AVR. Учебный курс. - paulfertser.infopaulfertser.info/AVR_DI_HALT.pdf · 4 avr. Учебный курс. Постановка задачи Этот пост можно

DI HALT

AVR. .

v. 1.1

, 2012

2

AVR. . ........................................................................................ 4

AVR. . . . ........................................... 5

C vs Assembler ................................................................................................................................................. 8

AVR. . ..................................................................................................... 10

AVR Studio ....................................................................................................................................... 15

AVR Studio Linux. ..................................................................................................................................... 23

AVR. . . .......................................................................... 27

AVR. . ........................................................................................ 35

AVR. . ............................................................ 47

AVR. . ............................................................... 60

AVR. . .............................................. 65

AVR. . .............................................................................. 69

AVR. . ..................................................................... 80

AVR. . ...................................................................................... 80

AVR. . . . .................................................. 84

AVR. . . . ................................. 85

AVR. . . ............................. 92

AVR. . . .................................................. 96

AVR. . . . .................................................... 100

AVR. . . ........................................................ 105

AVR. . ................................................ 107

AVR. . - ............................. 110

. . ............................................................................. 117

AVR. . .................................................................. 128

SinaProg AVRDude ............................................................... 131

AVR. . Bootloader .............................................................. 137

PinboardProg PinBoard ISP ............................................................................................................................................... 145

AVR. . FUSE ........................................................................ 150

PinBoard v1.1..................................................................................................... 154

AVR. . -. ............................. 167

AVR Studio HAPSim ............................................................................................................................... 181

AVR. . ........................................................................................................... 182

AVR. . ............................................................................... 188

AVR. . UART ........................................................... 201

UART ............................................................................................................ 213

AVR. . EEPROM ........................................................................ 213

AVR. . ............................... 214

AVR. . ................................................................................. 217

AVR. . UART. ................................................................................................................................................. 220

. ......................................... 226

. ..................................... 227

AVR. . . 1 ................................................................. 230

AVR. . . 2 ................................................................. 234

AVR. . . 3 ................................................................. 236

AVR. . . 4 ................................................................. 239

AVR. . ....................................... 244

AVR. . AVR LCD HD44780 ............................ 248

3

AVR. . LCD HD44780 ........................................ 254

AVR. . ................................................................................. 257

AVR. . .............................. 259

AVR JTAG ICE ......................................................................... 264

AVR. . . 1 ................................................ 272

AVR. . . 2. ............................................... 285

AVR. . . 3 ................................................ 292

AVR. . . 4 ................................................ 301

AVR. . . . .............. 304

AVR. . . , ........................................................................................................................................................ 310

AVR toolchain ........................................................................................................... 320

AVR. . .......................................................................... 322

AVR. . 2 ........................................................ 327

AVR. . . 3 ...................................................... 334

AVR. . . 4 ...................................................... 337

AVR. . ..................................................................................... 350

AVR. . ........................................................................ 353

.................................................................................................... 358

.......................................................................................................... 360

USI TWI .............................................. 364

AVR. . AVR TWI IIC (i2c) . 370

AVR. . - .............................................. 386

Bootloadera ............................................................................................................................ 394

AVR. . . ............................................................... 399

................... 404

................................................................................................. 408

- ++ ............................... 415

................................................................................. 443

. 450

AVR. . .......................................................... 471

............................................................................ 477

WG12864 KS0107 ........ 483

FT2232D AVR. JTAG ...................................................................... 497

4

AVR. .

, AVR. .

, . . , ATMega16 400 .

, , , - . , . . , , , , , .

- , ,

. , .

, . . , , , . . .

. , .

. , , . , . AVR Studio.

, , . .. . , , .

. , . , . .

, .

, , . , :) . ,

. . , . , , . , . . . ERRATA, . .

. . 21 , 20 , 97

, , , . 13 =)))) .

, , , - .

5

, . .

(), () , ()?

, :))) ! , , , , , . , , . :)

. , . . , , . .

AVR Studio - ( . narod.yandex.ru [1]), . .

! ? . , , . , Pinboard [2] .

, , ,

. . , .

, LCD . . AVR -, , . , :)

, . , , , . .

. . , , .

, , LCD -.

. , , .

. . , .

, . , , . , . .

, , =))))

.. ,

. , . , .

AVR. . . .

http://narod.yandex.ru/http://shop.easyelectronics.ru/index.php?productID=147

6

, , .

(, - ), ,

, , , , . . .

, , . .. ( 6 ) 1 ( , +5), 0 ( , 0.1 ) .

( ) ( ). , 0 1 , 0 ( ) 0 1024 ( 255, )

, , . . , , ,

, . , .

.

. . , , . MSC-51 MSC-51, , intel 8051

. 51. 8- , , CISC . .. , ( 12 24 , ), , . MSC-51 AT89C51, , , Silicon Laboratories , ,

UARTa USB CAN, , 100 . , 51 . , .

Atmel AVR AVR Atmel. Atmel MSC-51 , AVR. 8- RISC

, RISC , 51, . AVR

, ATMega. , , . LPT . .

Microchip PIC. 8- RISC , , . . , , . PIC AVR, PIC ,

, . PICax , .

? , . , AVR MSC-51, PIC, .

7

Starcraft :) ? ? ? ? ,

. . AVR :

1. . , . , PIC. MSC-51 . AT89C51 , ? .

2. . PIC, . , , AVR 30-40 PIC . MSC-51 . , .

3. . . , , . PIC , . ! , . AVR PIC,

. - AtMega16A , .

4. . , AVR . ( ). .. ATTiny13 ATMega64 .

. AVR ( AT90S1200) . . . PIC12/16/18 . 12 ( Tiny AVR), 18 ( Mega AVR) 12 18, .

5. AVR. AVR 130 , Microchip PIC 35. PIC , . , , 35 !. . ? ! , . . ? ? , , ,

? ! . , .

6. . , . , . ? ;)

7. , . , . . AVR ( ) , :))))))

, AVR . ??? . . .

, .

ATmega16 16PI

AT Atmel

Mega . Tiny Xmega ( , ). , , , , . , , 6 20.

16 . . . Mega162 162 , 16 2 16. 88 88, 8 , 8 , 8. 48 168. . , 2313 2 . 313? :) 12 1 . , .

(). , . , V L , 2,7 . . , :) A P AVR PicoPower ..

. ,

8

. .. Mega16A

Mega16 . .

16 . 20 ;)

P . . , . P DIP . , , , , . SOIC ( S) TQFP ( A) . .

I . I . U . . .

:

ATMega16A-16PU ( 100-150), , . . , .

ATTiny2313-20SU / . ( 40), . .

ATmega48/88/168 . ( tqfp AVR), ( 100-150), .

ATmega128 . , , . ( 400)

C vs Assembler

, .

. ,

. , , . , , , , .

, , , . , , . .

Assembler+ , . ,

. , , . , , . . , . . , .

C- , , . , , , , ,

. . , , . ,

, AVR, , , . , . , , , .

