bao goi TP

1BAO B THC PHAM

CHNG MOT:

THC PHAM VA BAO B

THC PHAM VA BAO B

Thc phm: c a vao c th con ngi qua con ng tieu hoa nham

muc ch giup cho con ngi phat trien va tao nang lngcho cac hoat ong. oi khi ch TP ch ap ng s thch makhong co bo dng.

Thc pham thng c the hien di cac mat sau: Dinh dng An toan ve sinh Cam quan

2THC PHAM VA BAO B

Khai niem bao b: Bao b la vat cha ng, bao boc

thc pham thanh n v e ban.Bao b co the bao gom nhieu lpbao boc, co the phu kn hoan toanhay 1 phan san pham

Bao b phai am bao cho sanpham co the phan phoi, lu kho,thng mai thuan li

Bao b co 2 loai: bao b kn, bao bh

THC PHAM VA BAO B

Chc nang cua bao b TP:

Chc nng bo v

Chc nng thng tin

Chc nng maketing

Chc nng s dng

Chc nng phn phi

Chc nng sn xut

Chc nng mi trng

Chc nng vn ho

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng bo v

Trong qu trnh bo qun v lu thng hng ho, thcphm lun lun b tc ng bi nhiu yu t khcnhau nn d b h hng

- Nhit ca mi trng, nc, bi, cc cht c hi th kh, th lng hoc th rn .v.v. rt d xmnhp vo thc phm

- Tc ng c hc trong qu trnh bc d, vn chuyn,bo qun

3THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng thng tin

Trn bao b cn phi cung cp cho ngi tiu dng nhng thng tin cn thit v sn phm bao gm :

- Tn sn phm- Ni sn xut

- Thnh phn

- Ngy sn xut v hn s dng

- i tng s dng

- Cc k hiu quy c : chng ma,chng va p, ...

- M vch

-Biu trng ca doanh nghip (nuc)

-Hng dn bo qun v s dng

Tt c thng tin phi chnh xc v nh sn xut phi chutrch nhim trc php lut v nhng thng tin do mnha ra trn bao b.

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng maketing

Hnh thc bao b ( hnh dng, kchthc, mu sc, trang tr trnbao b) hi ho v thng tincn thit s to cho ngi tiudng cm gic d chu, hp dnv tin tng. iu gp phnqung b cho sn phm cadoanh nghip v thc hin chcnng maketing ca bao b.

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng s dng

m bo chc nng s dng ngi ta phi thit k bao btheo cc yu cu sau :

- D m v c th ng li khi cha dng ht, kh m i vi tr em

- D ly ra bng cc dng c thng thng nh: dao n, tha, da, ng ht, a...

4THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng s dng

- Kch thc bao b ph hp chang mt lng sn phm thch hpvi nhng i tng tiu dng khcnhau

- C tc dng nh mt vt cha ngkhi s dng.

- C kch thc ph hp c th ddng t trong t bo qun (t chathc n hoc t lnh gia nh)

- Trong trng hp nht nh, bao b cth ti s dng cho cc sn phm gianh

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng phn phi

Bao b thc phm c th chia thnh 3 nhm : Bao b tiu dng,Bao b trung gian, Bao b vn chuyn.

Bao b tiu dng to ra mt n v tiu dng.

Tp hp mt s n v tiu dng thnh 1 bao b trung gian 1n v ng gi c th chuyn n tay ngi tiu dng.

Tp hp mt bao b trung gian thnh n v vn chuyn ahng ho n cc c s dch v thng mi.

m bo kh nng phn phi sn phm nhanh chng, thunli bao b thc phm phi t cc yu cu sau :


- i vi bao b tiu dng :

Phi c lng sn phm ph hp vi i tng ngi tiu dng v thi quen tiu dng

+ Khi lng ph hp

+ Th tch ph hp

+ Hnh dng v kch thc ph hp

5THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng phn phi

- i vi bao b trung gian :

* Phi c kch thc ph hp c th xp sp hp lv in y bao b vn chuyn.

