Arthabeat Magh

8/20/2019 Arthabeat Magh

1/48 df3–@)&@ 5


2/48 df3–@)&@ 6


3/48 df3–@)&@ 7


4/48


5/48 df3–@)&@ 9


6/48


7/48

cfheGbf ^ jif{ cufl8 cyf{t\ @)^% kmfu'g ( ut] hf]l8Psf] of] ;DaGwnfO{ cfh sfg"gL ¿kdf g} 6' ª\Uofpg] sfdul/of] . x/t/xsf ;Dej x' g ;Sg] ;a} k| of;x¿ ubf{ klg bfDkTo hLjg cufl8 a9fpg ;lsPg . Pp6f dfq xftn] tfnL gaHbf]/x]5 . ;DaGw g6'6f];\ eg]/ sfdgf ug]{, k| of; ug]{ z'elrGts,;fyLefO, cfkmGthgx¿ s;}sf] klg s]xL nfu]g . cflv/ h] x' g' lyof] Tof] eP/} 5f8\of] . k| of;df ;fy lbg] ;a}k| lt d hLjgko{Gt s[t1 /xg]5' . w]/} cufl8 st} s'g} k':tsdf s' g} k|Voft ljåfgsf] egfO k9]sf] lyPF . …ljjfx k'¿ifx¿sf nflu h' jf v]n]h:t} xf], c;n >LdtL e]6] hLjg:ju{ aG5 . v/fa e]6] hLjg g/st'No aG5 .Ú ;a}df t of] s'/f nfu" gxf]nf

t/ d]/f] hLjgdf rflxF To:t} eof] . j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu ljb]zdf/ut;l/ kl;gf aufpg]x¿sf] 3/af/ / >LdtL;Fusf] ;DaGw lalu|Psf w]/}syfx¿df cfhb]lv d]/f] syf klg ylkof] .–lIflth ;'j]bL @)&@ h]7 !! ut]sf] km];a's :6f6;af6

wflbª a]+;Laf6 tLg lbg k}bn lxF8]kl5 ltlKnª k' luG5 . ltlKnªdf kftnf] a:tL 5 . ToxL a:tLd} Pp6f ;fgf] 3/ 5 . 3/df tLg hgfafnaRrf 5g\ . 3/d'lgsf] rf}tf/fdf sf]xL gf}nf] dfG5] b]Vg]lalQs} tLg hgfafnaRrf bf}l8Fb} k' U5g\ / lg/fz eP/ kmls{G5g\ . rf}tf/fdf pgLx?n]cfdfnfO{ b]Vb}gg\ . of] qmd rn]sf] Ps jif{ eO;Sof] . @)&! ;fnsf] ;fpgdf cfdf ;Demgf tfdfª log} tLghgf

afnaRrfsf] kfngkf]if0fsf nflu s'a]t uPsL lyOg\ . rf/ dlxgfkl5

;Demgfsf] kmf]g cfpg 5f8\of] . cfdf x/fPkl5 afafn] klg vf]hLu/]gg\ . a? s]xL ;do kl5 bf]>f] ljjfx u/] . To;kl5 cf7 jif{sf xl/

/ pgsf b'O{ hgf efO alxgL 6'x'/f] em}+ ePsf 5g\ . …afafn] klg klxnf h:tf] dfof ug{ 5f8] . sfG5L cfdfnfO{ b]Vbf Gof;|f] d]l6g] eGbf klgcfdfsf] ofbn] emg} ;tfpF5Ú pgLx? eG5g\ .

;Demgfsf] kl/jf/sf] ljifodf ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePkl5 PscgnfOg klqsf;Fu ;Dks{df cfPsL ;Demgfn] ljb]z uPkl5 cfˆgf] kmf]g x/fPsf] / 3/sf] gDa/ lal;{Psfn] kmf] g ug{ g;s]sf] atfOg\ . s'a]t k'u]sf] rf/ dlxgfkl5b]lv ;fx'n] tna dfUbf oftgf lbPsf], df]afOn klg x/fPsfn] s;};Fu s'/f ug{ g;s]sf] pgn] u' gf;f] ul/g\ .…cK7]/f]df k/]/ kmf]g ug{ ;lsgF . d rfx]/ o;/L a;]sL xf]Og . klxnfsdfpFbf rf/ dlxgfsf] tna >Ldfg\nfO{ k7fPs} lyPF . t/ clxn]>Ldfg\n] klg ;f}tf NofP5g\ . 3/df 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lahf]u eP5 . ca hlt ;Sbf] rfF8} g]kfn kmls{g rfxG5'Ú ;Demfgfn] eg]sL l5g\ .

cfj/0f

df3–@)&@ 11


8/48

em08} #) jif{ cl3b]lv z'? ePsf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf t];|f] d'n's hfg] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof ljut @) jif{b]lv …lbg b'O u' gf /ft rf}u' gfÚsf] lx;fan] al9/x]sf] 5 .

j}b] lzs /f] huf/ ljefusf] tYofª\ s cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^# ÷)^$b]lv @)&! ÷)&@ ;Dd #) nfv @* xhf/ ! ;o * hgf g]kfnLx?

j}b]lzs /f] huf/Ldf /x]sf]df rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] d+l;/ d;fGt;Dd ! nfv&$ xhf/ ( ;o @^ hgf ylkPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof hf]8\bf ;f9] ( jif{sf]cjlwdf #@ nfv # xhf/ #$ hgf g]kfnLx? j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf

5g\ . tL dWo] sl/j *@ xhf/ dlxnf 5g\ .@)^# cl3sf] tYofª\s Jojl:yt g/x]sf]n] o;df ;dfj]z gu/]sf] ljefusf] egfO 5 . To; cl3sf sfdbf/sf] ;+ Vof o;sf] cfwf g} cg' dfgug]{ xf] eg] klg em08} %) nfv g]kfnLx? sfdsf] nflu t];|f] d'n'sdf /x]sf]cg' dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pgLx?n] j}wflgs af6f]af6 dfq} k7fPsf] ljk| ]if0fsf]u0fgf g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm ljk| ]if0f jflif{s ^ va{sf]xf/fxf/Ldf x' g] u/]sf] 5 . h' g em08} b]zsf] s'n ah]6sf] glhs kb{5 .

hfgsf/x?sf cg';f/ ljb]zaf6 cfpg] /]ld6\ofG; j}wflgs af6f]af6 hltcfpF5 Tof] eGbf a9L cj}w x'08Laf6 cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o; lx;fadf !@va{eGbf a9Lsf] cfDbfgL x' g] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ln] b]zsf] cy{tGqdf /fd| }

k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . t/ o;n] Psflt/ sfd ug]{ hgzlQm ljb]z knfog x' Fbfb]zdf s[lif nufot pTkfbgsf If]q lgl:qo ag]/ k/ lge{/tf j9fPsf]

5 h' g b]zsf] bL3{sfnsf] nflu Pp6f ;d:of xf] .To; afx]s gful/sx?df klg l;h{glzntf / b]zd} s]xL u/f}+ eGg]efjgf 36]/ efjL k':tf;Dd k/ k/lge{/tf r' lng] cj:yfsf] cf+sngug' {kg] { cj:yf eO;s]sf] 5 . To;sf] cltl/St kl/jf/ ljv08gsf];a}eGbf eofjx cj:yf o;n] l;h{gf ul//x]sf] 5 . >LdtL jf >Ldfg\ nfdf] ;do ljb]zdf /xFbf d'VotM >Ldfg\>LdtL aLrdf cljZjf; r' lng] / cGttM kl/jf/ g} 6'6\g] u/]sfw]/} pbfx/0f 5g\ . ltg} pbfx/0fdWo] b'O{cf]6f pbfx/0fnfO{xfdLn] of] l/kf6{sf] cu|efudf k|:t't u/]sf xf}+ .

rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ Ps ;ftfdf rflxg] b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' -ls/fgf ;fdfu| L_ lsGg slt vr{ nfUnf <

Ps hgfsf] sdfOn] k'U5 < tkfO{sf] ;xh hjfkm x'g ;S5 h;f]t;f] k' Unf . t/, olb cf};t Hofnfsf] cfwf/df lx;fa ug]{ xf]eg] Ps hgfsf] sdfOn] c? vr{ t 5f8f}+, ls/fgf ;fdfu| L lsGg klg k' Ub}g . olt dfq xf]Og, g]kfndf x' g] o:tf] vr{ o'/f]lkog / c/a b]zsf]eGbf w]/} a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . d'exj gfds j]a;fO6sf cg';f/ Hofnfsf

cfwf/df rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/sf nflu Ps ;ftfdf ls/fgf;fdfu| Ldf w]/} vr{ x' g] d'n'ssf] ;"rLdf g]kfn 5}6f}+

:yfgdf k/]sf] 5 . p;sf cg';f/ g]kfndf ls/fgf ;fdfu|Lvl/bsf nflu x'g] vr{ cf};t HofnfeGbfem08} bf]Aa/ 5 . h; cg';f/ g]kfndf Ps

hgfsf] ;ftfsf] sdfO !)) ?k} ofF 5 eg] p;n]rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/sf nflu ls/fgf ;fdfu| L

vl/bdf Ps ;ftfdf !&!=!^ vr{ug{' k5{ . o;df ;a }eGb f cufl8 o' 'uf08f b]lvPsf] 5 . ToxfF ls/fgf ;fdfu| L vl/bsfnflu ;fKtflxs sdfOsf]@&%=*^ k|ltzt vr{x'G5 . Olyof]lkof bf];|f],s]Gof t];|f], lhDafAa] rf}yf]

/ Dofgdf/ kfFrf} + :yfgdf 5 . ;fKtflxs sdfOaf6 ls/fgf ;fdfu| L sd vr{ x' g]b]zdf ;a}eGbf cufl8 vf8L

d'n's 5g\ .zLif{ :yfgdf stf/ 5 . ToxfFPs JolQmn] rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg ;fKtflxs sdfOsf] @=^@ k| ltzt dfq ls/fgf ;fdfu| Ldfvr{ ug{'k5{ . bf];|f] :yfgdf dsfp, t];|f]df s'j]t, rf}yf]df l;+ufk'/ / kfFrf} + gDa/df o'PO{

5g\ . gj]{ bzf}+ gDa/df 5, hxfFPs JolQmn] rf/ hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg ;fKtflxs sdfOsf] *=@& k| ltzt dfq ls/fgf ;fdfu| Ldfvr{ ug{' k5{ . g ' Da ]cf ] gfds j]a;fO6n] x/]s jif{ cBfjlwsug{] d" No ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/cf};t vr{ lgsflnPsf] d'exjn] hgfPsf] 5 .

df3–@)&@ 12


9/48

k"jL{o ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltcg';f/ ljjfx Pp6f s7f]/ t/ kljq ;fdflhsaGwg xf], h;n] ;dfhnfO{ cu|ult k|bfg ub{5 . j}1flgs / ;do;fk]If?kdf x]bf{ klg ljjfx Pp6f kljq aGwg h;nfO{ ;Gtfg pTkfbgsf] d'Vocfwf/ dflgG5 . ljjfx aGwgdf afFlwPkl5 5'6\6} kl/j]z / lhDd]jf/LcfOk5{ . ;dfhnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg] s;L klg xf], ljjfx . t/, kl5Nnf]bzsdf ;dfhsf] ;+/rgf nueu l5GgleGg x' g] ;+s]t kfOg yflnPsf]5 . tkfO{+ cfkm}F ;f]Rg';\, ha kl/jf/ g} elTsg yfNof] eg] afFsL rflxF s]/xG5 < g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efudf klg ljjfx]Q/ ;DaGwsf dfnf wdfwd v' l:sFb}uPsf] b[i6fGt of] l/kf]6{dfkm{t k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . kl/jfl/s a]d]n, kl/jf/sf]c:jLs[lt, cGt/hftLo ljjfx, lszf]/fj:yfd} ljjfx ug]{ kl/kf6Ln] j}jflxs ;DaGwdf lju|x cfPsf] xf] . g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzg emfkf cWoIf

uh]Gb| cfrfo{ j}jflxs ;DaGw tf]l8g] qmd a9\g'sf] sf/0f cs}{ /x]sf] l6Kk0ffL u5{g\ . pgsf cg';f/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/n] ;DaGwljR5]b a9]sf]xf] . …>Ldfg\ ljb]z uPkl5 >LdtLdf dxTjfsf+Iff a9\g yfN5, k};fn] dfq};a} sfd x' Fb}g, zf/Ll/s cfjZostfn] klg ;DaGwnfO{ k|efljt u5{Ú, pgLeG5g\ …ljjfxnuQ} >Ldfg\ jf >LdtL j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] / cfk;L ljZjf; 36\b} uPkl5 ;DaGwljR5]bsf] af6f] v'N5 .Ú >Ldfg\ ljb]zd} /xFbf >LdtLn] cs}{;Fu ljjfx u/]kl5 cf}krfl/stfsf nflu cbfnt k' Ug] kl/kf6L a9]sf] 5 . emfkf lhNnf cbfntsf] tYofª\sn] klg cfrfo{sf] ljZn] if0fnfO{ k' li6u5{ . k"j{df ;a}eGbf lzlIft elgPsf emfkf / Onfddf ;DaGwljR5]bsf]8/nfUbf] b[Zo k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . emfkf lhNnf cbfntsf >]:t]bf/ gj/fhcfrfo{sf cg';f/ ;DaGwljR5]bsf 36gfdf cfwf hlt rflxF j}b]lzs

/f] huf/L g} sf/s b]lvG5 . emfkf lhNnf cbfntdf cfwf bzsotf ;DaGw ljR5]b ug]{sf] ;ª\Vof a9]sf] 5 . rfn" cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷) sf] dª\l;/ d;fGt;Ddsf] tYofª\s cg';f/ $ ;o $( cf]6f ;DaGwljR5]bsf d'2f k/]sf 5g\ . …;fpgotf ! ;o ^! cf]6f d'2fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf] 5Ú,pgn] cy{la6;Fu eg], …h;df @ ;o ** cf]6f gofF x' g\ .Ú cfrfo{n] rfn"cfly{s jif{sf] of] cjlwdf @ ;o #@ cf]6f d'2fsf] km};nf eO;s]sf]5 . …@ ;o !& cf]6f afFsL 5g\Ú pgn] eg] . cbfntsf] tYofª\scg';f/clwsf+z d'2fdf jfbL dlxnf g} 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ @ hgf k'?ifn] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf 5g\ .

;'b'/k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnf Onfddf klg ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf a9\bf]5 . lhNnf cbfntsf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) df *% cf]6f;DaGwljR5]bsf 36gf btf{ ePsf lyP . t/, @)&!÷)&@ df To;sf]emG8} bf]Aa/ a9L ! ;o $& k'u]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! df

(* j6f d'2f btf{ ePsf] lyof] . uPsf] jif{ btf{ ePsf ;DaGwljR5]bsf36gfdWo] ! ;o !$ cf]6fsf] km};nf eO;s]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . !^ b]lv$% jif{ pd]/;Ddsfn] ;DaGwljR5]b ul//x]sf] cbfntsf] egfO{ 5 .

emfkfdf kfFr jif{otf dlxnfn] g} ;DaGwlaR5]b ug]{ qmd a9]sf] lhNnfcbfntsf] tYofª\sn] b]vfpF5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df @ xhf/& ;o #) cf]6f gofF d'2f btf{ ePsf lyP . To;df cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf km};nf x' g afFsL ! xhf/ @ ;o *& ;lxt $ xhf/ !& d'2fdWo]@ xhf/ ^ ;o $$ cf]6f d'2f km};nf ePsf lyP . ;DaGw ljR5]bsf &;o $) gofF d'2f btf{ ePsf]df ^ ;o !) cf]6f d'2f km};nf ePsf] 5 .c;f/;Dddf afFsL /x]sf ! xhf/ # ;o d'2fdWo] ! ;o ^$ cf]6f;DaGw ljR5]bsf /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnf cbfntdf cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) df ! xhf/ * ;o @ cf]6f d'2f btf{ ePsf lyP . To;df * ;o ^% d'2f

cl3Nnf] ;fnaf6 lhDd] jf/L ;/]/ s'n @ xhf/ ^ ;o @ j6f d'2fdWo] !xhf/ $ ;o !^ cf]6f d'2f km};nf ePsf lyP . km};nfdWo] $ ;o ̂ cf]6f km};nf ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f km};nf ePsf lyP . ;f] cfly{s jif{df %;o %# cf]6f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'4f btf{ ePsf lyP . o;}u/L, cfly{s aif{ @)&)÷)&! Dff ! xhf/ ( ;o (% cf]6f gofF d'2fbtf{ ePsf lyP . cl3Nnf] cfly{s aif{df km};nf x' g afFsL ! xhf/ @ ;o%) u/L s'n # xhf/ @ ;o $% j6f d'2f /x]sf lyP . gofF btf{dWo] ̂ ;o@% cf]6f ;DaGw laR5]bsf d'2f lyP . ;f] cly{s aif{df ! xhf/ ( ;o %*cf]6f d'4f km};nf ePsfdWo] $ ;o @& cf]6f ;DaGwlaR5]bsf d'2f 5g\ . cbfntdf ;DaGwlaR5]bsf nflu lgj]bg lbg cfpg] (( k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ . To;df @) b] lv #% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnf a9L x' g] u/]sf]tYofª\s 5 . k/k'?if;Fusf] k| ]d ;DaGwsf] cf/f]kdf clwsf+z dlxnfn];DaGw laR5]bsf] af6f] /f]Hg] u/]sf 5g\ . clwjQmf sdnf cfrfo{ 3/]n' lx+;f Joxf]g{ afWo dlxnf cem} klg cbfntsf] kx' Frdf cfpg g;s]sf]atfpF l5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf k'/fgf dfGotf elTsFb} uPsfn] klg ;DaGwljR5]bsfa9]sf] ljZn] ifs tyf kqsf/ gs'n sfhLsf] wf/0ff 5 . o' jfdf k/;+ :s[ ltu|x0fa9]sfn] klg ;fdflhs ;+/rgf elTsFb} uPsf] pgsf] l6Kk0fL 5 . emfkf lhNnf cbfntdf s]xL aif{cl3;Dd ;DaGwljR5]b ug]{ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf];+Vof pNn]Vo lyof] . cd]l/sf, Sofg8f / o'/f]k]nL b]zdf k' gM:yfkgf x' g]ePkl5 ;DaGwlaR5]b a9]sf] xf] . g]kfnL;Fu ljjfx u/]sf z/0ffyL{ dlxnf /cfk/flws d'2f nfu]sf e'6fgL k'?if;Fu z/0ffyL{ dlxnfn] ;DaGwlaR5]bsf] lgj]bg lbFbf Tof] ;+Vof pNn]Vo lyof] . To:tf clwsf+z z/0ffyL{ t];|f] b]z

k' gM:yfkgf ePkl5 ;DaGwlaR5]b ug]{ z/0ffyL{sf] ;+Vof 36]sf] lyof] .

df3–@)&@ 13


10/48

/fd]5fksf] lxdu+uf–& d'u]{sL clgtf du/ ljQLo ;fIf/tf sIffdf ljb]zaf6 cfkmGtn] k7fPsf] /sd s;/L ;b' kof]u ug]{ eg]/ l;Sb} lyOg\ .;'/lIft cfk| jf;g kl/of]hgf -;fdL_ cGtu{t ;fd'bflos hgzlQm ljsf;sfo{qmd uf]Ndf6f/n] ljb]zdf /x]sf ;b:on] k7fPsf] /sd ;b'kof]uug{ sIff rnfO/x]sf] lyof] . ToxL sIffsL ;xefuL lyOg\ clgtf klg .# jif{cl3 cf]dfg uPsf >Ldfg\n] k};f k7fpnfg\ clg To;nfO{ ;xL7fpFdf nufgL ug{ ;lsPnf eGg] ;f]r lyof] clgtfsf] . ;fIf/tf sIffdf a;]s} a]nf clgtfsf >Ldfg\ g}gaxfb'/n] ut k'; (ut] 3/ cfOk' U5' eg]/ va/ k7fP . Tof] ;' g]/ pgL x' g' v';L eOg\ .

