ASHTABANDHANAM-5.docx

8/10/2019 ASHTABANDHANAM-5.docx

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ABSTRACT:

Bandhanam means fixing an idol to its pedestal or peetham, inside the sanctum

sanctorum of the temple. Ashtabandhanam is bandhanam made with a mixture of eight

elements.Ashtabandhanam is by nature flexible like rubber. Through repeated pouring of abhishekha

dravyams, and the action of atmospheric oxidants, the Ashtabandhanam loses its flexibility, becomesrigid and causes a lot of fissures. Through these fissures the abhisheka dravyams seep in and attack

the yantra embedded under the Upapeetam, hiding the Bijaksharamantras inscribed on the yantra,

which results in lowering the pranic spiritual power of the deity. Therefore it is highly recommended

that Bandhanam should be done regularly at 12 year intervals to infuse the deity with divine power.

Keywords:

Parametric Design, Spur Gear, CATIA V5, RSM, Tauchi method, ANSYS 14.0

INTRODUCTION:

Ashtabandhanam:Ashta means 8 in Sanskrit and Bandhanam means tying or fixing. Ashtabandhanam is the

process of attaching an idol to its pedestal (peetham) with a clay-like paste made of 8 specific herbs

mixed with wood lac, limestone powder, resin, red ochre, aloevera, papaya leaf, bitter gourd leaf, andbeeswax.The paste is formed into long rolls about 2 cm thick and applied directly around the base of the

idol, so that the cemented joints become watertight. This process is believed to keep the idol rejuvenated

for a period of 12 years. When the Bandhanam is performed with gold (Swarnabandhanam), therejuvenating power of the deity is believed to last for a period of 100 years.

The Ashtabandhanam paste is pliable like rubber. Through repeated interactions with abhishekha

dravyams - materials used to bathe the idol during daily worship like water, milk, buttermilk, sandalpaste and oils - and atmosphericoxidants,the paste loses its flexibility, becomes rigid and gets riddled

with a lot of fissures. Through these fissures, the abhisheka dravyams percolate and attack the Yantra

embedded under the peetham, obliterating the Bijaksharamantras --mantras of sacred syllables (bija)--

that are inscribed on theYantra,and this is believed to contribute to the lowering of the pranic spiritualpower of the deity with the passage of time.

Properties:

The idol, made of a specific black stone is the carrier of this energy. This energy is maintainedand enhanced by constant worship. Worship includes the bathing of the idol with water, milk, sandal

wood, fruit mix, honey, oil, ghee and the like. Food is offered in the form of incense, flowers, fruit and

rice to the deity.
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SPUR GEAR:

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or diskwith the teeth projecting radially, and although they are not straight-sided in form (they are usually ofspecial form to achieve constant drive ratio, mainly involute), the edge of each tooth is straight and

aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears can be meshed together correctly only if they are

fitted to parallel shafts.WM Berg manufactures Spur Gears which have straight teeth cut on the rim,parallel to the axis of rotation. Spur Gears are the most common & cost-effective type of gear. Spur

Gears are designed to transmit motion & power between parallel shafts, which rotate in opposite

directions.Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing SpurGears. Electric screwdrivers, oscillating sprinklers, windup alarm clocks, washing achines, clothe dryers

& conveyors are just a few everyday machines where spur gears are used. Spur gears are also used in

construction equipment, machine tools, marine hoists, turbine drives, multi-spindle drives, indexing

equipments& roller feeds

SPUR GEAR TYPES

ANTI-BACKLASH GEARS

An Anti-Backlash Gear is a gear having minimum or no backlash (lash or play)

Designed for precision applications (i.e. radio tuning dial)

Springs are used for tensioning

Plastic, brass, stainless steel & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing

Available in several different pitches (2496)

In order for anti-backlash gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch

(pitch) & pressure angle (PA)

CLUSTER GEARS

A series or clusters of spur gears on a shaft or gear blank, each with varying diameters.
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GEAR BLANKS

We can conveniently provide the spur gear blank, as in the case where you the number of teeth

cannot be specified yet. Or, we can provide the spur gear blanks, where you can cut to your desired

lengths.

PINION SHAFTS

A Pinion Shaft is a cylindrical piece with teeth that run parallel to the length of the shaft.

RATCHETS AND PAWLS

The ratchet portion consists of a gear wheel or linear rack with teeth, while the pawl is a spring-loaded pivoting component. Either the teeth or the pawl, are slanted at an angle. Such a system is

designed for unidirectional movement, and thus almost zero backlash.

Spur Gear Materials

17-4 PH STAINLESS STEEL

Type 17-4PH (precipitation-hardening) stainless steel is arguably the most common of

stainless steels. This type of stainless steel has a high level of strength and a moderate level of corrosionresistance. Type 17-4PH stainless steel can be found in a wide variety of applications including medicaldevices, aerospace platforms, as well as chemical and food processing.

303 STAINLESS STEEL

Type 303 Stainless Steel is another popular form of stainless steel that posses non-magneticproperties. This type of stainless steel is strong, but not as strong as 17-4PH, and it cannot be heat-

treated. Type 303 stainless steel has a high level of resistance to corrosion, and is popular withapplications involving surgical devices.