* Phi c khi lng (sn phm + bao b) thch hp cc nhn vin thng mi d dng mang vc, xp t

* Nn c khi lng sn phm thch hp khch hngd dng mua trn gi ( ph hp vi ti tin v nhucu tiu dng ca c nhn hoc gia nh) v d dngvn chuyn bng cc phng tin c nhn.


- i vi bao b vn chuyn

* Phi c kch thc v bn c hc ph hp vicc phng tin vnchuyn (cng t n, t vn ti, tu)

* Phi c khi lng c bthch hp vi vic bcd (bng con ngihoc bng thit b)

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng sn xut

* Bao b phi c bn c hc ph hp vi tnh nng ca cc loi my mc thit b trn dy chuyn.

* Phi c kh nng chu c tc ng ca cc yu t cng ngh nh :

- p sut

- Nhit

- m

- S n mn .v.v.

Khi trn dy chuyn c cc yu t ny

6THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng mi trng

Sau khi s dng thc phm, baob thng b thi ra v lm nhim mi trng. gimthiu tc ng xu n mitrng sng, phi la chnbao b sao cho tho mn ti acc iu kin sau y :

- C kh nng ti s dng hocs dng vo nhng mc chkhc m khng b thi ra mitrng

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng mi trng

- C kh nng ti ch tc l sau khi thi ra n c thdng lm nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng nghipkhc.

- C kh nng t phn hu bi tc ng ca mitrng t nhin, khi phn gii khng hnh thnh cccht c lm nhim mi trng

- C kh nng x l bng cc gii php cng nghtrong cc c s x l rc.

THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng vn ho

Thc phm thng c sn xut ti ch da trn vickhai thc ngun nng sn c sn ca a phng.

Mi ngun nng sn c c trng bi kh hu, t ai,tp qun canh tc, ging cy trng v vt nui, v thsn phm thc phm thng c nhng nt c oring v vn ho bn a

Do bao b thng c to dng, trang tr theo truynthng vn ho ca mi vng v mi dn tc.

7THC PHAM VA BAO BChc nng vn ho

Thng tin trn nhn hng cng c trnh by bng ngn ngca dn tc, v vy bao b thc phm thng mang nhng ntvn ha c trng cho mi doanh nghip, cho mi vng hoccho mi quc gia nhm gii thiu vi ngi tiu dng trongnc v quc t nhng nt c o ca sn phm m mnhlm ra. Chc nng vn ho mang li cho sn phm thc phmnhng c trng ring v trong nhiu trng hp n to nncho sn phm kh nng thng tin v maketing c o.

THC PHAM VA BAO B

Mot vai yeu to can chu y khi la chon bao b mi San pham se tang them c bao nhieu thi gian bao

quan vi loai bao b mi.? Chat lng san pham nh the nao trong bao b mi ? Li ch cua bao b mi trong viec lu tr cung nh van

chuyen san pham ? Kha nang xam nhap th trng mi cua loai bao b mi Kha nang canh tranh vi cac san pham cung loai tren

th trng?

THC PHAM VA BAO B

Gia thanh san pham se thay oi nh the nao ? Phng thc au t thiet b phuc vu cho viec tien hanh

a bao b mi vao trong qua trnh san xuat, gia thanh ra sao?

Co can phai ao tao mi lc lng lao ong khong? Neu co th chi ph nh the nao?

Viec kiem tra loai bao b mi nay oi hoi phai trang b them cac dung cu nao.

Co can them lc lng bao tr hay khong?

8CHNG 2:

NHAN CUA BAO B

NHAN CUA BAO B

Nhan hay nhan hieu cua bao b cha c phan nh ro nen co the dung tng ng nhau

Nhan hieu bao b la ni: Trnh bay cac thong tin chi tiet ve thc pham Trnh bay thng hieu cua cong ty

Nhan phu cua bao b: La ni ghi cac thong tin chnh theo qui nh mot cach

ngan gon

NHAN CUA BAO B

La phan phu tr giai thch cho nhan hieu cua san pham ngoai nhap.

