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Marine Training ServicesLLOYD’S REGISTER

© 2009 Lloyd’s Register

Ballast Ballast

Water ManagementWater Management

An OverviewAn OverviewSeptember 18, 2009September 18, 2009

by

Rick Ferraro

Lloyd’s Register Americas, Inc.



What is the problem?

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Some Species Found in Ballast Water

CholeraAsian Sea Squirt & green

alga

Rainbow Jellyfish

Zebra mussel

Plankton

Mitten Crab



EXAMPLE: Zebra Mussels 1988



EXAMPLE: Zebra Mussels 2005



Ballast Water Quality and Standards

International Convention for the Control of Ship Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention)

Adopted Friday, 13 February 2004

Regulation D-1 sets the organism standards to which ballast water EXCHANGE must comply

Regulation D-2 sets the organism standards to which ballast water TREATMENT must comply



The Convention

When will the Convention enter into force?

The convention will enter into force 12 months after at least 30 States, the combined merchant fleets of which constitute at least 35% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping have ratified the Convention.

As of I March 2009 there are 18 signatories (ratifications) to the Convention representing 15.36% of the GT of the worlds shipping

Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Egypt, France, Kenya, Kiribati, Liberia, Maldives, Mexico, Nigeria, Norway, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic , Tuvalu



What does the convention require?

All ships will be required to:

• Carry out ballast water and sediment management on all voyages

• Have on board an approved ballast water management plan and a ballast water record book

• Ships of 400 gt and above subject to surveys and certification



Ballast water management options

All ships will be required to:

Carry out Ballast Water Exchange (BWE) to the standard required by the convention

Or………..

Use an approved ballast water ‘treatment’ systemthat meets the standards of the convention.



What and when?

Built BW M 3 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1500 - 5000 D1 or D2 D2*

pre 2009 *

<1500 >5000 D1 or D2 D2*

2009 <5000 D2

2009 to 2012 >5000 D1 or D2 D2

2012 >5000

D2

D1 = exchange D2 = treatment* By the first intermediate or renewal survey after the anniversary date of the ship in 2014 to 2016



Phase out of Ballast Water Exchange

• Note from the previous slide that Exchange is not an option…

…………………after some time

• The year of 2016 is the final deadline for ALL ships

• 2009 was the deadline for some new ships…but more on that later

• Let’s Look at Ballast Water Treatment………………



The Ballast Water Treatment approval process –Active Substances or No Active Substances??

IMO ApprovalEnvironmental

impact (G9)

Final approvalShip-board testing

Basic approval

Systems NOT using an active

Systems using an active

substance

System Approval by

flag state (G8)

Issue of type approval

certificate by flag (G8)

Type approval certificate

Type approval certificate

Land based testing


impact (G9)

Land based testing

Ship-board testing



Meeting the 2009 deadline

• Why could NOT the 2009 deadline (<5000 m3) be met?

…………….Availability of approved treatment systems.

• IMO recognised that 2009 can not be met

• IMO had to resolve what to do about the 2009 date in theConvention ……did so in November 2007




A compromise which after much discussion was accepted by consensus on the basis that if the Convention entered into during 2009/10/11 that:

Recommends to member states that ships constructed in 2009 should not be required to comply with regulation B-3.3 of the International Ballast Water Management Convention until the dateof their second annual survey but no later than December 31, 2011.

See resolution A.1005(25)




• However, the Resolution did not deal with ships constructed on/after 2010

• Nor…..the other dates referred to in regulation BWM B – 3.3

• Only dealt with ships constructed in 2009

For ships constructed in 2010 the availability of technology was reviewed at MEPC 58 (October 2008)

At MEPC 59 in July 2009 the Committee agreed to NOT further extend the entry into force date ….there is enough technology



Ballast Water Management Practices



The Convention

• Exchange Ballast

• Treat Ballast

• Take precautions when ballasting

• Control sediment built up

• Retain ballast on board

• Discharge to shore reception facilities



Ballast Water Exchange Standards

BWE to be to an efficiency of at least 95 % volumetric exchange of Ballast Water

Or……

Pumping through three times the volume of each Ballast Water tank is considered to meet the standard described above.

(Pumping through less than three times the volume may be accepted, provided the ship can demonstrate that at least 95% volumetric exchange is met.)



Ballast Exchange

Three IMO recognised methods

• Sequential method

• Flow through method

• Dilution method



The Convention Where can ballast water exchange be carried out?

• At least 200 nm from the nearest land and in water at least 200 m in depth; if this is not possible

• As far from the nearest land as possible, and in all cases at least 50 nm from the nearest land and in water at least 200 m in depth.

• Countries may designate areas where ballast water exchange may be undertaken inside these limits.

