th, xy dng chng trnh xp lch thi

THNG TIN CHUNG V TI

1. Tn ti: p dng thut ton t mu th, xy dng chng trnh xp lch thi trong h tn ch

2. Nhm sinh vin thc hinSTTH TnLp, KhoaVai tr

1Nguyn on Quang ThiCTK33, Khoa CNTTCh nhim ti

2Mai Ngc NamCTK33, Khoa CNTTCng tc vin

3. Ging vin hng dn: K s. Thi Duy Qu

Khoa CNTT Trng H Lt

4. Thi gian thc hin: 10 thng ( t thng 11/2011 thng 09/2012 )

5. n v ch tr ti:Khoa Cng ngh thng tin, Trng i Hc Lt

LI CM N

Trc tin, nhm nghin cu chng ti xin c gi li cm n v lng bit n su sc nht ti thy Thi Duy Qu, ngi tn tnh ch bo v hng dn chng ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin vic nghin cu ti ny.

Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy, c gio trong khoa Cng ngh thng tin, trng i hc Lt h tr chng ti rt nhiu v kin thc chuyn mn hon thnh tt ti nghin cu khoa hc ny.

Chng ti cng xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ch, bn b v cc em sinh vin trong khoa Cng ngh thng tin ng h, gip chng ti trong qu trnh nghin cu.

Cui cng, chng ti xin gi li bit n v hn ti gia nh v bn b, nhng ngi thn yu lun bn cnh v ng vin chng ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti ny.

Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n.

Lt, thng 8 nm 2012Nhm nghin cu

M UL thuyt th l mt lnh vc c t lu v c nhiu ng dng hin i. Nhng t tng c bn ca l thuyt th c xut vo nhng nm u ca th k 18 bi nh ton hc li lc ngi Thy S Lenhard Eurler. Chnh ng l ngi s dng th gii bi ton ni ting v cc ci cu thnh ph Konigsberg.

th c s dng gii cc bi ton trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Chng hn, th c th s dng xc nh cc mch vng trong vn gii tch mch in. Chng ta c th phn bit cc hp cht ha hc hu c khc nhau vi cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cu trc phn t nh th. Chng ta c th xc nh hai my tnh trong mng c th trao i thng tin c vi nhau hay khng nh m hnh th ca mng my tnh. th c trng s trn cc cnh c th s dng gii cc bi ton nh: Tm ng i ngn nht gia hai thnh ph trong mng giao thng. Chng ta cng cn s dng th gii cc bi ton v lp lch, thi kha biu, v phn b tn s cho cc trm pht thanh v truyn hnh.

Trong ti ny chng ti trc ht trnh by thut ton t mu th, sau p dng thut ton xy dng chng trnh xp lch thi hc k vi cc mn hc l cc nh v thi gian thi l cc mu. D liu chng ti p dng l lch thi khoa Cng ngh Thng tin trong hc k gn nht.DANH MC CC HNH, BNG

7Hnh 1. th v hng

8Hnh 2. th c hng

8Hnh 3. th n

8Hnh 4. a th

9Hnh 5. th hn hp

10Hnh 6. 2 th n G v H

10Hnh 7. th G v H c t mu

11Hnh 8. T mu th v hng

15Hnh 9. th biu din cc mn thi

16Hnh 10. th cc mn thi c ln lch

16Hnh 11. Mu qun l bc hc

17Hnh 12. Mu qun l phng thc hnh

17Hnh 13. Mu qun l gi thi

18Hnh 14. Mu chn nhm cho cc mn thi

19Hnh 15. Mu chn phng thc hnh

19Hnh 16. Mu xp lch thi

20Hnh 17. Mu ng k ti khon

20Hnh 18. Mu ng nhp h thng

20Hnh 19. Mu i mt khu

12Bng 1. Bng danh sch cc mn thi

MC LC 1THNG TIN CHUNG V TI..

2LI CM N.

3M U....

4DANH MC CC HNH, BNG.

4MC LC..

6I.Tng quan v tnh hnh nghin cu ti.......

6II.S cn thit ca ti...

6III.Mc tiu ca ti....

7IV. ngha khoa hc, tnh thc tin v kh nng ng dng..