Nhan phu thng c gang len bao b san pham vi kch thc nho hoac e ri

9NHAN CUA BAO BPhan bat buoc

1.Ten san pham Ten SP phai the hien ban chat xac thc cua SP o, ten

goi phai cu the, khong tru tng S dung ten goi a c xac nh cho 1 TP cu the trong TCVN

hoac van ban phap qui nha nc Neu cha qui nh, s dung ten goi cua thc pham a c xac

nh trong tieu chuan Codex hoac ISO Co the s dung ten thong dung kem theo thuat ng mieu ta

thch hp ve 1 ac iem hay tnh chat cua thc pham e khong gay nham lan cho ngi tieu dung

NHAN CUA BAO BPhan bat buoc

VD: Sa ti nguyen kem co ng hoac sa ti nguyen kem khong ng. Sa tiet trung co ng

Ch viet ten hang hoa co chieu cao khong nho hn 2mm Thuat ng c ghi ben canh ten goi TP la nhng t ng hoac

nhom ch nham xac nhan ve ban chat xac thc va tnh trang vat ly cua TP bao gom

Moi trng bao goi, kieu va ieu kien x ly TP Hoac ac iem nguon nguyen lieu Hoac ac iem ni thu hoach nguyen lieu

oi vi san pham la mot loai phu gia thc pham th can thiet ghi nhom, ten goi va he thong ma so quoc te.


2. Liet ke thanh phan cau tao Phai liet ke cac thanh phan cua thc pham tren nhan

khi thc pham c cau tao t 2 thanh phan tr len Khong ghi khi thc pham co 1 thanh phan Thuat ng thanh phan phai c ghi ro vi c ch

ln hn va net ch am hn cac thanh phan co trong TP

Tat ca cac thanh phan liet ke theo th t giam dan (so vi tong khoi lng thc pham tai thi iem san xuat TP)

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Lng nc them vao TP phai c ghi vao thanh phan cau tao, ngoai tr cac dang nc co trong mot thanh phan phc hp nao o

Khong ghi lng nc them vao thc pham nhng a b bay hi trong qua trnh che bien

Phai s dung mot ten goi cu the oi vi tng thanh phan, khong tru tng co the gay nham lan Cac nhom thc pham a qui nh:


Ten nhom c hieu la

Dau cung vi thuat ng thc vat co the xac nh bang thuat ng hydro hoa hoac hydro hoa mot phan

Dau tinh luyen, tr dau oliu

M cung vi thuat ng thc vat hoac ong vat

M tinh luyen tr m ln, m bo

Tinh bot Cac loai tinh bot, tr tinh bot bien tnh bang phng phap hoa hoc

Ca Cac loai ca khi chung la 1 thanh phan cua thc pham khac va viec ghi nhan khong am ch 1 loai ca cu the nao

Tht gia cam Cac loai tht gia cam khi chung la 1 thanh phan cua thc pham khac va viec ghi nhan khong am ch 1 loai gia cam cu the nao


Phomat Cac loai phomat khi phomat hoac honhp phomat la 1 thanh phan cuathc pham khac va viec ghi nhankhong am ch 1 loai phomat cu thenao

Gia v hoac hon hp gia v Cac gia v hoac chat tiet ra t gia v,c dung rieng hoac dung ket hpkhong vt qua 2% khoi lng sanpham

Gia v thao moc hoac hon hp gia vthao moc

Cac gia v thao moc khi dung rienghoac dung ket hp khong vt qua2% khoi lng san pham

Gom Cac che pham cua gom c dungtrong san xuat keo cao su

ng Cac loai ng saccharose

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Destroza hoac Glucoza ng destrose khan va ngdestrose ngam 1 phan nc

