BÁo cáo giám sát DTM công ty Bao Bì

n bo v mi trng chi tit: Cng ty C phn Bao b ..

Trang 1 /v t vn: Cty C Phn T vn u t Tho Nguyen Xanh , Web: www.lapduan.com.vn , Tel: 0839118552

MC LC

MC LC ................................................................................................................... 1

DANH MC BNG ................................................................................................... 3

DANH MC HNH ..................................................................................................... 4

DANH MC T VIT TT ....................................................................................... 5

M U ..................................................................................................................... 6

CHNG 1. M T TM TT C S V TNH HNH THC HIN CNG TC

BO V MI TRNG QUA CA C S ..................................................... 12

1.1. Tn c s ............................................................................................................ 12

1.2. Ch c s ............................................................................................................ 12

1.3. V tr a l ca c s .......................................................................................... 14

1.3.1. V tr a l ....................................................................................................... 14

1.3.2. Cc i tng t nhin, kinh t - x hi xung quanh khu vc c s .................. 15

1.4. Cc hng mc xy dng ca c s ...................................................................... 16

1.5. Quy m/cng sut, thi gian hot ng ca c s ............................................... 20

1.6. Cng ngh sn xut/vn hnh ca c s .............................................................. 20

1.7. My mc, thit b, nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu s dng cho hot ng sn

xut/kinh doanh/dch v ca c s ............................................................................. 22

1.7.1. My mc, thit b ............................................................................................. 22

1.7.2.Nguyn liu, nhin liu ..................................................................................... 24

1.7.3. Nhu cu in, nc v cc vt liu khc ........................................................... 24

1.8. My mc, thit b, nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu s dng cho vic x l mi

trng ca c s ........................................................................................................ 26

1.8.1.My mc, thit b .............................................................................................. 26

1.8.2.Nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu ........................................................................ 27

1.8.3.Nhu cu v in, nc v cc vt liu khc ....................................................... 27

1.9. Tnh hnh thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng ca c s trong thi gian qua27

CHNG 2. M T CC NGUN CHT THI V CC VN MI

TRNG KHNG LIN QUAN N CHT THI V BIN PHP QUN L/

X L ...................................................................................................................... 31

2.1. Ngun cht thi rn thng thng ....................................................................... 31

2.1.1.Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn ............................................................................ 31



2.1.2. Bin php qun l/x l ................................................................................... 31

2.2. Ngun pht sinh cht thi lng ............................................................................ 32

2.2.1. Ngun pht sinh ............................................................................................... 32

2.2.2.Kt qu o c, phn tch cht lng nc .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3. Bin php qun l/x l ................................................................................... 37

2.3.Ngun pht sinh cht thi kh ............................................................................... 40

2.3.1. Ngun pht sinh cht thi kh ........................................................................... 40

2.3.2. Kt qu o c, phn tch cht lng mi trng kh ....................................... 45

2.3.3.Bin php qun l/x l .................................................................................... 47

2.4.Ngun pht sinh cht thi nguy hi ...................................................................... 49

2.4.1.Ngun pht sinh ................................................................................................ 49

2.4.2. Bin php qun l/x l cht thi nguy hi ....................................................... 49

2.5.Ngun ting n, rung....................................................................................... 49

2.5.1.Ngun pht sinh ................................................................................................ 49

2.5.2. Kt qu o c, phn tch vi kh hu, ting n. ................................................. 50

2.5.3. Bin php qun l/x l ................................................................................... 52

2.6. Cc vn mi trng, vn kinh t-x hi do c s to ra khng lin quan n

cht thi ..................................................................................................................... 53

CHNG 3. K HOCH XY DNG, VN HNH TH NGHIM CC CNG

TRNH X L CHT THI .................................................................................... 54

CHNG 4.K HOCH QUN L MI TRNG HNG NM ........................ 55

4.1.K hoch qun l cht thi ................................................................................... 55

4.2.K hoch qun l cc vn mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi ............... 62

4.3.K hoch ng ph s c ....................................................................................... 65

4.4.K hoch quan trc mi trng ............................................................................ 68

CHNG 5. THAM VN KIN .......................................................................... 65

KT LUN, KIN NGH, CAM KT ...................................................................... 66

1.Kt lun .................................................................................................................. 66

2.Kin ngh ................................................................................................................ 66

3.Cam kt .................................................................................................................. 66

PH LC .................................................................................................................. 68



DANH MC BNG

Bng 1. T chc thnh vin thc hin ........................................................................ 10

Bng 2. Hng mc cng trnh chnh ca c s ........................................................... 18

Bng 3. Danh mc my mc thit b .......................................................................... 22

Bng 4. Nhu cu s dng nguyn liu, nhin liu trung bnh trong 1 thng ................ 24

Bng 5. Nhu cu s dng in ca nh my ............................................................... 25

Bng 6. Nhu cu s dng nc ca cng ty ............................................................... 25

Bng 7. Danh mc cc my mc, thit b s dng cho vic x l mi trng............. 26

Bng 8. Nhu cu v in, nc v cc vt liu khc ................................................... 27

Bng 9. Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thiError! Bookmark not

defined.

Bng 10. Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi ca cng ty .............................................. 34

Bng 11. Ti lng v nng cc cht gy nhim t kh thi ca my pht in .. 42

Bng 12. Kt qu o cht lng mi trng khng kh .............................................. 45

Bng 13. Phng php ly mu v phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti n 47

Bng 14. Kt qu o c cht lng kh thi ti ng pht thi ca my pht in ....... 47

Bng 15. Thi gian chu c ti a ting n ca tai ngi ....................................... 50

Bng 16. Kt qu o vi kh hu v ting n ................................................................ 50

Bng 17. K hoch qun l cht thi .......................................................................... 56

Bng 18. K hoch qun l cc vn mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi ...... 63

Bng 19. K hoch ng ph s c .............................................................................. 66

Bng 20. K hoch quan trc mi trng ................................................................... 69



DANH MC HNH

Hnh 1.V tr a l cng ty ........................................................................................ 14

Hnh 2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bao b nha ..................................................... 21

Hnh 3. S tun hon nc gii nhit .................................................................... 37

Hnh 4. S h thng x l nc thi ca cng ty ................................................... 38



DANH MC T VIT TT

TDS Tng cht rn ha tan

TSS Tng hm lng cn l lng (Total suspended solid)

BOD5 Nhu cu oxy sinh ha sau 5 ngy o 20oC

COD Nhu cu oxy ha hc

PCCC Phng chy cha chy

CTR Cht thi rn

BTNMT B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

CTNH Cht thi nguy hi

N-CP Ngh nh chnh ph

TNHH Trch nhim hu hn

TCVN Tiu chun Vit Nam

QCVN Quy chun Vit Nam

SX TM Sn xut Thng mi

KCN Khu cng nghip

HTXLNT H thng x l nc thi

WHO World Healthy Organization : T chc Y t th gii


Trang 6

/v t vn: Cty C Phn T vn u t Tho Nguyen Xanh , Web: www.lapduan.com.vn , Tel: 0839118552

M U

1. Vic thnh lp v tnh trng hin ti ca c s

Cng ty C phn Bao B c thnh lp theo giy php kinh doanh s ..ngy .

ca S K Hoch u T Long An cp, ng k thay i ln th 4 ngy 10 thng 11 nm

2011 . a im hot ng ca cng ty t ti ., cm cng nghip nha c Ho H,

p Bnh Tin, X c Ho H, huyn c Ho, tnh Long An.

Hin nay, Cng ty C phn Bao b ang s hu mt i ng cn b qun l tr tui

giu nhit huyt, tui i t 25 30 tui c o to t Chu c, Chu u v cc

trng i hc trong nc, i ng chuyn gia, cn b v cng nhn k thut giu kinh

nghim.

Vi khu hiu Cht lng sn phm chnh l lng tm ca ngi th. Mi

thnh vin cng ty l mt mc xch trong h thng qun l cht lng sn xut .

khng nh c v th trn th trng sn xut bao b.

Hin ti Cng ty c chng ch ISO 14001:2004 v h thng qun l mi trng do

UKAS Management Systems cp.

Nhn thc c s pht trin kinh t x hi phi i i vi cng tc bo v mi

trng gp phn vo s nghip pht trin t nc bn vng, Cng ty C phn bao b

ht sc ch trng vn xy dng cc phng n bo v mi trng ti khu vc sn

xut ca Cng ty hn ch n mc thp nht vic to ra cc tc hi ln i vi mi

trng, ph hp vi cc chin lc bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng do Nh

nc Vit Nam ra.

Thc hin theo thng t s 01/2012/TT - BTNMT quy nh v vic lp, thm nh,

ph duyt v kim tra, xc nhn vic thc hin n bo v mi trng chi tit, lp v

ng k n bo v mi trng n gin, hin ti Cng ty C phn bao b i vo

hot ng t 21/11/2008 v khng c Giy Quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc

ng mi trng nn ang cng vi n v t vn tin hnh lp n mi trng chi tit

cho C s.

2. Cn c lp n bo v mi trng chi tit

2.1. Cn c v php l

- Lut Bo V Mi Trng c Quc Hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua

ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005;


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- Lut ti nguyn nc s 08/1998/QH10 ngy 20/05/1998 ca Quc hi nc Cng

ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam kha X, k hp th 3;

- Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam kha XI, k hp th 4 thng qua ngy 23/11/2003;

- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic

Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;

- Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 v vic sa i b sung mt s iu

ca ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006;

- Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP ngy 18 thng 04 nm 2011 ca chnh ph v vic

Quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc; nh gi tc ng mi trng; cam kt

bo v mi trng;

- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N CP ngy 09/04/2007 v qun l cht thi rn;

- Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28 thng 05 nm 2007 v thot nc th v

khu cng nghip.

- Ngh nh s 67/2003/N CP ngy 13 thng 06 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v Ph

bo v mi trng i vi nc thi.

- Ngh nh s 04/2007/N CP ngy 08 thng 01 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph v vic

sa i, b sung mt s iu ca ngh nh s 67/2003/N CP ngy 13 thng 06

nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi.

- Ngh nh s 174/2007/N CP ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2007 v ph bo v mi

trng i vi cht thi rn.

- Ngh nh s 117/2009/N CP ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2009 v vic x l vi

phm php lut trong lnh vc bo v mi trng.

- Thng t s 01/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 03 nm 2012 ca B Ti nguyn

v Mi trng quy nh v lp, thm nh, ph duyt v kim tra, xc nhn vic thc

hin n bo v mi trng chi tit; lp v ng k n bo v mi trng n

gin.

- Thng t 08/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 15/07/2009 v vic quy nh qun l v bo

v mi trng khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip;


Trang 8


- Thng t lin tch s 01/2011/TTLT-BLTBXH BYT ngy 10 thng 01 nm

2011 hng dn t chc thc hin cng tc an ton V sinh lao ng trong c s lao

ng.

- Thng t 12/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 14/04/2011 quy nh v qun l cht thi

nguy hi;

- Thng t 16/2009/BTNMT ngy 07/10/2009 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng

v vic ban hnh 2 quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng, bao gm QCVN

05:2009/BTNMT v QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT;

- Thng t 25/2009/BTNMT ngy 16/11/2009 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng

v vic ban hnh 8 quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng, bao gm QCVN

07/2009/BTNMT; QCVN 19/2009/BTNMT; QCVN 20/2009/BTNMT; QCVN

21/2009/BTNMT; QCVN 22/2009/BTNMT; QCVN 23/2009/BTNMT; QCVN

24/2009/BTNMT v QCVN 25/2009/BTNMT;

- Thng t 39/2010/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2010 ca B Ti Nguyn v

Mi Trng v vic ban hnh 04 quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng, bao

gm QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT,

QCVN 29:2010/BTNMT.

- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi

trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng;

- Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi

trng v vic ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng;

- Quyt nh s 03/2008/Q-BXD ngy 31/03/2008 v vic ban hnh quy nh ni

dung thc hin bn v, thuyt minh i vi Nhim v v n Quy hoch Xy

dng;

- Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/04/2008 v vic ban hnh Quy chun

K thut quc gia v Quy hoch Xy dng - QCXD 01;

- Thng t s 07/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/04/2008 v vic hng dn lp, thm nh,

ph duyt v qun l quy hoch xy dng;

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n;

- QCVN 27 : 2010/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v rung;


Trang 9


- TCVSL 3733/Q-BYT : Tiu chun v sinh lao ng i vi khng kh trong

nh xng;

- QCVN 03 : 2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho php kim

loi nng trong t;

- QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc

ngm;

- QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht khng kh xung

quanh i vi cc cht v c;

- QCVN 06 : 2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v mt s cht c hi

trong khng kh xung quanh;

- QCVN 14 : 2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc thi

sinh hot;

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.

- QCVN 07 : 2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ngng cht thi nguy

hi;

2.2. Cn c v thng tin

- Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam, nm 2005;

- Quy chun l thut quc gia nm 2008; Quy chun k thut quc gia nm 2009;

- Word Health Organization, Assessment of Sources pf Air, Water ang Land

Pollution, A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating

Environmental Control Strategies, Geneva, 1993

- WHO (1979), Sulphur oxides and suspended particulate matter. Environmental

Health Criteria Document No.8, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;

- Water Resources Engineering. McGraw-Hill International Editions.1991;

- Air pollution control engineering. Noel de nervers. Mc Graw-Hill International

Editions.1994

- Bn v mt bng tng th, mt bng cp thot nc ca cng ty;

- Kt qu o c phn tch mi trng ca cng ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai;

- Cc vn bng php l do cng ty C phn bao b cp.

3. T chc lp n bo v mi trng chi tit


Trang 10


n bo v mi trng chi tit ca Cng ty C phn bao b ... thc hin vi s t

vn ca Cng ty C phn T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh.

Ch c s

Ch u t : CNG TY C PHN BAO B .....

i din: ...... Chc v: ....

a ch lin h: . Cm cng nghip nha c Ho H, p Bnh Tin, X c Ho

H, huyn c Ho, tnh Long An.

in thoi: . Fax: .

n v t vn

n v t vn : Cng ty C phn T vn u t Tho Nguyn Xanh

Ngi i din : NGUYN VN MAI

Chc v : Gim c

a ch lin h : 158 Nguyn Vn Th, Phng a Kao, Qun 1, Tp.HCM.

in thoi : 08.3911 8552 Fax: 08.39118579

Email : [email protected]

T chc thnh vin thc hin

T chc thnh vin thc hin n bo v mi trng chi tit ca Cng ty C phn

bao b c trnh by trong bng sau:

Bng 1. T chc thnh vin thc hin

STT H v tn n v cng tc Chc nng Chuyn ngnh

A C QUAN/DOANH NGHIP CH C S

01 ng inh Quang

Hng

Cng ty C phn

bao b .. Tng gim c

B C QUAN T VN

01 Nguyn Vn Mai

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Gim c K ton kim

ton

02 KS.Hunh Th Yn Cng ty C phn Lp n K thut mi


Trang 11


Thinh T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

BVMT trng

03 CN.Trn Th Ngc

Lan

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Lp n

BVMT

Qun l mi

trng

04 KS.Trn Th Kim

Hng

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Lp n

BVMT

K thut mi

trng

05 KS.Nguyn Th

Thy

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Lp n

BVMT

K thut mi

trng

06 CN.on Thu

Thu Hunh

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Lp n

BVMT

Qun l mi

trng

07 KS.inh Trn Kim

Ngn

Cng ty C phn

T vn u t

Tho Nguyn Xanh

Lp n

BVMT

K thut mi

trng


Trang 12


CHNG 1. M T TM TT C S V TNH HNH THC HIN CNG

TC BO V MI TRNG QUA CA C S

1.1. Tn c s

Tn cng ty vit bng ting Vit: CNG TY C PHN BAO B ..

Tn cng ty vit bng ting nc ngoi: . PACKING JOIN STOCK COMPANY.

Tn cng ty vit tt:

i din: . Chc v:

a ch: . Cm cng nghip nha c Ho H, p Bnh Tin, X c Ho H,

huyn c Ho, tnh Long An.

in thoi: . Fax: .

1.2. Ch c s

Cc c ng:

C ng 1:

H tn: Gii tnh: .

S c phn: . Gi tr c phn (VN): ..

S chng minh nhn dn: .

Ni ng k h khu thng tr: .P.Ty Thnh, Q.Tn Ph, TP. H Ch Minh

C ng 2:

H tn: Gii tnh: .

S c phn: . Gi tr c phn (VN):


Ni ng k h khu thng tr: . Nam K Khi Ngha, P.Bn Ngh, Q.1, TP.H

Ch Minh

C ng 3:

H tn: Gii tnh:

S c phn: .. Gi tr c phn (VN): .

S chng minh nhn dn:

Ni ng k h khu thng tr: , P.Tn To. Q.Bnh Tn, TP. H Ch Minh

C ng 4:

H tn: . Gii tnh: .

S c phn: . Gi tr c phn (VN): .


Trang 13



Ni ng k h khu thng tr: , P.c Giang, Q.Long Bin, TP.H Ni

C ng 5

H tn: . Gii tnh: ..

S c phn: Gi tr c phn (VN): ..


Ni ng k h khu thng tr: . P.9, Q.Ph Nhun, TP.H Ch Minh

C ng 6:

H tn: .. Gii tnh: ..



Ni ng k h khu thng tr: .., P.Khng Trung, Q.Thanh Xun, TP.H Ni

C ng 7:

H tn: . Gii tnh:


S chng minh nhn dn:

Ni ng k h khu thng tr: TX.T Sn, Tnh Bc Ninh

C ng 8:

H tn: . Gii tnh:

S c phn: Gi tr c phn (VN):


Ni ng k h khu thng tr: P.Bnh An, Q.2, TP. H Ch Minh

C ng 9:

H tn: Gii tnh:



Ni ng k h khu thng tr: TX.T Sn, Tnh Bc Ninh.

C ng 10:

C NG KHC


Ni ng k h khu thng tr: Vit Nam


Trang 14


Ngi i din theo php lut:

H tn: . Gii tnh:

Ngy sinh: Dn tc: Kinh Quc tch: Vit Nam

S chng minh nhn dn: Ngy cp:

Ni cp:

Chc v:

Ni ng k h khu thng tr: P.Ty Thnh, Q.Tn Ph, TP. H Ch Minh

1.3. V tr a l ca c s

1.3.1. V tr a l

Cng ty C phn bao b vi tng din tch mt bng 19.344m2, thuc , Cm

cng nghip nha c Ho H, p Bnh Tin, X c Ho H, huyn c Ho, tnh

Long An. Vi v tr a l nh sau:

- Ta cng ty: + 1004753.49 N , + 10602843.52 E

- Mt trc gip trc ng chnh i Tnh l 10.

- Mt sau gip knh An H.

- Mt phi gip knh B Ct Bi.

- Mt tri gip Chi nhnh cng ty C phn Nha Tn Ph ti Long An

V tr a l cng ty c th hin nh sau:

Hnh 1.V tr a l cng ty

B

knh

160m

Knh An H

122,

7m

Kn

h B

C

t V tr cng ty C phn

Bao b .


Trang 15


a im cng ty x nc thi vo ngun nc sau khi x l t quy chun k thut

quc gia QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (Loi A, h s Kq = 0,9, Kf = 1,2 ) l knh An H

gip vi mt sau ca c s.

1.3.2. Cc i tng t nhin, kinh t - x hi xung quanh khu vc c s

a. Tng quan

X c Ha H thuc huyn c Ha t ngy 24 thng 03 nm 1979 theo Quyt

nh 128-CP nm 1979 iu chnh a gii mt s x v th trn thuc tnh Long An do

Hi ng Chnh ph ban hnh. V tr tip gip nh sau:

Pha bc gip c Ha Thng v th trn c Ha;

Pha ng gip x c Ha ng;

Pha ty gip quc l 9;

Pha nam gip x Hu Thnh.

Cm Cng Nghip nha c Ha thuc x c Ha H, nm trong vng qui

hoch cng nghip trng im ca tnh Long An, gip Tnh l 10 (TL.825), gip ranh

Tp.HCM, ni hi t hng chc CCN v KCN, vi nhiu ngnh ngh a dng, thu ht

hng chc ngn lao ng v ngun vn u t ln ca cc doanh nghip trong nc v

nc ngoi:

- Pha Bc gip knh An H.

- Pha ng Nam gip Bnh Li, Bnh Chnh, Tp.HCM

- Pha Ty gip Cm cng nghip Hi Sn.

- Cch QL.1A 11km

- Cch trung tm Tp.HCM 17km

- Cch sn bay Quc t Tn Sn Nht 25km

- Cch trung tm Th trn c Ho 3km

- Cch sng Vm C ng 4km

Cm Cng Nghip Nha c Ha c kt ni vi cc ng giao thng trng yu

nh: QL1A, ng Xuyn , ng Cao tc Si Gn Trung Lng, Tnh l 825,830

- Giao thng ng thu rt thun tin cho vic vn chuyn hng ho, vt t t

KCN n cc Cng, cc tnh ln cn v Campuchia.

H thng c s h tng hon chnh, bao gm:


Trang 16


- ng ni b b tng nha c b tr cho mi khu t bo m cho cc loi xe

vn chuyn container ra vo thun li.

- H thng in trung th thuc mng li quc gia dn n hng ro cc x

nghip.

- Nc c cp t ngun nc ngm do cng ty u t khai thc cp nc trc

tip n tng doanh nghip vi gi 4.000 ng/m3.

- H thng thot nc thi c lp t n tng x nghip thu gom tp trung

n nh my x l nc thi.

b. c im t nhin

a hnh: L vng t tng i bng phng, cao bnh qun 1- 2m, cao nht l

khu vc Lc Giang +8m, thp nht l knh Xng Ln + 0,6 m, cao dc thoai thoi

theo hng ng Bc n Ty nam.

Kh hu - thu vn: L khu vc chu nh hng ca kh hu gi ma, ma nhiu, vi

lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 1.805 mmm, nhit trung bnh l 27,70C.

Nhn chung, kh hu ca c Ho H c nhng thun li c bn so vi nhiu a

phng khc, chiu sng, m cao, thun li cho pht trin nhiu loi cy trng, t b

nh hng ca thin tai. Ngun nc ngm ch yu cung cp cho sinh hot ca nhn dn,

c bit l dn c cc khu vc th.

Knh An H nm trn a bn huyn c Ha, tnh Long An v huyn bnh chnh,

huyn Hc Mn ca TP. H Ch Minh, ni vi rch Tra vi sng Vm C ng. Knh

ny c o trong khong thi gian 1895 1898, mi c no vt nm 1993 1994,

phc v thy li l chnh.

c. iu kin kinh t - x hi

Mt dn s ton huyn l 476,0 km2/ngi, cao nht l th trn c Ho, th trn

Hu Ngha, th trn Hip Ho. Dn s sng ti cc th trn trong huyn l 31.033 ngi,

chim 17,4% dn s ton huyn, trong lc lng lao ng l 13.965 ngi, chim

45% dn s th.