7V.Ni dung nghin cu.

71. th v thut ton t mu th

7a) th

9b)Thut ton t mu th

11Thut ton:

122.Nghip v xp lch thi ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin.

123.Mi lin quan gia t mu th v xp lch thi.

134.Xy dng thut ton xp lch thi da trn thut ton t mu th.

165.xy dng chng trnh xp lch thi

165.1.Cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh:

16a)Chc nng qun l bc hc

17b)Chc nng qun l phng thc hnh

17c)Chc nng qun l thi gian

18d)Chc nng chn nhm

19e)Chc nng chn phng

19f)Chc nng xp lch

205.2.Cc chc nng ph ca chng trnh

20a)Chc nng to ti khon, ng nhp

20b)Chc nng i mt khu

21c)Chc nng lu kt qu ra file excel

21d)Chc nng in n

21e)Chc nng hng dn s dng

21VI.Kt lun v hng pht trin...

I. Tng quan v tnh hnh nghin cu ti.Theo s thng k ca B gio dc v o to, tnh n ngy 31-5-2012, c nc c tng s 204 trng i hc (trong c 149 trng cng lp, 55 trng ngoi cng lp) v 215 trng cao ng (trong c 187 trng cng lp, 28 trng ngoi cng lp). Vi s pht trin rt nhanh s lng trng i hc, cao ng v s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin nh hin nay, cng tc xp lch thi trong cc trng hin v ang c tin hc ha thay cho phng php th cng nh trc y.Bi ton xp lch c mt lch s pht trin di, tri qua nhiu s thay i ln. K t nhng th h u tinca my tnh, ngi ta ngh n vic s dng my tnh tr gip ngi xp lch. Ban u ch l nhngcng c tr gip cho vic phn cng nhng cng vic iu hnh phi hp. Sau ny mi thc s c pht trinthnh nhng cng c xp lch c th.

II. S cn thit ca ti.Vi s pht trin ca nn gio dc nh hin nay c bit l gio dc cao ng, i hc, cng tc xp lch thi dn tr nn kh khn, tn thi gian v km hiu qu. Bi ton xp lch thi sao cho khng c mt sinh vin no thi nhiu hn mt mn trong cng mt thi im l mt bi ton m rt nhiu trng i hc, cao ng cha gii quyt mt cch ti nht.Vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin, gip con ngi gii quyt rt nhiu bi ton, cng vic kh khn. Vic p dng khoa hc k thut t ng ha vic xp lch thi l ht sc cn thit.

ti ny nhm chng em p dng thut ton t mu th xy dng mt chng trnh xp lch thi cho cc khoa thuc trng i hc Lt.

III. Mc tiu ca ti.Nhm tm hiu v thut ton t mu th. Tm hiu v nghip v xp lch thi ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin, trng i hc Lt, tm hiu mi lin quan gia t mu th v xp lch thi trong h tn ch, t xy dng mt thut ton xp lch thi cho cc khoa trong trng i hc Lt.Nhm xy dng mt chng trnh hon chnh ph v cho vic xp lch thi t ng cho cc khoa vi mu d liu ca trng i hc Lt, tin hnh kim th chng trnh vi mu d liu ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin.

Nhm xut mt thut ton xp lch thi ci tin t thut ton t mu ti u vic xp lch thi, trnh lng ph ti nguyn phng my, v ri u thi gian thi cho cc lp.IV. ngha khoa hc, tnh thc tin v kh nng ng dng.S pht trin nhanh chng ca gio dc song song vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin ni chung v i vi trng i hc Lt ni ring, ti nguyn cu ca nhm gip phn tin hc ha cng tc o to c th l cng tc xp lch thi ca cc khoa. ti c nhm xy dng hon thin v p dng c trn d liu ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin, ti rt thch hp vi thc tin s dng ca trng i hc Lt, v cc khoa hin nay cn xp lch thi th cng, gio v xp bng tay trn file d liu excel.Nhm nghin cu chng em cng ang tin hnh hon thin hn chng trnh nhm tr gip cho cng tc xp lch ca cc khoa ngy cng nhanh chng v hiu qu hn.