Muoi casein Cac loai muoi casein

B cacao Cac loai b cacao nen, ep, hoactinh che

Qua tam ng Cac loai qua tam ng khi chungkhong qua 10% khoi lng cuathc pham o


Thanh phan la cac phu gia c ghi tren nhan theo 1 trong 2 cach sau: Ten nhom va ten chat phu gia Ten nhom va ma so quoc te cua chat phu gia, ma so

c at trong ngoac n VD: khi s dung chat phu gia natri polyphosphat th co

the ghi 1 trong 2 cach sau: chat tao nhu: natri polyphosphat chat tao nhu (452i) e ghi ngan gon u tien cach 2


Co the ghi chung la Hng lieu, Chat tao mau, Chat tao ngot oi vi chat phu gia tao hng, tao mau, tao ngot tng ng

oi vi cac chat phu gia trong nhom Tinh bot bien tnh co the ghi ten nhom Tinh bot bien tnh thay cho ten cu the cua cac chat phu gia trong nhom nay

Sau cac t Hng lieu hoac Chat tao mau can ghi them t nhien, nhan tao

oi vi Chat tao ngot(khong phai ng) can ghi ro tong hp hoac nhan tao

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Ghi nhan nh lng cac thanh phan Neu viec ghi nhan TP nham nhan manh vao s hien

dien cua mot hoac nhieu thanh phan ac trng co giatr th phai ghi ty le % thanh phan o theo khoi lngtong tai thi iem sx

Neu viec ghi nhan TP nham nhan manh ac biet hamlng thap cua 1 hoac nhieu thanh phan th ghi t le %thanh phan o theo khoi lng cua no trong thanhpham


Ham lng tnh va khoi lng rao nc Ham lng tnh phai cong bo tren nhan ni de thay

nhat theo qui nh sau: TP sx trong nc: theo n v o lng hp phap cua nc

Viet Nam, theo n v o lng quoc te (SI). Neu dung n v he o lng khac th phai ghi ca so oi sang n v SI

V tr nh lng san pham phai at phan chnh cua nhan. Ch ghi so nh lng theo dong song song vi ay bao b oi vi TP sx trong nc e xuat khau phai ghi n v o

lng quoc te hoac n v o lng Anh, My.


Ham lng tnh phai ghi nh sau: Theo n v the tch oi vi thc pham dang long Theo n v khoi lng oi vi thc pham dang ran Theo n v khoi lng hoac the tch oi vi thc pham dang

set Trng hp thc pham trong bao co nhieu n v cung chung

loai, th so nh lng c ghi ro: tch cua so n v va so khoi lng 1 n v (VD: 20 cai x 10g/cai). Hoac ghi 20 cai 200g

oi vi TP c bao goi dang moi trng chat long cha cac phan ran, phai ghi khoi lng tnh va khoi lng rao nc.

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moi trng chat long co the la nc, dung dch ng, muoi cac hp chat tren co the dung rieng hoac ket hp

a ch ni san xuat: phai ghi ca ten, a ch va so ien thoai cua c s san

xuat va c s ong goi neu 2 c s khac nhau a ch gom: so nha, ng pho, phng (xa), quan

(huyen), thanh pho (tnh) Nc san xuat

nc xuat x cua TP phai c ghi tren nhan theo quinh sau:


TP sx trong nc phai ghi ro san xuat tai Viet Nam TP nhap khau phai ghi ro ten nc sx, ten va a ch cong ty

nhap khau (ghi tren nhan phu bang tieng Viet c gan tren bao b nhap khau)

TP tai che tai mot nc th 2 lam thay oi ban chat cua TP o, nc th 2 c coi la nc xuat x e ghi nhan

Ky hieu ma lo hang:tren kien hang phai ghi ro ma cua cong ty, nha sx lo hang e nhan biet thi iem sx lo hang TP o


So ang ky chat lng oi vi TP sx e tieu dung trong nc nam trong danh

muc san pham phai ang ky chat lng tai s Y te, tren nhan phai ghi ro so ang ky chat lng cua san pham.

