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Conceptual Framework ofIndustrial Engineering
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Sasaran
Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik
yang terkait dengan:
Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan danprofesi
Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan
keahlian
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Materi
Conceptual Framework of IE
Evolution & Development of IE
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Engineering
ScienceIndustrial
Engineering
Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated System
Phenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/Uncertainty
Output : Theory/KnowledgeProduct/service Value Added
Performance : Truth Benefit Efficiency
Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual
Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem
Profession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer
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Basic Knowledge And Tool
Basic knowledge
Logic
Creativity
Tool
Analysis
Synthesis
Process
Scientific Research
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Engineering
Prime objective: use the knowledge to design anddevelops usable devices, structure and processes
for better human life
Design ProcessIdentification of Need
Problem DefinitionSearch
Constraint
CriteriaAlternative SolutionAnalysisDecision
SpecificationCommunication
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Basic Knowledge And Tool
Basic knowledge Mathematics
Natural Sciences
Tool Analysis
Synthesis
Process Applied Research
Design
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Basic Engineering Process
Problem (Incl.Outcome)
Decision ( Best Altv.)
Synthesis of Alt.Solution
Analysis(Incld. Exptation)
Symptom/Need
Solution, System or
Method
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Characteristic Of Engineer
Solve Problem
Analyze Design System
Creativity
Analysis
Synthesis
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Engineering Function
Research
Development
Design Production &Testing
Construction
Operation
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Early Engineering Era
Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)
Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC) Greek Engineering (500 BC)
Roman Engineering (320 BC)
Oriental Engineering European Engineering
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Modern Engineering Era
Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering
Civil . Nuclear
Mechanical . Computer
Electrical . Bioengineering
Chemical . Environmental
Industrial Engineering . Etc.
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Big 5 Disciplines Military Engineering
Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine
Electrical EngineeringMathematics + Physics Electrical Science
Telegraph: Samuel Morse
Carbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison
Chemical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material
Industrial EngineeringMathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System
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Why IE Was Born ?
As a Result of Industrial Revolution
Need for Technically Trained PeopleWho Could Plan, Organize, and Manage
the Operations of Large Complex System
Need to Increase Productivity andEfficiency of Operation System
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Pioneers Of IE
Adam SMITH
Charles BABBAGE
Eli WHITNEY
Henry TOWNE
Frederick W TAYLOR
Frank B GILBERTH Lillian GILBERTH
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Adam SMITH
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Specialization of Labor
Division of the task in pin making into 4
separate operations increased output by a
factor of almost 5 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day
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Charles BABBAGEOn the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)
motion and time study
division of labor
Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)
Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:
involve 7 distinct operations
measured the cost and time of performing each operation
Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods
or reduce the operation time
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Henry TOWNE
The Engineer As Economist (1886)
Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned
With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions
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Frederick Winslow TAYLOR(1856-1915)
FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth
1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work
1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting
1895: Presented A Piece Rate System at ASME Meeting
1903: Presented Shop Management
1909: Presented Principle of Scientific Management
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Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a mans work,which replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and developthe workman, whereas previously he chose his own
work methods and trained himself as best as he could3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that
all of the work being done is in accordance with theprinciples of the science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and theresponsibility between management and theworkmen. The management takes over all work forwhich they are better fitted than the workman.
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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other
Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
ManufacturingEngineering
Early IndustrialEngineering
(ScientificManagement)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology and
Sociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality &
Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
Productivity
Science
Chemistry
Military
Engineering
Logic
Early Management
Philosophy
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Industrial Engineering ?
Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design,Improvement, and Installation ofIntegrated Systems of
People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It
Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the
Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together
With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis
and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to
Be Obtained From Such System
Object Knowledge Skill Job
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Object
Integrated System
People/Man
+Material + Equipment + Information + Energy
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Schematic Representation of Integrated System
MachineMan
Mat
Boundary
Environment
Input Out-put
: InteractionFeed-back
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Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research- Curiosity - Need/Problem- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method
- Neutral - Purposive
- Public Domain - Private Domain
Discovery Invention
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Knowledge
Mathematics
Physics
Social Sciences
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Skill
Method of Engineering Analysis
Design
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Job
Design
Installation
Improvement
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Performance
Efficiency
Effective + Min Cost
Objective
Achievement/Actual
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Contextual
2 + 2 = ?
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What Does IE Do ?
Production Management CorporateOperations System Services
* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis* Production Planning & Control
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Evolution and Development of
Industrial EngineeringDicipline
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Chronology Of Development In The
Evolution Of IE
1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000
Industrial World Depres World Space High GlobalizationRevolution War I sion War II Age Technology
Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIMAccounting Studi Work SQC work zation mation
Scientific Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial & SystemEngineering
Operation Research
Micro View
InterchangeablePart
Macro View
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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other
Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
ManufacturingEngineering
Early IndustrialEngineering
(ScientificManagement)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology and
Sociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality &
Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
Productivity
Science
Chemistry
Military
Engineering
Logic
Early Management
Philosophy
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IE ThoughtScientific
Management
Adm & Behavior
Management
Management
Science
Systemic &
Integrated
Man-Machine
SystemHuman and
Organization
Optimization
and Modeling
Integrated
System
End of 18Century
End of 18Century
Beginning of20 Century
Mid of 20Century
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Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri
Obyek Komponen Keilmuan KinerjaWork Man, Machine Ergonomy ProductivityStation Material Eng. Economy Efficiency
Psychology
Manufactur Man, Machine Inventory, PPC QCD
Material Quality ControlLay out, OR &Modeling
Company Labor, Facility Management ROI, IRR,Material Leadership ROE
Behavior Science
Industrial Labor, Material Policy QualitySystem Infrastructure Systemic Approach Welfare
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950
TOKOH-TOKOH: Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management
ORGANISASI: Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912), The Taylor
Society (1915), Society of IndustrialEngineers (1917).
KONSEP-KONSEP: Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk produktivitas Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian kerja Principles of Scietific Management Human Factors: micro-motion economy Principle of Management
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970
AIIE : American Institute of Industrial
Engineers (1948) BIDANG PERHATIAN:
Teknik tata Cara
Pengukuran Kerja
Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Beaya,Anggaran
Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan,analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan
Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan danperemajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas,
peralatan. SARANA:
Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri
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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990
AIIE menjadi IIE BIDANG PERHATIAN:
Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, IndustriElektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan,
Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan
Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja
dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara.
Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan
dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, PenelitianOperasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan,Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan.
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Perkembangan Sejak 1990
TOPIK-TOPIK BARU:
CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing
DSS : Decision Support System
JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning
Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi, PenelitianOperasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb.
Knowledge-based Management, dll.
TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG:
Ergonomi, dsb.
DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTERDAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
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Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21
SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGIINFORMASI: Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik
PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI:
Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal mayaInternet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance learning &
services KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN:
Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan,Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech,Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten.
PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN: Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali
Informasi