V. Ni dung nghin cu.

1. th v thut ton t mu tha) th th c nhiu loi: th v hng, th c hng, th n, a th v th hn hp. th v hng l tp khng th t cc nh v cch ni gia hai cnh ca th: G=(V,E), trong V l tp hu hn cc cnh ca th, E l tp hu hn cc cp khng th t cha cc nh phn bit, c gi lcnh. Hai nh thuc mt cnh c gi l ccnhu cui ca cnh .

Hnh 1. th v hng th c hng l mt tp c th t cc nh v cnh c hng ni hai cnh ca th: G=(V,A). trong V l tp hu hn cc nh, A l tp cc cp c th t cha cc nh, c gi l cccnh c hnghoccung. Mt cnhe= (x,y) c coi l c hngtxtiy;xc gi lim u/gcvyc gi lim cui/ngnca cnh.

Hnh 2. th c hng th nl th m khng c khuyn v khng c cnh song song.

Hnh 3. th na thl th m khng tha th n.

Hnh 4. a th th hn hpGl mt b ba c th tG:= (V,E,A) viV,EvAc nh ngha nh trn.

Hnh 5. th hn hpb) Thut ton t mu th

Cc khi nim c bn:

nh ngha 1:Php t mu ca mt th n l mt quy tc t mi nh th mt mu c th sao cho khng c 2 nh k nhau no c t cng mu. th c th t mu bng cc mu khc nhau cho mi nh. Tuy nhin, trongphn ln cc th, ta c th t bng s mu t hn s nh. Vy s mu ti thiu cn s dng l bao nhiu?nh ngha 2: S muca mt thG ( k hiu (G)) l s mu ti thiu cn s dng t mu th ny. Ch rng s mu ca 1 th phng chnh l s mu ti thiu cn s dng t mu cc min bn phng sao cho khng c 2 min no k nhau v c t cng mu. Bi ton ny c nghin cu hn 100 nm, dn n mt trong cc nh l ni ting nht ca ton hc.nh l 4 mu:S mu ca 1 th phng khng ln hn 4. Gi thuyt 4 mu c ra t nhng nm 1850. N cui cng c chng minh bi 2 nh ton hc M l Kenneth Appel v WolfgangHaken nm 1976. Trc , nhiu ngi ra cc cch chng minh khc nhau ca bi ton, nhng tt c u sai v thng mc phi nhng li kh pht hin. Bn cnh l nhng c gngv ch trong vic ph nh gi thuyt bng cch ch ra nhng bn i hi nhiu hn 4 mu nh l 4 mu ch ng dng trn th phng. th khng phng c th c s mu ln hn 4

Hnh 6. 2 th n G v HLi gii: S mu ca th G ti thiu l 3 do 3 nh a, b, c phi i mt khc mu nhau. Gi s G c th t bng 3 mu. Gi s ta t a mu , b mu xanh v c mu vng. Tip theo, d phi t mu v n k cc nh b , c;e phi t mu vng v n ch kcc nh mu mu v xanh; f phi t mu xanh v n ch k cc nh mu vvng. Cui cnggphi t mu v n ch k cc nh mu vng v xanh. Nh vy, ta c th t mu G bng 3 mu ->c(G)=3. th H bin i t th G thng qua vic ni 2 nh a vg.

L lun tng t nh trn, ta thy H phi t ti thiu bng 3 mu. Khi c gng t H bng 3 mu ta phi thng qua cc l lun tng t nh G khi t mu tt c cc nh trg. Cui cng,gs lin k vi cc nh c c 3 mu , vng, xanh, v ta buc phi s dng thm mu th 4 (mu nu) t mu n. Tm li, c(H)=4

Hnh 7. th G v H c t mu: X: xanhV: vngN: nuThut ton:Thut ton t mu th

Input: th G = (V, E).Output: th G = (V, E) c cc nh c gn mu.

Cc bc:

B1: Lp danh sch cc nh ca th E:=[v1,v2,,vn] c sp xp theo th t bc gim dn ca bc: d(v1) d(v2) d(vn), t i := 1;

B2: T mu i cho nh u tin trong danh sch. Duyt ln lt cc nh tip theo v t mu i cho nh khng k nh c t mu i.