Thi han s dung va hng dan bao quan thi han s dung la so ch ngay, thang, nam ma qua

moc thi gian o, hang hoa khong c phep lu thong va khong c s dung

thi han s dung la thi han s dung tot nhat

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thi han phai c ghi ro bang cum t: s dung tot nhat trc hoac ghi han s dung

phai ghi thi han ni de thay hoac ch ro ni ghi thi han tren bao b


phai ghi nhan cac ieu kien bao quan ac biet e duy tr chat lng thc pham neu hieu lc ve han s dung phu thuoc vao viec bao quan

Hng dan s dung phai ghi hng dan s dung oi vi san pham can

hng dan khi s dung ke ca cach Tai tao san pham khi dung

Trng hp nhan hang hoa khong u dien tch th phai ghi cac noi dung o vao 1 tai lieu kem theo hang hoa e cung cap thong tin cho ngi tieu dung


Thc pham chieu xa TP a c x ly bang cac bc xa ion phai ghi ro rang

bang cum t Thc pham qua chieu xa ngay canh ten cua thc pham.

Mot san pham chieu xa c s dung nh 1 thanh phan cua thc pham khac th phai c ghi ro trong bang liet ke cac thanh phan

Neu san pham ch co 1 thanh phan va c che bien t 1 nguyen lieu chieu xa, nhan cua san pham o phai c ghi ro viec x ly nay.

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NHAN CUA BAO BNoi dung ghi nhan khuyen khch

tat ca cac thong tin bo sung co the trnh bay tren nhan nhng khong c mau thuan vi nhng yeu cau bat buoc cua qui che ghi nhan bao b

c phep ghi dau hieu phan hang chat lng san pham tren nhan

NHAN CUA BAO BTrnh bay cac noi dung ghi nhan bat buoc

Yeu cau chung nhan phai c in, dan, ghep mot cach chac chan e

khong b ri khoi bao b nhan phai v tr de thay, ro rang, khong nhoe hoac

khong bay mau, khong tay xoa va de oc oi vi ngitieu dung khi mua sam hoac s dung trong ieu kienbnh thng, khong gay ra s nham lan vi cac nhankhac


khi cac n v bao goi c boc lai th mat ngoai cua lp boc phai mang thong tin can thiet cua nhan, hoac lp vo boc lam bang vat lieu co the oc c cac noi dung ben trong

ten goi va ham lng tnh phai ni de thay tren nhan Ngon ng

vi TP san xuat va tieu dung trong nc, nhan phai c ghi bang tieng Viet

tuy theo trng hp cu the, nhan nen ghi them bang tieng nc ngoai thong dung, nhng kch thc phai nho hn.

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vi TP nhap khau,nhan phai ghibang tieng Viethoac tieng Anh.Trong nhngtrng hp khacphai s dung nhanphu

NHAN CUA BAO BXac nhan cac ac tnh cua TP

Nguyen tac khong c cong bo xac nhan gay nham lan hoac co

kha nang tao ra an tng phong ai oi vi bat ky ac tnh nao cua SP

Nhng c s kinh doanh san xuat TP phai co kha nang chng minh cac xac nhan a c cong bo tren nhan

Nhng ieu khong c cong bo nhng xac nhan ngu y rang mot che o an uong can

oi bang cac TP thong thng khong the cung cap thoa ang toan bo chat dinh dng chu yeu


nhng xac nhan khong the chng minh c nhng xac nhan ve kha nang ngan nga, lam du, ieu

tr benh tat, roi loan chc nang, tr trng hp o la TP chc nang c Bo y te cong nhan, c yeu cau th lam sang trc khi cong nhan va cong bo.

nhng xac nhan co the gay nghi van ve tnh an toan hoac gay moi lo ngai cho ngi tieu dung ve cac TP tng t khac

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Xac nhan co ieu kien: Xac nhan mot thc pham co gia tr dinh dng

ac biet hoac c gia tang dinh dng bangcach bo sung them cac chat dinh dng: s xacnhan nay can phai tuan theo cac qui nh cua cquan co tham quyen (thng la Bo Y te)

Xac nhan 1 thc pham co chat lng ac bietbang cach lam giam hoac loai bo 1 chat dinhdng nao o eu phai da tren viec nghien cuve tnh dinh dng va phai tuan thu qui nh


Cac thuat ng t nhien, tinh khiet khi c sdung eu phai tuan thu 1 cach nghiem ngat cac quinh cu the.

