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AWAREAnalysis of Web Application
Requirements
Notation Guide
Davide Bolchini, Paolo Paolini
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 2
Scope of the Notation
• It is intended as a suggestion to:– document the results of the analysis– Support the analysis process
• Extensions may be defined
• Reformatting is possible
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 3
Outline
• User Analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Main Stakeholder analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Legenda & Semantics• Advanced Concepts• Examples
User Analysis
Persons & Profiling
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 5
Person CriteriaLIBRARY
ProfessioneLinguaLivello di conoscenza del sitoLivello di conoscenza di internetConoscenza del dominioVelocità di connessioneEtàPreferenzeMind-Set. . .
Criteria: <person_criteria>
Priority: <person_priority>
Description:<person_description>
<person_name>User Person
Criteria: profession
Priority: 0.4
Description:Italian student attending the last year at the high-school
Future USI studentUser Person
Person CriteriaLIBRARY
Access speedAgeDomain knowledgeInternet knowledgeLanguageMind-setPreferencesProfessionSite knowledge. . .
User Analysis
Goals
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 7
Check commentsof other critics
Check for new publications Depth
{art topics}
Check for recent acquisition
Explore the bibliographiesrelative to some work of art
See How to reachAccuracy
{practical info}
Check thecollection history
Art Critic
Check ticket priceand discount
Check the history of a work of art
Highest-level goals
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 8
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal refinement
Goal
Goal
User Profile name
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 9
Goal
User Profile name
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Requirement name
A
Requirement name
PRequirement
name
C
Requirement name
S
Requirement name
P
Requirement name
S
Requirement name
P
Goal
Requirements definition
User Analysis
Scenarios
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 11
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name>User scenario
Description
< narrative>
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name>User scenario
Description
• <Task description>• <Task description>• <Task description>• <Task description>
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name>User scenario
Description
• UML-like {Use case diagram, sequence diagram, …}
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name>User scenario
Description
A combination of the above described formats
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 12
Actor:Teacher
Deciding for class visitUser scenario
Description
A high school art teacher comes to know about the exhibition of the Munch collection at the Gemaldegalerie. She has never been there but her colleagues and friends told her that it might be interesting for the pupils to visit outstanding Munch’s works that were rarely made available to the public.During lunch time, she connects to the web site in the school to see in detail what the museum is about and to get a clearer idea of opportunities for her class.She reads the introduction to the collection overview and checks for the famous works of Munch. She browses the list of all works exposed in the museum and finds some interesting works that would be really worth visiting.She discovers also that there is a large collection of Munch’s drawings that have never been showed to the public before. She definitively decides to take her class. However, it comes to her mind that it would be important to give an introductory lesson about Munch to prepare the pupils for the visit.Therefore, she searches for an explanation of four famous works, background information and references and she bookmarks the pages containing the needed material.
Goals involved
Decide if worth visitingGather material for preparing a introductory lesson before the visitOrganize the visitCheck for given works
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 13
Outline
• User Analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Main Stakeholder analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Legenda & Semantics• Advanced Concepts• Examples
Main stakeholders analysis
Main stakeholders
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 15
Roles: <main_stakeholder _role>
Priority: <main_stakeholder _priority>
Description:<main_stakeholder _description>
<main_stakeholder_name>Main Stakeholder Profile
Roles: opinion maker {influence on: museum director}
Priority: 0.3
Description:Sponsor X funds part of the events organized by the museum
Sponsor_XMain Stakeholder Profile
Roles: Domain expert, Representative, Decision Maker
Priority: 0.5
Description:Mr. X manages the organization and the maintainanceof the permanent collection.
Collection CuratorMain Stakeholder Profile
Main stakeholders analysis
Goals
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 17
Collection Curator
Communicatethe artistic valueof the collection
Attract new visitors
High quality imagesof the works
Educate thegeneral public
Build image of a finemuseum of art
Accuracy of thepresentation
Show cultural vitality
Show attention toimpaired individuals
0.2
0.5
0.05
0.05
0.1 0.1
0.15
0.250.1
Highest-level goals
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 18
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal refinement
Goal
Goal
Collection Curator
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 19
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Goal
Requirement name
A
Requirement name
PRequirement
name
C
Requirement name
S
Requirement name
P
Requirement name
S
Requirement name
P
Goal
Requirements definition
Collection Curator
Main stakeholders analysis
Client Scenarios
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 21
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name> (client name)Client scenario
Description
< narrative>
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name> (client name)Client scenario
Description
• <Task description>• <Task description>• <Task description>
•
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name> (client name)Client scenario
Description
• UML-like {Use case diagram, sequence diagram, …}
Actor:<person_name> V <role_name> V <composite_profile_name>
<scenario_name> (client name)Client scenario
Description
A combination of the above described formats
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
Goal(s), Requirement(s) involved
<element name>
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 22
Actor:Foreign high-school student
First visit (dean)Client scenario
Description
• Read the overall presentation of the faculty • Browse the list of the courses offered and he is astonished by the assortment of different disciplines covered by the program
• Find out he might learn not only computer-related stuff but also have a wide background in communication, and in the use of technology for communication, which are competencies more and more valuable today on the job market.