, , .

, , , . , . ,

9

. , . , .. .

,

! , .

overhead. , flash , . , , , 16 , , .

ATTiny 1x , , . .

Assembler+ , , . . . ? , . (

)? , . , , , , , . , . ? ! ? ! ? , . , , , , . ,

, , , . , , ? . .

. , . , , . , .

Assembler- . , , . .

. , . .

+

, . . , , AVR ARM . AVR PIC. , HAL.

, 8 . . . 8-16 , 16 , .

, . .

, , . , , . ,

, , ??? ?!! . , . ( ), .

. ,

10

, , . , , .

. , . ? ? . , =)

, ? AVR?

, BascomAVR MicroPASCAL . . , .

, . , . AVR ARM, PIC, STM8 . . , , . .

, , . AVR PIC , , , . , . STM8 Cortex M3 Pascal . .

. . , CodeVision AVR (CVAVR) :

1 PORTB.7 = 1; // 7 B 1

? ! , .

. .. :

1 PORTB |= 1

11

. AVR . .

, , :

, , (Flash Programm Memory) - (ALU), ( ) (Program Counter). , .

: , . .

0000 flash ROM. ( ) (Instruction Decoder).

. - , , . . ( ) 1, .

, , .

ALU. , , . ,

, , , ( , ).

12

32 .

, . R0,R1,R2 R31. :

R0..R15 , . , , . .. , , . .

R16..R31 , .

R26R31 . , . , , X(R26:R27), Y(R28,R29), Z(R30:R31) .

32 . AVR Tiny12 Tiny11 , 32 .

. 64 4, . , Load Store.

, , , , . Load , Store . .

EEPROM

. . Flash

, ( Read Only), . . , EEPROM . . 100 000, . , , , . AVR, .

. . ALU, RAM, FLASH

, , , . , , . , , .

.

, . AVR, .

. . , , . ? .

-.

UART/USART . . , . .

/ . 100 . , . , AVR. . , .

13

. , . . .

I2C(TWI) IIC. . IIC .

SPI , IIC, . -. .

. , , , , >B A

14

High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

16K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory ( 16 )

512 Bytes EEPROM 8-bit ( 512 )

1K Byte Internal SRAM ( 1, 2 ? ! =) 64 . 640 ! :)

Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM Microcontroller ( 10 , 100 . )

Data retention: 20 years at 85C/100 years at 25C(1) ( AVR, 100 )

Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation ( . , )

Programming Lock for Software Security In-System ( , )

JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard Programmable Extensive On-chip Debug Support Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the JTAG Interface Flash ( JTAG )

Peripheral Features ( , )

Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes ( 8 , .

One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode ATmega16 ( 16 , )

Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator ( , )

Four PWM Channels ATmega16L ( )

8-channel, 10-bit ADC ( 10 . )

8 Single-ended Channels ( 8 )

7 Differential Channels in TQFP Package Only (7 . TQFP .. )

2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x ( )

Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface ( IIC )

15

Programmable Serial USART ( . )

Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface (SPI , )

Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator ( )

On-chip Analog Comparator ( )

Special Microcontroller Features ( )

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection ( )

Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator ( 20 . ! :) !)

External and Internal Interrupt Sources ( . )

Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby and Extended Standby ( )

I/O and Packages

32 Programmable I/O Lines

40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, and 44-pad QFN/MLF ( , )

Operating Voltages designs. 2.7 5.5V for ATmega16L 4.5 5.5V for ATmega16 ( . , )

Speed Grades 0 8 MHz for ATmega16L 0 16 MHz for ATmega16 ( . . , )

Power Consumption @ 1 MHz, 3V, and 25C for ATmega16L Active: 1.1 mA Idle Mode: 0.35 mA

Power-down Mode: < 1 A ( . 1 . 10 )

AVR Studio

.

atmel.com [1] AVR Studio. 30 .

, , . AVR Studio, , . , C:\AVR\

, , , D:\Work\AVR 8 , , . DOS, .

http://www.atmel.com/

16

, ( , , ) ,

GCC aka WinAVR , , .

. , , , . .

, New Project. .

17

: , .

. . :)))))

Finish Next. Next. . Next, :

, AVR Dragon ICE 2,

. . AVR Simulator AVR Simulator2 , . ? FINISH HIM! Finish.

18

, . :

[2]

. . , , , . ,

. , , . .

. , .

. .

. Mark ALL . .

/ . . !

. , . :)

. , .

Play .

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/Studio/AVRS4.gif

19

Stop . .

.

Enter Reset

. , .

Step Into . Step Over , ( , ). Step-Out . , , , Step Out , .

.

BreakPoint . .

.

Watch, , . .

, . .

:

, .. (JTAG STK500) . , .

, ,

1

2

.include "m8def.inc" ; ATMega8

NOP

:) .

, . :

20

[3]

I/O View , . I/O View . , . Tree View. . .

Show Bit numbers . . . . . , , .

Processor Processor, .

Program Counter . . , :

1

2

3

4

5

LDI R16,AddresL ; ,

?

LDI R17,AddresH

PUSH R17

PUSH R16 ; ICALL? ! .

RET ; !

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/Studio/AVRS6.gif

21

PC :)

Stack Pointer . , , . SP 0, , !!!111.

X, Y, Z 26 31, .

Cycle Counter . .

Frequensy . . ? ! . . , , .

Stop Watch ! . . .

. , .

SREG .

32 . ( ). , .

Memory . . , , .

Watch

Watch . , . , . / .

AVR Studio , .

. , . . .

AVR Studio: , . . , . . Debug -> AVR Simulations Options. , ? . . ( Fuse Bits ).

, , . F11, . , , . , . Run to Cursor, . .

BreakPoint . .. , ,

, . . Breakpoint F9, . . , F5 , , . , .

, ? , ? , . . . . , . , , !!! ( Athlon 950) , StopWatch , . 1024, 1. , . . Debug -> New Breakpoint . Programm Breakpoint . , . ;Data Breakpoint .

. , ,

22

//. . Location

. ,

. , , - 140 . 140 . 140 140 . , ! Breakpoint and tracepoint. ,

, . , .

, .

AVR Studio , . , : DDR= 0 PORT=1 !!! , AVR Studio

! PIN,

. , . ! . , Debug->Simulation Options Stimuli&Loggin , , . *.sti [ ]:[] :

000000006:01 000000010:02 000000014:03 000000018:04

000000022:05 000000026:06 000000030:07

, , :)))) stimuligenerator_net20 [4], ARV arv.radioliga.com [5] , , . , ( ). :)

.NET , 30 .Net Frame Work .

http://easyelectronics.ru/files/soft/stimuligenerator_net20.exehttp://arv.radioliga.com/

23

Message (

) . ( : ).

, . stimuligenerator [4]. , Must Have.

, , , . . UART INT. , ,

RX . :)))))

, . AVR Studio . , , Proteus . , UART . , .

AVR Studio Linux.