1.4. Cc hng mc xy dng ca c s

1.4.1 Kt cu h tng xy dng ca c s

Kt cu h tng xy dng ca c s nh sau:

- B tng lt : 40 x 60 M100


Trang 17


- B tng cu kin mng ct 10 x 20 M200

- B tng cc 10 x 20 M300

- Ct thp:

+ < 10 mm, Ra = 2.100 kg/cm3

+ > = 10 mm, Ra = 2.700 kg/cm3

- Sc chu ti tnh ton ca cc 250 x 250, trong :

+ Chiu di l 12m

+ Sc chu ti P = 25T

+ Cc c thi cng bng phng php p, lc p ti thiu l Pp = 50T

ng giao thng

Khu vc d n nm trong cm cng nghip c quy hoch, h thng giao thng l

cc tuyn ng vn chuyn trong cm cng nghip kt ni vi tuyn ng chnh i

Tnh L 10, ng ni b i vo cc nh my ang c ban qun l cm cng nghip

nha c Ha H tin hnh xy dng. Knh An H l tuyn ng thy nm trong khu

vc cm cng nghip.

Thit k xy dng h thng giao thng ni b phc v cho vic di chuyn v thun

tin cho vic xut nhp sn phm ca cng ty.

H thng chng st v PCCC

Cng ty trang b h thng chng st nh sau:

- B phn thu st;

- Cp ng trn thot st;

- Hp kim tra in tr t;

- ng thp trng km D34;

- ng nha PVC;

- H ni t cho cc tip t;

- Cc ng tip t.

Trang b h thng PCCC vi bnh CO2, bnh bt cha chy b tr hp l ti cc gc

nh xng.

Lp t bng tiu lnh PCCC theo quy nh ca nh nc.

H thng bo chy t ng bao gm:

- Trung tm bo chy 16 zone;


Trang 18


- u bo nhit;

- Ci bo chy;

- Cng tc khn Demco 101;

- Bnh in kh 12V-7AH;

- Bin th 220V-24VDC;

- Dy tn hiu;

- Ph kin cc loi;

- Vt liu ph.

H thng in

Ngun in c ly t in li quc gia thng qua trm bin p ca cm cng

nghip cung cp cho hot ng ca cng ty.

B tr 2 my pht in d phng tng cng sut 45 KVA (My pht in d phng 1:

10KVA, my pht in d phng 2: 35KVA) phng cho cc trng hp c s c

cp in t xut.

H thng cp nc

Thit k h thng cp nc vi cc loi ng ng, b cha v thit b phc v cho

ton b hot ng ca cng ty nh sau:

- ng nha PVC

- ng h nc

- Bn inox

- Bm nc

- H thng van, co v cc vi phun nc

(nh km mt bng cp nc trong ph lc)

1.4. 2. Cc hng mc xy dng phc v sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v ca c s

Cng ty C phn Bao b ... c quy m v din tch l 19.344 m2 t ti... Cm cng

nghip nha c Ha H, p Bnh Tin, x c Ha H, huyn c Ha, tnh Long An.

Cc hng mc phc v sn xut ca c s c trnh by trong bng sau:

Bng 2. Hng mc cng trnh chnh ca c s

STT Tn hng mc S lng Din tch

(m2)

T l

(%)


Trang 19


1 Nh bo v 1 12 0,06

2 Nh vn phng 3 780 4,03

3 Xng sn xut 1 1 4.160 21,5

4 Nh chuyn gia 2 380 2

5 Nh cng nhn 2 1.760 9,1

6 Nh n cng nhn 1 224 1,15

7 Trm h th 1 16 0,08

8 B ngm 1 192 1

9 Thu i 1 15 0,08

10 Nh xe 1 150 0,8

11 Nh thay cng nhn 1 50.4 0,3

12 Nh xng sn xut 2 1 2.072 10,7

13 t trng 1 2.220 11,5

14 t giao thng v cy xanh 7.312,6 38

Tng cng 19.344 100

Ngun: Cng ty C phn Bao b

Ti nh xng 1 vi din tch l 4.160 m2 l xng in bao b sau khi qua giai on

thi ti xng 2 vi din tch l 2.072 m2, ti xng 2 c 1 phn din tch dng lm kho

cha sn phm.

1.4.3. Cc hng mc xy dng phc v cng tc bo v mi trng

Bng 4. Hng mc xy dng phc v cng tc bo v mi trng

STT Hng mc xy dng Thng s k thut Vt liu xy dng

1 B tip nhn L x W x H

3,0m x 2,5m x 1,8m BTCT + Gch

2 B iu ha L x W x H


3 B Aerotank L x W x H


4 B lng 2 L x W x H



Trang 20


STT Hng mc xy dng Thng s k thut Vt liu xy dng

5 B kh trng L x W x H


6 B lc p lc 0,8m x 2,0m Thp

7 Sn phi bn L x W x H

2,0m x 2,0m x 1,0m Thp

8 H thng cy xanh

9 H thng thu gom v lu

tr cht thi

10 H thng thu gom nc

ma trn mi v sn.

Ngun: Cng ty C phn bao b ....

1.5. Quy m/cng sut, thi gian hot ng ca c s

Cng ty C phn Bao b ... sn xut cc loi bao b nha, cng sut hot ng trung

bnh nm ca nh my l 10.080 tn/nm.

Din tch mt bng ca d n: 19.344m2

Nm i vo hot ng: 21/11/2008.

1.6. Cng ngh sn xut/vn hnh ca c s

Cng ty C phn Bao b . sn xut cc loi bao b nha vi cng ngh nh sau:


Trang 21


Hnh 2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bao b nha

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:

Nguyn liu nha nhp khu a vo h thng my trn nha, sau khi nguyn liu

nha c trn s a qua my gia nhit nung cho nng chy.

Cng on thi bao gm to mng v trng mng, ti y phn loi nha thnh tng

loi mng khc nhau v quy cch v dy mng v c cun thnh tng cun khong

t 20 n 200kg, cc cun ny c chuyn qua h thng my in mu in theo mu

My trn nha

Ct

My lm ti

Sn phm

Bi, nhit tha, hi dung mi, ting n

Bi

Nguyn liu nha Mng nha

Gia nhit

My thi

Ghp

In

Bi, nhit tha, hi dung mi, ting n

Hi dung mi

Nhit tha, hi dung mi

Cht thi rn

Cht thi rn

Ghi ch:

ng chuyn tip cng on sn xut

ng pht sinh cht thi


Trang 22


c lp trnh (mu thit k theo yu cu ca khch hng), ri c chuyn qua my

ghp ghp cc mng c nh li vi nhau, sau a qua h thng my ct mng, chia

ra theo quy cch nh, ln ty loi, cui cng l a v dn my lm ti ct dn cc cun

mng chy thnh tng ti nh c kiu dng theo quy cch ra sn phm cui cng.

1.7. My mc, thit b, nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu s dng cho hot ng sn

xut/kinh doanh/dch v ca c s

Danh mc cc loi my mc thit b s dng ti cng ty c nhp v ch yu t i

Loan, n v Hn Quc, u c thng tin, hng dn vn hnh c th km theo v

khng thuc danh mc cm s dng Vit Nam theo quy nh hin hnh.

1.7.1. My mc, thit b

S lng my mc, thit b ca nh my c thng k trong bng 2 sau:

Bng 3. Danh mc my mc thit b

STT Tn thit b Ni sn

xut

Nm sn

xut S lng

Tnh trng s

dng

A Thit b phc v cho sn xut

1 My bin th 3 pha

2500KVA 2009 1 90%

2 My ct dn 104400USD Trung Quc 2007 1 90% 3 My ct dn 45000USD i Loan 2008 1 90%

5 My ct dn ti nilon SBR-

400M TKHQ:29054 i Loan 2008 1 90%

6 My ct dn ti nilon SBR-

600M TKHQ:29054 i Loan 2008 1 90%

9 My chia cun + my n

thi mng i Loan 2007 1 90%

10 My chia cun hn quc Hn Quc 2008 1 90%

12 My chia cun mng nha

model SLIT-HS1300 i Loan 2008 1 90%

13 My p lin tc M9 (gn b

chnh tc ) 2008 1 90%


Trang 23


14 My p n EXC 1350 Hn Quc 2008 1 90% 15 My p n TKHQ:278 Trung Quc 2007 1 90% 16 My p kh 540000USD Italia 2008 1 90%

17 My in 7 mu Model

Scamper250 TKHQ:212 Hn Quc 2007 1 90%

18 My in 9 mu Model

OSG:1200HEXII-9C Nht Bn 2010 1 95%

19 My lm lnh 2008 1 90%

20 My lm lnh khun bng

nc WNS-020D 2008 1 90%

21 My lm lnh treo tng

CS 28000 BTU 2008 1 90%

22 My lnh 2008 2 90% 23 My pht in 10KVA 2010 1 95% 24 My pht in 35KVA 1 90% 25 My thi 3 lp n 2008 1 90% 26 My trn nha n 2008 1 90%

27 My trn nha SHINI

Model SVM-150 Hn Quc 2011 1 95%

28 My trn nha SHINI

Model SVM-100 Hn Quc 2008 1 90%

29 My vi tnh sever 2008 1 90% 30 My x l bao b nha 2009 1 90% 31 H thng qut thng gi 2009 20 90% B Thit b vn phng

1 My vi tnh 2008 8 90% 2 My in thoi 2008 8 90% 3 My in vn phng 2008 3 90% 4 My fax 2008 1 90% 5 My photocopy 2008 2 90%


Trang 24


Ngun: Cng ty C phn Bao b .

1.7.2. Nguyn liu, nhin liu

Nhu cu s dng nguyn liu, nhin liu ca cng ty c thu mua trong nc v u

thuc danh mc cc loi nguyn liu cho php dng trong mc ch sn xut ca Vit

Nam. Trung bnh trong 1 thng s dng cho sn xut ca cng ty nh bng 4 sau:

Bng 4. Nhu cu s dng nguyn liu, nhin liu trung bnh trong 1 thng

STT Tn nguyn/nhin liu n v tnh S lng

A Vt t thi 8.964

1 Ht nha LD 260 Kg/thng 2.170

2 Ht nha LLD 1002YB Kg/thng 130

3 Ht nha LLD 1002KW Kg/thng 2.170

4 Ht nha 1018CA Kg/thng 4.060

5 Ht nha 4085-S Kg/thng 217

6 Ht nha 607 Kg/thng 161

7 Ht nha 207 Kg/thng 28

8 Ht nha CGE 106 Kg/thng 28

B Vt t in 420.000

1 Mng nha PA15/68cm Kg/thng 420.000

C Vt t ghp

1 PE 65mic/68cm Kg/thng 420.000

2 Nha trng Kg/thng 6.650

3 Keo 313 Kg/thng 770

4 Cn Lt/thng 980

Ngun: Cng ty C phn Bao b .

1.7.3. Nhu cu in, nc v cc vt liu khc

a. Nhu cu s dng in

Ngun cung cp in

Ngun in ca nh my c ly t li in Quc gia thng qua trm bin p ca

cm cng nghip nha c Ho H.

