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ART HISTORYTimeline
How did it all start?Art began over 27,000 years agoAs humans became smarter their
imagination and ability to create art increased
Art can be broken up over the span of time into eras and Movements:◦ Pre-historic & Pre-Columbian◦ Egyptian◦ Greek, & Roman◦ Medieval◦ Renaissance & Baroque◦ Modern◦ Contemporary
Stonehenge15,000 BC
Caves of Lascaux15,000 BC
Pre-Historic ArtEurope in 30,000 BC – 2,500 BC
Venus of Willendorf24,000 – 22,000 BC
People live in caves & survive by hunting and gathering that gradually evolve into learning how to use tools to make things
No organized government or religion so art is made for practical purposes to help with hunt or please natural forces
Art is made from natural resources like crushed berries and rock and sticks for brushes
Great Sphinx of Giza, 2558 - 2532 BC
Book of the Dead3100 BCE – 30
BCE
Egyptian3100 BC – 30 BC
Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE
First civilization to develop literature, science, mathematics and large-scale, unified & organized government
Led by a Pharaoh whom all artwork was created for & about
Egyptians were religious believing in many gods, the after life, and specific practices preparing and caring for the dead
Sculpture and Paintings are more realistic than pre-historic art, but remain simplistic and distorted using odd figural juxtapositions
Massive architectural monuments were built in the form of Pyramids to serve as a tomb for the Pharaoh
Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE
Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE
Nefertiti Bust1345 BCE
Greek850 BC – 31 BC
First glimpse at high realism in art
Perfection in art is more important that portraying reality
Symmetry in sculptural work is crucial to the Greeks
Temples are created to pay tribute to Gods and Goddesses
Ceiling-less architecture is more about the attributed God or Goddess rather than cover from the elements
Clay vessels are created for function, story telling and aesthetics
Very few Greek artworks remain due to the Romans wiping out much of the Greek Culture
Paintings insideVilla of
Mysteries in Pompeii
79 AD
Augustus of Prima Porta15 A.D.
The Colosseum70–80 AD
Roman500 BC – 476 AC
Heavily influenced by the Greek era
Roman art is more functional than religious and celebrates the Empire and Emperor
The Romans developed many advanced architectural features such as the “aqueduct” vaulted ceilings and domes made possible by their development of concrete
Realism is more important than perfection figures are sculpted and painted to looks as they do in reality
Paintings and other artworks are no longer intact or even remain due to the fall of Rome
Roman Art
Nigerian Sculpture500BC - AD500
Pre-Columbian30,000 BC – 1,600 CE
Mayan Temples250– 900 CE
Africa, North America, South and Central America were inhabited with Natives pre-European conquest.
Native American populations in all three Americas dwindled and were extinguished due to European disease, massacres and territorial wars in which the Europeans succeeded in expanding its civilization into the current Americas.
The Africa’s separated into countries and was able to maintain many tribal communities while other parts were colonized by the Europeans much like in the Americas.
Native American Pottery
1,000 BCE – 1492 CE
Giotto di Bondone Ognissanti Madonna, 1310
Cathedral Stained Glass Windows
500 – 1400
Illuminated Letter & Manuscripts400 – 600
Medieval500 – 1400
Considered “The Dark Ages”
Most common people were illiterate so artwork took the place of words in books and windows of cathedrals
Very futile time – most artwork didn’t survive and those that did were religious in nature preserved by the church
Figures in painting and sculpture begin to approach realism with slightly distorted proportions and lack of value
DavidMichelangelo
1501-04
The Mona LisaLeonardo Da
Vinci1503-06
The Tribute MoneyMasaccio
1425
Renaissance1400 – 1500
A rebirth of art after the dark and depressing “dark ages”
Art is Primarily religious in nature that starts off flat, unrealistic disproportionate figures to later evolve into highly realistic proportion figures
Tempera is used initially in painting until Oil paint is developed later heightening the realism and color quality that artist can generate
Birth of the “Triangle Composition,” “Perspective,” & “Self Portraiture”
The Kitchen MaidJohannes Vermeer
1658
The Garden of LoveRubens1633
The Conversion of St. PaulCaravaggio
1600-01
Baroque1600 – 1750
Mainly in Europe Oil Paint is used to
create dramatic imagery using high contrast in lights and darks called ”chiaroscuro”
Eventually moves into a very frilly and ornate style called Rococo
Subject matter is generally of a religious nature or portraits of the wealthy
The StarEdgar Degas
1876-77
ImpressionismFrance, 1865 – 1885
Started in France Light and visual
sensation are more important realism
Thick, loose brush strokes are used to capture the life and light of a scene, situation or object
Children Playing at the Beach
Mary Casatt1884
GrainstackClaude Monet
1890
At the Moulin RougeLautrec1892-95
Still Life with SkullCezanne895-1900
Café Terrace at Night
Vincent Van Gogh1888
Post-ImpressionismFrance, 1885 – 1910
Started in France Uses thick textural
applications of paint Color choices are
brighter and bolder than that of Impressionism
The simplification and exaggeration of color and shape begin here creating a path for “Expressionism” to take place next
I and VillageMark Chagall
1911
The ScreamEdvard Munch
1893
The Yellow Cow1911
Oil on Canvas
ExpressionismGermany, 1900 – 1935
Started in Germany and moved into France (Fauvism)Conveys feeling and emotion rather than direct representations of reality
Use violent and harsh elements like line, shape and color to convey mood
This way of using the elements and principles was a reaction against traditional art methods and become a vehicle for social truth and bitterness after WWI
Still Life with Checked Table ClothJuan Gris
1915
House at L’EstaqueGeorges Braque
1908
GuernicaPablo Picasso
1937
Cubism1905 – 1920
Started in France Influenced by tribal
art of Africa Analytic Cubism:
Showing a subject by spreading out pieces across the canvas
Synthetic Cubism: Showing a subject’s different sides/angles from different viewpoints or distance.
Cubism uses simplified shapes, colors, patterns and lines to show the figure, and everyday scenes and objects.
The Persistence of MemorySalvador Dali
1931
Time TransfixedRene Magritte
1938
The Two FridasFrida Kahlo
1939
Surrealism1917 – 1950
Started in France and spread across the globe
Expresses the imagination and dream like states using realistic & unrealistic art techniques
Art that is free from conscious control or hallucinatory scenes that defy common sense are more important than depicting reality accurately
No. 10Mark Rothko
1950
Composition VIIIWassily Kandinsky
1983
Autumn RhythmJackson Pollock
1950
Abstract Expressionism1940s – 1950s Started in the US –
New York, East Hampton
Relied on Instinct, action and art materials
The technique in using art materials is more important than the concept
Question: What type of art is an artist creating when they focus on elements and principles not subject matter?
Answer: Formalism
Pop Art1960s Started in England &
US A reaction to Mass
Media - TV, radio, magazines & pop culture in general Used a lot of
symbolism, simplistic compositions, repurposing of materials.
The social message was more important than the art process
Question: What type of sculptural art can be seen from all sides?
Answer: In-the-round
MarilynsAndy Warhol
1968
Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar TracksClaus Oldenbuerg
1969
HopelessRoy Lichtenstein
1963