, , Atmel IDE OS Windows.

Linux - , . . Windows, ( Win ). Wine.

100%- . . ,

- . , , Windows , .

--, , . , . [1], .

http://easyelectronics.ru/files/soft/stimuligenerator_net20.exehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD

24

() Wine . ,

. Wine , .

: http://www.winehq.org/ [2]. . . Wine. , .. , . 1.0.1 ( 2008 ). 1.1.33, 1.1.36 (8 2010 ).

Downloads , . Debian, . Debian -.

. /etc/apt/sources.list ( root):

#echo "deb http://www.lamaresh.net/apt lenny main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

:

$wget http://www.lamaresh.net/apt/key.gpg

#apt-key add key.gpg

:

#apt-get update

#apt-get install wine

[3] aor_dreamer AVR Freaks.

winetricks:

$wget http://www.kegel.com/wine/winetricks

$bash winetricks

:

- corefonts

- dcom98

- gdiplus

- gecko

- mdac28

- msxml3

- vcrun2005

- allfonts

- fakeie6

( MS) AVR Studio [4] Atmel :

$wine AvrStudio4Setup.exe

( , ):

$wine "~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Atmel/AVR Tools/AvrStudio4/AVRStudio.exe"

( [5]).

. AVR Studio STK500 ( HVProg). FT232RL [6], /dev/ttyUSB0. COMx, .

. (root):

http://www.winehq.org/http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=viewtopic&p=482411#482411http://www.atmel.com/dyn/Products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725http://www.atmel.com/dyn/Products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/EJ7Sq7pPCnkTnOs1NhCwfw?feat=directlinkhttp://easyelectronics.ru/preobrazovatel-usb-uart-na-ftdi-ft232rl.html

25

#ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 /.wine/dosdevices/com1

/dev/ttyUSB0 (, COM : /dev/ttyS0);

< home_dir> ; com1 Win (, lpt1 ).

/ . ISP , HV . ( JTAG ICE , COM .DI HALT)

, , wine, - , .. .

: http://devmind.livejournal.com/ [7]

AVR. .

.

. . , . MOV Counter,Default_Count MOV R17,R16 R17 Counter, R16 Default_Count. ,

. . ;, //, AVR Studio C , /* */.

.include . , . .include . , , .exit .

.def . , R0, - R16. , .def .

1

2

.def schetchik = R0

.def pomoika = R16

R0 schetchik .

.undef ,

. . .

1 .undef pomoika

.equ .

, . , , , , , ,

- , , . , .equ! , , . , . , . , - , 1/2 = 0, 5/2 = 2

http://devmind.livejournal.com/

26

1

2

3

.equ Time = 5

.equ Acelerate = 4

.equ Half_Speed = (Accelerate*Time)/2

. AVR [1] (), (FLASH), EEPROM

, .

.CSEG , . , . , , .

: . , , , .

1

2

3

.CSEG

label: LDI R16,'A'

RJMP label

, label , LDI R16,A

, , . .

.ORG address , .. . . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

.CSEG

.ORG 0x0000

RJMP Start ; .

.ORG INT0addr ; External Interrupt0 Vector Address

RJMP INT0_expection

.ORG INT1addr ; External Interrupt1 Vector Address

RETI

.ORG OC2addr ; Output Compare2 Interrupt Vector Address

RJMP PWM_1

.ORG OVF2addr ; Overflow2 Interrupt Vector Address

RETI

.ORG ICP1addr ;Input Capture1 Interrupt Vector Address

RETI

.ORG 00032 ;

Start: LDI R16,0x54 ;

.db .

.dw .

.dd

.dq .

http://easyelectronics.ru/avr-uchebnyj-kurs-arxitektura.html

27

1

2

3

Constant: .db 10 ; 0Ah

Message: .db " "

Words: .dw 10, 11, 12

, 0,

, 000A, 000B, 000. , , , .dw.

.DSEG , . . , , .

.BYTE .

1

2

var1: .BYTE 1

table: .BYTE 10

var1 .

10 table . . , .

.EESEG EEPROM, . , , . flash db, dw, dd, dq.

MACRO . . , , .

1

2

3

4

.MACRO SUBI16 ; Start macro definition

subi @1,low(@0) ; Subtract low byte

sbci @2,high(@0) ; Subtract high byte

.ENDM ; End macro definition

@0, @1, @2 , . .

:

1 SUBI16 0x1234,r16,r17

, .

, .

, , , , .

. .

AVR. . .

, ,

. AVR Studio . , , , .

28

Pinboard [1] ATmega16, .

, , AVR . , , , .

AVR Studio ( ) :

:

http://shop.easyelectronics.ru/index.php?productID=147

29

[2]

. , . . .

. 130, ( , ) 4. , , . ,

.

. :

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18


;= Start macro.inc ========================================

; , .

;= End macro.inc ========================================

; RAM =====================================================

.DSEG ;

; FLASH ===================================================

.CSEG ;

; EEPROM ==================================================

.ESEG ; EEPROM

. 0 :) .

. , , .

, . , .

. , macro.inc, , . .

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/new/ak3.gif

30

, .

. .. , .

. .. 0000 0000 . , , . .

PC . . .., , 0000 0100 , 100 FFFF .

, . .CSEG . .

:

1

2

3

4

5

; FLASH ===================================================

.CSEG ;

NOP

NOP

NOP

? ! NOP . , 2 1 .

NOP ( ), .

(Ctrl+F7) / NOP ALT+O . 8. 8? Pinboard [1] 8. . .

. , . , , , AVR . ! .. . . View Memory Alt+4.

Programm. Flash . cols , .


31

. , , , . ..

. , , .

0000 NOP. , .

, 0000. , . 0000.

Programm Counter, .

, . F11, ,

1 . ,

32

NOP, ? FF . FF ,

invalid opcode, , , NOP, .

(Shift+F5) Program Counter 0000002 NOP. Program Counter , . ? !

. (, , ), , .

JMP 0000001.

1

2

3

4

5

.CSEG ;

NOP

NOP

NOP

JMP 0x000001

JMP, , Program Counter . 0000001.

, Program Counter ( PC) . , JMP , , . .

. , . . , :

OC 94 , 01 00 . .

. , , , , .. ( little-endian).

, AVR RJMP. , PC , PC . :

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

.CSEG ;

NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP PC+2

NOP

NOP

RJMP PC-6

33

9 NOP

, , .. RJMP +2. ,

, . PC . ..

1 JMP PC

.

, , . , +/-2047 . . , .

, 2 , . !!! .

, ? , ? ?

. , . C . . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

.CSEG ;

M1: NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP M2

NOP

M2: NOP

RJMP M1

NOP

, . . ,

. . , , . Low High

,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

.CSEG ;

M1: NOP

NOP

LDI ZL,low(M2) ;

LDI ZH,High(M2)

IJMP

NOP

NOP

NOP

M2: NOP

RJMP M1

NOP

LDI ( R16 R31) . , LDI R17,3 R17 3. R30 (ZL)

2, R31 (ZH) . (F11) , R30 R31 ( 31 , .. ,

34

). Program Counter Registers.