Nhu cu s dng in


Trang 25


in s dng cho hot ng ca cc my mc sn xut, thit b vn phng, chiu

sng, sinh hot ca cng nhn. Cn c vo ha n tin in ca cng ty, nhu cu s

dng in phc v cho hot ng ca nh my nh sau:

Bng 5. Nhu cu s dng in ca nh my

STT Thi gian n v tnh S lng s dng

1 26/12/2011- 25/01/2012 kWH 447.000

2 26/01/2012 - 25/02/2012 kWH 619.200

3 26/02/2012 - 25/03/2012 kWH 536.100

Trung bnh thng 534.100

Ngun: Cng ty C phn Bao b ....

b. Nhu cu s dng v ngun cung cp nc

Mc ch s dng nc

Nc c phc v cho hot ng sn xut, cho sinh hot ca cng nhn vin. Ngoi

ra cn c nc d phng cho PCCC, nc ti cy, ra sn...

Nhu cu s dng nc

Ngun nc c cng ty s dng bao gm:

- Nc cp: Hp ng vi Cng ty TNHH MTV Thng Mi Dch V Vn Thnh cung cp trong hot ng sn xut ti cng ty.

Cn c vo ha n cc ph, nhu cu s dng nc ca cng ty nh sau:

Bng 6. Nhu cu s dng nc ca cng ty

STT Thi gian n v tnh S lng s dng

1 Thng 1+2+3 M3 135

Trung bnh 1 thng 45


Cng ty s dng nc cho h thng nc lm mt v gii nhit tun hon kn ti cc

cng on sn xut v khng thi ra mi trng. Tng lng nc cp cn dng l 30

m3/ngy.m, nhng trong cng on gii nhit v lm mt, nc c tun hon ti

s dng, ch c mt phn nh hao ht do bay hi hng ngy. Lng hao ht khong

1,5m3/ngy

Vy, lng nc cn b sung hng ngy cho qu trnh sn xut do bay hi l:


Trang 26


Q1 = 1,5 m3/ngy.m.

- Nc lc phc v cho vic nu nng Nc lc dng cho nu n v khng thi ra ngoi, lng nc ny c mua t n

v cung cp nc sch, trung bnh mi thng cng ty s dng khong 300 bnh/thng, vi

dung tch mi bnh l 20 lt.

Nh vy lng nc cn dng l Q2 = 300 x 20 = 600 lt/thng.

- Nc ngm: Bao gm 02 ging vi tng cng sut ging 100m3/ngy.m, loi nc ny dng cho mc ch sinh hot v ti ng, cy xanh, PCCC.

+ Nc dng cho sinh hot: Nc cp sinh hot cho cn b cng nhn vin lm vic

trong cng ty theo gi hnh chnh v ni lu tr cho cng nhn, lu lng nc cn

dng l:

Q3 = 30 m3/ngy.m

+ Nc dng ti cy xanh v PCCC theo nh k: Lng nc dng cho cy

xanh v phng chy cha chy l:

Q4 = 4m3/ngy.m

Nh vy, tng lng nc cn dng cho ton b hot ng ca cng ty l:

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 = 1,5 + 0,6 + 30 + 4 = 36,1 m3/ngy.m

c. Nhu cu cng nhn vin

Tng s cng nhn vin ca cng ty l 330 ngi, trong bao gm: Tng gim c,

gim c, nhn vin hnh chnh, nhn vin k ton, bo v....

1.8. My mc, thit b, nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu s dng cho vic x l mi

trng ca c s

1.8.1. My mc, thit b

Cng ty C phn bao b Tn Thnh xy dng h thng x l nc thi vi cc thit

b my mc nh sau:

Bng 7. Danh mc cc my mc, thit b s dng cho vic x l mi trng

STT Tn hng mc n v S lng

1 Bm chm b iu ho ci 2

2 Bm chm b kh trng ci 2

3 Bm ho cht ci 1


Trang 27


4 Bm bn Ci 1

5 My thi kh ci 2

6 Bn ho cht ci 1

7 H thng iu khin H thng 1


1.8.2. Nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu

Ti h thng x l nc thi tp trung tng hiu qu kh trng cc vi sinh vt gy

bnh c trong nc thi, ti b lng cng ty s dng Chlorine dng bt, lng Chlorine

cn dng l 4,5kg/thng, tng ng 54kg/nm.

1.8.3. Nhu cu v in, nc v cc vt liu khc

Nhu cu v in s dng cho cc loi my bm , my khuy trong h thng x l

nc thi vi cng sut nh sau:

Bng 8. Nhu cu v in, nc v cc vt liu khc

STT Tn thit b S lng (ci) Cng sut (KWH)

1 My thi kh 02 4,4

2 Bm iu ha 02 1,5

3 Bm bn 01 0,75

4 Bm lc 02 3

5 Bm ha cht 01 0,75

Tng 08 10,4

Ngun: Cng ty C phn Bao b ...

Ngoi ra, c s cn s dng mt s thit b v vt liu khc phc v cho hot ng

ca h thng nh: Cu ch, Ampe k, Vn k, VER (bo v pha) Mci (Cng tc t), Rni

(R le nhit)

1.9. Tnh hnh thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng ca c s trong thi gian

qua

a. Trong giai on chun b mt bng v thi cng xy dng

Khi trin khai xy dng v hot ng ca Cng ty C phn bao b ... to ra mt s

tc ng n mi trng t nhin nh tc ng n mi trng khng kh, mi trng

nc, mi trng t.


Trang 28


Khng kh:

T qu trnh o t, o mng, san lp mt bng s pht sinh ra mt lng ln bi,

kh thi, ngoi ra cc loi kh thi nh: Bi, SO2, CO, NO2, ting n, cng pht sinh

khi s dng cc my mc, phng tin thi cng (xe o t, o mng, my hn, my

ct, my trn b tng) v xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng n khu vc d n.

Bin php cng ty thc hin gim thiu cc tc ng ca bi, kh thi l che chn

nguyn vt liu, b tr, sp xp nhn lc xy dng mt cch hp l. Che chn nguyn vt

liu khi vn chuyn, ti nc ng vn chuyn trn cng trng

Nc thi sinh hot:

Giai on ny tp trung mt lng ln cng nhn lao ng, y cng l nguyn nhn

pht sinh nc thi v cht thi rn gy nh hng n mi trng. Ch u t v nh

thu xy dng thc hin cc bin php nhm gim thiu cc loi cht thi ny, c th

nh:

+ Tn dng ngun nhn lc ti a phng hn ch vic cng nhn lu tr ti cng

trng;

+ Trang b cc nh v sinh lu ng tm thi cho cng nhn xy dng, khi hon thnh

cng trnh nh v sinh lu ng c tr li dch v cho thu;

Nc thi thi cng:

Nc thi thi cng cha ch yu l cc cht l lng, ct v khng cha cht hu c.

Do , sau khi qua b lng ct, lng nc ny tip tc c s dng ti sn bi v

ng vn chuyn.

Cht thi rn:

Tt c cc loi cht thi rn c thu gom, phn loi v tp trung vo thng cha c

dung tch 660 lt, Ch u t hp ng vi n v c chc nng thu gom v vn

chuyn i x l.

Trong thi gian hot ng va qua Cng ty C phn bao b c UKAS

Management Systems cp chng ch ISO 14001:2004 v h thng qun l mi trng.

b. Trong giai on hot ng n nay

Nc thi:


Trang 29


Nc thi sn xut: Cng ty s dng nc ny cho h thng nc lm mt v gii

nhit tun hon kn ti cc cng on sn xut. y l lng nc b sung v khng thi

ra mi trng, ch c lng nc hao ht do bay hi trong qu trnh sn xut.

Nc thi sinh hot: Loi nc thi do hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn vin ca

Cng ty c phn bao b ... s c thu gom vo b cha nc thi ring ca cng ty c

th tch 25m3, sau chuyn qua b x l nc thi c cng sut 30m3/ngy.m v t

quy chun k thut quc gia QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (Loi A, h s Kq = 0,9, Kf = 1,2 )

trc khi thi ra knh An H, (Hin ti, cm cng nghip nha c Ho H cha xy

dng h thng thot nc ring)

Kh thi:

Ngun tip nhn kh thi ca nh my sn xut l mi trng khng kh xung quanh

theo QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh

xung quanh.

Cng ty C phn Bao b ... tin hnh xy dng v lp t cc cyclone ti nhng

cng on pht sinh kh thi nh: khu vc gia nhit, khu vc in, khu vc ghp.... sau

thot ra ng khi cao t bn ngoi nh xng.

Cht thi rn:

Hin nay, cng ty tin hnh ng k S ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi, S c

m s qun l CTNH: 80.0000.55.T cp ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2011 do S Ti nguyn

v Mi trng tnh Long An cp.

Cht thi rn sinh hot: Cht thi rn ca Cng ty c qun l theo Thng t

12/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 14/04/2011 quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi v Ngh

nh 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn.

Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng ty c thu gom bi C s TRN VN PHI thu gom

hng ngy.

Cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi: c thu gom ngy 1 ln v phn loi

theo thnh phn. Cht thi rn c lu tr ti kho ph liu ca Cng ty. Lng cht thi

rn ny c nh k hng thng bn cho n v thu mua ph liu.

Cht thi nguy hi ca cng ty c lu tr theo tiu chun ISO 14001. Hin nay,

cng ta k hp ng thu gom cht thi nguy hi vi DNTN Thng Mi XNK Vn

Ti Lm Pht nh k 02 thng s tin hnh thu gom v x l rc thi nguy hi. Ring


Trang 30


i vi dung mi s dng ra khun in s c thu gom li trong thng cha v bn

ngc li cho c s thu mua ha cht ti sn xut, cng ty khng thi dung mi

(toluene) ra mi trng.

Cng ty C phn Bao B hot ng k t ngy 21/11/2008, t ti l C20, cm

cng nghip nha c Ho H, p Bnh Tin, X c Ho H, huyn c Ho, tnh

Long An. Trc khi chnh thc hot ng, cng ty tm kim n v c chc nng

tin hnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, nhng cn c theo ngh nh s

80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/06/2006 ca Chnh Ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn

thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng v Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy

28/02/2008 ca Chnh Ph v vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s

80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006, th cng ty ang trong qu trnh xy dng nn

khng th tin hnh th tc ny.

Khi ban hnh Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP ngy 18 thng 04 nm 2011 ca chnh

ph v vic Quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc; nh gi tc ng mi trng;

cam kt bo v mi trng, nhng cha c thng t hng dn lp n bo v mi

trng nn cng ty cha th ng k n bo v mi trng cho n thi im hin

nay.


Trang 31


CHNG 2. M T CC NGUN CHT THI V CC VN MI

TRNG KHNG LIN QUAN N CHT THI V BIN PHP QUN L/

X L

2.1. Ngun cht thi rn thng thng

2.1.1. Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn

a. Cht thi rn sn xut

Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty bao gm mng bao b

rch, bao b h bng c tnh khi lng trung bnh khong 200kg/thng.

b. Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi rn thi ra ch yu l rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn vin pht sinh t cc

phn xng, khu vc vn phng, nh v sinh... vi s lng khong 26,7 kg/ngy. Rc

thi sinh hot c thnh phn:

Cc hp cht c thnh phn hu c: Thc phm, rau qu, thc n tha, giy bo,

thng cartong.;

Cc hp cht c thnh phn v c: Bao nylon, nha, plastic, PVC, thy tinh, v hp

kim loi

Cht thi sinh hot c cha cc thnh phn hu c cao, l mi trng sng tt cho cc

vi trng gy bnh, l ngun thc n cho rui mui, y l vt trung gian gy bnh cho

ngi v c th pht trin thnh dch.

