Aromatic Hydrocarbons

C-C ( ): 1,39C-C : 1,54 C=C: 1,34

( ) () Butylated hydroxytoluene()()

- shown:

- Hckel

, .

Hckel.

Hckel: , 4n+2 , n= 0, 1, 2, 3,

H2SO4, H2O HNO3 -

, . indigo, blue jeans. -

- 43211--4-4--

- 1,2----1,3--1,4--p--m--

2--1,4-2,5--

: FeBr3 FeCl3FeBr4-Br+FeCl4Cl+

HNO3 + H2SO4 +NO2 + HSO4- + H2O

:

Friedel-Crafts AlCl3 + R-Cl AlCl4- R+

Friedel-Crafts

.

, , , .

, . , .