IJMP . ..

, Z. , X,Y,Z ? .

IJMP 2, . ? RJMP JMP. , .

. switch-case . , .

. ORG

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

; FLASH ===================================================

.CSEG ;

NOP

.ORG 0x0010

M1: NOP

NOP

LDI ZL,low(M2) ;

LDI ZH,High(M2)

IJMP

NOP

NOP

NOP

M2: NOP

RJMP M1

NOP

. 0000 NOP (

, . FF FF 00010 .

, ORG , 00010 .

? , , . .

35

-, , ( ).

, .

=) , , .

, . , , . , . =)

;))))))) ( , . )

, , , , .

-, X,Y,Z Registers. -, Cycle counter . AVR . Frequency , . -, Stop Watch . . ( ).

, . , ,

. , :))))))

AVR. .

, . .

(EEPROM .. , ):

RAM

ROM , flash,

, , . .

36

! ,

. .. 0000 001F , 005F - . , . , 0060 , .

, I/O

- ( 00 3F), . IO/Register OUT IN . :

IN/OUT -

LOAD/STORE RAM

. UDR 0x0C(02) .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

LDI R18,10 ; R18 10.

OUT UDR,R18 ; ,

; UDR 00

STS 0x2C,R18 ; . Store

; .

. ! - (OUT/IN)

. , .

. , AVR . -. , , ATMega88 ( Mega8) , - 3F.

, . OUT/IN , ?

.

37

, . ATMEL

memory mapped . .. , 3F Load/Store.

. m88def.inc - memory mapped.

:

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; ***** I/O REGISTER DEFINITIONS *****************************************

; NOTE:

; Definitions marked "MEMORY MAPPED"are extended I/O ports

; and cannot be used with IN/OUT instructions

.equ UDR0 = 0xc6 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ UBRR0L = 0xc4 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ UBRR0H = 0xc5 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ UCSR0C = 0xc2 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ UCSR0B = 0xc1 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ UCSR0A = 0xc0 ; MEMORY MAPPED

,

.equ OSCCAL = 0x66 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ PRR = 0x64 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ CLKPR = 0x61 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ WDTCSR = 0x60 ; MEMORY MAPPED

.equ SREG = 0x3f ;

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IN , , , .

.

, . , , Memory Map. , .

.DSEG ?

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;= Start macro.inc ===============================

;

;= End macro.inc =================================

; RAM =============================================

.DSEG ;

; FLASH ===========================================

.CSEG ;

; EEPROM ==========================================

.ESEG ; EEPROM

.DSEG . . . ? .

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.DSEG

Variables: .byte 3

Variavles2: .byte 2

.byte , . , Variables , Variables2 .

, Atmega16, RAM 00060, :

Variables = 00060 Variables2 = 00063

( ):

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0x0060 ## ;Variables

0x0061 ##

0x0062 ##

0x0063 ## ;Variables2

0x0064 ##

0x0065 ## ; Variables4

## . FF. ,

, . ! , . .

, void . .

39

. .. . . .

, . .

.ORG ,

, . ORG 0000 , R0 . 16 ORG 00060. - . , SRAM_START .

m16def.inc .

, 100 , .

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.DSEG

.ORG SRAM_START+100

Variables: .byte 3

, 100.

, . ? . LOAD STORE .

, , .

Store (ST**), Load (LD**).

R16R31, . . Variables, 1. .. Variables++

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.DSEG

Variables: .byte 3

Variavles2: .byte 1

.CSEG

; , .

LDS R16, Variables ; Variables R16

LDS R17, Variables+1 ; Variables R17

LDS R18, Variables+2 ; R18

; 1, .. AVR ,

; , . , .

SUBI R16,(-1) ; SUBI , -(- +

SBCI R17,(-1) ; . .

SBCI R18,(-1) ;

STS Variables,R16 ; .

STS Variables+1,R17

STS Variables+2,R18

. .

1 .DSEG

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Variables: .byte 3

Variavles2: .byte 1

.CSEG

;

LDI YL,low(Variables)

LDI YH,High(Variables)

; , .

LD R16, Y+ ; Variables R16

LD R17, Y+ ; Variables R17

LD R18, Y+ ; R18

; 1, .. AVR ,

; , . , .

SUBI R16,(-1) ; SUBI , -(- +

SBCI R17,(-1) ; . .

SBCI R18,(-1) ;

ST -Y,R18 ; .

ST -Y,R17 ;

ST -Y,R16

. , 1. 1, .

. / LDD/STD (X,Y,Z). , .

, . , , . , , , , .

? , , , . Jima [1] , , ,

. . :))))

, . ? . . .. , .

, . SP,

SPL SPH. , 2313, SPL

, , , SP , . , .

, :

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LDI R16,Low(RAMEND)

OUT SPL,R16

LDI R16,High(RAMEND)

OUT SPH,R16

RAMEND .

http://jim.pp.ru/?p=3328

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, . PUSH Rn, POP Rn. Rn .

CALL, RCALL, ICALL, RET, RETI , .

- , , .

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.CSEG ;

LDI R16,Low(RAMEND) ;

OUT SPL,R16


OUT SPH,R16

LDI R17,0 ;

LDI R18,1

LDI R19,2

LDI R20,3

LDI R21,4

LDI R22,5

LDI R23,6

LDI R24,7

LDI R25,8

LDI R26,9

PUSH R17 ;

PUSH R18

PUSH R19

PUSH R20

PUSH R21

PUSH R22

PUSH R23

PUSH R24

PUSH R25

PUSH R26

POP R0 ;

POP R1

POP R2

POP R3

POP R4

POP R5

POP R6

POP R7

POP R8

POP R9

SP. Stack Pointer , Program Counter.

. :

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[2]

. , , . SP . . PUSH :


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[3]

, POP, . , . ! , . .


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[4]

, . , . .

?

, (CALL, RCALL, ICALL, RET, RETI), .

, , R17 R16 . ? . , .

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PUSH R16

PUSH R17

POP R16

POP R17

, .

, . . !

. LDIL LDI low


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.MACRO LDIL

PUSH R17 ; .

LDI R17,@1 ;

MOV @0,R17 ; .

POP R17 ; .

.ENDM

.

1 LDIL R0,18

, .

, State , , 00450. . , , . 3, , 4 , 5 - 255 . 3 4, 10

3. , , , , , 20, . . - .

, . , - ( ) . , , , .. .

, .

. , , . . - .

. . , . , ( ), . , . .

, , , . ( ) , .

, , , . . , , PUSH POP. , .. , , .

, . . .

. =)))) , PUSH POP, SP, . . ? , :))))

, 86 . .. , , , .

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, SP , . POP , .

AVR ( , , , .

. .

- , .

EEPROM , , , , , .

. , , .

, ? - . , .CSEG , , data , .db, .