>Ldfg\n] cfOk' U5' eg]sf] lbg laxfg}b]lv clgtfsf] dg km'?ª\u lyof] .>Ldfg\nfO{ dg k5{ eg]/ pgn] Tof] lbg s'v'/f sf6]/ df;'eft ksfP/

/flvg\ .cfPsf] /ft 3/eGbf tn af6f]df /x]sf] uf]7df latfPsf >Ldfg\ csf]{

lbg laxfg dfq} 3/ cfOk'u], sfG5L >LdtL lnP/ . …k};f gk7fpFbf clncln z+sf t nfu]sf] lyof]Ú clgtf elG5g\ . …t/ ;f}tf g} Nofpnfg\ eGg];f]r]sf] lyOgF .Ú !$ jif{s} x' Fbf g}gaxfb'/;Fu k| ]d ljjfx u/]sL pgsf b'O{ 5f]/L 5g\ . kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf]n] sdfpg] ;kgf b]vfpFb} cf]dfguPsf >Ldfg\ pt}af6 sfG5L >LdtL lnP/ cfPkl5 5f]/Lx?nfO{ s;/Lx'sf{pg] eGg] lrGtfn] ;tfpg yfn]sf] 5 clgtfnfO{ .

;fIf/tf sIffdf a:bf ljb]zsf] sdfOn] s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]Wg]clg ToxL cg';f/ of]hgf agfO/x]sL clgtf clxn] lrGtfdf 5g\ .

;'v]{tsf] e]/Lu+uf gu/kflnsf–* sflnbdf/sL gGbf a:ofn ;fsL{n]

dn]l;ofdf sfo{/t >Ldfg\n] k7fPsf] # nfv ?k}of F lnP/ cs}{;Fu ljjfxu/]sL l5g\ .

kfFr jif{sf] aRrfnfO{ ;'t]sf] cj:yfdf 3/d} 5f8]/ gGbfn] ut k'; !#ut] e]/Lu+uf gu/kflnsf–!% /fd3f6sf /fh' /Dt]n;Fu ljjfx u/]sL x' g\ . gGbfsf >Ldfg\ ltnsaxfb'/ ;fsL{ /f] huf/Lsf nflu dn]l;ofdf 5g\ . ltnssf bfh' rG›jL/ ;fsL{n] efOn] ljb]zjf6 b'Mv u/L sdfP/ k7fPsf] /sd lnP/ a'xf/L gGbfn] cs}{;Fu ljjfx u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . gGbfn] ljleGg ;xsf/Laf6 C0f lnPsf] # nfv #) xhf/ gub ?k}ofF klg lxgfldgf u/]sf] pgsf] cf/f]k 5 .

ltnssf cfkmGtn] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no l5Gr' df # nfv /sd c;'nu/L kfpF eGb} gGbflj?4 ph'/L btf{ u/fPsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no l5Gr'n] kLl8tn] ph'/L lbPsfn] b' j} hgfnfO{ kqmfpu/L sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg] hgfPsf] 5 .

/fd]5fksf] RoflG;6f/sf bLks yfkfdu/ kl/jf/sf nflu ;'vvf]Hb} dn]l;of uPsf] b'O{ jif{ dfq} ePsf] lyof] . >LdtL ;lagfn]5f]/L k9fpg sf7df8f}+ hfg] k|:tfj ul/g\ .

5f]/L dlgiffnfO{ zx/sf] /fd|f] k9fO x' g] af]l8{ª :s'ndf k9fpg]

;kgf b]v]sf bLksn] x'G5 eg] klg b]j/ b]p/fgL / ;;'/fn] cg' dlt lbPgg\ . t/ pgLx? afn'jf lng vf]nf uPsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ 3/5f]8]sL >LdtL eQmk'/ k'lug\ . b'O{ jif{;Dd lbksn] ;lagfnfO{5f]/Lsf] k9fOsf nflu tLg nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF k7fO;s]sf lyP .

;lagf ;x/ cfOg\ t/ 5f]/Ln] /fd|f] :s"n k9\g kfOgg\ . …o;} kfnL egf{ ug] { ;Nnfx u/]sf lyof}+ Ú bLksn] eg], …t/ ToxL 5f]/LnfO{ larNnL kf/]/ cs}{;Fu uO5 .Ú ;lagfn] eQmk'/sf] 8]/fdf a;]sf]3/s} csf]{ sf]7fsf l;Gw' kfNrf]s 3/ ePsf Ps s]6f;Fu bf];|f] lax] u/]kl5 5f]/LnfO{ ;x/df k9fpg] bLkssf] ;kgf cw'/} eof] . >LdtL cs}{;Fu uPkl5 g] kfn kmls{Psf bLks eG5g\ …hfFbfsf]

eGbf klg l/Q} ePF .Ú …d;Fu clxn] g >LdtL 5 g t olt~h]nsdfPsf] k};f .Ú g]kfn kmls{Pkl5 bLksn] >LdtLn] cfkmGtsf];' g rf]/]sf] cleof]udf dxfgu/Lo k|x/L l;+xb/af/df y' gfdf /x]sf]yfxf kfP .

;ljgf;Fu} /x]sL rf/ jif{sL 5f]/LnfO{ 3/ NofPkl5 bLks km]l/ dn]l;of kmls{Psf 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ cfdfsf] Gofgf] ;fy / dfofaf6 cnUofpg' kbf{ b'MvL ePsf bLks eG5g\ …>LdtLnfO{cfkm"n] ljZjf; u/] klg pgn] cfkm"dfly ljZjf; gubf{ cfkm';Fu} gfafns 5f]/Ln] dfgl;s kL8f ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 .Ú

…j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ln] Ifl0fs ;d:of t xn x'G5 t/ 3/ ;Nnfx gldNbf kl/jf/ ljv08g klg x' Fbf] /x]5Ú bLks eG5g\ …To;}n] ljb]z

hfg'cl3 g} 3/;Nnfx / cfk;L ;dembf/L ug{' dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

df3–@)&@ 14


11/48

d]/f] gfd /fhg lu/L xf] . d]/f] 3/ e'Ns]–% ef]hk'/,xfn lj/f6gu/ –$ df 8]/f u/L a:b} cfPsf] 5' . d ul/a kl/jf/sf] ePsf sf/0f cfˆgf] hLljsf rnfpgsf nflu dn]l;of uP/ sfd ug{ yfn]sf] !! jif { eof] . ul/aLsfsf/0f hlt;'s} ufx|f] eP klg 3/df Pshgf lzlIft x' g' k5{eGg] nfu]/ d}n] d]/L >LdtLnfO{ k9fpg] lg0f{o u/F] / Kn; 6' k9fPF . Kn; 6' k9fP/ klg s]xL gx' g] b]v]kl5 d}n] pgnfO{:6fkm g;{ k9fPF . lbg/ft d]x] gt u/]/ ljb]zL e" lddf kl;gf aufP/ sdfPsf] k};fn] lj/f6gu/df sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ /fv]/ pgnfO{ :6fkm g;{;Dd k9fPF

/ pgL gf]a]n xl:k6ndf sfd ug{ yflng\ . t/, pgn] dnfO{ wf]sf lbOg\/ d}n] kl;gf aufP/ sdfPsf] ;DklQ lnP/ kf]On uOg\ . pgn] $ tf]nf;' g lnP/ efu]sL l5g\ . d ;a} g]kfnL ;fyLefOnfO{ eG5' ls >LdtLsf] ;a} s'/fdf ljZjf;ug{ gx' g] /x]5 . d}n] lsg o:tf] eGb}5' eg] d Ps kfq x' F, oyfy{ / HjnGt kL8f ef]u]sf] 5' . d}n] aufPsf] kl;gfsf] sdfOdf k9]/ sfd ug{ yfn]sL pgn] 3/ ;fgf]eof], dnfO{ hflu/df hfg ufx|f] eof] df]6/;fOsn rflxof] eGb} dnfO{ ljb]lzg afWo agfOg\ . t/ ha k9fO k'/f u/]/ pgL sfd ug{ yflng\ clgpgn] dnfO{ cfkm";Fu hf]8L gldNg], njfO{ vjfO{ gldNg] / ;DklQ sdePsf] eGg] lgx' F ub}{ emu8f ug{ yflng\ . pgs} cfu|xdf yk sdfpgsf]nflu d k' gM ljb] lzg afWo ePF . t/ d dn]l;of cfPsf] !! dlxgfkl5

pgL kf]On uOg\ . pgnfO{ k9fpg] qmddf d eg] >LdtLsf] k9fO vr{ s;/L k' ¥ofpg] eGb} slt lbg ef]s} a;F], ef]s} sfd u/]F . t/, d]/f] pQm d]x]gt v]/ uof] .clxn] cg]s axfgf agfP/ kf]On uOg\ . d clxn] dn]l;ofdf 5' . pQm

36gfaf/] d]/L alxgL lx/fn] lj/f6gu/l:yt k|x/L rf}sLdf lgj]bg lbPsL

l5g\ . xL/f elG5g\, …bfOn] ljb]zaf6 ;' ldqf efph'nfO{ k};f k7fpg' x'GYof] . d / efph" ;Fu} 8]/f u/]/ a:Yof}+ . bfOn] ljb]zaf6 k};f k7fP/ efph"nfO{ k9fpg' eof] . ;' ldqfn] P;Pn;L lbPkl5 bfO;Fu ljjfx ePsf] lyof] .;' ldqfnfO{ bfOn] g} Kn; 6' / :6fkm{ g;{ k9fpg' ePsf] lyof] .Ú …gf]j]n d]l8sn sn]hdf sfd u/]sf] b'O} jif{ x'g nfu]sf] lyof] .efph" ;' ldqf ut jif{sf] d+l;/df laP:;L ug{ eGb} sf7df8f} hfg'eof] .sf7df8f} uPsf] s]xL lbgkl5 pxfFn] kmf]g u/]/ cfkm"n] cs}{ dfG5];Fu lax] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . To;kl5 s' g} ;Dks{ ePsf] 5}g . k9\g bfOn] g} k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . t/, ;Dks{df gcfPkl5 d}n] k';df lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf df]/ªdf dfG5] x/fPsf] eGb} ph'/L u/]F . o; ljifodf k|x/Ln]s' g} hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5} g .Ú

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªn] eg] ut jif{ ;' ldqf lu/L x/fPsf] eGb}vf]hL ul/lbg lgj]bg k/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . ;' ldqfsf] vf]hL ubf{ km]nf gk/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

– k"j]{nL cfjfh cgnfOgaf6

tLg jif{ cl3 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ uPsf bLks ldhf/ rf/ dlxgfcl3 3/ kmls{P . vf8Ldf kl;gf aufP/ sdfPsf] k};f pgn] lgoldt ?kdf >LdtLnfO{ k7fpFb} cfPsf lyP . t/, tLg jif{kl5 kmls{+bf >LdtL ;Fu} a:g dflggg\ . csf]{

JolQm;Fu k| ] d;DaGw /x]sL >LdtLn] ;DklQ;d]t nu]sf] eGb} bLks ph'/L lnP/ k|x/Ldf k'u] . nlntk'/sf lbg]z zfxL klg >LdtLaf6 cGofo ePsf] eGb} k|x/Ldf ph'/L lnP/ hfg afWo eP . tLg nfv %) xhf/ gub / ;f9] b'O{ tf]nf ;' g;d]t lnP/ lxF8]kl5 pgL ph'/L lnP/ k|x/Ldf k'u] . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jfs]G› sflndf6Ln] >LdtLnfO{ af]nfP/ 5nkmn u/fof] / ldnfkq eof] .

x/]s ;ftfh;f] Ps >Ldfg\ >LdtLlj?4 ph'/L lnP/ k|x/Lsf]df k' Ug] u/]sf5g\ . k|x/Lsf] sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/sf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jfs]G›df klg k'?ifn] >LdtLlj?4 ph'/L ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] jif{df eGbf k'?ifsf ph'/L o; jif{ a9]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;] jf s]G› sflndf6LsL k| d'v k|x/L lg/LIfs k"l0f{df rGbsf cg';f/ ;fpgb]lv k';;Dd @# hgf k'?ifn] >LdtLaf6 kLl8t ePsf] eGb} ph'/L u/]sf 5g\ . …w]/}h;f] ljjfx]Q/ ;DaGw ;DaGwL ph'/L x'G5g\ .Ú k|x/L lgl/Ifs rGb

elG5g\ …>LdtLn] oftgf lbPsf], ;DklQ lnP/ uPsf]h:tf ph'/L kg]{ u/]sf

5g\ .Ú >Ldfg\ ljb]z hfFbf >LdtLsf] c¿;Fu ;DaGw x' g] / ;DklQ;d]t lnP/ hfg] u/]sf 36gf k|x/Ldf k' U5g\ . sltko 36gfdf >Ldfg\af6 kLl8t ePF eg]/ dlxnfn] ph'/L ug]{, t/ cg';Gwfg ubf{ >Ldfg\ g} kLl8t ePsf] v'Ng] u/]sf]

k| lg rGb atfpFl5g\ . k|x/Ldf cfpg] () k| ltzt 3/]n' lx+ ;fsf 36gf ldnfkqdf 6' +lug] u/]sf5g\ . ;fpgotf ^ dlxgfdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]G› sflndf6Ldf dfq tLg;o @) cf]6f ph'/L k/]sf lyP . tL dWo] ! ;o ^% cf]6fdf ldnfkqePsf] 5 eg] !* cf]6f cbfnt k'u]sf 5g\ . k|x/Ln] ;s];Dd ldnfkq u/fpF5. d'2f btf{ ePsf] @$ lbg;Dd k|x/Ln] >Ldfg\–>LdtLaLr 5nkmnaf6} ;xdltu/fpg ;S5 .

;xdlt x' g g;s] d'2f bfo/ x' g] u/]sf] 5 . cGo kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf h:tf] k| ltjfbLnfO{ kqmfp u/L d'2f bfo/ x' Fb}g . ;hfo klg a9Ldf ^ dlxgf s}b dfqx'G5 . cfly{s jif{ )&!÷)&@ df b]ze/ n}+ lus lx+;fsf cf7 xhf/ b'O{ ;o^* ph'/L k/]sf lyP . )^(÷)&) df Ps xhf/ * ;o ph'/L k/]sfdf )&)÷)&! df ^ xhf/* ;o #% ph'/L k/]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .

df3–@)&@ 15


12/48

lhNNff cbfnt wgs'6fdf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] sl/a 5 dlxgfsf]cjlwdf @% cf]6f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ .

rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷) sf] ;fpg dlxgfb]lv k'; bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd;DaGw ljR5]bsf @% cf]6f d'2f btf{ ePsf] lhNnf cbfnt wgs'6fn] hgfPsf] 5 . btf{ ePsf d'2fdWo] !) cf]6f km};nf eO;s]sf 5g\ eg]afFsL k| lqmofdf /x]sf] lhNnf cbfnt wgs'6fsf >]:t]bf/ e/ts'df/bfxfnn] atfP .

pgsf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df lhNnf cbfnt wgs'6fdf;DaGw ljR5]bsf %& cf]6f d'2f btf{ ePsf lyP . btf{ ePsfdWo] Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf $% j6f d'2f km};nf ePsf lyP eg] afFsL /x]sf !@ cf]6frfn' cfly{s jif{df km};nf ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do lhNnfdf ;DaGw ljR5]b u/fpg] bDklQx?sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] /x]sf] 5 . >Ldfg\ >LdtLaLrsf]em}–emu8fsf sf/0f 3/df Ps cfk;df a:g g;Sg] / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ h:tf sf/0faf6 ;DaGw ljR5]bsf 36gfx? a9]sf] >]:t]bf/ bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .

clwjQmf /fdaxfb'/ clwsf/Ln] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] d'Vo sf/0f j}b]lzs/f]huf/ / sd pd]/df ljjfx ug{] /x]sf] atfP . …ljjfx u/]sf] @÷# dlxgfdf klg ;DaGw ljR5]bsf nflu cbfnt cfpg] u/]sf] pbfx/0f /x]sf]clwsf/Ln] pNn]v u/] . af/ P;f]l;P;g wgs'6fsL ;lrj clwjQmf

lxdfb]jL a:g]t klg kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;DaGw ljR5]bsf 36gfdf j[l4 x' Fb} uPsf] atfpFl5g\ . pgn] >Ldfg\ >LdtLaLr x' g] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] sf/0f dWo] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ klg /x]sf] atfpFb} oL afx]s 3/]n' lx+;f / ul/aLsfsf/0fn] klg ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gfdf j[l4 x' g] u/]sf] pNn]v ul/g\ .

kfl/jfl/s d'2f cGtu{t kg{] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] d'2f df]/ª lhNnfdf

a;{ ]gL a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] b] lvG5 . df]/ª lhNnf cbfntsf] tYofª\ sx]bf{ kfl/jfl/s d'2fcGtu{t kg{ ] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] d'2f btf{sf] :yfgbf];|f] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . cbfntdf btf{ ePsf # cf]6f cfly{s

jif{sf] tYofª\ssf] l:ylt x]bf{ ;a} cfly{s jif{df kfl/jfl/s d'2fcGtu{tsf c+z d'2f, ;DaGw ljR5]b / dfgfrfdnsf d'2f qmdz

klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ .cfly{s jif{ )^(÷ )&) df bfo/ ePsf # xhf/ & ;o $*

d'2fdWo] ! xhf/ $ ;o &@ d'2f kfl/jfl/s k|s[ltsf /x]sf 5g\ . h;df ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f $ ;o $@ / dfgfrfdnsf d'2f !;o ^ cf]6f /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf # ;o #) /

dfgfrfdnsf ^& cf]6f d'2fsf] km5\{of]6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t},cfly{s jif+{ )&)÷)&! df btf{ ePsf s'n $ xhf/ (( d'2fdWo];DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f % ;o $^ btf{ ePsf]df $ ;o & cf]6f

d'2fsf] km};nf ePsf] cbfntn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] cfly{s jif{dfbtf{ ePsf ! ;o @) cf]6f dfgfrfdnsf d'2fdWo] %! cf]6fsf]

km};nf ePsf] cbfntsf] tYofª\sn] b]vfpF5 .To;}u/L cfly{s jif{ )&!÷)&@ df hDdf % xhf/ ! ;o &$

d'2fdWo] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf & ;o ^) / dfgfrfdnsf @ ;o #cf]6f d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ .

