Bab 04. Perancangan Pemilihan Penghasilan Dan Penilaian MediaPengajaran

7/29/2019 Bab 04. Perancangan Pemilihan Penghasilan Dan Penilaian MediaPengajaran

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Topik 4 Perancangan Pemilihan Penghasilan dan PenilaianMediaPengajaran

Model ASSURE (Heinich, Molenda, dan Russell , 1993)

Model ASSURE mengandungi enam langkah: analisis ciri pelajar, nyatakan objektif,pilih media dan bahan, gunakan media dan bahan, libatkan pelajar, nilai dan semaksemula media dan bahan.

1. Analisis ciri pelajar.

a) Mengenal pasti ciri-ciri umum seperti jantina, umur, bakat, gayapembelajaran, kelas dan taraf sosioekonomi,

b) Mengenal pasti ciri-ciri peringkat masuk (specific entry characteristics)dan pengetahuan yang sedia ada yang berkaitan dengan tajuk dan

kandungan pelajaran seperti pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap pelajar.

2. Nyatakan objektif-objektifpembelajaran secara khusus.

a) Objektif mungkin diambil dari sukatan pelajaran, panduan kurikulum ataubuku teks.

b) Penentuan objektif adalah berdasarkan kepada peringkat prestasi yangingin dicapai, keadaan pembelajaran dan kriteria atau darjah pencapaianyang dihajati.

3. Pilih media dan bahan.

Bahan media dipilih berdasarkan kepada tingkat kebolehan pelajar danmatlamat atau objektif pembelajaran yang ingin dicapai.

4. Gunakan alat/bahan pengajaran.

a) Sediakan media dan bahan yang akan digunakan dan masa pembelajaranyang diperlukan. Contoh: Pribiu (Preview) video sebelum mengajar.

b) Kemudian sediakan media dan bahan-bahan, alat-alat serta kemudahan-kemudahan yang diperlukan.

c) Sediakan tempat belajar seperti kelas, makmal atau pusat sumber danlain-lain kemudahan dan keperluan untuk belajar.

d) Sediakan pelajar. Contoh, sediakan set induksi atau nyatakan tujuan danobjektif pembelajaran.


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e) Sedia pengalaman pembelajaran. Bagaimana anda menyampaikan media?Sebagai penyampai utama atau bertindak sebagai pemudah cara ataupengurus pembelajaran?

5. Libatkan pelajar.

Untuk mempastikan bahawa proses pembelajaran itu berlaku, pelajar perludilibatkan dalam aktiviti pembelajaran seperti membuat latihan, perbincangan, latihtubi, kuiz, projek dan sebagainya. Kegiatan pengukuhan (reinforcement activities)seperti pengukuhan serta?merta diberi selepas pelajar memberi tindak balas yangbetul (Skinner, 1954).

6. Nilai dan semak semula bahan.

Setelah selesai pengajaran, penilaian tentang kekuatan dan keberkesanan bahanmedia itu secara menyeluruh harus dijalankan. Dalam penilaian itu soalan berikutharus difikirkan:

a. Adakah objektif-objektifpembelajaran tercapai?b. Adakah alat/bahan media yang digunakan membantu proses

pengajaran-pembelajaran? Adakah kesemua pelajar menggunakanalat/bahan media dengan cara yang betul?

c. Adakah suasana pembelajaran selesa?

d. Adakah peluang-peluang pemerhatian individu diberi?

A MODEL TO HELP ASSURE LEARNING

Effective instruction requires careful planning. Integration of instructional media andtechnology into the curriculum requires even more planning.

The ASSURE Model is designed to assure effective classroom instruction thatenhances and promotes student academic achievement.

Analyze Learners - 1st step Student characteristics, learning styles,ability/skill levels, and other factors should be taken into consideration.

State Objectives - 2nd step What students are expected to learn or to do as

a result of instruction that they were not able to do previously? Objectivesmust be specifically, precisely stated.

Select Methods, Media, and Materials - 3rd step The determination ofmethods, media, and materials best suited to advance student achievementshould be made by the instructor. Methods, media, and materials need to beappropriate for the learners and the content to be mastered.


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Utilize Media and Materials - 4th step The instructor should plan how themedia, materials, and technology will be used to implement the methods.Next, the instructor should preview materials, practice implementation,prepare the learners, ready the equipment/facilities, and then implement theinstruction.

Require Learner Participation - 5th step Learners should be involved inworking with the content and the skills being taught, which will provide themthe opportunity to practice using the learning outcomes and to receivefeedback.

Evaluate and Revise - 6th step The instructor should evaluate students'achievements, appropriateness of materials, and utilization of themedia/materials, which would lead to a plan on how to best revisemethods/media/materials before they are used again to ensure future qualityinstruction.

APPRAISAL CHECKLIST: ObjectivesAudience Specifies learners

Behavior Learner performance Observable behavior

Real world skill

Conditions Equipment, tools, aids or references that may be used

Environmental conditions

Degree States standard for acceptable performance (time, accuracy, proportion,

quality)

SELECT METHODS, MEDIA, AND MATERIALS

Choosing a method Choosing a media format

Obtaining specific materials

Selecting available materials

Modifying available materials

Designing new materials

Audio Visual SHOWMANSHIP: Presentations Anxiety


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Delivery

Voice

Eye Contact

Gestures

Visuals

UTILIZATION STEPS

Preview Materials Prepare Materials

Prepare Environment

Prepare Learners

Provide Experience

ReferenceHeinich, Robert, Michael Molenda, James D. Russell, and Sharon E. Smaldino.

2002. Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. 7th ed. Upper SaddleRiver, New Jersey:Merrill Prentice Hall.

ASSURE Model Instructional Plan

(Note: Delete purple text before submitting your instructional plan!)

Lesson Title

Teachers Name

Grade

Content AreaLesson Length (Total Time)

*Note:Table cells will expand when text is added.

Analyze Learners


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For Example:

1. Number of Students2. No. of Males/Females3. Age Range4. Mental, Social, Physical, Social Notes such as:

o Disabilitieso Learning Differences

o Cultural/Ethnic Notes

o Etc.

5. Current Knowledge, Prerequisites, and Notes about Learner Attitudes6. Learning Styles

(Estimate % of Students)o Visual

o Auditory (Aural)

o Kinesthetic (Hands On)

Other

State Objectives

ABCDs of strong objectives are included:

A Action

B Behavior

C Condition

D Degree

Select Media, Materials, and Methods

All media and materials needed for the lesson are listed, and are lesson appropriate.

Utilize Media, Materials, and Methods

For each listed above, details of how they will be implemented into the lesson to

enhance learning.

Require Learner Participation


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Includes detailed methods for actively engaging all students for the lessons duration.

Evaluate & Revise

Evaluation methods for each of the following are included:

1. Student Performance2. Media Effectiveness3. Instructor Performance

Media Effectiveness

Documents

Bab 04. Perancangan Pemilihan Penghasilan Dan Penilaian MediaPengajaran