DB . DW ( DD DQ).

1 data: .db 12,34,45,23

, data , ,

.

, , . , , 2 4 .

. , .

Load Program Memory

, LPM Rn,Z

Rn Z. , Z , R30 (ZL) R31 (ZH). R30 , R31 .

:

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LDI ZL,low(data*2) ; , Z

LDI ZH,high(data*2) ; , Z

; - ,

; , .

;

;

LPM R16, Z ; R16

12,

; .

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; , .CSEG

data: .db 12,34,45,23

AVR. .

, . .

, , , UDR , :

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.CSEG


OUT SPL,R16 ; !!!


OUT SPH,R16

.equ Byte = 50

.equ Delay = 20

LDI R16,Byte ;

Start: OUT UDR,R16 ;

LDI R17,Delay ;

M1: DEC R17 ; 1

NOP ;

BRNE M1 ; 0? 0

OUT UDR,R16 ;

LDI R17,Delay ;

M2: DEC R17

NOP

BRNE M2

OUT UDR,R16

LDI R17,Delay

M3: DEC R17

NOP

BRNE M3

RJMP Start ;

.

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LDI R17,Delay

M2: DEC R17

NOP

BRNE M2

CALL (ICALL, RCALL, CALL)

RET

:

1 .CSEG

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OUT SPL,R16 ; !!!


OUT SPH,R16

.equ Byte = 50

.equ Delay = 20

LDI R16,Byte ;

Start: OUT UDR,R16 ;

RCALL Wait

OUT UDR,R16

RCALL Wait

OUT UDR,R16

RCALL Wait

OUT UDR,R16

RCALL Wait

RJMP Start ; .

Wait: LDI R17,Delay

M1: DEC R17

NOP

BRNE M1

RET

, . ,

. RCALL RET .

, , . R16 UDR RCALL , Wait . , , .

RCALL

49

[1]

RCALL , PC = 0000006, (OUT UDR,R16), , 0000007. SP = 0x045F , .

RCALL

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/new/ak_1.gif

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[2]

, 0000007, 0x045D, Wait.

, , RET 0000007 OUT UDR,R16

, Wait , . .

? ? Wait , ,

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Wait: LDI R17,Delay

M1: DEC R17

NOP

BRNE M1

PUSH R17 ; , !

RET

=) , . , :)


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PUSH R17 00 07, R17 , , , , 00 00 07.

RET , ! RET Programm Counter.

? 00 00, , RCALL.

R17 00, - , . .

, . !!! . . !, RET , .

, . , ? =))) ? , RET , , . !

, , (, , 8080, , AVR):

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LDI R17,low(M1)

PUSH R17

LDI R17,High(M1)

PUSH R17

; ...

; , , ,

RET

M1, RJMP M1. IJMP, Z

, . .

, .

, .

. , , . . , .

vs . , , 2 . . - , CALL-RET .

. .

.

, USART , EEPROM .

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. , , , . .

, USART ,

, .. , . .

AVR , , . , USART , , .

, , ( CALL) , , ?

. . . . 16, Pinboard [3] :

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RESET 0x0000 ; Reset Vector

INT0addr 0x0002 ; External Interrupt Request 0


OC2addr 0x0006 ; Timer/Counter2 Compare Match

OVF2addr 0x0008 ; Timer/Counter2 Overflow

ICP1addr 0x000a ; Timer/Counter1 Capture Event

OC1Aaddr 0x000c ; Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A

OC1Baddr 0x000e ; Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B



SPIaddr 0x0014 ; Serial Transfer Complete

URXCaddr 0x0016 ; USART, Rx Complete

UDREaddr 0x0018 ; USART Data Register Empty

UTXCaddr 0x001a ; USART, Tx Complete

ADCCaddr 0x001c ; ADC Conversion Complete

ERDYaddr 0x001e ; EEPROM Ready

ACIaddr 0x0020 ; Analog Comparator

TWIaddr 0x0022 ; 2-wire Serial Interface


OC0addr 0x0026 ; Timer/Counter0 Compare Match

SPMRaddr 0x0028 ; Store Program Memory Ready

, .

. , JMP , , .

, ORG .

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.CSEG

.ORG $000 ; (RESET)

RJMP Reset

.ORG $002

RETI ; (INT0) External Interrupt Request 0

.ORG $004


.ORG $006

RETI ; (TIMER2 COMP) Timer/Counter2 Compare Match

.ORG $008

RETI ; (TIMER2 OVF) Timer/Counter2 Overflow

.ORG $00A

RETI ; (TIMER1 CAPT) Timer/Counter1 Capture Event

.ORG $00C


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RETI ; (TIMER1 COMPA) Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A

.ORG $00E

RETI ; (TIMER1 COMPB) Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B

.ORG $010


.ORG $012


.ORG $014

RETI ; (SPI,STC) Serial Transfer Complete

.ORG $016

RJMP RX_OK ; (USART,RXC) USART, Rx Complete

.ORG $018

RETI ; (USART,UDRE) USART Data Register Empty

.ORG $01A

RETI ; (USART,TXC) USART, Tx Complete

.ORG $01C

RETI ; (ADC) ADC Conversion Complete

.ORG $01E

RETI ; (EE_RDY) EEPROM Ready

.ORG $020

RETI ; (ANA_COMP) Analog Comparator

.ORG $022

RETI ; (TWI) 2-wire Serial Interface

.ORG $024


.ORG $026


.ORG $028

RETI ; (SPM_RDY) Store Program Memory Ready

.ORG INT_VECTORS_SIZE ;

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

; . , ,

; .

RX_OK: IN R16,UDR ;

RETI ; RETI

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Reset: LDI R16,Low(RAMEND) ;

OUT SPL,R16 ; !!!


OUT SPH,R16

SEI ;

LDI R17,(1

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RESET. . , SEI, . UCSRB .

USART .

. , , Reset,

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M1: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP M1

. ? !

, . RXC UCSRA, USART. RXC , . , .

F11, , ,

1

2

.ORG $016

RJMP RX_OK ; (USART,RXC) USART, Rx Complete

RX_OK, UDR R17 , RETI.

, .

, , :

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[4]

, .

, . -, SREG ( ) I (interrupt) 0, , , .

1, , .

SEI

CLI (, , DI , , CLI, Z80 ;) )

, . UDR RXCIE (Receive Complete Interrupt Enable)

, , . , .


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, , , , .

RETI

. , . ( ) , , , start. , .

, . , , RESET .. .

, . .. , , , . , . :)

, . . . .

, . ( , ).

, , - . , RxC UDR. , RxC

1 IN R16,UDR

. ! ! .

, ?

, I, RETI, , 1. , , RET RETI

! SEI .

. , . . .

? ?

, . , ( ), .

, , . . SEI!!! ? , , . .

. , ,

, , .

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, . , .

- , .

, . , , .

, , , , 95% .

, . .

!!!

, , , . , .

, , . SREG, . .

: USART 10, t (ten ).