kl5Nnf] ;dodf j}b]lzs /f] huf/Lsf sf/0fn] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf];ª\Vof al9/x]sf] hfgsf/x? atfpF5g\ . lhNnf cbfnt df]/ªsf

>]:t]bf/ w| ' j 9sfnsf cg';f/ df]/ªdf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{;Fu ljjfx

u/]sfx?sf] ;DaGw ljR5]b a9L dfqfdf x' g] u/]sf] 5 . pgL eG5g\…kl5Nnf] ;dodf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf sf/0f klg sltkosf] kfl/

jfl/s ;DaGw 6'6]sf] 5 .ÚclwjQmf v8\ uaxfb'/ lg/f}nf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf >Ldfg\ uPkl5

>LdtLdf ePsf] of}g 56k6L sltko cj:yfdf ;DaGw ljR5]b;Dd k' Ug] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] k| lqmof cl3a9fpg ;lhnf] klg ePsf]n] sltkon] >Ldfg\ ljb]zdf x'Fbf g}

k| lqmof z'? ug{] u/]sf x'G5g\ . pgsf] ljZn]if0fdf cfly{s :jtGqtf/ of}g :jtGqtfsf] vf]hLdf ;DaGw ljR5]b x' g] u/]sf] 5 .

clwjQm lgd{nf cof{nsf cg';f/ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] lgj]bg lbg]df w]/} dlxnf g} x'G5g\ . k'?ifn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ rfxFbf

klg sltko cj:yfdf dlxnfn] lgj]bg lbg] u/]sf x'G5g\ . pgsfcg';f/ sltko lgj]bg tftf] l/;nfO{ yfDg g;s]/ klg cfPsfx'G5g\ . To:tf bDkltnfO{ ;DemfOa'emfO u/]/ k7fpg] u/]sf] cof{natfpFl5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/, lkmNd jf cGo ljljw sf/0fn] klZrdf;+:s[ltsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lnPsfx?n] To;}sf] cGwfg's/0f ug{]qmddf ;fgf] 36gf klg ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] lgj]bgsf] sf/0f aGg;S5 . pgLx?nfO{ ;DemfOa'emfO u/]/ ldnfkq u/fPsf 36gf klgw]/} x' g] u/]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . pgL elG5g\, …yf]/} a]d]n x' Fbf klg;xg] afgL x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . s]xL v6k6 x' gf;fy ;DaGw ljR5]bsf]af6f] /f]Hg] u/]sfx? k|foM ;fgf] pd]/df ne Dofl/h ug{]x? b]lvPsf

5g\ .Ú

df3–@)&@ 16


13/48

s'a]tsf] cfjf;Lo sfg"g pNn+3g u/L u}/ sfg"gL?kdf a;f]af; ub}{cfPsf ljb]zL sfdbf/x?nfO{ hl/jfgf lt/]/ cfˆgf] b]zdf kms{g jfb"tfaf;af6 le;f nufP/ s'j]td} a:g kfpg] ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] 5 . s'a]t ;/sf/sf] …l8kf6{ d]G6 ckm /] l;8]G;L clkmo;{Ú n] ut !) hgj/Ldf;"rgf hf/L u/L u}/sfg"gL ?kdf s'a]tdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf sfdbf/n]cfˆgf] kf;kf]6{ jf 6«fen 8s'd]G6sf cfwf/df hl/jfgf lt/L …OlSh6 le;fÚ lng kfpg] Jo:yf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] le;f lnPkl5 g]kfn kms{g kfpg]5g\ . s'a]t ;/sf/n] o:tf] ;" rgf hf/L u/]sf] klxnf] xf]Og . o;cl3 klgp;n] ljb]zL sfdbf/nfO{ o:tf] ljsNk;lxtsf] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] lyof] .t}klg lagfle;f sfd ug]{ cj}wflgs sfdbf/sf] ;d:ofaf6 s'a]t ;/sf/cem};Dd d'Qm x' g g;s]sfn] k'gM o:tf] cj;/ lbPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

s' j]tn] ;g\ @)!^ sf] ;'?jftL lbgdf gofF ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] xf] .s'a]t ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] o:tf] gofF ;"rgfaf6 sl/a $ xhf/ g]kfnLx?n] nfe lng ;Sg] cg' dfg ul/Psf] 5 . s' j]tdf slt g]kfnLn]sfd u5{g\ eGg] olsg tYof+s kfOFb}g . s' j]t ;/sf/sf] cfFsng cg';f/sl/a ^! xhf/ g]kfnLx? ToxfF /x]sf] bfaL 5 . g]kfnL b"tfjf; ;|f]tsfcg';f/ tLdWo] sl/a @$ xhf/ g]kfnLx? s' j]tdf 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ¿kdfsfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .

b"tfjf;sf clwsf/Lx?sf cg';f/ of] s'g} cfd dfkmL xf]Og . /, o:tf] ;"rgfaf6 euf}8f sfdbf/ Pj+ ck/fwdf ;+nUg /x]sf afx]s cGo ljb]zL sfdbf/nfO{ kmfObf g} k' Ug] b]lvPsf] 5 . sDkgL tyf /f]huf/bftfsf]3/af6 efu]sf] egL d'2f jf ph'/L k/]sf -/gj] s]; ePsf_ of cfk/flwsultljlw tyf cGo s;'/df d'2f / ph'/L k/]sf afx]s o;/L sfuhft b]vfP/ g]kfnL sfdbf/n] s' j]tsf ^ :yfgsf uegf]{/]6x?df ;Dks{ ug{' kg]{ g]kfnLb"tfjf;n] hgfPsf] 5 . tL ^ :yfgx?df xjfnL, d'af/s, cn–sfla/,cl;dfx, kmf/jflgof, hx/f / cxdfbL cGtu{tsf le;f sfof{no / ljefu jf cfjf;Lo dfldnf ljefux? 5g\ . ToxfF uP/ g]kfnLx?n] :jb]z kms{gsf nflu PlSh6 le;f lng ;Sg] g]kfnL b"tfjf;n] hgfPsf] 5 .

hl/j fgf slt nfU5 < le;fsf] Dofb ;lsP/ u}/sfg"gL ?kdf al;/x]sf ljb]zL sfdbf/nfO{s'a]t ;/sf/n] hl/jfgf lnP/ :jb]z kms{g lbg] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . o;sfnflu ltg{' kg]{ hl/jfgfsf] b/ k| ltlbg @ s'a]tL lbgf/ /x]sf] 5 . clwstd

z'Ns ^ ;o lbgf/ nfUg] atfOPsf] 5 .

hl/jfgf ltg]{ a]nfdf g} s'a]t 5f8]/ kms{g] ldlt ;/sf/n] tf]lslbg] 5 . /tf]lsPsf] ldltdf ;f] JolQmn] cfˆgf] b]z kmls{O;Sg' kg]{5 . t/, sDkgL jf/f]huf/bftfsf] 3/af6 efu]sf] egL ph'/L k/]sf jf cfk/flws ultljlwdf of cGo s;'/df d'2f jf ph'/L k/]sfx?n] eg] o;/L hl/jfgf lt/]/ :jb]z kms{g] ;' ljwf kfpg] 5}gg\ . cj}wflgs ?kdf s' j]tdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf], euf}8f jf cGo s' g} s];;d]t gnfu]sf], t/ kf;kf]6{ / l;len cfO8Lnufotsf s]xL klg sfuhft gePsf sfdbf/nfO{ klg s'a]t ;/sf/n] ;x' lnotk"0f{ gLlt NofPsf] 5 .To:tf] sfuhft gePsf t/ d'2f dfldnf gnfu]sf sfdbf/n] cfkm"nfO{ kfos kg]{ :yfgsf] cfjf;Lo dfldnf ljefudf uO{ lkm+u/lk|G6 u/fPkl5 k|fKt x' g] sfuhsf ;fydf 6«fen 8s' d]G6;d]t k]z u/L hl/jfgf lt/]kl5

:jb]z kms{g kfpg] 5g\ .km]l/ s'a]td}a:g s]ug]{< ljgfle;f s'a]tdf a:b} cfPsf sfdbf/n] :jb]z gkmls{O{ ToxLF a;]/ j}wflgs ?kdf /f]huf/L u5{' eg]df To;f] ug{ klg kfpg]5g\ . t/, o;/L le;f yk]/ a:g rfxg]x?sf nflu k'/fgf] :kf]G;/ -/f]huf/bftf_ n] …l/lnh k]k/Ú lbPkl5 dfq gofF :kf]G;/n] le;f nufpg ;Sg]5 . ljgfle;f sfdu/]/ hl/jfgf lt/L g]kfn kms]{sf sfdbf/n] km]l/ s' j]t hfg] cg' dlt kfpg]s' j]tl:yt g]kfnL b"tfjf;sL >d ;xrf/L uf]df kf}8]nn] atfOg\ . pgLelG5g\ …d'2f gnfuL kms]{sf sfdbf/x? gofF le;fdf k' gM s' j]t cfpg kfpF5g\ . t/ s' g} d'2f ePsfx? To;/L cfpg kfpFb}gg\ .Ú 9sfnsf cg';f/ hgj/L !) df s' j]t ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] of] ;"rgf

slt ;dosf nflu nfu" x' g] eGg] cjlw tf]lsPsf] 5}g .

df3–@)&@ 17


14/48

;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f kl5Nnf] % jif{ otf XjfQ} a9]sf 5g\ . ;jf]{Rrcbfntsf] tYofª\s cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^$÷)^% df b]ze/sfcbfntdf ^# xhf/ & ;o @! cf]6f d'2f btf{ ePsf]df @ xhf/ & ;o!^ cf]6f d'2f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf lyP . of] ;+Vof To;a]nfsf +s"n d'2fsf] $ bzdnj @^ k| ltzt xf] . @)&)÷)&! Dff eg] s"n ! nfv ( xhf/ # ;o $( d'2f btf{x' Fbf ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f ( xhf/ * ;o !% k'u]sf 5g\ . s"n d'2fsf]t'ngfdf of] * bzdnj (& k| ltzt xf] . ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2fsf] j[l4

b/sf] t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg] @)^$÷)^% b]lv @)&)÷)&! ;Dd cfOk' Ubf@ ;o ^! bzdnj #& k| ltzt a9]sf] b]lvG5 . s"n d'2fsf] ;+Vof &!bzdnj ^) k| ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] cj:yf 5 . @)^$÷)^% dfb]ze/sf lhNnf cbfntx?df ;a} k|sf/sf d'2f ^# xhf/ & ;o @!Yffg btf{ ePsf]df @)&)÷)&! df ! nfv ( xhf/ # ;o $( yfg btf{ePsf lyP .

b]ze/sf cbfntx?df btf{ ePsf ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL d'2fx]g]{ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf a9L sf7df8f}df btf{ x' g] u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{@)&)÷)&! Dff sf7df8f} lhNnf cbfntdf @ xhf/ ! ;o * cf]6f d'2fbtf{ ePsf lyP . ToxfF @)^$ ÷)^% df btf{ ePsf ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] d'2f ;+Vof ^ ;o () lyP eg] @)^!÷)^@ df ! ;o (* cf]6f d'2f

lyP . bz jif{df sf7df8f} lhNnf cbfntdf ;djGw ljR5]bsf d'2f (;o ^% k| ltzt a9]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}+ kl5 ;DaGw ljR5]bsf ;a}eGbf

a9L d'2f btf{ x' g] lhNnf emfkf b]lvPsf] 5 . emfkfdf cfj @)&) ÷)&!Dff & ;o &$ yfg d'2f btf{ ePsf lyP . ;DaGw ljR5]bsf a9L d'2f btf{x' g]dWo] sf:sL t];|f] % ;o $* yfg / df]/ª rf}yf] % ;o $^ yfg 5g\ .

s]Gb| Lo tYofª\s ljefusf] tYofª\sn] klg ;Djgw ljR5]b al9/x]sf]b]vfPsf] 5 . @)@* ;fndf s" n hg;+Vofsf] ;'Go bzdnj @* k| ltztdf;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]df @)%* ;fndf cfOk' Ubf of] k| ltzt ;'Go bzdnj%& k| ltzt k'u]sf] lyof] . @)^* sf] tYofª\sn] of] eg a9]sf] b]vfPsf]5 .

s]Gb| Lo k+ lhs/0f ljefusf] tYofª\ s cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df b]ze/L ! xhf/ # ;o %% cf]6f ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf 36gf btf{ePsf 5g\ . @)^(÷)&) df eg] ! xhf/ ! ;o $ cf]6f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf36gf btf{ ePsf lyP .

;fn @)&! @)&) @)^( @)^* @)^&

;DaGw ljR5]b ;+Vof !#%% !!)$ %%% $)& ##(

; |f] t M s] G b | L o k+ l h s / 0 f l j e f u

df3–@)&@ 18


15/48

clxn] ;DaGwljR5]b a9\g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f j}b]lzs /f]huf/L xf] . dlxnfsf] r]tgf:t/ a9\g' g} ;DaGwljR5]bsf] sf/s dfG5g\ emfkf lhNnfcbfntsf >]:t]bf/ cfrfo{ . …clxn] sf]xL s;}sf] clwgdf a:g rfxFb}gÚ,pgn] eg]– …e"6fgL z/0ffyL{;Fu ljjfx u/]sfx? afWotfn] 5' l§P, t/ kl5Nnf];do rflxF j}b] lzs /f]huf/L ;DaGwljR5]bsf] axfgf eOlbPsf] 5 .Ú

>LdtL 3/df 5f8]/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfFbf dlxnfn] cfly{snfe k|fKt u/] klg zf/Ll/s ;'vaf6 6f9f x'G5g\ . of}g ljt[i0ffs}sf/0f ;DaGwlaR5]b a9]sf] xf] . To;}u/L, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf dlxnf klg of] dfldnfdf sd 5}gg\ . >Ldfg\sf] c? dlxnf;Fu a9]sf] lxdlrdnfO{ ;DaGwljR5]b;Dd ws]Ngdf dlxnf g} cl3 5g\ .

To;}u/L, dlxnf cfTdlge{/ aGb} uPsfn] klg ;DaGwlaR5]b a9]sf]xf] . …cfkmF}Ú ul/vfg] tyf c?sf] bjfjdf ga:g] dlxnf ;dfhdf a9]sf5g\ . 3/]n' lx+;f ;xg'eGbf PSn} ul/vfg' /fd|f] ePsfn] klg klt;Fu dlxnfn] gftf tf]8\g] u/]sf 5g\ .

;]S; Pl8S;g cyf{t\ of}g ;Dks{sf] nt vt/gfs dfgl;s ljs[lt ePsf] j}1flgsx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf ePsf] Pscg';Gwfgn] of] :ki6 ePsf] xf] .

j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ ;]S; Pl8S;g :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s

t 5 g}, o;af6 u|l;t JolQmsf] sl/o/ / ;fdflhs ;DaGw ;d]tajf{b x' g ;S5 .cg';Gwfgstf{n] ;]S;sf dfldnfdf cfkm"dfly lgoGq0f /fVg

g;Sg] JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] / c?sf] hLjg ;d]t aaf{b kfg]{ u/]sf]pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

Soflnkmf]lg{of ljZjljBfnosf] Ps ;d"xn] ut jif{ u/]sf]cg';Gwfgaf6 ;]S; Pl8S;gnfO{ dfgl;s bzfsf ?kdf kl/efliftu/]sf] xf] . cg';Gwfgstf{n] ;]S; Pl8S;gu|:t JolQmsf] nIf0f ;d]tatfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ ;]S; Pl8S;g u|:t JolQm ;]S; km\ofG6f;Ldf d:t eO/xG5 . 5 dlxgf;Dd ;]S; km\ofG6f;Ldf d:tx' g] qmd aGb geP/ p:t} /xG5 eg] pQm JolQm ;]S; Pl8S;gsf] /f]uLePsf] cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] egfO 5 .

cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf cg';f/ ;]S; Pl8S6 JolQm cfkm"nfO{ dfgl;s?kdf tgfju|:t / Jofs'n cg'ej u5{ . tgfjd'St x' gsf nflu ;]S;Pl8S;gu|:t JolQmn] af/Djf/ ;]S; ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

;]S; Pl8S;gsf] /f]uaf6 k| l;4 JolQmx?;d]t plDsg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .cd]l/sfsf ljVoft uNkm v]nf8L 6fOu/ p8\;, xlnp8 :6f/ dfOsn8Un; / a]nfotL cleg]tf /;n a|fG8 s]xL pbfx/0f x' g\ . ;]S; Pl8S;gaf6 u| l;t p8\ ;n] tLg jif{cl3 o;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs?kdf Ifdfofrgf u/]sf lyP . pgn] o;af6 d' lQm kfpg 5 ;ftf;Ddcfkm\gf] pkrf/ u/fPsf lyP . ;]S; :SofG8ns} sf/0f pgsf] kTgL;Fu;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf] lyof] . a]nfotL cleg]tf a|fG8n] klg cfk'mnfO{ ;]S; Pl8S;g ePsf]

:jLsf/]sf 5g\ . To:t} xlnp8 :6f/ 8Un; ;]S; Pl8S;gaf6 5'6sf/f kfpgs} nflu Pl/hf]gfsf] Ps lSnlgsdf egf{ ePsf lyP . cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|f]km];/ //L /L8sf cg';f/ of] cg';Gwfgn];]S;sf] nt nfu]sf dfgl;s /f]uLsf] pkrf/df d2t k'Ug]5 . pgsf]egfOdf ;]S; Pl8S;g u|:t JolQmsf] :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs ;DaGw / hLjgsf dxTjk"{0f kIfdf gsf/fTds c;/ k5{ . dfgl;s pkrf/ s]Gb| df pkrf//t b'O{ ;o ;ft la/fdLsf] cWoogu/]kl5 cg';Gwfgstf{n] o:tf] glthf lgsfn]sf x' g\ . s]Gb| df pkrf//ttL ;a} la/fdL cfkm\gf clgolGqt of} g Jojxf/ / cj;fb h:tf dfgl;s/f]uu|:t lyP . of] cg';Gwfgsf] l/kf]6{ hg{n ckm ;]S;'cn d]l8l;gdf k|sflzt 5 .

k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf ;DaGwljR5]bsf nflu dlxnfnfO{ w]/} ;xh 5 . dlxnfn] rfxFbf h' g;'s} a]nf klg ;DaGw ljR5]bsf nflu lgj]bg lbg;Sg] sfg"gL clwsf/ 5 . Tof] lgj]bg ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g cGtu{trfF8f] km};nf ug' {k5{ . t/, k'?ifn] dlxnf;Fu ;DaGwljR5]b ug' {k/] :yfgLo

lgsfodf lgj]bg lbg'k5{ . >LdtL tLg jif{ 3/ 5f8]/ cnUu} a;] jf

k/k'?if;Fu zf/Ll/s ;DaGw /fv], lgsf] gx' g] u/L dfgl;s ;Gt'ng u' dfP jf csf]{ ljjfx u/] jf afFemf]kg eP dfq k'?ifn] ;DaGwlaR5]b ug{sfnflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] sfg" gL af6f] 5 .