Cht thi rn sinh hot c thnh phn d phn hy sinh hc, cng vi iu kin kh

hu c nhit v m cao nn sau mt thi gian ngn chng s b phn hy k kh hay

hiu kh, sinh ra cc kh nh CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, NH3, gy mi hi.

Cht thi sinh hot nu khng c thu gom v x l tt th lng nc r r s d

dng thm su xung tng nc ngm gy suy thoi tng nc ngm trong khu vc v

lan ra vng xung quanh.

Cc thnh phn hu c d phn hu ca rc sinh hot khi thi vo mi trng m

khng qua x l thch hp s gy ra nhiu tc hi cho mi trng sng v gy mt m

quan nu khng c thu gom v vn chuyn i x l.

2.1.2. Bin php qun l/x l

a. Cht thi rn sn xut


Trang 32


Cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi khong 6,7 kg/ngy (tng ng 200

kg/thng) bao gm cc loi nh: mng nha d, nilng d c thu gom ngy 1 ln v

phn loi theo thnh phn. Cht thi rn c lu tr ti kho ph liu ca Cng ty. Lng

cht thi rn ny c nh k hng thng bn cho n v thu mua ph liu.

b. Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi rn sinh hot ca Cng ty C phn Bao b ... khong 800 kg/thng, c thu

gom, phn loi v lu tr trong thng cha, t ti khu vc ring. Ton b lng cht

thi rn ny c thu gom hng ngy v hp ng vi n v c chc nng (C s Trn

Vn Phi) thu gom, vn chuyn i x l theo quy nh (Hp ng c nh km ti ph

lc).

2.2. Ngun pht sinh cht thi lng

2.2.1. Ngun pht sinh

a. Nc thi sn xut

Nc thi sn xut: Pht sinh t h thng lm mt cc thit b my mc, t qu trnh

lm ngui, tuy nhin h thng nc lm mt v gii nhit tun hon kn ti cc cng on

sn xut nn s khng pht sinh nc thi sn xut trong hot ng ca cng ty.

m bo cht lng nc cho sn xut, lng nc ny c thi b ra nh k

khong 6 thng/ln l 45 m3/ln, thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc gii nhit nh sau:

- Cu cn: Cn lng hnh thnh do cc mui khong trong nc kt ta li to thnh

cu cn. Cc loi cu cn ph bin l CaCO3, CaSO4, SiO2, silicat. Cu cn hnh thnh

trn b mt s rt cng v kh lm sch. Do lm gim kh nng trao i nhit v hiu

sut ca h thng.

- n mn: H thng lm mt c nhiu dng n mn, t n mn n gin nht l n

mn in ho n n mn r do cn bm hoc n mn do vi sinh vt. n mn lm gim

tui th ca thit b, tiu tn chi ph thay th cc ph kin hng hc. N cng lm tiu

hao chi ph sa cha v dng h thng. n mn do cn bm lm lng ph in nng v

gim hiu sut.

- Cn bm dnh: Cn bm xy ra khi cc cht rn hnh thnh hoc gp phn gy nn

cn lng trn b mt thit b. Chng tn ti trong h thng di dng cc cht rn l lng

v c a vo h thng t nc cp b sung, to thnh t qu trnh n mn hay t kh

quyn. V d nh ct, sn, bn, vi khunchng c khuynh hng bm cht vo b mt


Trang 33


trao i nhit, ngn cn qu trnh trao i nhit v dng chy ca nc. Chng cng c

th hot ng nh l mt cht lin kt vi cc cht cu cn khc to thnh trong h thng.

- Vi sinh vt: Vi sinh vt l vn hay gp phi trong cc h thng lm mt cng

nghip, chng c hnh thnh t to, nm v vi khun. Chng gy nn hin tng tc

nghn, cn bm, n mn v ph hu cc thnh phn lm t g ca thp gii nhit. C rt

nhiu loi vi sinh vt khc nhau c th tn ti trong h thng nc lnh. Nhng vn

ny sinh cho h thng l hin tng tc nghn v cn bm do vi sinh vt, axit sunfuric,

hin tng n mn do cn bm v nh hng ti sc khe ca con ngi.

b. Nc thi sinh hot

Nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty bao gm nc thi t nh v sinh, t khu vc v sinh

c nhn ca cng nhn vin lm vic, khu vc nh bp, nh n cng nhn.

Lng nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty l 30 m3/ngy (tng ng 900 m3/thng)

Cn c vo quy trnh v cng ngh sn xut, qu trnh hot ng sn xut ca cng ty

c s dng ngun nc nhng ton b lng nc dng cho mc ch sn xut s c

tun hon li ti s dng, mt phn nc s bc hi ra mi trng. Nc thi ca cng

ty ch yu l nc thi sinh hot v nc ma chy trn.

Nc thi sinh hot

Cn c vo tnh hnh hot ng thc t v kho st ti cng ty th tng lng nc

thi sinh hot hng ngy l Q = 30 m3/ngy:

nh gi cht lng, ti lng v nng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi,

cng ty tin hnh ly mu v phn tch mu nc ti 2 v tr nh sau:

- Ti b cha nc thi sau khi qua b t hoi v trc khi a vo h thng x l - Sau h thng x l Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi trc khi a vo h thng x l tp trung

Bng 10. Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi trc h thng x l ca cng ty

STT CH TIU N

V

KT

QU

QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT PHNG PHP

TH A B

1 pH (*) - 8,38 6 9 5,5 9 TCVN 6492 : 2011


Trang 34


2 BOD5 (200C)(*) mgO2/l 93 30 50 TCVN 6001 : 2008

3 COD (*) mgO2/l 831 75 150 SMEWW 5220.C :

2005 4 TSS (*) mg/l 130 50 100 TCVN 6625 : 2000

5 Tng nit (*) mg/l 4 20 40 TCVN 6638 : 2000

6 Tng

photpho(*) mg/l 3 4 6 SMEWW 4500-P.E :

2005 7 Coliform MPN/

100ml 4.500 3.000 5.000 SMEWW 9221B :

2005 Ngun: Cng Ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

(*) : Ch tiu c cng nhn Vilas

Nhn xt

Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot nu khng a vo h thng x l

nh sau:

- BOD5 l 93 mg/lt, cao hn gp 03 ln so vi quy chun cho php l 30mg/l;

-TSS l 130 mg/lt, cao gp 2,6 ln so vi quy chun cho php l 50 mg/l;

-Tng Nit l 97,5 mg/lt, cao gp 1,9 ln so vi quy chun cho php l 50mg/l;

c trng ca nc thi sinh hot l cha hm lng cc cht hu c, cht rn l

lng, du m, cht dinh dng v vi sinh vt gy bnh cao. Nu khng c cc bin php

x l thch hp, lng nc thi ny c th lm nhim mi trng.

Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi sau khi a vo h thng x l nc thi tp

trung

Bng 10. Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi ca cng ty

STT CH TIU N

V

KT

QU

QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT PHNG PHP

TH A B

1 pH (*) - 7,00 6 9 5,5 9 TCVN 6492 : 2011

2 BOD5 (200C)(*) mgO2/l 10,2 30 50 TCVN 6001 : 2008


Trang 35


3 COD (*) mgO2/l 38,4 75 150 SMEWW 5220.C :

2005 4 TSS (*) mg/l 7 50 100 TCVN 6625 : 2000

5 Tng nit (*) mg/l 0,7 20 40 TCVN 6638 : 2000

6 Tng

photpho(*) mg/l 0,42 4 6 SMEWW 4500-P.E :

2005 7 Coliform MPN/

100ml 900 3.000 5.000 SMEWW 9221B :

2005 Ngun: Cng Ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

(*) : Ch tiu c cng nhn Vilas

Nhn xt:

So snh kt qu phn tch nng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi trc khi thi

ra mi trng ca Cng ty vi quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip cho

thy tt c cc ch tiu u t tiu chun.

- Ch tiu pH l 7,00 nm trong gii hn t tiu chun cho php l 6-9.

- Ch tiu BOD5(200C) l 10,2 mg O2/l thp hn tiu chun cho php l 30 mg O2/l.

- Ch tiu COD l 38,4 mg O2/l thp hn tiu chun cho php l 75 mg O2/l.

- Ch tiu TSS l 7 mg/l thp hn tiu chun cho php l 50 mg/l.

- Ch tiu Nit l 0,7mg/l thp hn tiu chun cho php l 20 mg/l.

- Ch tiu Phospho l 0,42 mg/l thp hn tiu chun cho php l 4 mg/l.

- Ch tiu tng Coliform l 900 MPN/100ml thp hn tiu chun cho php l 3000

MPN/100ml.

Nhn chung cht lng nc thi ca c s t tiu chun x thi quy nh QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT (ct A), Kq = 0,9, Kf = 1,2.

Tc ng ca nc thi

Nc thi sinh hot cha cc cht cn b, cc cht rn l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu

c d phn hy sinh hc, cc hp cht dinh dng (N, P), vi khun gy bnh nn c th

gy nhim ngun nc mt v nc ngm nu khng c x l.

Cc cht hu c

Mc nhim cht hu c trong ngun nc c biu hin thng qua thng s

BOD5 v COD. Khi hm lng cht hu c cao s dn n suy gim nng oxy ha tan


Trang 36


trong nc do vi sinh s dng lng oxy ny phn hy cc cht hu c. Ngoi ra,

nng oxy ha tan thp cn nh hng n kh nng t lm sch ca ngun tip nhn.

Cht rn l lng

Cht rn l lng cng l mt trong nhng tc nhn tiu cc gy nhim n ti

nguyn thy sinh, ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan, lm tng c ngun nc.

Cc cht dinh dng: Nit, Photpho

Ngun nc c mc dinh dng va phi s l iu kin tt cho rong, to, thy sinh

pht trin. Khi nng cc cht dinh dng qu cao s gy hin tng ph dng ha.

Hin tng ny s lm gim st cht lng nc ca ngun tip nhn do gia tng c,

tng hm lng hu c v c th c t do to tit ra gy cn tr i sng thy sinh v

nh hng ti nc cp sinh hot. Nu lng nc thi ny khng c x l trit

cng s gy ra cc tc ng n ngun tip nhn nc thi.

Vi sinh vt gy bnh

Nc thi c ln vi khun gy bnh l nguyn nhn ca cc dch bnh thng hn,

ph thng hn, l, t. Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng rut. E.coli

(Escherichia Coli) l vi khun thuc nhm Coliform, c nhiu trong phn ngi.

Ch d n xy dng b x l ton nc thi, ton b lng nc thi sinh hot c

thu gom vo b x l nc thi ring ca cng ty v t tiu chun trc khi thi ra h

thng x l nc thi tp trung ca cm cng nghip c Ho H.

c. Nc ma chy trn

Nc ma c thu gom ring trn ton b din tch khu vc, trong qu trnh chy

trn b mt c th li ko theo mt s cht bn, bi. V nguyn tc th nc ma c

qui c l sch, i vi cng ty do tnh cht ca nguyn liu v sn phm l khng c

tnh c nn vn nhim do nc ma trong trng hp c s c l khng c. Thnh

phn v nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn nh sau:

- Photpho: 0,004 - 0,03 mg /l;

- Tng Nit: 0,5 - 1,5 mg/l;

- Nhu cu xy ha hc (COD): 10 - 20 mg/l;

- Tng cht rn l lng (TSS): 10 - 20 mg/l.


Trang 37


Lng nc ny cha ch yu l cc ht bi v c. V vy Cng ty tch ring bit

ng thot nc ma ra khi nc thi v cho thi thng ra ngoi. Hn na, ton b

khun vin nh my c b tng ha hon ton, nn nc ma tng i sch v c th

thi thng ra ngoi m khng cn x l.