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RX_OK:

IN R16,UDR

CPI R16,10

BREQ Ten

RJMP Exit

Ten: LDI R17,'t'

OUT UDR,R17

Exit:

. , , .

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. . .

LPM R18,Z

CPI R18,0

BREQ ExitStr

SUBI R16,65

LSL R16

LDI ZL,Low(Ltrs*2)

LDI ZH,High(Ltrs*2)

ADD ZL,R16

ADC ZH,R1

. . .

, . , :

1 . . .

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LPM R18,Z

CPI R18,0

BREQ ExitStr

SUBI R16,65

>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>

RX_OK:

IN R16,UDR

CPI R16,10

BREQ Ten

RJMP Exit

Ten: LDI R17,'t'

OUT UDR,R17

Exit: RETI

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Ten: LDI R17,'t'

OUT UDR,R17

; .

;

Exit: POP R17

POP R16

OUT SREG R16

POP R16

RETI ; . .

? , , , .

!!! , , . . , . . ! ! ! .

!

. . , , EEPROM. ?

. ,

, . .

, , , - . ! .

, , , , , .

. , 16 .

-, 16 , . , .

.. .

CLI, SEI.

.

, (), . . , , , - . , .

, , , .

60

!!!

, .

, , . , . , , .

( NOP) . .

. :) [5]

AVR. .

AVR ( , , ) SREG.

, . , , SREG .

SREG . Status Register. . 1 0, .

, .

, Z (Zero) 1, .

(Carry , ), , , 255.

.

I . 1 .

T . .

, 32 R0-R31 ( ). BLD Rn,bit BST Rn,bit

H . . 0001 0111 0000 1000, , . .

S . 1 . . S = V XOR N.

V . .

! , , -61 ? ! !

00 61 = 39 ! ! , ? , : 61 + 39 00 !

!!! () .. ( )

. .

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/new/old.htm

61

N . 7 1, 1.

Z . , . !

. , . Z I. , .

, , .

SE* CL* . , , CLI .

, Instruction Set Summary, .

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INC Rd Increment Rd = Rd + 1 Z,N,V

DEC Rd Decrement Rd = Rd 1 Z,N,V

TST Rd Test for Zero or Minus Rd = Rd AND Rd Z,N,V

CLR Rd Clear Register Rd = Rd XOR Rd Z,N,V

SER Rd Set Register Rd = $FF None

INC 1, , , . .

, . ? , -1 +1. 1 = FF. FF+1=1 00 , 1 , 00 ? :)

, , R17 R18

CP (, , Compare). , , R17 R18 , . , , , R17-R18 , R18 R17. , R17 R18. , . CPI Rn,### , ( ) . .

1 CP R17,R18

. BRANCH (). BR**

ATMEL . , ?

. 8, 16 . 8 , 8 . 20 .

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BRBC # # SREG=0

BRBS # # SREG=1

BRCS =1

BRCC =0

BREQ Z=1

BRNE Z=0

BRSH =0

BRLO =1

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BRMI N=1

BRPL N=0

BRGE S=0

BRLT S=1

BRHC H=0

BRHS H=1

BRTC T=0

BRTS T=1

BRVS V=1

BRVC V=0

BRID I=0

BRIE I=1

, , , , BRCS=BRLO BRCC=BRSH .

BRBS # BRBC # . , #.

:)

131 Powerful Instructions Most Single-clock Cycle Execution . 131 ! 131 , . .

, , , , .

, . - 51 AVR, , .

, (, J** BR** , ).

.

, .

= 1,

= 2,

13,

, R16

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CPI R16,1 ; R16 1

BREQ ActionA ; (EQual, Z=1)

; ,

CPI R16,2 ; R16 2

BREQ ActionB ;

; ,

CPI R16,13 ; R16. .. R16-13

BRCS ActionC ; , R16 13

; -

RJMP NoAction ;

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ActionA: NOP

NOP ;

NOP

RJMP NoAction ; , ActionB

ActionB: NOP

NOP ;

NOP

RJMP NoAction ; , ActionC

ActionC: NOP

NOP ;

NOP

NoAction: NOP

; NOP, , - .

? , :))))) if then switch-case -.

BR*** . 63 . .. . 63.

, , , . , Error out of range . ?

. .. , .

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ActionA: NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP NoAction

NOP ;

; . ..

; RJMP

; ActionB

ActionB: NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP NoAction

, , :

ActionA: NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP NoAction

;-----------------------------------

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Near: JMP FarFar_away

;------------------------------------

ActionB: NOP

NOP

NOP

RJMP NoAction

.. Near, JMP .

, , , CP.

Test & Skip

Branch : . , , Skip . =Clear, .. 0 S=Set, .. 1. S**C . S**S .

SBRC/SBRS

, . , .

:

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SBRC R16,3 ; 3 R16 = 0, , NOP

RJMP bit_3_of_R16_Not_Zer0

NOP

SBRS R16,3 ; 3 R16 = 1, , NOP

RJMP bit_3_of_R16_Zer0

NOP

SBIC/SBIS , . ,

. 1F . m16def.inc ( 16, )

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.equ UBRRH = 0x20

.equ UCSRC = 0x20

.equ EEARL = 0x1e

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.equ DDRC = 0x14

.equ PINC = 0x13

.equ PORTD = 0x12

.equ DDRD = 0x11

.equ PIND = 0x10

.equ SPDR = 0x0f

.equ SPSR = 0x0e

.equ SPCR = 0x0d

.equ UDR = 0x0c

.equ UCSRA = 0x0b

.equ UCSRB = 0x0a

.equ UBRRL = 0x09

.equ ACSR = 0x08

.equ ADMUX = 0x07

.equ ADCSRA = 0x06

.equ ADCH = 0x05

.equ ADCL = 0x04

.equ TWDR = 0x03

.equ TWAR = 0x02

.equ TWSR = 0x01

.equ TWBR = 0x00

. :))))

! !!! ??? . , . ?

. . , .

, UCSRC. , 1F - . , !

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IN R16, UCSRC ; , .

ANDI R16,1

66

? CPI ,

. CPI/BR** . , CPI , BR** . .

. ICALL IJMP. , , . , ( , ) , Z ( Z R30:R31 , ). , . , , , .

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Way0: NOP

Way1: NOP

Way2: NOP

Way3: NOP

Way4: NOP

, .

1 Table: .dw Way0, Way1, Way2, Way3, Way4

. , . ,

, . RJMP

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RJMP Kudato

; .

Table: .dw Way0, Way1, Way2, Way3, Way4

Kudato: NOP

NOP

() , . . :

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...

NOP

RET ;

;

Table: .dw Way0, Way1, Way2, Way3, Way4

SomeProc: NOP ;

NOP

...

, Way0Way4.

, dw!!! , , .

, map , . .

R20 , , . R21 , .

.

67

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LSL R20 ; R20 .

; , , 011=3 110=6 ? ;)

; ,

;

; , .

; , .

LDI ZL, low(Table*2) ; .