;Dkltdf dlxnf g}dfly n}+lus ;dfgtf P] g @)^# n] dlxnfnfO{ k'?if;/x ;Dkltdf clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . P]gdf 5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{ c+z lbg}kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljjfx u/]sL dlxnfn] kltaf6 5'6\l6P/ a:g rflxg\ eg] h' g;'s} a]nf 5'6\ l6g ;lS5g\ . pgn] c+z;lxt ;DaGwljR5]b ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ 5 .

df3–@)&@ 19


16/48

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf sf/0f Psflt/ kl/jf/ ljv08g x' Fb}5 eg] csf]{ tk{m;f+:s[lts ljrng klg a9\bf] 5 . >Ldfg\ ljb]z uPkl5 PSnf] ag]sL

dlxnfdfly aflx/L JolQmsf] gh/ dfq k/]sf] 5}g sltko cfkmGtn] g} lu4] gh/ nufP/ dlxnfdfly of}g zf]if0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no n]6fªsf Ps h' lgo/ k|x/L clws[t eG5g\

…>Ldfg\ ljb]z ePsf] a]nf >LdtLdfly k/fOsf] dfq x}g cfkmGts} lu4]b[li6 kg{ yfn]sf] kfOg] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] ph'/L v'n]/ k|x/Ldf gcfP klgcg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf 5f]/L a'xf/L 3/ kl/jf/s} sfsf, dfdf, legfh', b]j/, h]7fh' nufotsf cfkmGtaf6 of} g zf] lift x' g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .Ú cfkmGtx?3/df cfpFbf 5/l5d]sLn] z+sf gug]{ ePsfn] klg o:tf ;DaGw a9\g]u/]sf] pgsf] cg' dfg 5 . o;n] ;dfhdf g/fd|f];Fu ;f+:s[lts ljrngal9/x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ dfg ;Ddfg cfb/ / dof{bf x/fP/ hfg yfn]sf]5 . o;nfO{ ;dod} /f]Sg g;s] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf g/fd|f] c;/ kg{ ;Sg]

pgL atfpF5g\ .af/ P;f]l;ozg ;' g;/Lsf cWoIf clwjQmf /fh' 9sfn j}b]lzs

/f]huf/Lsf sf/0fn] ;dfh / kfl/jfl/s ;DaGwdf 7"nf] gsf/fTds c;/ kg' {sf ;fy} ljv08g NofO/x]sf] atfpF5g\ .

csf{ clwjQmf ;' dgrGb| sfsL{ o:tf gfhfoh ;DaGw e]b v'n]kl5x' g] cj:yf kl/jf/, ;dfh / ;DalGwt JolQms} nflu vt/f x' g] u/]sf]atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\ klxnf] >Ldfg\;Fu ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]/ bf];|f] ljjfxu/]sf dlxnfsf] bf];|f] ljjfx bL3{sfnLg gePsf w]/} pbfx/0f kfOG5g\ .pgLx?nfO{ ;dfh / kl/jf/n] ;w}+ z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]g] { ub{5 . o;sf] ce}m ljs/fn c;/ t jRrfx?df kb{5 . ;+ o'Qm kl/jf/sf] cjwf/0fnfO{ 6'6fpF5clg cem} ul/jL / cl:y/tf lgDTofpF5 .

cfˆ\mg} a'xf/Lsf] ue{ pgs} !$ jifL{o 5f]/f;Fusf] ;DaGwaf6a;]sf] atfpg] ;;'/f g} a'xf/Lsf klt 7xl/Psf 5g\ . lhNnf cbfnt:ofª\hfn] ;;'/f ltnaxfb'/ uf]bf/nfO{ lztnLsf klt k| dfl0ft ub}{ dfl;s $ xhf/ / c+z ;d]t lbg] lg0f{o ;' gfPkl5 pgn] Gofo kfPsLx' g\ . cbfntsf] ;f] lg0f{o;Fu} 8]9 jif{b]lv gftf sfod / c+z d'2fn8\b} cfPsL $) jifL{of lztnLnfO{ Gofo ldn]sf] 5 . cbfntsf] lg0f{okl5 pgsf caf]w 5f]/fnfO{ /fxt ldn]sf] 5 . /f]huf/sf nflu

klt ljb]lzPkl5 ;;'/f;Fusf] zf/Ll/s ;DaGwkl5 /x]sf] ue{ ̂ ofFSg;;'/fn] kf]v/f;Dd lnP/ uPsf] klg v'n]sf] 5 . k|x/Ln] lx/f;tdfx' Fbf b' j}n] zf/Ll/s ;DaGw :jLsf/]sf] cj:yfdf lztnLn] PsfPsaofg km]/]/ ue{ cfˆg} !$ jifL{o 5f]/f;Fusf] zf/Ll/s ;DaGwaf6a;]sf] atfPsL lyOg\ . t/, ;f] s'/f k|x/Ln] klg kTofPg . ;;'/fa'xf/Ln] cfkm" x?sf] ;DaGw gsf/L !$ jifL{o 5f]/fnfO{ bf]ifL agfPkl5 jflnªaf;L cfGbf] lnt ePsf lyP . k6s k6s aofg km]/]sL lztnLn]ufpFn]sf] cfGbf]ng / k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfgkl5 ;;'/f;Fusf] of}g;DaGw:jLsfl/g\ . ;'Gg / kTofpg} g;lsg] of] 36gfn] nuftf/ % lbg;Dd jflnª gu/ ttfPsf] lyof] . lvn'ªb]p/fnL uflj;sf ^% jifL{o ltnaxfb'/ uf]bf/sf o;cl3 g} b'O{j6L kTgL 5g\ . of] 36gfkl5 pgLefu]/ a]kQf ePsf 5g\ . Ps jif{cl3 lztnLsf] ue{af6 5f]/Lsf]

hGd ePsf] 5 . t/, 5f]/Lsf] Gjf/fg cem} x' g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljb]zdf/x]sf lztnLsf klttkm{ o;cl3 Ps 5f]/f Ps 5f]/L 5g\ . 5f]/LsIff * df kl9/x]sL 5g\ eg] 5f]/fn] of] jif{ P;Pn;L lbPsf x' g\ . cbfntdf d'2f rn]b]lv ltnaxfb'/ km/f/ ePsf x' g\ . lztnLbfl;{ª bxy' dl:yt Ps 3/df sfd ub}{ gfafns 5f]/L kfNb} a;]sL5g\ …d;Fu wg ;DklQ s]xL 5}g . lbbL l;df sdfrfo{ / clwjQmfxl/ /]UdLn] dnfO{ ;a} h'6fOlbg'eof]Ú, cbfntsf] lg0f{o ;'g]kl5uf]bf/n] elgg\ …;fFRr} cfh Gofonoleq eujfg /x]sf] dx;'; u/]sL5', dnfO{ Gofo ldn]sf] 5 .Ú lztnLnfO{ ;+/If0f lbFb} cfPsL dlxnf g]t[ l;df sdf{rfo{ a'xf/Ldfly of}g zf]if0f ug]{dfly s8f sf/afxLsf] dfu ul5{g\ . …;f]emf;femf 5f]/L a'xf/LnfO{ k|nf]eg / wDsL lbP/ 3/ g 3f6sf ] agfpg]nfO{ s8f sf/afxL x' g' k5{Ú, pgn] elgg\ …lztnL

uf]bf/n] em}F cGo dlxnfn] o:tf] lx+;f ef]Ug' gk/f];\ .

>Ldfg\ jf >LdtL j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPkl5 Psn] csf{nfO{cgfjZos z+sf ug]{, 5/l5d]s jf cfkmGtn] l/;/fun] ;' gfPsf]

kf]nsf] kl5 nfu]/ oyfy{ ga'emL e} meu8f ug]{ k| j[ lQn] klg sltkosf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] l:ylt ag]sf] 5 . h;af6 hLjge/Lsf] nflu kfl/jfl/s ljv08gsf] ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . 5f]/f 5f]/Ldfcfdf a' jfsf] emu8fn] dfgl;s / z}lIfs ljsf;df g/fd|f] c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

dlxnf clwsf/jfbLx?sf cg';f/ w]/} dlxnfx? pgLx?sf]uNtL gx'Fbf klg >Ldfg\sf] cgfjZos ufnL unf}h, s'6lk6/ dfgl;s oftgfsf sf/0f 5'l6\6P/ a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ .cbfntx?df btf{ ePsf sltko ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2fx? Kfl5 ldnfkqdf 6'+lug'df >Ldfg\sf ] cgfjZos cfz+sf / cfj]usf]sf/0fn] x' g] u/]sf 5g\ . d'2f dfldnfdf k6sk6s wfP/ wg vr{

ePkl5 dfq pgLx?sf] xf]; kmls{g] / ldnfkq u/]/ hfg] u/]sf w]/}pbfx/0f d]nldnfk s]Gb|x?df 5g\ . >Ldfg\ n] dfq x}g >LdtLn] klg>Ldfg\ k| lt cgfjZos z+sf u/]/ e}m–emu8f ug]{ sf/0fn] ;DaGw ljR5]b;Ddsf] l:ylt aGg] u/]sfn] cfj]udf cfP/ cg';Gwfg/ ljZn]if0f gu/L eu8f / j}dg:otf a9fpg gx'g] ;fd'bflos dWo:ystf{x?n] ;'emfj lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .

;' g;/L lhNnf cbfntdf klg x/]s jif{ cGo d'2fsf] rfk;Fu};DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f a9\g] u/]sf 5g\ . cbfntsf] tYofª\scg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷)&) df $ ;o $% cf]6f ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f btf{ ePsf]df )&!÷)&@ df % ;o cf]6f d'2fbtf{ ePsf lyP . o; jif{ ce}m a9\g ;Sg] cg' dfg cbfntsf]tYofª\saf6 ug{ ;lsG5 .

;' g;/L lhNnf cbfntdf btf{ ePsf ;DaGw ljR5]bsf d'2f dWo] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] d+l;/ d;fGt;Dd & cf]6f d'2fsf] nfluaf/ P;f]l;o;g cGtu{tsf] sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltn] lgMz'Nssfg"gL ;xfotf lbPsf] 5 . eg] ut cfly{s jif{df !^ cf]6f d'2fdf sfg"gL ;xfotf lbPsf] 5 . lhNnf sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt;' g;/Lsf clwjQmf s[i0f yfkf sfg"gL ;xfotf dfUg cfpg] k|foM

dlxnf g} x' g] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ .

df3–@)&@ 20


17/48

b]zsf] cy{tGqdf lgs} k|}efj kfg]{ ljk]|if0f cfk|jfxnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnLx?sf];+Vof o; jif{ ljut eGbf 36]sf] 5 . j}b] lzs /f]huf/ ljefusf cg';f/ ut jif{sf]t'ngfdf o; jif{ d+l;/ d;fGt;Dd j}b]lzs/f]huf/Lsf nflu clGtd >d :jLs[ lt lnP/ t];|f] d'n's hfg] g]kfnLsf] ;+Vofdf $^ k| ltzt;Ddsld cfPsf] 5 . ljefusf ] tYofª\s cg ';f/ cfly{s jif {@)&!÷)&@ sf] ;fpgdf $@ xhf/ # ;o ( hgfn] clGtd >d :jLs[lt lnPsf]df cfj@)&@÷) df #& xhf/ & ;o %^ hgfn] dfq

clGtd >d :jLs[lt lnP/ ljb]z uPsf 5g\ .t'ngf ubf{ of] cl3Nnf] jif{eGbf !) bzdnj&^ k| ltztn] sd xf] . To:t} @)&! ebf}df %!xhf/ % ;o %! hgf ljb]z uPsf]df @)&@ ebf}df $) xhf/ @ ;o&% hgfdfq uPsf 5g\ .

@)&! eGbf )&@ sf] ;+Vof @! bzdnj *& k| ltztn] sd xf] .c;f]h dlxgfdf cl3Nnf] jif{ / o; jif{ vf;} km/s gk/]klg sflt{s dlxgfsf] ;+Vof $^ bzdnj ^# k| ltztn] sd 5 . @)&! sflt{sdf$# xhf/ @ ;o !# hgf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf]df @)&@ df @#xhf/ ^! hgfdfq} uPsf lyP . @)&! ;Fu t'ngf ubf{ )&@ df $^

bzdnj ^# k| ltztn] sdL cfPsf] xf] .@)&! d+l;/df %# xhf/ # ;o %$ hgf j}b] lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf]df @)&@ d+l;/df@* bzdnj !@ k| ltztn] sd #* xhf/# ;o %) hgf dfq j}b]lzs /f]huf/LdfuPsf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . /f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnLsf] ;+Vofcfly{s jif{ @)&@÷ sf] kfFr dlxgfdf

ut jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf cf};t@@ bzdnj ^ k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 .cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] ;+ Vof@* bzdnj ^ k| ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf ljk| ]if0f cfk| jfx !(=$ k| ltztsf] pNn]Vo b/n] j[l4 x' g' afx\ o If]qsf] kfFrf} ljz]iftf /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] klxnf] kfFr dlxgfdf ljk| ]if0f cfk| jfx @=& k| ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ljk| ]if0f cfk|jfxdf ePsf] pRr j[l4sf sf/0f v'b 6«fG;km/ cfo @@ k| ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= #!% ca{ %) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] kfFr dlxgfdf o:tf] cfo !=# k| ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] .

dl xgf÷ai f{ @)& !÷@)&@ @)&@÷@)

; fpg 42309 37756

eb f} 51551 40275

c; f]h 35550 35484

s fl Qs 43213 23061

d+l ;/ 53354 38350

h D d f 225977 174926

df3–@)&@ 21


18/48

Hf}ljs cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf] ;jfnn] kl5Nnf ;do ;DaGw

ljR5]bsf ;d:of j9L /x]sf] 5 . h}ljs cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu ljsNk vf]Hg] qmd a9\g' / Tof] j}slNks ;DaGw kl/jf/ / >Ldfg>LdtLn] yfxf kfpg] cj:yf ePkl5 Tof] clGtddf ;DaGw ljR5]b eP/ 6+' lug] ub{5g\ . csf{lt/ ;dfh :jR5Gbtfjfb tkm{ pGd'vx' g yfn]sf] 5 . Psn] csf{sf] cg';fzgdf a:g grfxg] / :jtGqx' g vf]Hg] dfgl;stfn] klg ;DaGw ljR5]bnfO{ a9fPsf] 5 .

clxn] /f]huf/Lsf nflu w]/} dflg; ljb]z uO{ /x]sf 5g\ . oxLF/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ k|fKt x' g] xf] eg] of] ;d:of w]/} xb;Dd 36\g;S5 gq h}ljs cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu klg ljjfx]Q/ ;DaGwa9\g] / To;n] clGtddf k'/fgf] of}g ;fyL;Fu 6f9f u/fpg] ;d:ofGo"gLs/0f x' g ufx|f] 5 .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ k|a4{g ubf{ To;af6 x' g] ;fdflhs / kfl/ jfl/s c;/af/] cWoog gul/Fbf ;d:of a9\bf] 5 .

cfw' lgstf;Fu} lxGb' ;+:sf/ leqsf] ;f+:s[lts ;DaGww/f;foL x' Fb}5 . ;]Nkm nfOkmsf] k/Dk/fn] ;Eotf, lzi6tf,;d[l4 / ljj]s ;a}nfO{ 6'6fO /x]sf] 5 . sfg"gsf] k|a4{g /

To;af6 x' g] lgsf; ;xh 5}g . JolQmut :jtGqtf / ;DaGw ljR5]bkl5 x' g] ;dfhsf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg x' g h?/L 5 .

df3–@)&@ 22


19/48

:yfgLo ljsf;

ut sflt{ s @# ut] b] lv a] naf/L gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{ sf/L clws[ tsf] sfo{ ef/ ;Dxfn] sf gu/

kflnsfsf t] ;| f] sfo{ sf/L clws[ t xf] dk| ;fb kf} 8] n;F u a] naf/L gu/kflnsfsf] ljljw kIfsf] af/] df v] drGb| clwsf/Ln] u/] sf] jftf{ sf] ;Dkflbt c+z M

hgk|ltlglwgx'Fbf sfd ug{ufx|f]j f; lhnf]s:tf]5 < hgk| ltlglw gx' Fbf sfd ug{ ufx|f] 5 . hgtfsfck]Iff w]/} x' g] clg ;fwg ;|f]t ;Lldt x' g] x' gfn];d:of 5 . Toltdfq} xf]Og ljsf;nfO{ 7f]; ultdfcl3 lnP/ hfg' kg{] cj:yfdf hgk| ltlglw gx' Fbf ljsf;sf of]hgf k|fyldstfsf] qmddf cfpg

;s]sf 5}gg\ .

gu/nfO{cfly{s ?kn];DkGg agfpg s]ug'{h?/Lb]Vg'x'G5 < oxfF ko{6gsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf 5 . o;nfO{ ko{6sLo gu/Lsf ] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .a]naf/LnfO{ ko{6sLo gu/Lsf] ?kdf ljsf;ug{] eg]/ xfdLn] kl/ifbaf6 g} lg0f{o u/]sf 5fF} .a]tgf l;d;f/, wgkfn u9L, /ldt] 8fF8f oxfFsf ko{6sLo :yn x' g\ . hftLo ;ª\u|xfno agfpg

klg ah]6 5'6\ofPsf 5fF} . xl/ofnL ko{6sLo gu/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{] ;lsg] ;Defjgf k|z:t/x]sf] 5 .

wgkfn u9Lsf]lj z]iftf atfOlbg'xf]; \g .wgkfn /fhfsf] kfnfb]lvsf k'/ftflTjs j:t' wgkfn u9Ldf

kfOG5 . To;a]nfsf kf]v/L, 3/ cflb ;+/rgfsf] eUgfjz]if ToxfF/x]sf] 5 . pTvgg ubf{ P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbf e]l6g] ;Defjgf w]/}ePsf]n] To;sf] ;+/If0f ug' { h?/L 5 .

a]naf/Lsf]w]/}If]q j gn]9fs]sf]5 . j gsf sf/0f

gu/sf]lj sf; ug{;Defj gf j f r'gf}lt s'g a9L/x]sf]5 < jgsf sf/0f ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf cem a9L 5 . jgleq} kfs{ lgdf{0f ug{] xfd|f] of]hgf 5 . ;x/sf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ yKg xl/ofnL jgsf]pkof]u ug{] gLlt /x]sf] 5 .

o;}cfly{s j if{b]lv klxnf]k6s PsLs[t ;Dklt s/ nfu"ug'{ePsf]5, xfn;Ddsf]kl/0ffd s:tf]kfpg'ePsf]5 < PsLs[t ;Dklt s/nfO{ ;a}n] /fd|f] ¿kdf lng'ePsf] 5 . s/ ltg' { ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] / s/ lt/]df dfq ljsf; x'G5 eGg] wf/0ff gu/jf;Ldf /x]sf] 5 . PsLs[t ;Dklt s/ $% nfv ?k}ofF p7\g]cg' dfg ul/Psf]df ̂ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf !) nfv ?k}ofF p7]sf] 5 .cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf dfq} s/ ltg{] afgL /x]sfn] ck]lIft /sd

p7\g]df ljZj:t 5' .gofFgu/kflnsfsf ; d:of s]/x]sf 5g\<

gu/kflnsfdf w]/} ;d:of 5g\ . gu/kflnsf ePkl5 ljsf; eOxfN5eGg] gu/jf;Ln] 7fg]sf x'G5g\ t/ To:tf] x' g ;s]sf] 5}g . /fhgLltsbn, gful/s ;dfh, ;+3;+:yf / nlIft ju{sf] ;xeflutfdf k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljsf;sf of]hgfx¿ 5gf]6 eO/x]sf 5g\ .