B3: Nu tt c cc nh c t mu th kt thc, th c t bng i mu. Ngc li, sang B4.

B4: Loi khi E cc nh t mu. Sp xp li cc nh trong E theo th t bc gim dn. t i := i + 1 v quay li B2.V d: p dng thut ton t mu th pha di

Hnh 8. T mu th v hngLi gii:B1: Lp danh sch cc nh theo th t gim ca bc ta c E=(A,D,B,E,F,C), t i = 1.B2: T mu (1) cho nh A, duyt cc nh cn li v t mu (1) cho nh C.B3: th cha c t mu ht, chuyn sang bc 4.

B4: Loi nh A v C ra khi E, ta c E=(D,B,E,F), tng i ln i=2, quay li bc 2.B2: T mu (2) cho nh D, duyt cc nh cn li nhng khng th t mu (2) cho nh no na.

B3: th cha c t mu ht, chuyn sang bc 4.

B4: Loi nh D ra khi E, ta c E=(B,E,F), tng i ln i=3, quay li bc 2.B2: T mu (3) cho nh B, duyt cc nh cn li v t mu (3) cho nh E.

B3: th cha c t mu ht, chuyn sang bc 4.B4: Loi nh B v E ra khi E, ta c E=(F), tng i ln i=4, quay li bc 2.B2: T mu (4) cho nh F.B3: Tt c cc nh c t mu ht, kt thc thut ton vi s mu t l 4.2. Nghip v xp lch thi ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin.Vo cui mi hc k ca cc nm hc, gio v khoa Cng ngh thng tin, hin ti l thy Nguyn Hu Dng phi ln lch th cng trn excel cho rt nhiu cc hc phn trong hc k nh bn sau:

Bng 1. Bng danh sch cc mn thiVi hn 50 hc phn trong mi hc k v xp lch th cng nh th ny rt mt thi gian v d c sai st. V vy cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin nh hin nay vic xp lch thi cn thit phi c tin hc ha.3. Mi lin quan gia t mu th v xp lch thi.T mu th c rt nhiu ng dng, v trong c c ng dng cho vic xp lch thi. Tht vy ta c th pht biu bi ton xp lch thi nh sau: xp lch thi l gn thi gian thi cho cc hc phn, sao cho khng c sinh vin no phi thi nhiu hn mt mn trong cng mt thi im.Mi lin quan gia t mu th v xp lch thi rt r rng, t mu th gm c 3 yu t: tp cc nh, tp cc cnh v tp cc mu t. Xp lch thi bao gm: cc mn thi, sinh vin v thi im thi. T ta chuyn bi ton xp lch thi thnh bi ton t mu th nh sau: cc mn thi c xem nh cc nh ca th, 2 mn thi k nhau l 2 mn c cng sinh vin ng k hc( khng c t cng mu hay ni cch khc l khng c thi cng mt thi im) t c th ni sinh vin l mt cnh ni 2 mn m h cng hc, cc thi im thi c xem nh tp mu t.4. Xy dng thut ton xp lch thi da trn thut ton t mu th.

Input: Danh sch mn thi, danh sch thi gian thi, danh sch phng thc hnh, danh sch nhm.Output: Danh sch cc mn thi c ln lch, nu l mn thc hnh th phi c gn phng thc hnh.Cc bc thc hin:

B1: Gom nhm cc mn thi theo nhm sao cho cc mn khng c thi trng nhau thnh mt nhm(cc mn i hc, cc mn cao ng, cc mn thc hnh s dng chung phng thc hnh,.).B2: Xp phng thc hnh i vi cc mn thi thc hnh.