LDI ZH, High(Table*2) ; .

.

CLR R21 ; R21 - .

ADD ZL, R20 ; .

ADC ZH, R21 ; .

; . R21=0,

; . -

!

; .

;

; .

LPM R20,Z+ ; R20

LPM R21,Z ;

MOVW ZH:ZL,r21:r20 ; Z

/* ? !

. .. 0, Table,

Way0.

Way1, ( ).

, R20 1, LSL 2

Way1 . ? , : */

IJMP ; Way. ?

; :)

, [1]

. .

, (, , ). . ,

, AVR. ,

, AVR , ( Tiny 11/12) . . .

, CPI/BREQ . , . .. , , CPI/BR** .

. .

. ;), .

http://easyelectronics.ru/files/AVR/Haker3.asm

68

, . , , :

.

. , , . , .

. .

, :

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BladeUP: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

BladeDN: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

DriveON: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

DriveOFF: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

Forward: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

Back: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

RET

, .

, , .

1 Index: .dw BladeUP, BladeDN, DriveON, DriveOFF, Forward, Back

69

. :

1 TaskList: .byte 30

, ( ! !) .

TaskList, , , , , , , .

? . . , , , . , . , .

, . , .

. .. .

, . =) , .

AVR. .

,

, , . if-then-else case-switch. , . , , , . .

if-then-else . :

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9

if (>=B)

{

action_a

}

else

{

action_b

}

next_action

?

, R16,B R17, , , NOP,NOP,NOP. . . ( A B) , .

1

2

3

CP R16,R17 ;

BRCS action_b ; A>=B

;

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action_a: NOP ;

NOP

NOP

RJMP next_action ; B

;

; -- .

action_b: NOP ; B

NOP

NOP

next_action: NOP

NOP

NOP

, =B , Z.

- ( =0 =1). , if-then-else (BRCC BRCS), if (>=B) =B.

(), else =1, =B >B C . if (>=B) True BRCS then.

, BRCC (>=B) . A=B BRCC else.

. B:

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9

if (>B)

{

action_a

}

else

{

action_b

}

next_action

:

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CP R16,R17 ;

BREQ action_b ; ( Z), .

; .

BRCS action_b ; A>B

;

action_a: NOP ;

NOP

NOP

RJMP next_action ; B

;

; -- .

action_b: NOP ; B

NOP

NOP

next_action: NOP

NOP

71

21 NOP

? .

:

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9

if (C

72

SBI CBI , . :

CBI PORT,7 7 - PORT SBI PORT,6 6 - PORT

, 31 . 16 :

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.equ EEARH = 0x1f

.equ EEDR = 0x1d

.equ EECR = 0x1c

.equ PORTA = 0x1b

.equ DDRA = 0x1a

.equ PINA = 0x19

.equ PORTB = 0x18

.equ DDRB = 0x17

.equ PINB = 0x16

.equ PORTC = 0x15

.equ DDRC = 0x14

.equ PINC = 0x13

.equ PORTD = 0x12

.equ DDRD = 0x11

.equ PIND = 0x10

.equ SPDR = 0x0f

.equ SPSR = 0x0e

.equ SPCR = 0x0d

.equ UDR = 0x0c

.equ UCSRA = 0x0b

.equ UCSRB = 0x0a

.equ UBRRL = 0x09

.equ ACSR = 0x08

.equ ADMUX = 0x07

.equ ADCSRA = 0x06

.equ ADCH = 0x05

.equ ADCL = 0x04

.equ TWDR = 0x03

.equ TWAR = 0x02

.equ TWSR = 0x01

.equ TWBR = 0x00

. .

, - ( , ). ?

, , . , ? 1 3 TWCR, , 00001010 .

1 LDI R16,1

73

1 IN R16,TWCR

OR. , , . 1 .

1 ORI R16,1

74

1 XRI R16,mask,R17

. .. .

, . , .

1

2

3

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5

6

.MACRO XRI

PUSH R16

LDI R16,@1

EOR @0,R16

POP R16

.ENDM

,

1 XRI R17,Mask

R16, .. .

. , TWSR , TWI. ? AND 11111100 . .

. .

LSR Rn , . LSL Rn , .

.

ROL ROR

, . 9 . .

? , , .

:

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CLR R18 ; .

LDI R17,9 ;

LDI R16,0xAA ;

CLC ; , .

Loop: DEC R17 ;

BREQ End ; - .

ROL R16 ;

BRCC Loop ; 1 ,

INC R18 ;

RJMP Loop

End: NOP

75

, , ( , ).

1

2

ROL R16

BRCS Label ; 7 R16 .

1

2

ROR R16

BRCS Laber ; 0 R16 .

, , .

, 20 .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

LDI R17,20 ;

Loop: NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

DEC R17 ;

BRNE Loop

; ( Z)

, . . , , , , .

. ? , . , .

, . , , .

:

1

2

3

LDI R16, Delay

Loop: DEC R16

BRNE loop

Delay*2 . ( 8) 1.25-7 6.4E-5 . , , , .

, . 2 . , 536 .

, .

1

2

3

4

LDI R16,LowByte ;

LDI R17,MidleByte ;

LDI R18,HighByte

76

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8

9

loop: SUBI R16,1 ; 1

SBCI R17,0 ;

SBCI R18,0 ;

BRCC Loop ; - .

, 1 , ,

. , R16 , R17 256 , R18 65535 .

256*256*256 . , R31 =) , .. , BRCC 2 .

, , , . .

, . , , .

, . , , , , .

:

,

, . , , , .

.

:

!

? -- , .

( , ):

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10

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12

.DSEG

Counter: .byte 3 ; . .

.CSEG

MainLoop:

Do_One: NOP

Do_Two: NOP

Do_Three: NOP

77

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LDS R16,Counter ;

LDS R17,Counter+1

LDS R18,Counter+2

SUBI R16,1 ; 1

SBCI R17,0 ;

SBCI R18,0 ;

BRCC DoNothing ; ?

; !

YES: NOP ; ,

NOP

NOP

LDI R16,LowByte ;

LDI R17,MidleByte ;

LDI R18,HighByte

DoNothing: STS Counter,R16 ;

STS Counter+1,R17

STS Counter+2,R18

RJMP MainLoop

, Do_one, Do_Two, Do_Three ,

. , ! , .

, . ,

. , .

. , , . . . :)

LCD AVR. , , .

, . .

, LCD .

! :

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CMD_WR: CLI

RCALL BusyWait

CBI CMD_PORT,RS

CBI CMD_PORT,RW

SBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_OUT

OUT DATA_PORT,R17

RCALL LCD_Delay

CBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_IN

78

12

13

SEI

RET

!!!!

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11

12

13

DATA_WR: CLI

RCALL BusyWait

SBI CMD_PORT,RS

CBI CMD_PORT,RW

SBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_OUT

OUT DATA_PORT,R17

RCALL LCD_Delay

CBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_IN

SEI

RET

, , !