eGg'kg{]s]xLs'/f 5'6]ls < ahf/sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ljleGg ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f ug{]sfd ePsf] 5 . gu/kflnsf xfd|f] xf] eGg] wf/0ff ;a}df cfcf];\ /

ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf ;a} ;xefuL xf]pmg\ eGg] ck]Iff ub{5' .

a]naf/L gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t xf]dk|;fb kf}8]nn]cfly{s jif{ )÷)&$ sf] nflu ^ s/f]8 *) nfv (@ xhf/?k}ofFsf] jflif{s cfo Joo k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

sfo{qmddf pTs[i6 sd{rf/L ;xfos OlGhlgo/ ;'zLn ;'j]bL, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ b]j/fh /fO{ / sfof{no ;xfos cd/axfb'/ lwdfnnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

df3–@)&@ 23


20/48

k"0f{ vf]k ;' lglZrt ePsf] df]/ªsf] klxnf] gu/kflnsf ;'Gb/ b'nf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ @)÷&$ sf] nflu jflif{s gu/ ljsf; of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;' j0f{ l3ld/]n] cfufdL cfly{s

jif{sf nflu ̂ s/f]8 (& nfv ?k}ofFsf] cg' dflgt ah]6;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP .sfo{qmddf df]/ª If]q gDa/ * sf ;ef;b rGb|axfb'/u'?ªn] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf Odfgbfl/tfsf] vfFrf]x' g] atfP .b'nf/L uflj;sf k"j{ cWoIf ch'{g/fh clwsf/Ln]bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;s] ;d[4 gu/sf]?kdf ;'Gb/b'nf/L :yflkt x' g] atfP . hgd' lQm kf6L{sfpkfWoIf k'/gs' df/ /fO{n] ;o jif{kl5 klg sfd nfUg] u/L

k"jf{wf/ agfpg]tkm{ ;a} nfUg' kg{] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . gu/kflnsfsf] pQ/L laGb' / blIf0fL laGb'sf afl;GbfnfO{ klg;dfg ?kdf ;d]6] dfq} ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff ;kmn x' g] df jQmfx¿sf] hf]8 lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;+:yf tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfsfsd{rf/LnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pTs[i6 sd{rf/Lsf] ;Ddfg gu/kflnsfsf gfoa ;'Aaf /jLGb|s[i0f >]i7 / sfof{no ;xof]uLaG7f rf}w/Ln] kfPsf lyP . pTs[i6 s/bftfsf] ;Ddfg h'lk6/

Oª\ln; af]l8{ª :s'n ;'Gb/b'nf/L * nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . df]/ª ;' grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 OGb| k'/ zfvfsf] cWoIfdf clgnsfkm\ n] 5flgPsf 5g\ . ;+3sf] bf];|f] clwj]zgn] b'O{ jif{] sfo{sfnsf]nflu sfkm\n]nfO{ rog u/]sf] xf] .

clwj]zgn] rt/fgGb uhd]/nfO{ pkfWoIf, eLd /;fOnLnfO{;lrj, u0f]z lg/f}nfnfO{ ;x;lrj / z+s/ a/fOnLnfO{ sf]iffWoIfdfrog u/]sf] 5 . !! ;b:oLo sfo{;ldltdf afa'/fd a'9fyf]sL, ;' dguhd]/, vu]Gb| kf]v/]n, uf]ljGb clwsf/L, lbks e08f/L / /fh]Gb| bfxfn ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .

emfkfsf] bdsdf d'Vo sfof{no /x]sf] sGsfO ljsf; a}+sn] df]/ªsf] sf];L x/}Frf ! vf];f{g]df gjf}+ zfvf vf]n]sf] 5 .

zfvfsf] pb\3f6g a}+s ;~rfng ;ldltsf tTsfnLg cWoIf dfwjk|;fb k/fh'nLn] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf ;~rfns,z]o/wgL tyf :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

a}+ ssf] cGo zfvfaf6 k|bfg x' g] ;a} ;' ljwfx¿ vf];f{g] zfvfaf6 klg lbOg] zfvf k|aGws pd]z l3ld/]n] atfP . a}+ssf] emfkf, df]/ª/ Onfd sfo{If]q /x]sf] 5 .

Og?jf gu/kflnsfn] @@ cf}+ gu/ kl/ifb\ dfkm{t cfly{s jif{).)&$sf nflu ah]6 gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

gu/kflnsfn] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf nflu !! s/f]8 && nfv ̂ %xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] cg' dflgt ah]6 ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . kl/ifb\n] cf=j ).)&$df uf}/jzfnL of]hgf cGt{ut lgdf{0ffwLg gofF a;kfs{ ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg / k'/fgf] h]n lkmN8df v]n d}bfg lgdf{0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] hgfPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfn] gu/sf ;du| ljsf;d'vL of]hgfx? k|fyldstfsfcfwf/df ;+rfngdf Nofpg] hgfPsf] 5 . l;6L xn, ;8s rf}8f,vfg]kfgL, xl/ofnL gu/ h:tf of]hgfnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ of]hgf cGt{utcl3 a9fpg] gu/kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

– gu/If]qdf x'g]3/, 6x/f, sDkf0p8 jfn, clkm; tyf pBf]u sn sf/vfgf ej gsf]gS; f kf; u/]/ dfq lgdf{0f u/f}+.– gu/kflnsfnfO{ltg'{kg]{;a}k|sf/sf s/ ;dod}a'emfcf}+/ hl/ j fgfaf6 arf}+.– :j R5, ; kmf / xl/t gu/Lcleofg ;kmn kfg{x/]s 3/sf]cuf8Lj [If/f]k0f u/f}+.– ;8sdf lgdf{0f ; fdfu|Lg/fvf}+.– ;8s cltqmd0f u/L3/ 6x/f gagfcf}+. ;8sdf rf}kfo 5f8f g5f8f}+.– hGd, d[ To", lj j fx, a; fOF; /fOF, ;DaGwljR5]b nufotsf JolQmut 36gf #%lbg leq}btf{u/fcf}+.– Ps 3/ Ps rkL{cleofgnfO{;kmn agfpg ;a}3/df rkL{lgdf{0f u/f}+.

– 3/af6 lg:sg]kmf]xf]/ s'lxg]/ gs'lxg]5'6\ofO{gu/kflnsfsf]kmf]xf]/ j fxfgdf lbg]u/f}+.

sf];Lx/}rf gu/kflnsfsf] cg'/f]w

df3–@)&@ 24


21/48 df3–@)&@ 25


22/48 df3–@)&@ 26


23/48

@)^^ df @% hgfn] ^) xhf/ ?k}ofF z]o/ k"FhL hDdf u/L:yflkt pHofnf] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf O6x/L @ df xfn*^ hgf dlxnf;lxt @ ;o $ hgf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . xfn;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhL !^ nfv &! xhf/ ! ;o /x]sf] ;+:yfn]cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf #( nfv *( xhf/ ?k}ofFC0f nufgL u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

ljleGg ^ k|sf/sf art ;' ljwf /x]sf] ;+:yfdf art stf{n]* b]lv ( k| | ltzt;Dd Aofh kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

;+:yfdf ut cfly{s jif{df @$ nfv #% xhf/ ?k}ofF lgIf]k;ª\sng ePsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf t]hk|;fb ;' j]bLn]atfP .

;fsf];sf] pTs[i6 ;]jf tyf ;'/Iffsf nflu ;jf{]Qd 5gf]6cyf{t\ PS;]; a|f08 k|fKt u/]sf] ls;fg sNof0f art tyf C0f;xsf/L ;+:yf O6x/L !& n] ljleGg #! zLif{sdf art ;ª\sngug{] u/]sf] 5 .

ljleGg !# zLif{sdf C0f nufgL ug{] u/]sf] ;+ :yfn] ut c;f/

d;fGt ;Dddf @% s/f]8 & nfv %# xhf/ % ;o &% ?k}ofF C0fnufgL u/]sf] lyof] . ;+:yf ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;lrj g/]Gb|s' df/>]i7sf cg';f/ @) s/f]8 ^) nfv &*xhf/ ?k}ofF C0f c;'nLu/]sf] ;+:yfdf efvf gf3]sf] C0f $^ nfv *$ xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf]5 .

ut cfly{s jif{df tLh ljz]if, Ob ljz]if, lqm;d; ljz]if / lhltof ljz]if, >lds dlxnf lbj; ;f+ :s[ lts sfo{qmd u/]sf] o;;+:yfsf] cjnf]sgsf] nflu pkTosfsf] eQmk'/ tyf klZrdtkm{?kGb]xL ;Ddsf u/L !* j6f ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf k| ltlglwn];+:yfsf] cGt/;xsf/L cjnf]sg e| d0f u/]sf] ;+:yfn] hgfPsf]5 .

# xhf/ $ ;o *@ hgf dlxnf / @ xhf/ !% hgf k'?if u/Ls'n % xhf/ $ ;o (& hgf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf] o; ;+:yfdf!% s/f]8 @! nfv * xhf/ ?k}ofF lgIf]k ;ª\sng ePsf] / z]o/;b:ox?df !( s/f]8 $ nfv *) xhf/ ?k}ofF C0f nufgL ePsf];+:yfsf] !$ cfF} jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf hgfOPsf] 5 . ;+:yfaf6;a}eGbf sd z} lIfs Joj;flos C0f zLif{sdf % hgfn] / ;a}eGbfa9L Joj;flos C0f zLif{sdf $ ;o ^^ ;b:on] shf{ lnPsf];+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df # s/f]8 & nfv *@ xhf/ & ;o*% ?k}ofF cfDbfgL u/]s]f / vr{ s6fP/ %) nfv !$ xhf/ ?k}ofF

art u/]sf] ;+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

)^* b] lv PS;]; a|f08 -;fsf];sf] pTs[i6 ;]jf tyf ;'/Iffsf

nflu ;jf{]Qd 5gf]6_ k|fKt u/]sf] /dfOnf] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L;+:yf ao/jg * df]/ªdf ! xhf/ * ;o ^& hgf dlxnf / !xhf/ %( hgf k'?if u/L @ xhf/ ( ;o @^ hgf z]o/ ;b:o/x]sf 5g\ .

@ s/f]8 !( nfv %! xhf/ ?k}ofF z]o/ k"FhL /x]sf] ;+:yfdf ljleGg !! zLif{sdf art ug{ ;lsg] ;+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

ut cfly{s jif{df ( s/f]8 @) nfv %@ xhf/ ?k}ofF lgIf]k ;ª\sng u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] @@ cfF} ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|:t't k| ltj]bg cg';f/ ut cfly{s jif{df ;+:yfn] ̂ ! nfv @) xhf/%( ?k}ofF v'b gfkmf sdfPsf] 5 .

@)^^ b]lv PDa'n]G; ;] jf ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] ;+:yfn] ut

cfly{s jif{df hDdf ^ ;o !* hgf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;]jf lbPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . &% jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf z]o/ ;b:onfO{ dfl;s! ;o ?k}ofF eQf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] ;+:yfaf6 xfn !% hgfn] To:tf] ;' ljwf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . ljleGg * cf]6f ;+:yfsf];xsfo{df ljleGg zLif{sdf sfd ul//x]sf] ;+:yfn] lzIff, tflnduf]i7L / ;xsf/L k':tsfnosf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;lsPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .

clwstd @) nfv ?k}ofF;Dd C0f nufgL ug{] gLlt lnPsf];+ :yfn] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] eGbf !& bzdnj *& k| ltztn] j[l4 u/L cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df !! s/f]8 $( nfv !)xhf/ ?k}ofF C0f nufgL u/]sf] lyof] .

!$ k|sf/sf artsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;+:yfn] artdf ̂ b]lv!# k| ltzt;Dd Aofh lbg] u/]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df ^!nfv @) xhf/ %( ?k}ofF art u/]sf] ;+:yfn] lqjifL{o of]hgfagfO{ jf;nft #@ s/f]8, z]o/ # s/f]8, art @@ s/f]8 *)nfv, C0f nufgL @% s/f]8, / art ! s/f]8 $* nfv !%xhf/ k' ¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

@)%^ ;fndf :yflkt ;'s'gf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf];Lx/}Frfn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6 z]o/ k"FhLsf] /sdaf6cfwfeGbf a9L /sd z]o/ ;b:osf] artdf ;f/]sfn] z] o/ k"FhL 36\g k'u]sf] 5 . o;cl3 @ s/f]8 ̂ $ nfv $ xhf/ ?k}ofF z]o/ k"FhL /x]sf];f] ;+:yfsf] ! s/f]8 ^! nfv ?k}ofF arttkm{ ;fl/Psfn] ca ;f];+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhL ! s/f]8 # nfv $ xhf/ dfq /x]sf] 5 . To:t}cfly{s jif{ )&) )&! sf] eGbf % nfv &! xhf/ ?k}ofF sd cyf{t\^& xhf/ #( ?k}ofF dfq z'4 art ePsf] ;+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 . jf;nftsf] cfwf/df df]/ªsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfdWo] bf];|f] 7"nf] /x]sf] ;f];+:yfsf cWoIf 6Lsfk|;fb s6\6]nsf cg';f/ ;+:yfn] ut cfly{s jif{df !$ s/f]8 !@ nfv *^ xhf/ ?k}ofF lgIf]k k' ¥ofPsf] 5 . To:t};+:yfn] ut cfly{s jif{df !@ s/f]8 $* nfv $# xhf/ ?k}ofF

C0f nufgL u/]sf] 5 .

df3–@)&@ 27


24/48

uf]7ufpF art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;'Gb/b'nf/Lsf] b;f}F jflif{s;fwf/0f ;efn] ;dfg k|s[ltsf cGo ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu PsLs/0f ug{]clwsf/ ;~rfng ;ldltnfO{ lbPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] klxrfg gu'Dg] u/Lsfo{If]qleq kg{] ;dfg k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu PsLs/0f ug{] ;+:yfsf

cWoIf k' ik cfrfo{n] atfP . ^( hgf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf] ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k"FhL % nfv &( xhf/ ?k} ofF/ lgIf]k !* nfv ** xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf] jflif{s k| ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .

;'Gb/b'nf/L ! df /x]sf] sfblDagL s[ lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]] t];|f] jflif{s;fwf/0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;xsf/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] w]/} s/ nufPsfn] lhNnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+ 3dfkm{t\ d'2f xfn]sf] lhNnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 df]/ªsf ;lrj /jLGb| cfrfo{n]sfo{qmddf atfP . ;xsf/Lsf] @) k| ltzteGbf a9L gfkmf /fHon] vf];]sf] pgsf] egfO lyof] .

;+:yfsf cWoIf s' df/ bfxfnn] ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k| ltj]bg / clDasf;fksf]6fn] n]vf k| ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;+:yfdf &$ z] o/ ;b:osf]# nfv ^! xhf/ z] o/ k"FhL /x]sf] 5 .

;' g;/Lsf] b'xjLl:yt Cl4l;l4 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] ] cfk\mgf]5}7f}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df /Qmbfg sfo{qmd cfof]hgf uof]{ . ;+:yfsf] lgodlt jflif{s sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;+:Yffsf cWoIf /fds'df/ kf7ssf ]cWoIftfdf ePsf] /Qmbfg sfo{qmddf %% lk06 /ut ;+sng ePsf] lyof ] . g]kfn /]8qm; zfvf lj/f6gu/af6 cfPsf] /Qm ;+sng 6f]nLn] /ut ;+ sngu/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg pkfWoIf ;/f]hs' df/ l;+xn] u/]sf lyP .

v'nf /Qmbfg sfo{qmddf ;xsf/Lsf ;b:o, kbflwsf/Lx?sf ;fy} ljleGg ;+ 3 ;+ :yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;+ :Yffsf Joj:yfks lzjgf/fo0f p/fFjn] hfgsf/L lbP .

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf s]zj a8fnn] ;xsf/L P]gsf] ljifodf dGqfno / ;xsf/L ;+:yfaLr ;femf laGb' aGg g;s]sfn] gofF P]g cfpg l9nf] ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 df]/ªsf] @# cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efnfO{;Daf]wg ub{} cWoIf a8fnn] ;xsf/Ln] dfgj hLjgsf ofjt If]qdfsfd ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ o'/f]kdf ;dfhjfb:yfkgf ePsf], bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 hlGdPsf] Oh/fonn] ;xsf/Ldfkm{t\ g} k|ult u/]sf] pbfx/0f lbb} Oh/fondf % k| ltzt hgtfn] v]tL u/] klg^% k| ltzt pTkfbg lgof{t ug{] u/]sf] atfP .

To:t} /fli6«o ;xsf/L a} +ssf cWoIf /d]z kf]v/]nn] kF" hL ;ª\sngsf

lx;fan] ;xsf/Ln] Pp6f prfO kfPsf] atfP . ;xsf/Ld}qL s/sf] nflusfd ul//x]sf] atfpFb} pgn] pTkfbgd'vL sfo{qmd Nofpg / dlxnf;zlQms/0fdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg 7'nf] /x]sf] pNn]v u/] .

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf ;~rfns lzjs' df/ 8fFuLn] ;xsf/L eg]sf]art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug{] h:tf] dfq} b]lvP klg ;dfhjfbtkm{ hfg ;xsf/Ln] g} d2t ug{] atfP . lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 emfkfsf cWoIfxl/r/0f aflgofFn] tLg vDa] cy{gLltdf ;xsf/LnfO+ { ;d]6] klg g]kfnsf];xsf/L If]q k5fl8 k/]sf] u' gf;f] u/] .

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ªsf k| d'v lbnz]/ /fO{n] cfoft k| lt:yfkgdf s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf pNn]vgLo x' g] atfP eg] lhNnf;xsf/L ;+3 ;' g;/Lsf ;lrj g/]z Ojf/dn] ;xsf/L If]qnfO+{ a'em]sf] dfG5] ;xsf/L dGqfnodf ePdfq ;xsf/L If]qn] ljsf; ug{ ;sg] bfjLu/] . s[lif ;fdu| L sDkgL lj/f6gu/sf k| d'v chos'df/ >Ljf:tjn];xsf/Ldfkm{t\ s[lif ;fdu| L vl/b ul/g' ;x|fgLo ePsf] atfpFb} ! ;o $(cf]6f ;xsf/L sDkgL;Fu cfa4 ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP .

g] km\ :s' gsf ;~rfns tf/faxfb'/ sfkm\ n]n] s/sf] af/]df k' gd"{Nofª\sgx' g' kg{] atfpFb} gofF ;+ljwfgcg';f/ ;xsf/Lsf] txut ;+/rgf s:tf] x' g]eGg] af/]df klg k| i6 gePsf] atfP . lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 df]/ªsf cWoIf xl/ ;' j]bLn] cfTdlge{/tfsf nflu ;xsf/L If]qn] sfdul//x]sf] atfpFb} ;xsf/L d}qL P] g cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] pNn]vu/] .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+ 3sf ;Nnfxsf/ /fdrGb| uf}tdn] ef/t tyf rLgdf ljkt Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf ePsf] atfP . g]kfncl86;{ P;f]l;o;g -c8fg_sf k|yd pkfWoIf df]xgs'df/ ;'j]bLn];xsf/L P]g, cfos/ P]g cflb ;+zf]wgsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf / tL P]g

;+zf]wgkl5 ;xsf/Ln] km8\ sf] dfg{] atfP . sfo{qmddf k'/fgf ;xsf/LsdL{ k/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

z'enfe art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf O6x/Ln] ut cfly{s jif{df nIoeGbf %$ nfv ** xhf/ ?k}ofF a9L z]o/ k"FhL yku/]sf] 5 . pQm k"FhL ylkPkl5 @ s/f]8 %$ nfv ?k}ofF z]o/

k"FhL agfPsf]] ;+:yfsf] clws[t k"FhL ^ s/f]8 @% nfv ?k}ofF/x]sf]5 .