• Countries may specify additional measures



Water Ballast Exchange Safety Issues

� Sloshing loads

� Bending moments

� Sheer forces

� Stability

margins

� Weather

window

� Torsional stresses

� Tank venting

� Draft

� Propeller immersion

� Crew safety



National regulations

1. All the national regulations have three basic requirements:

• Ships should exchange ballast prior to arrival –usually 200nm from land and in water of 200m in depth or more

• Ships should have on board a ballast water management plan - with the exception of Brazil approval of the plan is NOT required.

• Keep clear records in the log book or in a ballast water record book -some regulations require a report form to be completed and either sent prior to arrival or made available

• Countries with regional requirements include:• Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, Israel (Red Sea), Canada,

Chile, US (federal and individual state)



U.S. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

• Published last week in the Federal Register

• Ballast Water “thresholds” will be the same as BWM Convention ….through to 2016

• Will invoke acceleration of purity standards after 2016

• But….holds back “mushrooming of unilateral policy” at the state level

• Could move the BWM Convention forward…by adopting generally same standard into U.S. regulation

• Visit www.regulations.gov• Docket is USCG-2001-10486



Treatment systems

The worries……



Approval Requirements

• All treatment systems are required to be approved in accordance with IMO G8 guidelines (MEPC. 174(58) or MEPC.125(53))

• If the system uses or produces an ‘active substance’ – the system must be approved (basic and final) by the IMO in accordance with the IMO G9 Guidelines (MEPC.126(53))

To be clear…..

• The IMO will provide BASIC and Final Approval to G9

• Flag States will Type Approve (last step)



The Approval Process - Revisited


impact (G9)

Final Approval

Ship-board testing

Basic Approval

Systems NOT using an

active

Systems using an

active substance

System Approval by flag

state (G8)

Issue of type

approval certificate

by flag (G8)

Type Approvalcertificate

Type Approvalcertificate

Land based testing


impact (G9)

Land based testing

Ship-board testing



Where are we following MEPC 59 – July 2009

• There now eight (8) “Active Substance” (G9) systems with Final Approval - and can be Type Approved

• There an additional eight (8) “Active Substance” (G9)systems that have Basic Approval

• Two (2) other Type Approved systems are “non-Active Substance Systems” (G8)

• Final Analysis: Type Approvals: There are ten (10) ready for market

gisis.imo.org/public



Ballast Water Treatment

• Must be safe (For ship and crew)

• Must be environmentally acceptable.

• Must be cost-effective.

• Must work

• Must be approved

Hydrocyclone



Ballast Water Treatment

• There are advantages and disadvantages to each treatment method.

• Research and the requirement of regulation D-2 of the convention means that a combination of two or more treatment processes are usually required to meet the IMO standard in regulation D-2. i.e. a filter of some kind plus one or more other technologies.

Piping & connections



Treatment Processes

Ozonation

Vitamin K

Peracetic Acid

Hydrogen Peroxide

UltrasonicChlorine Dioxide

UltravioletElectro ChlorinationHydrocyclone

De-oxygenationChlorinationFilter

PhysicalACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Chemical

DisinfectionPhysical solid-liquid

separation



Treatment systems – Design/Installation Considerations

• Ship type • Ballast capacity• Space required (foot print

and volume) • Flexibility of location of

system components• Integration with exiting

systems • Certified intrinsically safe• Power availability

• Health and Safety• Effects on tank

structure/coatings • Availability of consumables,

spares and support (servicing)

• Additional crew workload • Crew training • Capital and Operating Cost• System availability – delivery

time

Items to consider when selecting a treatment system include



Treatment systems – Design/Installation Considerations

Piping & connections

Space

Air/water supplies

Electrical Supply

StorageFire and Safety

Sampling arrangements

Power



How much space? What the costs?

• The space required to install a systems can vary between a few m3 and a small foot print to something container sized

• Systems costs (CAPEX) vary between 200k to 750k – without installation costs

• Running costs (OPEX) vary widely

http://www.lr.org/Industries/Marine/Services/Consultancy/Ballast+water+management.htm



• New BWM convention adopted by the IMO 13 February 2004

• Some countries require ballast management now

• An early decision should be made on what BWM method(s) (exchangeor treatment) are to be used for new buildings

• Ship design should take into account BWM and required equipment

• A BWM plan should be produced for ballast management operations to safeguard the ship

CONCLUSIONS



This was ballast exchange gone wrong !

Proper planning and a good BWMP

can avoid this happening!!



Ballast Water Management

Rick Ferraro

� +01 954.236.3322

� [email protected]

www.lr.org



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Ballast Water Management - marinelog.com · • If the system uses or produces an ... ultancy/Ballast+water+management.htm. Marine Training Services