• Checks for fee and financial support.
• Fill in the pre-subscription form.
Goal(s) involved
Deciding whether to enroll, knowing the disctinctive features
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 23
Outline
• User Analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Main Stakeholder analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Legenda & Semantics• Advanced Concepts• Examples
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 24
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 25
Person_name
Goal_name
The subjectof user composite profile
“Own” (or, with synonims,“Pursue”, “Wish to accomplish”, “target”) relationship
the Goal owned by one or more stakeholders
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 26
Goal_name
The main stakeholder
“Own” (or, with synonims,“Pursue”, “Wish to accomplish”, “target”) relationship
the Goal owned by one or more stakeholders
MainStakeholder_name
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 27
Goal_name
Goal_name
Subgoal contributingto fulfil the upper goal
High-level goal
“Refinement” relationship
Goal_name
User Task contributingto fulfil the upper goal
High-level goal
“Refinement” relationship
Task
Goal_name
Requirement contributing to fulfil the upper goal
High-level goal
“Refinement” relationship
Requirement Design Dimension
Requirement nameRequirement contributing
to fulfil the upper task
User task
“Refinement” relationship
Requirement Design Dimension
Requirement name
…
Task
…
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 28
Design Dimension
Requirement
C
S
A
N
P
U
O
I
Content
Structure of Content
Access Paths
Navigation
Presentation
User Operation
System Operation
Interaction
... . . .
p
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 29
Requirement name
A
Requirement name
P
Requirement name
C
Requirement name
S
Requirement name
N
Requirement name
O
Requirement name
U
Requirement name
I
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 30
Outline
• User Analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Main Stakeholder analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Legenda & Semantics• Advanced Concepts• Examples
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 31
MainStakeholder_name
Goal_nameGoal_name
Softgoal_name
Person_nameRole_name
Goal_nameSoftgoal_name Task_name
Priority #
Stake_priorityStake_priorityStake_priority
PriorityPriority
Priority
Stake_priorityStake_priorityStake_priority
Priority #
PriorityPriority Priority
Priorities
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 32
Attract new visitors
Educate thegeneral public
Build image of a finemuseum of art
CollectionCurator
MuseumDirector
CommunicationManager
MuseumSponsor
Promote Sponsored Events
Promote Own Brand
MinimizeMaintainance Costs
Valorise the richnessof the collection
Provide Highly-reliableservice
0.2 0.40.3 0.1
0.40.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.40.4
0.12
0.30
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.27
0.09
0.06
Priorities: examples
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 33
Goal_nameGoal_name
OR-targetin the designer perspective
Goal_nameGoal_name
OR-targetin the user perspective
Goal_nameGoal_name
AND-targetin the user perspective
Goal_nameGoal_name
AND-targetin the designer perspective
Goal_nameGoal_name
Default target relationshipAND for stakeholder
AND for designer
MainStakeholder_nameMainStakeholder_name
MainStakeholder_name MainStakeholder_name
MainStakeholder_name
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 34
Goal_nameGoal_name
OR-targetin the designer perspective
Person_nameRole_name
Person_nameRole_name
Goal_nameGoal_name
OR-targetin the user perspective
Person_nameRole_name
Goal_nameGoal_name
AND-targetin the user perspective
Goal_nameGoal_name
Person_nameRole_name
AND-targetin the designer perspective
Person_nameRole_name
Goal_nameGoal_name
Default target relationshipAND for stakeholder
AND for designer
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 35
Goal_name
Goal_name
Goal_nameGoal_name
Goal_name
Goal_name
And-refinementIn the stakeholder perspective
And-refinementIn the designer perspective
Goal_name
Goal_name
Goal_name
Or-refinementIn the stakeholder perspective
Goal_name
Goal_name
Goal_name
Or-refinementIn the designer perspective
Goal_name
Goal_name
Goal_name
Default refinementAND for stakeholders
AND for designer
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 36
XGoal 1 Goal
P
RequirementName X
S
RequirementName
Conflicts
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 37
Outline
• User Analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Main Stakeholder analysis– Goals– Scenarios
• Legenda & Semantics• Advanced Concepts• Examples
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 38
Explore BiblioDepth
{art topics}
Check the history of work of art X
0.30.50.2
Art Critic0.4
0.3
Prepare to the visitDecide if worth visiting
Check commentsOther critics
0.6
1
0.70.3
0.30.7
0.1
C
Provide Bibliofor each work
N
Relate Biblioto Bookstore
0.2520.108
0.72
0.24
Teacher0.6
1
0.312 0.36 0.216
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 39
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 40
TTNM I – USI Lugano – TEC-Lab © 2004 41
Wrap-up
• Basic concepts (mandatory)– Users, main stakeholders, goals– Scenarios– Goal refinement and requirements
• Advanced concepts (optional)– Priorities & priorities propagation– AND/OR relationships between goals– Softgoals