;+:yfsf] ;ftf}F jflif{s jflif{s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 cg' dlt lnO{ clws[t z]o/ k"FhL a9fOPsf] xf] .

^ s/f]8 !) nfv ?k}ofF lgIf]k / ! s/f]8 %^ nfv hu]8fsf]if /x]sf] ;+:yfn] ljleGg !) zLif{sdf C0f nufgL ug{ ] u/]s]f5 . Jofkfl/s shf{df ;a}eGbf a9L -$) k|ltzt_ nufgLu/]sf] ;+:yfn] !@ b]]lv !* k| ltzt Aofhdf C0f lbg] u/]s]f hgfOPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;+:yfn] dlg 6«fG;km/sf] ;]jf klg lbO/x]sf] k| ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .

df3–@)&@ 28


25/48

s'g} lglZrt e"uf]ndf a:g] dflg;n] cfkm"n] ub{} cfPsf] sfddfcfkm"h:t} cGo l5d]sL jf z'elrGtsaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt u/L ;f] sfdnfO{;xh} ;DkGg ubf{ Psflt/ sfd k'/f eO{ nfe k|fKt ug' { csf{lt/ kf/:kl/s;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg x' g' h:tf lxtsf/L kIfnfO{ ;xsf/L -;xsfo{_ ;Fu hf]8]/ cleofgsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOof] . kd{, wd{ esf/L, ;femf x' Fb}cfh ;f] cleofg ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . vf;u/L/fli6«o ;xsf/L P]g @)$( hf/L ePkl5 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? b| 't ultsf ;fy:yfkgf ePsf 5g\ .

;xsf/L l;4fGt tyf Jojxf/tM /fd|f] cleofg xf] . cem *) k| ltzteGbf a9L u|fdL0f If]q ePsf] xfd|f] b]z hxfF ;/sf/L tyf lghL ljQLo ;+:yf gx' Fbf To; If]qdf a;f]af; ug{] / Joj;fo ug{ rfxg] OndL dflg;nfO{ 6]jf lbg] sfd ;xsf/L dfkm{t x' Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfh ;xsf/L

cleofg dfkm{t\ g]kfnsf] 7"nf] hg;ª\Vof uf]na4 eP/ art ug{] ;f]rsf] ljsf; ug' {sf ;fy} ljljw shf{sf dfWodaf6 /f]huf/Lsf] ljsf; ePsf]5 . pTkfbgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] 5 / ;du| /fli6«o cy{tGqd} k|efj k/]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ /fHo klg ;xsf/L, ;/sf/L / lghL u/L tLg vDa]/fli6«o cy{tGq eGg ljjz ag]sf] 5 . lg/If/ a'9L cfdf x' g\ jf lxhf]s' g} klg ;d"x, ;+:yfdf cfa4 geO{ k5fl8 kfl/Psf hfltsf dflg; x' g\;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ;ª\ ul7t eO{ ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;xsfo{df ;dfj]zePsf 5g\ h' g\ ;dfh ljsf;sf nflu rfgr' g] s'/f xf]Og . o; cy{dfxfd|f] h:tf] cNkljsl;t b]zdf t ;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts cleofgsf] sf]z]9' ª\uf g} dfGg' k5{ .

;xsf/L cleofg /fd|f] x' Fbfx' Fb} klg ;}4flGts, gLltut, Jojxfl/s jf

cg'udgsf sf/0fn] ljljw ;d:of b]lvPsf 5g\ . of] n]v tL ;d:ofdWo]Hofb} ;fgf] tyf lgtfGt hl6n ag]sf] kIf ;/sf/åf/f ;xsf/L lqmofsnfkdf ha/h:tL nfu" u/]sf] s/ gLlt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

s/ /fHosf] lgoldt cfDbfgL xf] / vr{ ug{ ;Sg] cfwf/ xf] . cfkm\gf];|f]t j[l4 u/L hgtfnfO{ ljsf; / Gofo lbg s/ lng' :jefljs xf] t/s/ ljifo / k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df slt hfoh jf gfhfoh xf] eGg] kIfdf;/sf/n] Wofg k' ¥ofpg} k5{ . 7" nf7" nf cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug{] JolQm, Joj;fos/d'Qm x' g] / ufpFdf ufF; sf6]/ dfl;s ?kdf cfgf;'sL u/L hDdf u/]sf]art /sddf s/ lng' slt Goflos / dfgjLo kIf xf] Wofg k' Ug h?/L5 . csf{] kf6f] s/ cg' lrt eP ;f]sf] af/]df ;fj{hlgs ax; ug' {, ;/sf/ jf lgsfo ;dIf sfg ' gL ?kdf lj/f]w hgfpg', cfd ;xsf/LaLr ;femf

wf/0ff agfO{ ;/sf/nfO{ ljjz kfg' {h:tf ;xh / sfg' gL pkfo klg 5g\ .cfh ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf a:g] dflg;x? olt ug{ ;Ifd5g\ . tyflk Tof] kf6f] ;fdfGo jQmJo jf efif0fdf dfq JoQm ePsf] 5 /clwsf+ zn] cfTd;ft u/]sf] kIf xf] s/ 5Ng' . 5Ng', 9fF6\g', 7Ug', rf] g' { To:tf]sd{ xf] h' g ;DalGwt lgsfon] cg'udg u/]/ kQf nfUbf t ug{]n] ;hfo kfpnf cGoyf Tof] sd{ b]lv/xg]n] ck|ToIf ?kdf ;hfo ef] Ug' kbf{]/x]5 .

cfh ufpF3/df v'n]sf ;xsf/LdWo] s' g} ;xsf/L 5Ng], 7Ug] / df]6fpg]clg s' g} ;xsf/L To;sf] dfgl;s ;hfo ef]Ug] cj:yfdf 5g\ . cyf{t\ l;wf eGg] xf] eg] cfh w]/}h;f] dflg; PseGbf a9L ;xsf/L ;+:yfsfz]o/ ;b:o 5g\ . p;sf] …sÚ gfdsf] ;xsf/Ln] p;nfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efsf]eQf -vfhf, oftfoft h] eg] klg ;f/df eQf g} xf]_, Aofhdf, nfef+zdfs/ sf6]/ lbG5 . gfkmfdf klg lgodfg';f/ nfUg] cfos/ s66f u/]sf] x'G5 .clg …vÚ gfdsf] ;+:yfn] ljljw zLif{sdf vr{ b]vfP/ gfkmf b]vfpFb}g .

ofdk|; fb l;Ub]n

kmn:j?k gfkmf afktsf] s/ klg ltb{}g, gfkmf g} gePkl5 c? s/ klg ltb{}g . ca Tof] JolQmn] …sÚ / …vÚ ;xsf/Laf6 kfpg] eQf, nfef+z,Aofhdf slt km/s k5{ ;xh} cg' dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . kmn:j?k ;b:osf] gh/df a9L nfe lbg] ;+:yf sd nfe lbg] ;+:yf eGbf kSs} /fd|f] xf] .;Eo ;b:on] t s/ ltg{] ;+:yf 5f]8]/ dfq hfG5 To;sf kbflwsf/LnfO{3f]rk]r / ufnL unf}h ub{}g t/ To;eGbf km/s ;b:on] ;s]sf] ;a} u5{ .clg Tof] ;~rfns cfkm\gf ;b:oaf6 ufnL kfpFbf, ;b:otf 5f]8]/ hfFbfcfkm"n] ;xsf/L sfg'g÷dfkb08 kfngf u/]sf] eGbf afx]s s]xL eGg;Sb}g . h' g egfO ;b:osf] gh/df jf csf{ ] ;+:yfsf] gh/df lg/y{sx'G5 . dfly plNnlvt ;d:ofn] sltko ;+:yf ck|ToIf df/df k/]sf 5g\ .

To;sf ;~rfnsx? kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ . cem sltko :jfledfg ;b:o g} cndlnPsf 5g\ . ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt t Pp6} xf ] t/ km/s lsg < o;sf] lgbfg x' g h?/L 5 / lgbfg ug{] Pp6} pkfo xf] cg'udg . lgodgsf/L lgsfo lhNnf ;+3, ;xsf/L l8lehg, g]km\:s' g, ;xsf/L ljefu cflbsf]s] sfd < gjLs/0f z'Ns c;'Ng], hflu/ vfg] 7fpF dfGg], 7fn' aGg] dfqxf] eg] o; n]vsf] t s] ;xsf/L cleofgs} cy{ 5}g . xf]Og bfloTj

klg k"/f ug' {k5{ eg] ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] agfPsf k| ltj]bg cWoog ug' {k¥of],;xsf/Lx?sf] cg'udg ug' {k¥of], ;lsG5 gd' gf ;b:o;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug' {k¥of]clg s;}n] cgfjZos s/ lt/]sf eP ltdLn] oxfFlg/ o;f] u/ eGg' k¥of],;'wf/fTds uNtL eP ;'emfO lbg' k¥of], sfg' gL uNtL eP sfg' gL bfo/fdfNofpg' k¥of] . cem uNtL lgoGq0f aflx/ eP To;sf] klg cf]vtL xf]nfug' {k¥of] .

@)$( ;fnb]lv tLj| ag]sf] ;xsf/L cleofgn] hlt /fd|f] u¥of],ub{}5 Tolt g} g/fd|f] klg a9\b}5 . yf]/}df ;'wf/ ug' { kSs} klg a' l4dfgLxf] . h;n] /fd|fnfO{ klg k| ]/0ff lbG5 g/fd|fnfO{ klg a]n}df ;Tdfu{ ldN5 .;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] bfloTj ePsfsf] ;xsf/LnfO{ z'4 agfpg]z'e sfo{sf] >Lu0f]z xf];\ .

-n]vs ;'Gb/k'/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf df]/ªsf sf]iffWoIf x' g\ _

df3–@)&@ 25


26/48

!) nfv && xhf/ ?k}ofF z]o/ k"FhL /x]sf] ;kmn art tyfC0f ;xsf/L ;'Gb/b'nf/Lsf] lgIf]k !@ nfv %& xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf]5 .

;+:yfsf] t];|f] ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|:t't k|ltj]bgcg';f/ z]o/artsf] () k| ltzt C0f lagflwtf] / lwtf]sf] cfwf/df % nfv;Dd C0f nufgL ug{] ;+:yfn] C0fsf] Aofhb/ !^ k|ltzt;Ddsfod u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

** hgf z]o/ ;b:o /x]sf] ;+:yfn] ls:tfdf C0f ltg{]nfO{;x' lnot lbg] hgfPsf] 5 .

kfFr s/f]8 @ nfv ?k}ofF lgIf]k ;+sng u/]sf] ul5of arttyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf ^ ;o !% z]o/ ;b:osf] Ps s/f]8!! nfv ?k}ofF z]o/ k"FhL /x]sf] 5 .

;ª\slnt lgIf]keGbf ! nfv sd ?k}ofF nufgL u/]sf] ;+:yfn]

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] eGbf @& k| ltzt a9L nufgL u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .rfn' cfly{s jif{b]lv ;+:yfn] lghL kl/of]hgfsf] nflu ( nfv /;fd' lxs kl/of]hgfsf nflu !% nfv;Dd C0f lbg] gLlt lnPsf];+:yfsf] b;f}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|:t't k|ltj]bgdf pNn]vul/Psf] 5 .

artdf * b]lv !@ k| ltzt Aofh lbg] ;+:yfn] !) b]lv @! k| ltzt Aofh b/ C0f /sddf sfod u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

^ ;o *$ hgf z]o/ ;b:o / ! s/f]8 () nfv (% xhf/ z]o/ k"FhL /x]sf] lj/f6gu/sf] lj/f6]Zj/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/Ln] rfn' cfly{s jif{df z]o/ k"FhL @ s/f]8 !% nfv (^ xhf/ k' ¥ofpg] nIo/x]sf] ;+:yfsf cWoIf /fdafa' e66/fO{n] atfP .

$ s/f]8 * nfv ^% xhf/ lgIf]k ;+sng u/]sf] ;+:yfn] ljleGg lsl;dsf artdf * b]lv !# k| ltzt;Dd Aofh lbg] u/]]sf] 5 .

O6x/Ll:yt b'uf{ ar tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] b[li6 ljxLgeP/ klg ;dfhsf] lxtdf lg/Gt/ of]ubfg lbO/x]sf O6x/Lsfb'O{ hgf b[li6 ljxLgnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]/ pbfx/0fLo sfd u/]sf] 5 .;+:yfn] cfk\mgf] !# cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efdf b[li6 ljxLgcDd/axfb'/ u'?ª / /fdfgGb vTj]nfO{ gub, ANofª\s]6pkxf/;lxt bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 .

O6x/Lsf] /fwfs[i0f dlGb/sf] k]6Ldf bzsf}+b]vL v'nfcfsfzd' gL a;]/ hLjg rnfO/x]sf cDd/axfb '/n] ljleGg7fpFdf leIff dfu]/ /fwfs[i0f dlGb/nfO{ %) xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf];xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . /fdfgGb vTj] b' j} cfFvf gb]Vg] b[l6ljxLgeP klg pgn] sd{ u/]/ vfg' k5{ eGg] ;fx;sf ;fy pRr lzIffxfl;n ul/ O6x/L –@^ cfF kuf5Lsf] /fli6« o pRr dfljdf lzIf0f k]zf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

b'O{ 5f]/L / >LdtL /x]sf pgn] cfk\mg} sdfOaf6 O6x/L– ^ df 3/ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . 3/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu b'uf{ artaf6@ nfv ?k}ofF shf{ lnPsf pgn] tf]lsPeGbf cufl8 g} shf{r'Qmf ug{ b]vfPsf] tTk/tf pbfx/0fLo /x]sf] eGb} ;+:yfn]pgnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] xf] . wg geP klg dgsf wgL b[li6 ljxLgcDd/axfb'/ / sd{sf] pbfx/0f lbg] /fdfgGb b' j}af6 ;dfhn]

lzIff lng' k5{ eGg] ;Gb]zsf nflu pgLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf]dfb'uf{ artsf] klg cfbz{ sfd dfGg' kb{5 .@)%& df3 !@ ut] :yfkgf ePsf] b'uf{ artsf] ut c;f/

d;fGt;Ddsf] r'Qmf kF"hL # s/f]8 *# nfv @@ xhf/ / hu]8fsf]if @ s/f]8 $^ nfv &( xhf/ ?k}ofF 5 . @^ s/f]8 *)nfv ?k}ofF shf{ nufgL u/]sf] ;+:yfn] @$ s/f]8 %# nfvJofkfl/s If]q / afFsL cGo If]qdf shf{ lbPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .w/fgdf ;d]t ;]jf s]Gb| /x]sf] pQm ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] !# cf}+;fwf/0f;efn] cfufdL tLg jif{sf nflu l6sfk|;fb bfxfnsf]cWoIftfdf !! ;b;Lo gofF sfo{;ldlt / lszf]/ e08f/Lsf]

;+of]hsTjdf # ;b;Lo n]vf ;ldlt k' gu{7g u/]sf] 5 .

df3–@)&@ 26


27/48

lzIff

df3–@)&@ 27


28/48

df]/ªsf] sf]zL x/}+rfl:yt ;'s' gf ax' d'vL SofDk;n] /fli6«o :t/af6 ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf k|fKt ug]{ePsf] 5 . df]/ªsf] pQ/L u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ :yfgLo :t/dfpRr lzIffsf] cj;/ lbg ;fd'bflos k| of;af6 @)$* ;fndf :yfkgfePsf] ;'s' gf SofDk; sf];L c~rnaf6 /fli6«o:t/df ;f] ;' ljwf k|fKtug]{ tLgcf]6f SofDk; leq k/]sf] 5 .

@)$* ;fn df3 !$ ut] dfgljsL ;+sfo cGtu{tsf] k| df0fkq txaf6 k7kf7g z'? u/]sf] ;'s' gfdf @)$( ;fnb]lv lzIff ;+sfosf] ;f]xL txsf]sfo{qmd yk ePsf] lyof] eg] @)%@ ;fnb]lv lzIff zf:qsf] Ps jif]{:gfts, @)%$ df lzIffs} # jif]{ :gfts @)^) b]lv Joj:yfkgdf:gftssf] k9fO z'? u/]sf] lyof] . @)^! ;fnb]lv lzIff zf:qdf

:gfQsf]Q/ ;~rfng ug{ yfn]sf] of] sn]hdf o; If]qd} klxnf] :gftstxdf lj1fg, $ jif]{ cfO;L6L, Joj:yfkgdf :gfQsf]Q/sf] sfo{qmd;Grfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] k6s ljZj ljBfno cg'bfg cfof]uaf6 So"PP k|fKtu/]sf] sn]hdf cfufdL jif{b]vL AofRn/ ckm OGkm/d]zg Dofg]hd]G6-lacfOPd _ ;Grfngsf] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . k| df0fkq txb]vL :gfQsf]Q/;Dd lqe' jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DjGwg k|fKt u/]sf] sn]hn] k|df0fkq tx vf/]h ePkl5 !! / !@ sIffdf jfl0fHo,lj1fg,lzIff, dfgljsL / !@ sIffdf lzIff zf:qsf ] ljz]ifsIff pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifbaf6 ;DaGwg lnP/ rnfpFb} cfPsf]5 .

;'s' gf ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] xfn} ;DkGg kl/ifb ;efaf6 SofDk; ;~rfng;ldltsf] g]t[Tj kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 .