B3: Thit lp th cho ton b cc mn thi: hai mn thi cng nhm th ni vi nhau.B4: p dng thut ton t mu th gn cc thi im thi cho cc mn thi:B4.1: Lp danh sch cc mn thi theo th t gim ca bc, t i=1, vi i l th t cc thi im thi.B4.2: Gn thi im thi th i cho mn u tin, duyt ln lt cc mn tip theo v gn thi im th i cho mn khng c chung cnh vi mn c gn thi im th i.B4.3: Nu gn xong thi im thi cho cc mn th dng thut ton, lch thi c xp bi i thi im, ngc li chuyn sang B4.4.B4.4: Xa khi danh sch cc mn thi xp lch, lp li danh sch mi vi cc mn thi cha c ln lch vi th t bc gim dn, t i=i+1; quay li B4.2.V d: xp lch thi cho 7 mn nh sau:1. Mng my tnh, h i hc, thi my.2. Ton ri rc, h i hc, thi t lun.3. Lp trnh web, h cao ng, thi my.4. Pht trin ng dng web vi ASP.NET, h i hc, thi my.5. Kin trc v t chc my tnh, h cao ng, thi t lun.6. Tin hc c s, h cao ng, thi my.7. Chuyn 1, h cao ng, thi t lun.

Vi cc phng thc hnh: A6.MT, A21.3

Thi gian thi: 7h-15/10, 9h-15/12, 13h-15/10, 15h-15/10, 7h-16/10, 9h-16/10Xp lch:

B1: phn nhm+ Nhm i hc: Ton ri rc(2)

+ Nhm cao ng: Kin trc v t chc my tnh(5), Chuyn 1(7)

+ Nhm i hc, thc hnh: Mng my tnh(1), Pht trin ng dng web vi ASP.NET(4)+ Nhm cao ng, thc hnh: Lp trnh web(3), Tin hc c s(6)B2: gn phng cho cc mn thc hnh

+ Mng my tnh(1): phng A21.3

+ Pht trin ng dng web vi ASP.NET(4): phng A6.MT

+ Lp trnh web(3): phng A6.MT+ Tin hc c s(6): phng A21.3B3: to th tng ng vi cc mn hc

Hnh 9. th biu din cc mn thiS trn mi nh l s th t ca mn thiB4: p dng thut ton t mu th tin hnh xp lch thi cho cc mnB4.1: to danh sch cc mn theo bc gim dn E=(3,6,1,4,5,7,2), t i=1;B4.2: ly gi thi th nht xp cho mn th (3), duyt ln lt danh sch v xp gi ny cho mn th (1).B4.3: cc mn cha c xp lch xong, chuyn sang B4.4.

B4.4: loi b 2 mn (3) v (1) ra khi danh sch, v sp xp li E ta c E=(6,4,5,7,2), tng i=2, tr v B4.2.B4.2: ly gi thi th hai xp cho mn th (6), duyt ln lt danh sch v xp gi ny cho mn thi th (4).B4.3: cc mn cha c xp lch xong, chuyn sang B4.4.

B4.4: loi b 2 mn (6) v (4) ra khi danh sch, v sp xp li E ta c E=(5,7,2), tng i=3, tr v B4.2.B4.2: ly gi thi th 3 xp cho mn thi th (5), duyt ln lt cc mn trong danh sch v xp gi ny cho mn th (2).B4.3: cc mn cha c xp lch xong, chuyn sang B4.4.B4.4: loi b 2 mn (5) v (2) ra danh sch, v sp xp li E ta c E=(7), tng i=4, quay li B4.2.B4.2: ly mu th t xp cho mn thi th (7).B4.3: cc mn thi c xp lch, dng thut ton, cn dng 4 gi thi sp xp lch cho 7 mn thi ny.

Hnh 10. th cc mn thi c ln lch

5. xy dng chng trnh xp lch thi5.1. Cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh:a) Chc nng qun l bc hc

Hnh 11. Mu qun l bc hcChc nng ny cho php ngi s dng nhp tn bc hc vo textbox thm vo danh sch, v cc nt xa sau tn mi bc hc trong danh sch cho php xa i nhng bc hc khng cn qun l na, hon tt ci t Bc hc, nhn lu lu li nhng thay i, ngc li nhn thot thot.b) Chc nng qun l phng thc hnh

Hnh 12. Mu qun l phng thc hnhTng t nh i vi chc nng qun l bc hc, chc nng qun l phng thc hnh cho php ngi dng nhp tn phng thc hnh, sc cha ca phng, nt xa xa cc phng khng cn qun l na, v nt lu hon tt qu trnh ci t, nt thot thot khi ci t m khng lu li nhng g thay i.c) Chc nng qun l thi gian