Nc thi sn xut ca cng ty ch yu l nc gii nhit, lm ngui my mc thit

b Loi nc thi ny cha ch yu l cht rn l lng v cc cht hu c, hm lng

cht gy nhim thp nn tc ng n mi trng khng ng k m ch yu vn l

nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn vin trong cng ty.

Vng tun hon nc ti cng ty dng cho gii nhit, lm ngui nh sau:

Hnh 3. S tun hon nc gii nhit

Thuyt minh quy trnh tun hon nc gii nhit:

Nc thi sau khi thi ra thit b sn xut s c dn vo h thng lm lnh. Ti h

thng lm lnh nc s c lm lnh, lng nc hao ht s c b vo t b cha

nc (hao ht khong 10 %, tc 3m3/ngy). Nc c lm lnh ti h thng lm lnh s

c phc v li cho qu trnh sn xut.

m bo cho hot ng sn xut, lng nc thi dng cho qu trnh gii nhit

ny s nh k thi b hon ton 6 thng/ln, nh trnh by phn 2.2 Ngun pht

H thng lm lnh

H thng ng dn nc thi t thit b sn xut n h

thng lm lnh

Thit b sn xut

Nc b bc

hi 1,5m3/ngy


Trang 38


sinh cht thi lng , mc Nc thi sn xut th c trng ca loi nc ny ch yu

cha cht rn l lng, cu cn Hm lng cht gy nhim khng cao, v vy cng ty

s tin hnh a qua b cha nc thi lng s b nhm loi b cn, sau thi ra mi

trng.

Nc thi sinh hot ca cng ty c thu gom v dn vo h thng x l nc thi

tp trung ca cng ty vi cng sut 30m3/ngy. Quy trnh HTXLNT nh sau:

Hnh 4. S h thng x l nc thi ca cng ty

Thuyt minh quy trnh

Ghi ch:

ng nc thi

ng ha cht

ng bn

Bn tun hon

Bn d

B iu ha

B lng

Bn lc

Nc thi u ra

B cha bn

Bn thi b

Nc thi u vo

Ha cht Kh trng

B tip nhn

B Aerotank

B kh trng

Kh oxy


Trang 39


B iu ha:

B iu ha k kh c tc dng iu ha lu lng v nng .

iu ha lu lng l phng php c p dng khc phc cc vn sinh ra do

s dao ng ca lu lng, ci thin hiu qu hot ng ca cc qu trnh tip theo.

Cc li ch c bn ca vic iu ha lu lng l: (1) qu trnh x l sinh hc c nng

cao do khng b hoc gim n mc thp nht shock ti trng, cc cht nh hng n

qu trnh x l c th c pha long, pH c th c trung ha v n nh; (2) cht

lng nc thi sau x l c ci thin do ti trng cht thi ln cc cng trnh n nh.

trnh lng cn, cc thit b phn phi kh c lp t b iu ha.

Dung tch cha nc cng ln th an ton, v nhiu mt, cng cao. B iu ho

c s dng iu ho lu lng, nng cc cht nhim. T b iu ha s c

dn ti b k kh.

B Aerotank

B Aerotank tip nhn nc t b iu ha. y l cng trnh x l cht nhim hu

c chnh trong quy trnh x l la chn, ng dng cng ngh sinh hc hiu kh, nh hot

ng ca cc vi sinh vt trong nc thi, oxy ha cht nhim trong nc thi.

cc vi sinh vt hiu kh hot ng hiu qu, trong b c b tr h thng sc kh lin

tc vi thit b phn tn kh bng a sc kh lp di y b. Kh cung cp bng my sc

kh.

Khi vn hnh hiu qu, b Aerotank c th x l c khong 70-80% cht nhim.

Nc thi b Aerotank dng xo trn hon ton do c h thng sc kh lin tc,

do b Aerotank cn c b lng lng cn bn hot tnh ny.

B lng

Bng c ch ca qu trnh lng trng lc, b lng c nhim v tch cn l lng cng

nh vi sinh, mng sinh hc sinh ra t b phn hy sinh hc. Nc thi ra khi thit b

lng c hm lng cn (SS) gim n 60%. Bn lng y b lng s c bm bn

SP01 bm tun hon mt phn v b x l sinh hc hiu kh b sung lng sinh khi

trong b v phn cn li c bm sang sn phi bn.

Bng c ch ca qu trnh lng trng lc, b lng c nhim v tch cn l lng cng

nh vi sinh, mng sinh hc sinh ra t b phn hy sinh hc. Nc thi ra khi thit b

lng c hm lng cn (SS) gim n 60%. Bn lng y b lng s c bm bn


Trang 40


SP01 bm tun hon mt phn v b x l sinh hc hiu kh b sung lng sinh khi

trong b v phn cn li c bm sang sn phi bn.

B kh trng

Phn nc trong sau lng s chy qua b kh trng trc khi x ra ngun tip nhn.

Chlorine l cht kh trng c s dng ph bin do hiu qu dit khun cao v gi

thnh tng i r.

Qu trnh kh trng nc xy ra qua 2 giai on: u tin cht kh trng khuch tn

xuyn qua v t bo vi sinh vt sau phn ng vi men bn trong t bo v ph hoi

qu trnh trao i cht dn n vi sinh vt b tiu dit.

B lc

Nc thi sau b kh trng c bm qua bn lc ct. Nc thi sau khi qua bn lc

ct t QCVN 40 : 2011/BTNMT (ct A, vi Kf = 1,2 v Kq = 0,9) trc khi thi ra

ngun tip nhn l knh An H.

B cha bn

B cha bn c nhim v cha bn t bn lng ha l v bn lng sinh hc. nh k

theo thi gian s c bm ht thi b theo tiu chun mi trng.

nh gi hiu qu x l nc thi:

Cn c vo kt qu phn tch nc thi trc v sau h thng x l ti cng ty, nhn

thy:

- Cng sut h thng x l nc thi tp trung l 30m3/ngy.m

- Hiu qu x l: t so vi QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, ct A vi Kf = 1,2 v Kq = 0,9

2.3. Ngun pht sinh cht thi kh

2.3.1. Ngun pht sinh cht thi kh

a. Ngun pht sinh

- Bi pht sinh t hot ng cng on phi trn ht nha trong dy chuyn ch bin;

- Hi dung mi pht sinh t cng on gia nhit nha to thnh mng, qu trnh in

bao b.

- Bi v kh thi pht sinh t cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm,

phng tin i li, kh thi cha cc cht nhim nh: bi, SO2, NO2, CO, v.v. Tuy nhin

lng kh thi ny pht sinh khng nhiu v thi gian hot ng ca cc phng tin

khng lin tc nn tc ng ca lng kh ny khng ng k.


Trang 41


- Hot ng ca my pht in d phng cng gy ra mt s cht thi gy nhim nh:

Bi, CO, SO2, NOx ting n v rung.

b. nh gi ngun pht sinh cht thi kh

Bi sinh ra t qu trnh phi trn ht nha

Bi nha pht sinh cng on phi trn nguyn liu, do tnh cht ca nguyn liu l

ht nha nn lng bi pht sinh khng ng k.

i tng b tc ng chnh l cng nhn trc tip tham gia sn xut v vn hnh

trong nh my. Tuy nhin, vi cch b tr nh xng v h thng thng gi hp l, ng

thi s dng v bo hnh my mc thit b mt cch ph hp v ng yu cu k thut

nn m bo cc tc ng gy ra.

Hi dung mi

Hi dung mi pht sinh trong cng on gia nhit nha to thnh mng, qu trnh

in bao b, cng on ghp nh hnh ct. Tuy nhin, dy chuyn sn xut ca cng ty

l dy truyn t ng kp kn. Theo kho st ti mt s dy chuyn sn xut tng t v

kt qu o c phn tch mi trng th hm lng hi dung mi ti cng on ny

khng vt tiu chun cho php.

Bi t qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu sn xut

Nguyn liu s dng trong sn xut l ht nha, mng nha.. , v vy m bi pht sinh

l bi lng v mt phn bi l lng. Do nh my nm trong cm cng nghip quy

hoch v m bo khong cch an ton cho dn c ven cm cng nghip nn bi ch nh

hng trc tip n cng nhn v tc ng mt phn n cc x nghip xung quanh.

Ty thuc vo phng thc bc d v tp kt nguyn vt liu m nhim pht sinh

nhiu hay t, nng bi s tng cao hn trong nhng ngy nng gi, bi nguyn liu b

ri vi hoc t cc bi cha cun theo gi pht tn vo khng kh gy nhim cho cc

khu vc xung quanh.

Kh thi sinh ra t my pht in d phng

n nh cho hot ng ca khu vc trong trng hp li in c s c, Ch u

t s dng 02 my pht in d phng vi tng ca 2 my cng sut l 45 KVA, nguyn

liu s dng l du Diesel (DO).

Khi chy my pht in, nh mc tiu th nhin liu khong 4,7 kg du DO/h. Thng

thng qu trnh t nhin liu lng kh d l 30%. Khi nhit kh thi l 2000C, th


Trang 42


lng kh thi khi t chy 1kg DO l 38 m3/kg. Vi nh mc 4,7 kg du DO/h cho my

pht in, tnh c lu lng kh thi tng ng l 178,6 m3/h. Da trn cc h s ti

lng ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO, 1993) c th tnh ti lng cc cht nhim trong

bng 11

Bng 11. Ti lng v nng cc cht gy nhim t kh thi ca my pht in

Cht

nhim

H s nhim

DO

(kg/tn) (1)

Ti lng

nhim (g/gi)

Nng cht

nhim

(mg/m3)

QCVN

19:2009/BTNMT; ct

B; Kv = 1; Kp = 1

Bi 0,71 3,33 18,6 120

SO2 20 S 0,047 0,26 300

NOx 9,62 45,2 253 510

THC 9,97 45,9 257 -

CO 2,19 10,3 57,7 600

Ngun: (1) WHO, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution, 1993.

Ghi ch

Hm lng S trong du DO l 0,05%

- QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT; ct B; Kv = 1; Kp = 1: Quy chun k tht quc gia i vi

kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c; ct B p dng i vi cc c s dch

v hot ng k t ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2007.

Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi pht sinh t my pht in s dng du DO

u t tiu chun cho php QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT; ct B; Kv = 1; Kp = 1. Mc khc

do my pht in d phng ch c vn hnh khi xy ra s c mt in nn thi gian s

dng my tng i t, ch s dng nhng lc cn thit nn tc ng n mi trng

khng kh mc tng i thp. Tuy nhin, ch c s cng s c cc bin php qun

l ni vi thch hp kim sot ngun gy nhim ny.

Tc hi ca kh thi:

- Tc ng ca bi

Bi vo phi thng qua ng h hp gy kch thch c hc v pht sinh phn ng

gy nn nhng bnh h hp. Bi sinh ra s gy tn thng mt v mi khi tip xc lin


Trang 43


tc, kch thch vim nhim nim mc, mi, hng... Ngoi ra cn gy kch thch ha hc

v sinh hc nh d ng, nhim khun...;

Ngoi ra bi nhim cn tc ng xu n cy xanh trong khu vc d n, biu hin

thng thy l cy ci trong khu vc thng b ph mt lp bi trn mt l, gy cn tr

qu trnh quanghp ca cy, cy ci s b ci cc, chm ln, l a vng nhanh, nh hng

n qu trnh sinh trng pht trin ca cy.