;ef;b rGb|axfb'/ u'?ª g]t[Tjsf] ;ldlt k' gu{7g eO b]j]Gb| df:s] g]t[Tjsf];ldlt cfPsf] xf] . nfdf] ;dob] lv SofDk; ;~rfng ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Dxfn]sfu'?ª b'O jif{cl3 ;ef;b lgjf{lrt ePkl5 SofDk;nfO{ ;do lbg sl7g ePsf] dx;'; u/L g]t[Tj kl/jt{g ug' {kg]{ kIfdf lyP . ;f]xL cg';f/ kl/ifb;efn] ;j{;Ddt?kdf df:s]nfO{ cWoIf agfPsf] xf] .

gj lgjf{lrt cWoIf df:s] sf]zL x/}+rf If]qsf ;lqmo ;dfh ;]jL tyf lzIff;]jL x'g\ . gjlgjf{lrt !& ;b:oLo SofDk; ;~rfng ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf

uf]kfnaxfb'/ yfkf tyf n]vf ;ldlt ;+of]hsdf k"0f{k|;fb 9sfn 5flgPsf 5g\ .

df3–@)&@ 28


29/48

pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgfdf sf]zLc~rnaf6 ;'s'gf ax' d'vL SofDk; sf];Lx/}rf,pn{faf/L SofDk; pnf{af/L, hgtf SofDk; O6x/L,If]qLo :t/af6 j?0f ax' d'vL SofDk; ;+v' jf;ef,Dofª\n' ª SofDk; t]x|y' d / ky/L ax' d'vL SofDk;5gf]6 ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L d]rL c~rnaf6 sGsfO{ax' d'vL SofDk; ;'?ª\uf / bds ax' d'vL SofDk;5gf]6 ePsf x' g\ . ;f] kl/of]hgfsf nflu ljZj j}+saf6 g]kfnnfO{^% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ -nueu 5 ca{ %)

s/f]8 g]kfnL ?k}ofF_ a/fa/sf] ljQLo ;xof]u;x' lnot b/sf] C0f:j?k pknAw x' g] a' lemPsf]5 . pRr lzIffdf k|0ffnLut, ;+:yfut ;'wf/, pRr lzIffsf ] u'0f:t/ tyf ;fGble{stfdf clej[l4,ul/a tyf lk5l8Psf ljBfyL{sf] pRr lzIffdf

;dtfd" ns kx' Frsf nflu ljQLo ;xfotfsf] Joj:yf PjDf cg';Gwfg, k| j4{ g tyf pTs[i6tfsf] ljsf; ug{' o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf];'s' gf ax' d'vL SofDk;sf k| d'v kLts' df/ >]i7n] atfP . sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf lgoddf cfwfl/t cg'bfgsf nflu uPsf] >fj0f!( ut] b]lv efb| @@ ut] ;Dd b]z e/sf ;fd'bflos SofDk;af6cfj]bg lbg cfx\jfg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df ! ;o @) eGbf a9L SofDk;x?n] cfj]bg lbPsf lyP .;f]xL cg';f/ d]rL c~rnsf @ j6f SofDk; ;lxt b]ze/sf $% j6fSofDk; /fli6«o :t/sf] k| lt:kwf{af6 / !% j6f SofDk; If]qLo:t/sf] k| lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf 5g\ .

;'s'gf ax'd'vL SofDk; pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf cGtu{t/fli6«o :t/df 5}6f}F :yfgdf kg{ ;kmn ePsf] cj;/;+u} SofDk;n]ef}lts ;+/rgf ljsf; / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstdf/fv]/ u'0f:t/ ;' lglZrttf k|Tofogsf] yk dfGotf ;+u} cl3 al9/x]sf];'s' gf ax' d'vL SofDk;sf ;xfos k| d'v k| ]dk|;fb e§/fO{n] atfP .

df3–@)&@ 29


30/48

ljZn]if0f

nLnfdl0f kf}8]n

kfndf ;g\ !(() sf] bzsb]lv :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL k' FhLv'nf u/]kl5 tbg's"nsf pbf/ sfg'g agfOP / To;}sf] k| ltkmn:j?k s]xL dfqfdf ljb]zL nufgL klg lelqP . lghL sDkgLx?n] gfkmfsf nflu ug] { c:j:ys/ pkfodWo]Psflwsf/jfbL k| j[lQ, k|fs[lts ;DklQsf] cltpkef]u, gfkmf hlt j}olQs / nfutnfO{ ;fdflhs agfpg] k| j[lQ

x' g\ . xfj{8{ ljZjljBfnosf k|f]km];/ pbf/jfbL cy{zf:qL 8fgL /f]l8«ssf] ljrf/df pbf/jfbL cy{Joj:yf cfkm}+ Gofod'vL x' Fb}g / cfkm}+ lgolGqt klg x' Fb}g . /fHon] g} pbf/jfbL cy{ Joj:yfnfO{ Gofod'vL agfpg alnof]

lgodgsf/L ;+oGq / ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu k| ltkmnsf] plrt Joj:yfkgug{' cltcfjZos x'G5 . pbf/jfbL cy{Joj:yfsf] of] g} Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] xf] . /fHo;+oGq sdhf]/ Pj+ zf;sLo ;+oGqdf a:g]x¿ cg'Q/bfoL / nf]eLeP Jofj;flos ;'zf;g -skf]{/]6 ueg]{G;_ sdhf]/ x'G5 . kmn:j¿kalnof / v/fa pBdLn] c;n / sfg' g kfngf ug]{ pBdLnfO{ lj:yfkgu/L ahf/df Psnf}6L k|e'Tj hdfpg cg]s xysG8f jf sfg' g / gLltsf] ;xf/f lnG5g\ . To:tf sDkgLn] sdfPsf] 7"nf] /sdsf];fgf] lx:;f gLltlgdf{tf, lgofds, tyfslyt lj1, sfg' gsf 1ftf / ldl8ofdfly nufgLu/]/ pgLx¿sf :jR5 Joj;foljk/Ltsf gfhfoh lq mofsnfknfO { n's fpg ]-s]df]ˆnfh_ jf ljifofGt/ ug] {,s';"rgfsf] af9L aufP/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{e| ddf kfg]{ u5{g\ . To:tf Joj;foLn]sdhf]/ ;/sf/nfO{ cy{tGq 8'Ag] jf ljb]zL nufgL g} cfpg glbg] jf;/sf/ cljZj;gLo ePsf] k|rf/ ug]{atfP/ cTofpg] / unfpg] u5{g\ . of] ;a} sfd :jfefljs gfkmfcfh{gsf nflu xf]Og, ;dfhaf6cltbf]xg u/L 5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} sdfpgu5{g\ . o;/L ;dfhnfO{ s+ufn agfP/

Psfw JolQmx? c;fWo} wgL x'G5g\ . kmn:j?k cy{tGq / d'n'ssf] zf;g tL;Lldt ;+:yfsf dflnssf] lgoGq0fdf k' U5 . To:tf ;Lldt JolQm jf ;+:yfdflye/ kg{ ' kg] { cy{tGq eP ;dfhsf w]/} ;+ oGqpgLx?sf] cufl8 e'Q] x'G5g\ . alnof] lgodg gePsf pbf/jfbL cy{ Joj:yf x' g] d'n'sx?ul/aL / c;dfgtfaf6 l;lh{t åGådf km:5g\ .cy{ Joj:yfsf] To:tf] k| j[ lQn] cl:y/tf / lx+ ;fnfO{phf{ lbG5 . g]kfndf !$ jif{b]lv sfo{/t 6]lnsd ;]jfk|bfos;+:yf Pg;]nsf] nfO;]G; xft kfg]{b]lv clxn];Ddsf

ultljlw x]bf{ xfdL st} Jofj;flos s'zf;g / cltbf]xgsf/L

k' FhLaf6 zf;sLo k|0ffnLd} ck|ToIf lgoGq0f / k|efj kfg]{ b':rqmtkm{ t hfFb} t 5}gf}+ eGg] uDeL/ cfz+sf p7]sf] 5 .

; '¿b]lv g}vf]6f]lgot Pg;]n sDkgLn] skf]{/]6 b' lgofFdf cgf}7f] nfUg] nfO;]G; b:t'/ @!s/f]8 / gjLs/0f z'Ns eg] b; jif{kl5 @) ca{ ?k}ofF k|:tfj u/]/cg'dltkq lnPsf] lyof] . o;df ;+nUg k|zf;s of t b"/;~rf/sf]ahf/af/] Psbd} cgle1 lyP jf k|efj jf bafan] jf b' j}n] lg0f{o ug{afWo lyP . cGoyf, h;n] nfO;]G; kfPsf] xf] p;}n] eGbf klxn] csf]{ k|lt:kwL{ ;+:yfn] p;n] sa'n u/]sf] /sd a'emfpg' kg]{ cgf}7f] cj:yf

l;h{gf x' g]u/L k|:tfj :jLsfo{ x' g] lyPg . Psbd} gu0o df]ndf nfO;]G; kfPsf] 5}7f}+ jif{df o; sDkgLn] !) jif{kl5 sa'n u/]sf] gjLs/0f z'Ns @) ca{ g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn]a'emfP/ nfO;]G; gjLs/0f ug{'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] . gjLs/0f z'Ns k| lt:kwf{df 5gf]6 ePsf] sDkgLn] sa'n u/]adf]lhd x' g]5 eGg] ;t{df g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn] nfO;]G; lnPsf] lyof] . pko{ 'Qm tYosf cfwf/df/fd| };Fu ljZn]if0f u/]/ of] sk6k"0f{ k|:tfj ;/sf/L clwsf/Ln] hfgfhfg

:jLs[t u/]sf lyP eGg s' g} ;+sf]r dfGg' kb}{g . g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn] 5}7f}+ jif{df @) ca{ lt/]/ nfO;]G; gjLs/0f u/] p;sf] gub k| jfx -Sof;ˆnf]_ df 7" n} c;/ kg]{ /To;af6 sDkgL cfkm} + wf/fzfoL x' g ;Sg] cj:yf lyof] . To;

cj:yfdf Pg;]n PSnf] ;]jfk|bfos x' g] -Psflwsf/jfbL k|j[lQ_ lyof] . g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLnfO{ s'g} 5'6 lbg] u/L ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/] To;sf] k|ltkmndf

Pg;]nn] nfO;]G; emG8} l;Q}Fdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg] -cltbf]xgsf/L k| j[lQ_ dg;fo afx]s

nfO;]G; b:t'/sf] (% u' gf a9L gjLs/0fb:t'/ /fv]/ 6]G8/ xfNg' / To:t} k|:tfj h:tfsf] t:t} :jLsfg{'sf] csf]{ s' g} sf/0fx' g ;Sb}g . of] ;f]emf] / :jR5 k| lt:kwf{eGg ;lsb}g . o:tf] ljifo Jofj;floss'zf;gsf] gd"gf xf] .

C0fsf]axfgfdf k'FhLknfog /s/df c;/xfn;Dd of] sDkgLsf] ;]o/ !) s/f]8 dfq 5 . C0f eg] caf}{ + 5, Tof] klg ljb]zL C0f / rsf] { Aofh b/df . o;sDkgLn] !! b] lv !# k| ltzt Aofhdf o'/f]kaf6 % ca{ ?k}ofF C0f lnPsf] lyof ] . uPsf ] @) jif{df o'/f]kdfJofkfl/s C0fsf] Aofhb/ @ b]lv# k|ltzt xf/fxf/L dfq} 5 . o;/L% ca{sf] ( b]lv !! k| ltzt /sd

Jofhafkt k' FhL kfnfog ePsf] /To;sf] @% k| ltzt cfos/ tyf

df3–@)&@ 30


31/48


32/48

** s/f]8 5 . pko{ 'Qm /fli6«o b}lgss} ;dfrf/cg';f/ clxn] nfef+ zafkt

n}hfg l7Ss kfl/Psf] /sd !! ca{ 5 . of] nfef+z -gfkmf_ p;sf] k' FhLsf]emG8} ! ;o $) u'0ff xf] . o; sDkgLsf] s/kl5sf] hDdf gfkmf o;n] u/]sf]nufgLsf] % ;o &( u'0ff cyf{t %&()) k| ltzt xf] . of] gfkmf u'un / km];a'sh:tf] ljZje/L :jtGq Joj;fo u/]/ sdfPsf] h:tf] xf]Og g t dfOqmf]:ˆ6 / PKknh:tf] cg';Gwfgd'ns k|f]8S6 a]r]/ sdfPsf] xf] . of] gfkmf t s]jn g]kfnLsf] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ Ú:k]S6« dÚ yf]sdf ;/sf/;Fu

lsg]/ v'›fdf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ a]r]/ sdfPsf] /sd xf] . gfkmf %&()) k| ltzt x]bf{ of t :k]S6« daf6 g]kfnnfO{ Hofb} guGonfe ldn]sf] 5 of pkef]QmfnfO{ cTolws d"Nosf] ef/ af]sfOPsf] 5 . h' g;'s} cj:yfdf klg o;nfO{ hfoh dfGg ;lsFb}g . lgodgsf/L lgsfo g} o:t} x]g{sf nflu xf] . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g tL lgodgsf/L lgsfo s]x]b}{5g\ jf s]xL x]b}{gg\ . sfg' g 5}g eG5g\ eg] sfg' g agfP/ k]; gug{'sf]sf/0f s] xf] eg]/ hgtfn] k|Zg lsg gug]{ < sdhf]/ lgodgsf] gfhfoh nfe lnP/ gfkmf xf]Og gfkmfvf]/L ul/Psf]tYo cfkm}+ af]N5 . ;/sf/L g]kfn 6] lnsdsf] csd{0otf / ;Dejt o;sf]3';k}7n] klg of] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] x' g ;S5 . ca nfO;]G;sf] Dofr' o{8 lkl/o8 klg ;lsof] . (% u' gf gjLs/0fz'Nssf] ljifo klg k6fIf]k eof] . nufgLsf] % ;o &( u' gf sf/f]af/ gfkmf,

nufgLsf] !^ ;o u' gfeGbf a9L k' F hLut nfe lnPkl5 eljiodf s' g} alnof]

lgodgsf/L ;/sf/ cfP kmGbfdf kl/g] eon] sdhf]/ /fHo;+oGq ePsfa]nf k' FhL a]r]/ plDsg vf]Hb} t 5}g eGg] uDeL/ cfz+sf pAh]sf] 5 . Pg;]nsf] ;]o/ olt w]/} d" Nodf laSg'sf] sf/0f g} %& ca{ ** s/f]8sf];l~rt gfkmf xf] . cltbf]xg u/]/ sdfOPsf] gfkmfdf s' g sfg' gn] aGb]hnfU5 eg]/ k|Zg ug{ ;S5 sDkgLn] . To;}n] oxfF gfkmf u/]kl5 ca ToxL g] kfnsf] sf/f]af/sf] gfkmfsf] k| ltkmnaf6 l;lh{t k' F hLut gfkmfdf g]kfns} k|rlnt sfg' gadf]lhd s/ ltg{;Dd elgPsf] xf] . pko{'Qm tYo / ts{sfcfwf/df g]kfndf s/ nfUb}g eGg] s;}n] xf:of:kb s'ts{ u5{ eg] To;sf]

s' g} v08g cfjZos} 5}g . 6]lnsd Pp6f hl6n / tLj|td ultdf ljsf; ePsf] k|fljlws ljifoxf] . d o; If]qsf] lj1 xf]Og / of] cfn]v tof/ ug{ klg dnfO w]/}k6s hfgsf/;Fu ;Nnfx;'emfj lng' k/]sf] lyof] . o; sDkgLn] nfO;]G; lnFbf/ Joj;fo lj:tf/sf qmddf Ú:k]S6« d, ly| hL, kmf]/hL, qm; xf] lN8+ u, ckm;f]/a}+ ls+ u, u]6j], jfODofS;Ú h:tf cg]sg hl6n k|fljlws ljifodf /fhgLlt1/ k|zf;sx¿ Psbd cgle1 lyP . Psbd} ;Lldt ;+Vofsf k|fljlws;Fu klg ;Lldt 1fg lyof] . ToxL cj:yfsf] nfe p7fP/ sDkgLn] s/af6pDsg] clek|fon] lgotjz Psfw zAbdf s;}nfO{ r'sfPs} /x]5 eg] klg ToxL afxfgfdf g]kfnh:tf] ul/a d'n'ssf hgtfdfly Joj;fo u/]/sdfPsf] cs't ;DklQsf] gfkmfdf s/ glt/L n}hfg] k| k+r /lrP g]kfnLpkef]Qmfn] ;]jf alxisf/ ug{' kg]{ cj:yf cfpFb}g / < kof{Kt 1fg gePsf sltko ljifodf xfd|f ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Lsfsdhf]/L, lkmtnf sfg' g, nf]eL /fhgLlt1 / k|zf;s, cl:y/ /fhgLlt /Jofj;flos ¿kdf sdhf]/ k|zf;sx?af6 cfh;Dd p7fPsf] kmfObfdf klg s/ ltg{ / lng ul/g] cfgfsfgL dfGo 5}g . ca sDkgLnfO{ k"/} k' F hLut nfedf cfos/ nufpg' / sDkgLn] v'¿Ss} ltg{'sf] ljsNk s;}n] gvf]h"g\ o;}df xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f 5 .

@) k|ltzt ;]o/ vl/b k|s/0f g]kfnsf] sfg' gn] @) k| ltzt nufgL clgjfo{ ?kdf g]kfnL gful/sdfx' g' kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] eP klg Ps cgnfOg ;dfrf/df pNn]v ePcg';f/3'dfp/f] kf/fn] l;+ufk'/s} :yfoL cfjf; cg'dlt ePsf] u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf gfddf l;+ufk'/df btf{ ePsf], l;+ ufk'/ 8n/ k' FhL ePsf], xtf/dfev{/} vf]n]sf], ;]o/ vl/bsf] /sddf s/ lt/]sf] cfo b]vfpg c;dy{ /sfg' gljk/Lt qm;xf]lN8+u ePsf] sDkgLnfO{ a]Rg vf]h]sf tYo ;fj{ hlgse};s]sf 5g\ . st} s/ 5Ng] k| kGrn] t g]kfnL kIfsf] ;]o/ sf/f]af/ ckf/bzL{ / Go"g d" Nof+sg ul/Psf] t x}g < tYo cfkm} af]ln/x]sf 5g\ ls @) k| ltzt ;]o/;a}n] a'‰g] efiffdf g]kfnL gful/sn] lnPsf] x' g' k5{ . *) k| ltzt ;]o/

sf/f]af/ ;fj{hlgs x' gf;fy / g]kfnL kIfsf] ;]o/;d]t sf/f]af/ ePsf]

df3–@)&@ 32


33/48

;dfrf/nfO{ gf]l6;df lnP/ b' j} laqm]tfnfO{ s/ ltg{af]nfpg s/ clwsf/LnfO{ s' g} sfg' gn] /f]Sb}g . ;fj{hlgs ePsf oltw]/} / olt uDeL/ ljifodf;f]wk'5 u/L g]kfnsf] lxt, cGt/f{li6«o k|rng tyf g]kfnsf] sfg'gadf]lhd ug{ pko'Qm cfb]z lbg' lgofds lgsfosf] st{Jo xf] . olt dxTjk" 0f{ ljifodf lgj]bg s'/]/ a:g'nfO{ st} hfoh dfGg ;lsGg .

s'ts{cfpg ;Sg] ;/sf/n] alnof] lgodgsf/L / ;dfg Jojxf/ug]{ xf] eg] sfg' gadf]lhd s/ lt/, otfptf xf]OgeGg] xf] . o;n] ;/sf/sf] cGt{/fli6«o 5lj sbflk lalu| Fb}g . ca 6]lnsd ;]jfk|bfosnfO{ s'g} lts8d,5n5fd jf bafa k|efjaf6 xf]Og Pp6f Jofj;flos dof{bfleq a;]/sfd ug] { u/L alnof] lgodgsf/L Joj:yf ug}{k5{ . o:tf sDkgLnfO{ k' FhL/ sf/f]af/sf] /sdsf] lglZrt cg' kft ga9\ g]u/L nufgL ug{ nufpg' k5{ .;]o/ k' FhL / C0fsf] clwstd cg' kft tf]lslbg' k5{ . :jb]zaf6 cfk"lt{ gePsf] cj:yfdf dfq ljb]zL ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnFbf lglZrt k| ltztn]yk Aofhb/df dfq s/ 5'6 kfpg] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ . gfkmf / gfkmfvf]/Lsf]