Hnh 13. Mu qun l gi thiChc nng qun l thi gian thi cho php ngi dng chn ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca ma thi, click vo ly ngy chng trnh t ng ly ra cc gi thi trong khong thi gian vi quy tc mi ngy s c 4 ca thi(7h, 9h, 13h v 15h) a vo danh sch, mi gi thi trong danh sch u c nt xa xa nu n thuc gi cm.d) Chc nng chn nhm

Hnh 14. Mu chn nhm cho cc mn thiChc nng chn nhm ly ra danh sch mn thi ta a vo chng trnh, t cho php ngi dng c th chn nhm th cng cho tng mn thi bng cch click chut vo tng nt chn ca mi mn thi thm nhm cho mn thi , hoc cng c th chn t ng, chng trnh t ng xp nhm cho cc mn thi, chc nng t ng ny ch mi phn nhm c cho 2 nhm i hc v cao ng.e) Chc nng chn phng

Hnh 15. Mu chn phng thc hnhChc nng ny t ng lc cc mn thi c hnh thc thi l thc hnh ln form CHN PHNG THI thc hin gn phng thi cho cc mn thi, nt chp nhn lu li nhng thay i ca ngi dng v hy thot khi ci t m khng lu li nhng thay i.f) Chc nng xp lch

Hnh 16. Mu xp lch thiSau khi chn nhm v phng thc hnh cho cc mn thi, ngi dng c th nhp v nt Xp Lch chng trnh t ng gn thi gian thi cho cc mn thi.5.2. Cc chc nng ph ca chng trnha) Chc nng to ti khon, ng nhp

Hnh 17. Mu ng k ti khon

Hnh 18. Mu ng nhp h thngNu chng trnh chy ln u tin, cha c thng tin ngi s dng chng trnh s c php ngi dng to ti khon trn h thng, v nhng ln s dng sau bt buc phi ng nhp c th s dng c chng trnh.b) Chc nng i mt khu

Hnh 19. Mu i mt khuChc nng ny cho php ngi dng thay i mt khu trong qu trnh s dng bo m an ton thng tin.c) Chc nng lu kt qu ra file excel

Sau khi xp lch, chng trnh cho php lu kt qu li di dng file excel tin xem li.

d) Chc nng in nSau khi xp lch chng trnh cho php in ra kt qu xp lch.e) Chc nng hng dn s dng

Chc nng hng dn s dng hng dn cho ngi dng cc bc s dng chng trnh mt cch hiu qu.

VI. Kt lun v hng pht trin

1. Kt qu t c: Hiu r v th v thut ton t mu th.Xy dng c thut ton xp lch thi t thut ton t mu th.Xy dng hon chnh chng trnh xp lch thi cho cc khoa trng i hc Lt.Chng trnh xp c lch vi d liu mu ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin trong 2 hc k I v hc k II nm hc 2011-2012, c thi ln 1 v thi ln 2.2. Hn ch: chng trnh c xy dng khi nhm chng em l sinh vin nm 3 vi nhiu kin thc chuyn ngnh cha c tip cn nn cn nhiu thiu xt.Hng pht trin: do chng trnh dng xp lch trong h tn ch, nhng trng i hc Lt vn cha gio dc theo tn ch hon ton, nn chng trnh cha thc s ti u ha. Nhm ang phn u thay i ci tin chng trnh sao cho vic xp lch l t ng hon ton: t ng phn nhm, t ng xp phng thc hnh, v iu nhm mun hng ti nht l phn b u thi gian thi cho cc lp hc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Vn Ba, Pht trin h thng hng i tng vi UML, HBKHN, 2004.

[2] Nguyn Minh Hip, Gio trnh Cng c & Mi trng lp trnh 1, i hc Lt, 2009

[3] Phm Hu Khang, Lp trnh C#, Nxb Lao ng x hi, 2006.

[4] Trn Nguyn Phong, SQL Server 2000, HKH Hu, 2004.

[5] Nguyn T Thnh, Nguyn c Ngha, Gio trnh ton ri rc, HBKHN, 1994.

[6] S tay dnh cho sinh vin, Quy ch o to theo hc ch tn ch.

PAGE 10Bo co nghin cu khoa hc sinh vin nm 2012