- Tc ng ca kh SO2

Kh SO2 kch thch cc nim mc mt v cc ng h hp. nng cao, SO2 gy

vim kt mc, bng, c gic mc. Tc hi ca SO2 i vi chc nng phi ni chung rt

mnh khi c mt cc ht bi trong khng kh;

SO2 trong khng kh khi ht vo bn trong c th nhanh chng b hp th khi tip xc

vi b mt m t ca cc ng h hp, chuyn thnh cc dng khc nhau (H2SO3,

SO3-) ri vo h tun hon nhng tc hi chnh SO2 gy ra l ng h hp;

SO2 khi kt hp vi bi to thnh cc bi axit l lng, nu kch thc nh hn 2 - 3

micromet s vo ti ph nang t gy tc hi cc t chc t bo. SO2 c th nhim c

qua da gy s chuyn ha lm gim d tr kim trong mu, o thi amoniac ra nc tiu

v kim tra nc bt;

Cc kh SOx, NOx khi b oxy ha trong khng kh v kt hp vi nc ma to nn

ma axit gy nh hng n s pht trin ca cy trng v thm thc vt. Khi nng

SO2 trong khng kh khong 1 - 2 ppm c th gy tn thng i vi l cy sau vi gi

tip xc. Hin tng nhim khng kh do SO2 quanh Nh my ha cht Th c (1985

- 1992) gy rng tri cy (da), gim nng sut hoa mu chng minh cho tc ng ca

cc kh axit n i sng thc vt;

S c mt ca SOx v NOx trong khng kh nng m lm tng cng qu trnh n

mn kim loi, ph hy vt liu b tng v cc cng trnh xy dng, nh ca.

- Tc ng ca NOx

Cc nghin cu khoa hc cho thy cc loi oxit nit c tc dng lm phai mu thuc

nhum vi, lm h hng vi bng v nilon, lm han g kim loi v sn sinh ra phn t

NO3-. Cho n nay vn cha xc nh c nng NOx bng bao nhiu th gy hi cho

con ngi;


Trang 44


NO nng thng trong khng kh khng gy hi cho sc khe con ngi. N ch

gy hi khi b oxy ha thnh NO2, NO2 l kh c mu hng, mi ca n c th pht hin

c vo khong 0,12 ppm. Tnh cht quan trng ca n trong phn ng ha hc l hp

th bc x t ngoi. Kh NO2 khi nng 100 ppm c th gy t vong cho ngi v ng

vt sau mt thi gian ngn tip xc. Vi nng 5 ppm sau mt thi gian di tip xc c

th dn n nh hng xu n h h hp. Khi ngi ta tip xc lu vi kh NO2 nng

0,06 ppm c th b cc bnh v phi.

- Tc ng ca kh CO

L loi kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, kh nng khng ca con ngi i

vi kh CO rt thp. Kh CO c th b oxy ha thnh Carbon Dioxyt (CO2) nhng phn

ng ny xy ra kh chm di tc dng ca nh sng mt tri trong mt thi gian kh

lu. C th CO b oxy ha v bm vo thc vt sau chuyn dch trong qu trnh dip

ha;

Cc vi sinh vt trn mt t cng c kh nng hp th kh CO t kh quyn. Tc hi

ca kh CO i vi con ngi v ng vt xy ra khi n ha hp thun nghch vi

Hemoglobin (Hb) trong mu:

HbO2 + CO HbCO + O2

Hemoglobin c lc ht ha hc i vi CO mnh hn i vi O2, khi CO v O2 c

mt trong bo ha s lng cng vi Hemoglobin th nng HbO2 (Oxyhemoglobin) v

HbCO (Carboxihemoglobin) c quan h theo ng thc Hendene nh sau:

[HbCO]/[HbO2] = M * P(CO)/P(O2)

Trong :

- P(CO) v P(O2) l lc ht thnh phn kh (hay nng kh) CO v O2;

- M l hng s v ph thuc vo hnh thi ng vt ( ngi M = 200 -300) Hn hp Hb v CO lm gim hm lng oxy trong mu.

- Tc ng ca kh CO2

CO2 c xem nh khng c c tnh i vi ngi v l mt cht gy ngt n

thun. Tuy nhin trong thc t CO2 l nguyn nhn ca nhiu tai nn cht ngi nhiu

ni trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam. CO2 l mt kh khng mu, khng mi, c v t

t. Cng nh CO, CO2 khng b hp th bi than hot tnh, v vy khng th phng chng

CO2 bng mt n kiu hp lc. nng thp, CO2 kch thch trung tm h hp gy ra


Trang 45


trm ut, tc gin, tai, c th ngt. H hp v nhp tim chm li, do tc dng ca CO2

trn ph v, da xanh tm, cc u chi lnh, c th t vong nhanh. Tip xc vi nng

cao trn 10% CO2, trong mt pht gy nhc u, ri lon th gic, th chm, tim p yu,

cui cng ngng th trc khi tim ngng p.

- Tc hi ca VOC (cht hu c bay hi)

Cc hp cht hu c bay hi (VOC) sinh ra cc ni nh bn cha xng du, phng

tin vn ti, khu vc chy my pht in. Kh thi trong qu trnh t nhin liu c VOC

trong ch yu l cacbua hydro cha chy ht, gy hi cho sc khe;

Cc triu chng nhim c cp tnh l suy nhc, chng mt, say, co git, ngt, vim

phi, apxe phi,....khi ht th hi hydrocacbon nng 40.000 mg/m3 c th b nhim

c cp tnh vi cc triu chng tc ngc, chng mt, ri lon gic quan, tm thn, nhc

u, bun nn, nn...

Vi mt khi lng cc cht nhim khng kh nh trn, nu khng c bin php thu

hi trc khi thi vo mi trng cc cht nhim khng kh k trn c th gp phn nh

hng ti cht lng khng kh bao quanh nh my v khu vc ni chung. Cc hi kh

c ny ty thuc vo thn phn v nng m nh hng n sc khe con ngi, c

bit l cho ngi cng nhn trc tip lao ng trong phn xng. Cc bi, khi cng s

gp phn lm gim tm nhn, hp th bc x mt tri v lm gim trong sut ca kh

quyn.

Ni tm li, cc nhim v khng kh ca nh my s gp phn lm nhim bu

khng kh khu vc, v t gy ra tc ng xu n c th con ngi, ng, thc vt v

cng trnh ti sn.

2.3.2. Kt qu o c, phn tch cht lng mi trng kh

a. Kt qu o c, phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh

Bng 12. Kt qu o cht lng mi trng khng kh

STT V tr o Bi CO NO2 SO2 Hi Hu c

mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3

1 Khu vc cng bo v 0,20 8,17 0,046 0,055 -

2 Khu vc xng in 0,30 12,04 0,050 0,054 0,02


Trang 46


3 Khu vc xng my thi 0,32 12,12 0,051 0,052 -

Quy chun k thut quc gia v

cht lng khng kh xung quanh

QCVN 05 : 2009/BTNMT

0,3 30 0,2 0,35 -

Tiu chun v sinh lao ng

(Theo Q s 3733/2002/Q-BYT

ngy 10/10/2002)

8 20 5 5 100

Ngun: Cng Ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

Nhn xt:

Nhn chung kt qu phn tch bn trong nh xng v khu vc xung quanh cng ty

u t tiu chun cho php.

Ti cng bo v:

- Ch tiu Bi l 0,20 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 0,3 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu CO l 8,17 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 30 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu SO2 l 0,046 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 0,35 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu NO2 l 0,055 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 0,2 mg/m3.

Ti khu vc xng in:

- Ch tiu Bi l 0,32 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 8 mg/m3.


- Ch tiu SO2 l 0,050 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 5 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu NO2 l 0,054mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 5 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu hi hu c l 0,02 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 100

Ti khu vc xng my thi:

- Ch tiu Bi l 0,30 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 8 mg/m3.


- Ch tiu SO2 l 0,051 mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 5 mg/m3.

- Ch tiu NO2 l 0,052mg/m3 thp hn tiu chun cho php l 5 mg/m3.

T kt qu phn tch trn cho thy cc ch tiu u t tiu chun, quy chun cho

php, iu ny chng t hot ng sn xut ca Cng ty C phn bao b Tn Thnh nh

hng khng ng k n mi trng khng kh xung quanh khu vc.

Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti ngun thi


Trang 47


* Phng php ly mu v phn tch

c trnh by trong bng bn di

Bng 13. Phng php ly mu v phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti ngun

STT Ch tiu Phng php v thit b ly mu

1 Bi TCVN 5977 2009

2 Nhit Center 350 Infrared Thermometer

2 SO2 TQKT YHL&VSMT 1993

3 NOx TCVN 7172 2002

4 CO TQKT YHL&VSMT 1993

Ngun: Cng ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

* Tiu chun so snh

Cht lng mi trng khng kh ti ngun thi ca ng pht thi ca nh my c

so snh vi quy chun v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c QCVN

19:2009/BTNMT ca B TN & MT.

* Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti ngun thi

Bng 14. Kt qu o c cht lng kh thi ti ng pht thi ca my pht in

V tr o Bi khi CO SO2 NOx mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3

My pht in 1,51 3,3 282,4 68,9

QCVN

19,20:2009/BTNMT

(gi tr gii hn A)

400 1000 1500 1000

Ngun: Cng ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

Nhn xt

Nhn chung, cc ch tiu o c u thp hn mc quy nh trong QCVN

19,20:2009/BTNMT (Gi tr gii hn A)


Theo kt qu phn tch trn, cc tc ng n mi trng khng kh do hot ng

ca my mc thit b, kh thi t phng tin giao thng v bi t qu trnh nghin nha


Trang 48


trong dy chuyn sn xut. Cc bin php gim thiu nh hng ca kh thi n mi

trng xung quanh c Cng ty p dng nh sau:

- khng ch nhim do kh thi t vic s dng du, cng ty chn nhin liu

t cho my pht in d phng l du DO - loi nhin liu t gy nhim mi trng so

vi cc loi nhin liu t khc. Bn cnh , my pht in ca cng ty t khi c s

dng (ch s dng khi mt in) nn s pht thi rt t v khng thng xuyn. Hin ti

kh thi do t du my pht in d phng c pht tn qua ng khi cao, vt nc

nh 10 m nhm gim thiu tc ng ca kh thi khi my hot ng;

- khng ch bi t khu ht nha, khu vc sn xut nha ti sinh c tch

ring pha sau nh my nhm trnh nh hng ti cc khu vc khc; H thng phi trn

ht nha c thit k hp nht. ng thi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc ny c

trang b khu trang y khi lm vic nhm hn ch n mc thp nht tc ng ca

bi n sc khe ca ngi cng nhn trc tip lm vic;

- i vi hi dung mi pht sinh t cng on gia nhit nha, in sn phm, trng

mng, cng ty trang b cc ng chp ht gn lin vi cc thit b pht sinh nhm ht hi

kh c, bi trong nh xng ra ngoi. Ti mi phn xng u c qut my cng nghip

v qut thng gi xung quanh tng nh xng nhm thng gi, gim hi kh c, bi

trong nh xng. Thng ng dung mi c bo qun cn thn ti mi phn xng c

s dng, thng dung mi sau khi s dng c y kn. Cng nhn trc tip sn xut

c trang b khu trang khi sn xut.

- khng ch kh thi t vic s dng xe nng: cng ty b tr nh xng thng

thong, m bo cc iu kin vi kh hu cho cng nhn lm vic;

- Thc hin tt qun l ni quy khu vc sn xut, v sinh mi trng lao ng lun

m bo sch, gn;

- Cng nhn c trang b y cc phng tin bo h lao ng;

- C k hoch kim tra v theo di cht ch vic s dng cc phng tin bo h lao

ng trong qu trnh lm vic;

- Dng xng, du t tiu chun cho cc phng tin vn chuyn, thng xuyn

qut dn v ti nc ng ni b.