AofVof b"/;+rf/ sfg' gd} ul/g' k5{ . xfdLn] sÞ '/f gu/]sf] cjlwdf oL @ 6]lnsd sDkgLn] p7fpg] /fh:j dfq} ^ ca{eGbf clns a9L 5 . o:tf] /f]lsg' k5{ . nfef+; s/ / k' FhLutnfes/ s' g} l6«slag} tTsfn ltg{ nufpg' k5{ . ;]o/sf] lglZrt k| ltztclgjfo{ ?kdf ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ hf/L ug{' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g' k5{ . pko'Qm ;a}

s'/f pbf/jfbL cy{Joj:yf ckgfPsf d'n'sdf jiff}{+ b]lv k|rngdf /x]sf k|fjwfg x' g\ . s' g} gofF / lgoGq0fd'vL k|fjwfg xf]Ogg\ . Jofj;flos :jR5tf / Jofj;flos ;'zf;g clxn] xfdLnfO{ emg} cfjZos 5 . Joj;foLn] g} xf] /fhgLlt1 / k|zf;snfO{ e| i6frf/sf]nfe afF8kmfF8 ug]{ . ha;Dd cy{tGqsf] &) k| ltzt lx:;f cf]u6\g] lghLIf]qdf ;'zf;gsf] cEof; x' Fb}g ta;Dd zf;sLo ;'zf;g c;Dej k|foM

x'G5 . Jofj;flos ;'zf;gaf6 :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL k' FhL nufgL k| j4{g x' g],/fhZj a9\g], Jofj;flos :jR5tf / kf/blz{tfn] k|zf;snfO{ cg' lrtnfe p7fpgaf6 /f]Sg], ;fdflhs Gofo k| j4{g x'g] tyf ;dfhdf lbuf]zflGt x' g] x'Fbf bL3{sfnLg lxtsf nflu Ifl0fs nfe Tofu]/ ;/sf/dfa:g]n] :jR5 k|zf;g lbg' clxn]sf] ;dosf] dfu / cfjZostf b' j} xf] . skf]{/]6 ;'zf;gsf] dfWodaf6 :jb]zL, ljb]zL k'FhL k|j4{g u/f}+ .pgLx¿nfO{ sfg' g adf] lhd :jR5 Joj;fo u/L gfkmf sdfpg lbpF . ;a}nfO{;dfg cj;/ lbpF jf ;dfg Aojxf/ u/f} +. t/, pgLx?nfO{ nfe j}olQms /nfut ;fdflhs agfpg] 5'6 jf clws bf]xgsf 5'6 glbpF . To;df xfdL;a}sf] lxt 5 .- k"j{ d'Vo ;lrj kf}8ofnsf] of] n]v ;fGble{s nfu]/Ps cgnfOgaf6 ;fef/ ul/Psf] xf] . _

df3–@)&@ 33


34/48

ko{6g

g]kfnsf] ko{6g uf]N8]g 6«fËndf s]Gb| Lt 5 . g]kfndf sf7df8f}, kf]v/f / lrtjgdf dfq ko{6gsf ;Dk"0f{ cfsif{0f / k"jf{wf/ 5g\ eGg]JofVof ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . ko{6gsf 7"nf Joj;foL, gLlt lgdf{tfx? nufotcfd ;~rf/ dfWodn] klg uf]N8]g 6«fËnnfO{ g} dxTj lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ c8\8f ko{6s cfpg] d'Vo gfsf sf7df8f}df ePsf]n] klg uf]N8]g 6«fËn d'n'ssf] ko{6gdf xfjL ePsf] xf] .

uf]N8]g 6«fËn afx]s d'n'ssf cGo efudf klg ko{6gsf] ;Defjgfaf]s]sf If]qx? 5g\ . ltlgx?sf] Plss[t k|jw{g x'g g;Sbf lt If]qn] ko{6gdf VoftL / k| ltkmn kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;sf nfuL u| Lg Oi6sf]PsLs[t k|:tfj cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . u| LgOi6 k' j{sf tLg If]q w/fg, Onfd

/ tfKn]h' ªnfO{ ;d]6]/ tof/ ul/Psf] PsLs[t k|:tfj xf] . uf]N8]g 6«fËnsf] cjwf/0ff ljZjJofkL g} 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nfluyfOn}08df a}ss, km's]6, k6fof . ef/tdf lbNnL, cfu/f, hok'/ cflb .t/ uf]N8]g 6«fËn afx]ssf If]qsf] klg blx|nf] k| jw{g ug]{ xf] eg] ko{6gaf6 oy] i6 k| ltkmn k|fKt x' g ;S5 . ef/t s} s'/f ug] { xf] eg] sl:d/ b]vL cd[t;/;Dd, xl/åf/ b]vL agf/;;Dd g}lgtfn b]lv s]/nf ;Dd, bflh{lnª b]lvuf]jf;Dd . oL :yfgn] w]/} vfnsf] ko{6gaf6 cfk\mgf] klxrfg / ljsf;u/]sf pbfx/0f 5g\ . xfdL k"j]{nLn] klg o;} k|sf/ oL If]qsf] cfsif{0f, k"jf{wf/ / kxF'rnfO{ ;d]6]/ g]kfnL ko{6gdf blx|nf] pkl:ylt hgfpg] u/Lu| LgOi6sf] cjwf/0ff lnP/ cl3 a9]sf 5f}] . u| LgOi6df ;f+:s[ lts d7 dlGb/, ljljw hftLo ultljwL, P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/, jGohGt' cf/If, s[lif ko{6g

Pj+ ;fxl;s ko{6g cflb cfsif{0f 5g\ . zx/L kl/j]z / cfw' lgs ;' ljwf,sfnf] kq ;8s, oftfoft / a;fO{sf] ;xhtfn] o; If]qdf ko{6gsf] Jofks

;Defjgf b]lvG5 . .u|LgOi6sf] s]Gb|ljGb' w/ fgnfO { k | :t fjul/Psf] 5 . glhs} lj/f6gu/ ljdfg:yn /

laxf/;+u hf] l8Psf] 7" nf] k|j ]z:yn hf]ujgLn] o;nfO{ ;Defljt If]qsf?kdf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg];Defjgf b]lvG5 . tLgIf]q dWo] ;a}eGbf a9Lcfsif{0f Pj\ ultljlwzx/L ;' ljwf / ;fxl;sultljlw w/fgdf clnw]/} 5g\ . oL ;a} sf/0f klg w/fg o;sf] s]Gb| ag]/ u| Lg Oi6sf] k| jw{gfTdsPj+ ljsfzdf g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . w/fgdf ljleGg kf}/fl0fs / P]ltxfl;s d7dlGb/ 5b} 5g\ . e]8]6f/,tdf]/, sf]zL6Kk' cflb klg /fhg} lts ?kn] cnu eP klg w/fgs} cfsif{0fx' g\ = . oxL glhssf cfsif{0fx? w/fgsf uxgf klg x' g\ . oL If]q ;fxl;s ko{6gsf nflu pj{/ If]q x' g\ . w/fgsf] ko{6ssf] csf]{ cfwf/ ;fxl;s ko{6g klg aGg ;S5 eGg] b]lvb} uPsf] 5 . ;fxl;s / v]n ko{6g oxfFsfcfsif{0f aGg ;Sg] 5g\ . aGb} uPsf klg 5g\ . oL If]qdf cem} nufgL / k| jw{g x' g ;Sof] eg] u| LgOi6n] k"j{d} /fd|f] k| ltkmn lng / klxrfg agfpg;Sg] 5 . w/fgsf ;fxl;s / v]n ko{6gsf cfofdx?df ¥oflkmª, Kof/fUnfOl8ª,Sofgf]lgª, uNkm, km'6anx? x' g\ . ljut * jif{ b]vL w/fgdf tdf]/ l/e/ ¥olˆ6ªn] ¥oflkm\ 6Lªsf] ;]jf ;+~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . /fhgLltsdL{ dbg9sfnsf] Psn k| ofzdf w/fgdf ¥oflˆ6ª ;'? ePsf] xf] . d'n3f6af6

tdf]/ gbLdf a/fxIf]q rt/f ;Ddsf] lgoldt ?6df ¥oflˆ6ª ;+rfng x'b}

df3–@)&@ 34


35/48

cfPsf] 5 . of] Kofs]h Ps lbg] / b'O{ lbg] x' g] u/]sf] 5 . To; afx]stdf]/ l/e/ ¥oflˆ6ªn] Onfdsf] dfOvf]nf, tfKn]h' ªsf] tdf]/ vf]nf /;+v' jf;efsf] c?0f vf]nfaf6 klg ¥oflˆ6ªsf] ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf]5 . tdf]/ l/e/sf] ¥oflˆ6ª ;]jfdf w/fg, O6x/L b]vL latf{df]8;Ddsf:yfgLon] ;]jf lnO;s]sf 5g\ . lxp“bofddf dfq ;+rfng x' g] / cuf8L g} a' lsª ug' { kg]{ ePsf]n] ko{6ssf nflu w/fgsf] ¥oflˆ6ª Tolt ;xhaGg ;s]sf] 5}g . w/fg aflx/ k| ltlglw -Ph]G6_ /fv]/ cgnfOg a' lsª

ug]{ xf] eg] tdf]/ l/e/n] ck]Iff u/] eGbf a9L Joj;fo ug]{df cfzf ug{;lsG5 . t/ k/Dk/fut Jokf/nfO{ cfw' lgs/0f ug{ g;Sbf s' g} klg ko{6gJoj;fon] ck]Iffs[t nfe lng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o:t} o;} jif{ b]vL w/fgdf w/fg :sfO{ kf/fUnfOl8ª P08 P8e]Gr/ k|f=ln=n] Joj;flos Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] p8fg z'? u/]sf] 5 . sl/a #) ldg]6sf] of] p8fg d'n'ssf] xjfO{ p8\ 8og dfkb08 cg's'n /x]sf] atfOG5 .w/fg :sfO{n] e]8]6f/ blIf0f 5f]6L df]/ªaf6 w/fgdf p8fg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . kf“r hgf Kof/fUnfO8af6 6]08d p8fpg] o;sf kfOn6x? Joj;flosnfO;]G; k|fKt / cg'ejL /x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo o' jf /f]zg clwsf/Lsf] of] k| ofz ;x|f/gLo 5 . o:t} a'9f;'Aaf Kof/fUnFOl8ª k|f=ln= klg w/fgdf

Kof/fUnfOl8ª ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ csf]{ ;+:yf xf] . a'9f;'Aafn] lr08]8f“8faf6 w/fg;Dd p8fg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . a'9f;'Aaf clGtd cg' dltsf]qmddf /x]sf] atfOG5 . o;df w/fgs} o' jfx? kfOn6 /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;]jfx? klg clu|d a'lsª ug'{ kg]{ / t'ngfTds ?kdf dx+uf]b]lvPsf]n] o;df ko{6sx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ s]lx d]x]gt nfUg ;Sg]b]lvG5 . tyfkL of] ;]jf z'? x' “bf gx“'b} gfsfaGbLsf] k|efj k/]sfn] w/fgdfKof/fUnfOl8ªdf klxnf] uf“;d} 9'Ëf nfu]sf] cg'ej ePsf] 5 . o;n] klgcfw' lgss/0f u/]/ O–a' lsª ug]{ xf] eg] l5§} prfO{ lng ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

o;}u/L w/fgsf] uNkm u|fp08 cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] u|fp08 xf] . !* xf]nsf] of] u|fp08df a]nfotL lk|G; rfN;{ / n]8L 8fogfn] v]n]sf lyP . a]nfotL/fhs'df/sf nflu agfOPsf] eGg] k|rf/ ug]{ xf] eg] k"j{ pQ/ ef/tsf/fd|f ko{6snfO{ o;n] cfslif{t ug{ ;Sg]5 . /fhwfgL k"j{sf] of] Ps dfq uNkm u| |fp08 xf] .

w/fgd} /x]sf] csf] { cfs{if0f eg]sf] Sofgf]lgª xf] . Sofgf] lgª klg tdf]/ l/e/n] g} ;+ rfng ug] { u/]sf] 5 . e]8]6f/ pQ/sf] gd:t] em/gf Sofgf]lgªsf]uGtJo xf] . o:t} w/fgdf ;fOlslnªsf] ;’ljwf klg pknAw 5 . w/fgsf o’jfx?n] o;nfO{ ;fOsn ;6Lsf ] ?kdf k|aw{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;+u;+u}w/fgsf] :kf]6{; 6' l/Hddf olt a]nf b'O{ k"jf{wf/ ylkPsf 5g\ . a'9f;'Aaf km'6;n / lau k' m6;n . cTofw' lgs oL km'6;nn] w/fgsf] /f}gs yKg] sfdu/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . o:t} w/fgsf] a'9f;'Aaf uf]N8sk :kf]6{;\ 6' l/Hdsf]/fd|f] dfgs xf] . o;n] jif]{gL v]n ko{6sx?nfO{ leq\ofpg] sfd ul//x]sf]5 . t/ Joj;flos ult lng g;Sbf a'9f;'Aaf uf]N8sk k|To]s k6s lg/Gt/tfsf] bf]wf/df /xg] u/]sf] 5 . of] afx]s kbofqf -xfOlsª_ sfnflu klg w/fg cToGt pTs[i6 uGtJo aGg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

oL / o:tf cfsif{0f clg k"jf{wf/n] u| Lg Oi6nfO{ ;jlns/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . u| Lg Oi6df o:tf ;fxl;s ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/n] of] If]qnfO{ cGoIf]q eGbf cJan / ko{6ssf] /f]hfO{sf] If]q agfpg;Sg] 5 . o;sf ;fy}cltYotf k"jf{wf/df klg pTs[i6tf yKg h?/L 5 . ;+u;+u}}] tf/] xf]6nx?w/fgdf cfjZos 5g\ . ko{6sx? oxf“ cfpg ?rfp“5g\ t/ eg] h:tf] k"jf{wf/sf] cefjn] pgLx?sf] cfudg x' g ;s]sf] 5}g . u| Lg Oi6df yKg} kg]{ csf]{ kIf eg]sf] dgf]/Ghgsf] If]q xf] . afnaflnsf / ljBfyL{x?sf

nflu v]n If]q, kfs{, pBfg, ;+u|xfnosf] eg] vf“rf] 5 . 5f]6f] ;dosfnfuL ul/g] dgf]/Ghgn] pgLx?nfO{ cem cfslif{t ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o:t} ;+f:s[lts ultljwLsf] k|bz{gL / k|:t' lts/0f klg cfjZos . oL / o:tf ultljwL ;+u;+u} cfd :yfgLosf] ko{6g k| ltsf] ;sf/fTds;f]r / ko{6gdf ;+nUgtfsf] a[l4 ePsf] v08df of] If]qn] l56\6} ko{6sLo klxrfg agfpg ;Sg] 5 . k|b]z g+= ! cfly{s ljsfzsf] d'Vo cfwf/ klg ko{6g aGg]df s' g} cfz+sf 5}g .-a/fn k' j{If]qsf ;lqmo ko{6gsdL{ x' g\ . (*$@)@$(%)_

w/fgd} /x] sf] csf] { cfs{ if0f eg] sf] Sofgf] lgª xf] . Sofgf] lgª klg

tdf] / l/e/n] g} ;+ rfng ug] { u/] sf] 5 . e] 8] 6f/ pQ/sf] gd:t] em/gf

Sofgf] lgªsf] uGtJo xf] . o:t} w/fgdf ;fOlslnªsf] ;’ljwf klg pknAw 5 . w/fgsf o’jfx?n] o;nfO{ ;fOsn ;6Lsf] ?kdf

k| aw{ g ul//x] sf 5g\ .

df3–@)&@ 35


36/48

wgs'6f . wgs'6fsf] ko{6lso :yn lxn] ahf/ glhs cTofw'lgs;' ljwfo'Qm l/;f]6{ ;Grfngdf cfPsf] 5 .

sl/j !) s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] nfutdf wgs'6f gu/kflnsf j8f g+=! lqz'n]df ;Grfngdf cfPsf] xf]/fOhg dfpG6]g l/;f]6{ lj/f6gu/l:yt/Tgf xf]6nsf ;Grfnsn] lgdf{0f ul/ ;Grfngdf NofPsf x' g\ . l/;f]6{sf k|aGw lgb]{zs /]jtaxfb'/ yfkfsf cg';f/ !@ dlxgfg} lr;f] x' g];f] :yfgsf] %@ /f]kgL If]qkmndf vf]lnPsf] pQm l/;f]6{ rf/tf/] :t/sf]xf] . l/;f]6{df ;a} ;' ljwfo'Qm $@ cf]6f sf]7f 5g\ .b'Ocf]6f ;]ldgf/ xn ;d]t /x]sf] l/;f]6{df Ps ;o $) b]lv b'O{ %) JolQmc6fpg] Ifdtf /x]sf] 5 .

To;}ul/ @% hgf Ifdtfsf] Pp6f a}7s sf]7fsf] ;d]t Joj:yf /x]sf]5 . Pp6f :jL6 ?d ;d]t /x]sf] l/;f]6{df skf]{/]6 ldl6ªsf] nflu pko'Qmaf]8{ ?d klg /flvPsf] 5 . x]nL Kof8sf] ;d]t ;' ljwf /x]sf] l/;f]6{dftLg ;d"xnfO{ vfg x' g] ul/ lkslgs :kf]6{sf] ;d]t Joa:yf ldnfOPsf] l/;f]6{sf k| jGw lgb]{zs yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP . lkslgs :kf]6{df tLg;d"x ul/ Ps ;o %) hgf cF6fpg ;S5g\ . yfkf g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf k"j{ ;b:o ;d]t x' g . tLg jif{ cl3b]lv lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] l/;f]6{ df b'Ocf]6f …xgLd' gÚ s6]hsf];d]t Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} cGo 5'§} rf/j6f s6]h klg lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . k"j{df ko{6gsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg]{ pb]Zo cg';f/ l/;f]6{sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] xf] . …:t/Lo 6' l/hdsf] ljsf; xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] Wo]o xf]Ú

pgL eG5g\ .;d'G› ;txaf6 & xhf/ ̂ ;o lkm6 prfOdf /x]sf] k|fs[lts ?kdf ;w}+ lr;f] eO/xg] lxn]df cjl:yt of] l/;f]6{n]] k"jL{ g]kfns} k| ltlglwTj ug]{yfkfsf] bfjL 5 . ljz]if ul/ ef/tLo ko{6snfO{ nlIft u/]/ vf]lnPsf] l/;f]6{ t];|f] b]zsf ko{6ssf] nflu ;d]t pko'Qm x'g] ul/ cfjZosJoj:yfkg ul/Psf] yfkfn] atfP . …clxn]sf] xsdf ef/tLo ko{6sx¿xfd|f cltly x' g . eljiodf cGo ko{6sx¿ klg leq\ofpg ;lsg] cfzf5 .Ú pgL eG5g\ . x]nLsK6/af6 ;fO8 l;g;Dd hfg ;Sg] ;' ljwf l/;f]6{n] lbPsf] 5 . ko{6s k

Documents

Arthabeat Magh