ALUMINUM ANODIZED

To guard against oxidation, aluminum can be strengthened and be made more durable through

the anodizing process. This process involved placing the material in a chemical bath. After an electric ispassed, a coating for anodized aluminum is formed, thus providedincreased durability.

BRASS

Brass is a metal that is an alloy of copper and zinc. Brass is commonly used in applications

where low friction is required. Hence, using brass for gear manufacturing is popular. However, brass is

much more susceptible to stress fractures than stainless steel.
http://www.wmberg.com/products/Gear-Blanks.aspxhttp://www.wmberg.com/products/Pinion-Shafts.aspxhttp://www.wmberg.com/products/Ratchets-Pawls.aspxhttp://www.wmberg.com/products/Ratchets-Pawls.aspxhttp://www.wmberg.com/products/Pinion-Shafts.aspxhttp://www.wmberg.com/products/Gear-Blanks.aspx


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CAST POLYURETHANE

Cast Polyurethane is advantageous in that it can be shaped into virtually any kind of shape. It is

one of the strongest and abrasive-resistant elastomers available. Cast polyurethane can be developed

with varying levels of coefficients of friction, be made flame resistant, and can be made to be flexible at

very low temperatures.

SPUR GEAR STYLES :

CLAMP HUB

A spur gear that utilizes a clamping hub (a small rod that projects from the side of the gear) to

tighten the inner diameter of the gear around the shaft, or accompanying component.

HUBLESS

Hubless Spur gears typically rely on friction, via press-fitting, or some compound adhesive to be

attached to a shaft, or accompanying component.

PIN HUB

Pin Hub Spur gears are similar to clumping hubs, except this style of spur gear utilizes a pin to

tighten the gear around the shaft, or accompanying component.

ADVANTAGES OF SPUR GEAR:

Spur gears have high power transmission efficiency.

They are compact and easy to install.

They offer constant velocity ratio.

Unlike belt drives, spur gear drives have no slip.

Spur gears are highly reliable.

DISADVANTAGES OF SPUR GEAR:

Spur gear drives are costly when compared to belt drives. They have a limited center distance. This is because in a spur gear drive, the gears should be

meshed and they should be in direct contact with each other.

Spur gears produce a lot of noise when operating at high speeds.

They cannot be used for long distance power transmission.


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APPLICATIONS OF SPUR GEAR:

Spur gears have a wide range of applications. They are used in:

Metal cutting machines

Power plants Marine engines

Mechanical clocks and watches

Fuel pumps

Washing Machines

Gear motors and gear pumps

Rack and pinion mechanisms

Material handling equipments

Automobile gear boxes

Steel mills

Rolling mill


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CALCULATIONS:

ASHTABANDHANAM:

Power (P) = 45kw

Speed (N) = 800rpm

Speed ratio (i) = 3.5

Pressure angle () = 20o(full depth)

Maximum shear stress () = 180 N/mm2.

SELECT MATERIAL:

Ashtabandhanam[tying or fixing process]

GEAR RATIO AND NUMBER OF TEETH:

i=3.5

Assume Z1=18 teeth , Z2=63 teeth [iZ1=Z2]

CALCULATION OF TANGENTIAL LOAD:

Ft= (P/V)K V =

=

=

Ft =

= 0.75m (mm/sec)

Ko =1.5 assume

DYNAMIC LOAD:

Fd =

CV=

=

CV= 0.333

Fd=


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BEAM STRENGTH:

Fs=b.y DDB-8.53

= y =0.308

Fs=1741.7m2 b =10m

MODULE:

Fd Fs DDB-8.2

= 1747.1m

2

m =5.3

m =6

RECALCULATION:

Face width (b) = 10m = 60mm.

pcd of pinion d1=Z1.m =186 =108mm.

Velocity v = 4.52103mm/sec.

ORIGINAL BEAM STENTGH:

FS =.M.b.b.y

=6180600.308

FS=62.7103N

ACTUAL DYNAMIC LOAD:

Fb=Ft+Fi

=Ft+

=9.96 +()

Fd =60.39103N

Fd < Fs [Design is safe]


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MAXIMUM WEAR LOAD:

FW =d1b1Qkw

FW =25.97103N

BASIC DIMENSION OF GEARS:

1) M =6mm module

2) Center distance (a) =

=243mm

3) Tooth depth (h) =22.5mm


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TENSILE TESTING

S.NO MATERIALS LOAD (kN) ULTIMATE

STRESS

(MPa)

AVERAGE VALUE OF

ULTIMATE STRESS

(MPa)

1 STELL 822.7 180 174174

168

2 ASHTABANDHANA 676.5

148

152.66150

160

ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTING

S.NO MATERILAS LOAD INTRNTOR ROCKWELL

HARDNESS

AVERAGE

HARDNESS

TESTING

1 STELL

1001/16 inch

(1.588 mm)

50 HRB

50HRB100 57 HRB

100 49 HRB

2ASHTABANDHANA

1001/16 inch

(1.588 mm)

45 HRB

45.66 HRB100 47 HRB

100 45 HRB


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ASHTABANDHANAM-5.docx