Trang 49


2.4. Ngun pht sinh cht thi nguy hi


Cht thi rn cng nghip nguy hi pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty bao

gm: Gi lau dnh du nht, hp mc in, bng n hunh quang Khi lng v thnh

phn cht thi nguy hi th hin torng bng sau: cc loi cht thi nguy hi trung bnh

khong 771 kg/thng, trong c dung mi (toluene) dng cho cng on ra khun

mc in vi khi lng trung bnh l 45kg/thng.

2.4.2. Bin php qun l/x l cht thi nguy hi

Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ti Cng ty c phn loi, lu tr ti khu vc lu tr

cht thi nguy hi tm thi, ti khu vc lu tr c mi che, bin bo. Lng cht thi ny

c nh k thu gom bi DNTN TM XNK VT Lm Pht thu gom, vn chuyn v x l

cht thi nguy hi (Hp ng c nh km ti ph lc).

Ring dung mi thi, cng ty s thu gom v cha trong cc thng cha dung mi, sau

bn li cho n v thu mua ha cht ti sn xut.

2.5. Ngun ting n, rung


Hot ng sn xut ca Cng ty gy ra ting n t cc ngun sau:

- Ting n, rung pht sinh l t cc thit b my mc trong qu trnh ko si, dt,

nghin vn nha;

- Nhit d pht sinh t cc cng on: Gia nhit, thi, ghp

- Hot ng ca my pht in d phng cng gy ra ngun n v rung, tuy

nhin my pht in d phng c t ti khu vc ring bit nn nh hng n mi

trng xung quanh khng ln;

- Bn cnh , ting n cn pht sinh ti Cng ty do hot ng ca cc phng tin

vn chuyn.

nh hng ca ting n

Tai ngi ch c th chu c ti a tc ng ca ting n trong mt khong thi

gian nht nh mi ngy ph thuc vo mc n khc nhau. Nu tc dng ca ting n lp

li nhiu ln, hin tng mt mi ko di, thch gic khng c kh nng phc hi hon

ton v trng thi bnh thng. Sau mt thi gian di s pht trin thnh nhng bin i

c tnh cht bnh l, dn n thoi ha trong tai, gy ra cc bnh nng tai v bnh ic


Trang 50


(inh c Hin v Trn Vn ch, 2005).

Ting n c cng cao v trung bnh kch thch mnh h thng thn kinh trung

ng, gy ra ri loi v chc nng thn kinh v thng qua h thng thn kinh tc ng

ln cc c quan v h thng khc ca c th.

Ting n cng gy ra nhng thay i trong h thng tim mch km theo s ri lon

trng lc bnh thng ca mch mu v ri lon nhp tim.

Bng 15. Thi gian chu c ti a ting n ca tai ngi

Thi gian tc ng

(s gi trong ngy) Mc n (dB)

Thi gian tc ng

(s gi trong ngy) Mc n (dB)

8 90 2,0 100

6 92 1,5 102

4 95 1,0 105

3 97 0,5 110

Ngun: inh c Hin v Trn Vn ch, 2005

Nhit cao s gy nhng bin i v sinh l v c th con ngi nh mt nhiu m

hi, km theo l mt mt lng mui khong nh cc ion Na, K, Fe Nhit cao

cng tc ng n c tim nh lm tng chc nng lm vic ca tim, ngoi ra cn nh

hng n h thn kinh trung ng.

Ngoi ra, cc yu t nh tc gi cng l mt trong cc nguyn nhn lm nh

hng n nhit trong khu vc sn xut. Tuy nhin, tc gi cn ph thuc nhiu

vo cu trc nh xng v iu kin thng gi ca nh xng cng nh iu kin t

nhin ca khu vc.

Thng thng vo nhng ngy nng nng nhit t khu vc xng sn xut thng

cao hn so vi mi trng bn ngoi t 1-30C nh hng n cng nhn trc tip tham

gia sn xut.

2.5.2. Kt qu o c, phn tch vi kh hu, ting n.

Kt qu o vi kh hu, ting n c trnh by trong bng sau:

Bng 16. Kt qu o vi kh hu v ting n

STT V tr o n

(dBA)

Nhit

(OC)

m

(%)


Trang 51


1 Khu vc cng bo v - 33,5 58,6

2 Khu vc xng in 78,6 82,8 32 53,3

3 Khu vc xng my thi 78,4 81,1 32 57,3

Tiu chun v sinh lao ng

(Theo Q s 3733/2002/Q-

BYT

ngy 10/10/2002)

85 32 80

Quy chun k thut Quc gia v ting n

QCVN 26 : 2010/BTNMT

Khu vc thng thng T 6 gi - 21 gi: 70 21 gi n 6 gi: 55

- -

Ngun: Cng Ty TNHH Bch Vit ng Nai

Nhn xt:

Cht lng vi kh hu, ting n vi tt c cc ch tiu xt n u nm trong gii hn

cho php.

- Ti khu vc xng in, cng n nm trong khong 78,6 82,8 dBA, nm trong

gii hn cho php ca QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT.

- Ch tiu cng n ti khu vc bn trong xng my thi l 78,4 81,1dBA, thp

hn tiu chun cho php l nh hn hoc bng 85 dBA.

- Ch tiu nhit ti cng bo v l 33,5 0C, cao hn tiu chun cho php l 32 0C.

- Ch tiu nhit bn trong xng in l 32 0C, t tiu chun cho php l 32 0C

- Ch tiu nhit bn trong xng my thi l 32 0C, t tiu chun cho php l 32 0C

- Ch tiu m ti khu vc cng bo v l 58,6 %; thp hn tiu chun cho php l

nh hn hoc bng 80 %.

- Ch tiu m ti khu vc bn trong xng in l 53,3 %; thp hn tiu chun cho

php l nh hn hoc bng 80 %.

- Ch tiu m ti khu vc bn trong xng my thi l 57,3 %; thp hn tiu chun

cho php l nh hn hoc bng 80 %.


Trang 52



Kim tra cn bng ca cc thit b my mc trong qu trnh lp t v hiu chnh

nu cn thit;

Bo dng my mc, thit b theo nh k v sa cha khi cn thit: Thay du bi

trn cc my mc, sa cha cc mi h ca thit b hoc thay mi cc my mc thit b

h hng,

Cc chn , b my mc (nu lp t thm thit b mi) cn c gia c bng b

tng cht lng cao;

My pht in c t ti khu vc ring bit, trong phng kn c vch cch ly, c lp

t m chng rung;

Cng nhn c trang b y cc phng tin chng n (nt bt tai, m, qun o

bo h lao ng,);

C k hoch kim tra v theo di cht ch vic s dng cc phng tin bo h lao

ng thng xuyn;

Ting n t xe vn chuyn c kim sot bng vic khng ch qu ti v hn ch

bp ci trong khu vc nh xng ca Cng ty;

B tr hp l thi gian xe vn chuyn nguyn liu, sn phm ra vo Cng ty;

Vic hn ch nh hng ca nhit tha v ci thin mi trng vi kh hu l mt cng

tc quan trng v cn thit. iu kin vi kh hu xu khng ch nh hng n sc khe

ngi lao ng m cn nh hng n nng sut lao ng. Do , hn ch nh hng

nhit tha ng thi m bo mi trng vi kh hu tt cho cng nhn lm vic trong

xng sn xut, Cng ty s p dng cc bin php sau y:

+ Nh xng thng thong, m bo cc iu kin vi kh hu;

+ Thng xuyn o s liu v nhit , m, nng bi, hi dung mi trong nh

xng sn xut c bin php x l kp thi nhm m bo tt sc khe cho ngi lao

ng. Ngoi ra, y chnh l iu kin bi dng v trang b bo h lao ng cho ph

hp v an ton i vi ngi lao ng trong cng ty;


Trang 53


2.6. Cc vn mi trng, vn kinh t-x hi do c s to ra khng lin quan

n cht thi

Cng ty C phn Bao b t ti Cm cng nghip nha c Ho H, p Bnh

Tin, X c Ho H, huyn c Ho, tnh Long An. V nm trong cm cng nghip

c quy hoch v xy dng c s h tng k thut hon chnh nn cc tc ng t hot

ng ca doanh nghip n mi trng t nhin v dn c xung quanh khu vc u c

kim sot di s qun l ca cm cng nghip.

Tuy nhin, hot ng ca cng ty s tc ng n cc iu kin v kinh t-x hi nh:

Gii quyt vic lm cho ngi lao ng, c bit l lao ng ti a phung;

Nng cao cht lng cuc sng cho ngi dn ti khu vc;

Tng ngun thu cho ngn sch nh nc v a phng, thc y pht trin kinh

t.

Tuy nhin, vic hnh thnh v hot ng ca c s s lm gia tng nguy c bt n v

an ninh trt t x hi do vic gia tng lao ng ti khu vc d n, ng thi gia tng nguy

c n tc v tai nn giao thng do tp trung lng ln phng tin giao thng.


Trang 54


CHNG 3. K HOCH XY DNG, VN HNH TH NGHIM CC CNG

TRNH X L CHT THI

n bo v mi trng ca Cng ty TNHH DV TM SX .... t ti s 1645 Tnh

...Phng Tn To A, Qun Bnh Tn, Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Cng ty TNHH DV TM SX ... khng thuc i tng nm trong im e khon 1,

iu 3 ca Thng t s 01/2012/TT-BTNMT quy nh v lp, thm nh, ph duyt v

kim tra, xc nhn vic thc hin n bo v mi trng chi tit; lp v ng k n

bo v mi trng n gin, do , C s khng cn ph trnh by K hoch xy dng,

vn hnh th nghim cc cng trnh x l cht thi.


Trang 55


CHNG 4.K HOCH QUN L MI TRNG HNG NM

Cn c vo quy nh ti im e khon 1 iu 3 thng t s 01/2012/TT-BTNMT

ngy 16 thng 03 nm 2012 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh v lp, thm

nh, ph duyt v kim tra, xc nhn vic thc hin n bo v mi trng chi tit; lp

v ng k n bo v mi trng n gin, cng ty C phn Bao b ... xy dng v

i vo hot ng nn ni dung K hoch qun l mi trng hng nm ch trnh by

giai on vn hnh ca c s.

4.1. K hoch qun l cht thi


Trang 56


Bng 17. K hoch qun l cht thi

Giai on ca c

s

Ngun pht sinh

cht thi

Loi cht thi v

tng lng/lu

lng

Bin php qun

l/x l

Kinh ph thc

hin hng nm

(triu ng)

Thi gian thc

hin

Trch nhim

thc hin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Vn Hnh

Cht thi rn sinh

hot ca cng

nhn vin

Cht thi rn

thng thng

Tng lng: 26,7

kg/ngy

Thu gom, phn

loi v lu tr

trong thng cha,

t ti khu vc

ring. Thng cha

c dung tch 240lt

Hp ng vi

n v c chc

nng (C s Trn

Vn Phi) thu gom,

vn chuyn i x

l theo quy nh

124.000.000 T 21/11/2008

n nay

Ban kim sot v

ban qun l cht

lng ca cng ty

Cht thi rn sn - Thu gom vi 60.000.000 T 21/11/2008


Trang 57


Giai on ca c

s

Ngun pht sinh

cht thi

Loi cht thi v

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