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CMD_WR: CLI

RCALL BusyWait

CBI CMD_PORT,RS

RJMP WR_END

DATA_WR: CLI

RCALL BusyWait

SBI CMD_PORT,RS

WR_END: CBI CMD_PORT,RW

SBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_OUT

OUT DATA_PORT,R17

RCALL LCD_Delay

CBI CMD_PORT,E

LCD_PORT_IN

SEI

RET

!!! ??? ! !!!

, , , LCD.c , , , .

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void lcdControlWrite(u08 data)

{

lcdBusyWait();

cbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_RS);

cbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_RW);

sbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_E);

outb(LCD_DATA_DDR, 0xFF);

outb(LCD_DATA_POUT, data);

LCD_DELAY;

LCD_DELAY;

cbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_E);

outb(LCD_DATA_DDR, 0x00);

outb(LCD_DATA_POUT, 0xFF);

79

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}

void lcdDataWrite(u08 data)

{

lcdBusyWait();

sbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_RS);

cbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_RW);

sbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_E);

outb(LCD_DATA_DDR, 0xFF);

outb(LCD_DATA_POUT, data);

LCD_DELAY;

LCD_DELAY;

cbi(LCD_CTRL_PORT, LCD_CTRL_E);

outb(LCD_DATA_DDR, 0x00);

outb(LCD_DATA_POUT, 0xFF);

}

, .

, , , , .

, , , , .

:

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void lcdInit()

{

lcdInitHW();

lcdControlWrite(LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT);

lcdControlWrite(1

80

AVR. .

, 0xFF. , . . , , / - , . , , , , , . .

, , , , . . :

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RAM_Flush: LDI ZL,Low(SRAM_START) ;

LDI ZH,High(SRAM_START)

CLR R16 ; R16

Flush: ST Z+,R16 ; 0

CPI ZH,High(RAMEND+1) ; ?

BRNE Flush ; ? !

CPI ZL,Low(RAMEND+1) ; ?

BRNE Flush

CLR ZL ;

CLR ZH

, , , 255 . . , .

1

2

3

4

5

LDI ZL, 30 ;

CLR ZH ;

DEC ZL ;

ST Z, ZH ; 0

BRNE PC-2 ;

Testicq

. , , . .

..

, . 1, , . [1]

AVR. .

. , . .

, , . , .

http://dihalt.ru/operativka.htmlhttp://dihalt.ru/operativka.html

81

, , ,

, , .

. .. , .

:

ORG 0000

,

, RETI

, , - . .

, , , .

, . , .

.

, , .

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;= Start macro.inc ========================================

.macro OUTI

LDI R16,@1

.if @0 < 0x40

OUT @0,R16

.else

STS @0,R16

.endif

.endm

.macro UOUT

.if @0 < 0x40

OUT @0,@1

.else

STS @0,@1

.endif

.endm

;= End macro.inc =======================================

. .

1

2

3

; RAM ===================================================

.DSEG

; END RAM ===============================================

, , :

1

2

; FLASH ======================================================

.CSEG

82

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46

.ORG $000 ; (RESET)

RJMP Reset

.ORG $002


.ORG $004


.ORG $006


.ORG $008


.ORG $00A

RETI ; (TIMER1 CAPT) Timer/Counter1 Capture Event

.ORG $00C

RETI ; (TIMER1 COMPA) Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A

.ORG $00E

RETI ; (TIMER1 COMPB) Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B

.ORG $010


.ORG $012


.ORG $014

RETI ; (SPI,STC) Serial Transfer Complete

.ORG $016

RETI ; (USART,RXC) USART, Rx Complete

.ORG $018

RETI ; (USART,UDRE) USART Data Register Empty

.ORG $01A

RETI ; (USART,TXC) USART, Tx Complete

.ORG $01C

RETI ; (ADC) ADC Conversion Complete

.ORG $01E

RETI ; (EE_RDY) EEPROM Ready

.ORG $020

RETI ; (ANA_COMP) Analog Comparator

.ORG $022

RETI ; (TWI) 2-wire Serial Interface

.ORG $024


.ORG $026


.ORG $028

RETI ; (SPM_RDY) Store Program Memory Ready

.ORG INT_VECTORS_SIZE ;

,

1

2

; Interrupts ==============================================

; End Interrupts ==========================================

. , , :

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Reset: LDI R16,Low(RAMEND) ;

OUT SPL,R16 ; !!!


OUT SPH,R16

; Start coreinit.inc

RAM_Flush: LDI ZL,Low(SRAM_START) ;

LDI ZH,High(SRAM_START)

CLR R16 ; R16

83

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46

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48

49

50

Flush: ST Z+,R16 ; 0

CPI ZH,High(RAMEND) ; ?

BRNE Flush ; ? !

CPI ZL,Low(RAMEND) ; ?

BRNE Flush

CLR ZL ;

CLR ZH

CLR R0

CLR R1

CLR R2

CLR R3

CLR R4

CLR R5

CLR R6

CLR R7

CLR R8

CLR R9

CLR R10

CLR R11

CLR R12

CLR R13

CLR R14

CLR R15

CLR R16

CLR R17

CLR R18

CLR R19

CLR R20

CLR R21

CLR R22

CLR R23

CLR R24

CLR R25

CLR R26

CLR R27

CLR R28

CLR R29

; End coreinit.inc

inc .

, . . , Internal Hardware Init :)

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; Internal Hardware Init ======================================

; End Internal Hardware Init ===================================

; External Hardware Init ======================================

; End Internal Hardware Init ===================================

; Run ==========================================================

; End Run ======================================================

, , .

1

2

; Main =========================================================

Main:

84

3

4

5

JMP Main

; End Main =====================================================

, . ,

. . .

1

2

3

; Procedure ====================================================

; End Procedure ================================================

[1]

AVR. . . .

,

. . , . . API , .

. Serg2x2 Motorola 892051, AVR, , ,

. AVR Copy-Paste.

( , ) . , . , , , .

:

Flash 500 , 400 , .

RAM 20 +, , .

STS LDS, , . , .

. ? :

.

.

, , .

? , , 1, 500, 200. ?

. , . , , , ?

http://easyelectronics.ru/img/AVR_kurs/new/avr_kurs_1.zip

85

:

1

3

5

_1: 1. 2 1

_2: 1. 1 1

_3: 2. 4 2

_4: 2. 3 2

_5: 3. 6 5

_6: 3. 5 5

. . . , . , .

Gameland , . , .

[1] . :)

AVR. . . .

[1] .

, . , , , .

http://easyelectronics.ru/files/AVR/HMTR-rtos.rarhttp://easyelectronics.ru/avr-uchebnyj-kurs-operacionnaya-sistema-vvedenie.html

86

, , RCALL :

, .

, .

, .

, .

, . . ,

Documents

AVR. Учебный курс. - paulfertser.infopaulfertser.info/AVR_DI_HALT.pdf · 4 avr. Учебный курс. Постановка задачи Этот пост можно