Xac nhan mot thc pham mang tnh ton giao hoac dunge hanh le khi thc pham o phu hp vi nhng yeucau cua c quan co tham quyen ve ton giao

Co the xac nhan e lam noi bat s khong co hoackhong them nhng chat cu the vao thc pham, s xacnhan phai tranh gay hieu lam cho ngi tieu dung vachat c xac nhan phai am bao:


Khong la oi tng thoa man cac yeu cau ac biet qui nhtrong TCVN, Codex hoac cac qui nh khac cua nha nc

Chat ma ngi tieu dung thng cho la co trong thc pham o La chat khong c phep thay the bang cac chat khac tao ra

nhng tnh chat tng ng cua thc pham o La chat c cho phep co hoac c them vao trong thc

pham

Nhng xac nhan lam noi bat s khong co hoac khongthem mot hoac nhieu chat dinh dng phai tuan thutheo s cong bo bat buoc ve chat dinh dng.

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Ghi nhan oi vi thc pham dung cho che o an kieng Ten cua thc pham:

Dung cac thuat ng che o an uong ac biet, che o an kieng ac biet hoac an kieng e lien ket vi ten goi von co cua thc pham o

ac trng an kieng thng c ghi ngay canh ten cua thc pham o

VD: CHAO AN KIENG(Khong cha acid beo bao hoa)


Xac nhan ac tnh an kieng: neu thc pham khong bbien oi nhng co the phu hp cho mot che o ankieng nhat nh: th khong ghi dung cho che o an kieng ac biet hay bat ky

mot xac nhan tng ng nao tuy nhien cung co the ghi thc pham nay cha X (X la ac

trng phan biet chu yeu) sao cho viec ghi nhan khong co shieu lam


Ghi nhan gia tr dinh dng trong thc pham cong bo chat dinh dng

liet ke cac chat dinh dng cac noi dung bat buoc cong bo

gia tr nang lng lng protein, cacbonhydrat de tieu (nh ng, bot, khong

ke x thc pham) va chat beo lng cac chat dinh dng khac

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Nu xac nhan theo so lng va loai cacbonhydrat can liet kelng ng tong so, lng tinh bot va cac dang cacbonhydratkhac

Neu tien hanh xac nhan theo so lng va cac dang axit beo thcong bo so lng cac axit beo no va cac axit beo bac cao chabao hoa

Can liet ke lng vitamin va chat khoang Mot san pham cu the tuan theo cac yeu cau ghi nhan trong

mot tieu chuan nha nc th co the cong bo chat dinh dngtheo tieu chuan o nhng khong c mau thuan vi nhngnoi dung qui nh va neu tren


Tnh toan cac chat dinh dng tnh gia tr nang lng

cacbonhydrat (ng, bot) 17kj/g (4 kcal/g) protein 17kj/g (4 kcal/g) chat beo 37kj/g (9 kcal/g) con 29 kj/g (7 kcal/g) axit hu c 13 kj/g (3 kcal/g)

tnh ham lng protein P = N x 6.25


Trnh bay ham lng chat dinh dng ham lng chat dinh dng can lng hoa khi cong bo gia tr nang lng can c tnh theo kcal hoac kj tren

100g hoac 100ml hay cho moi bao goi neu bao goi o chcha 1 loai thc pham

ham lng cacbonhydrat, protein, chat beo tnh bangg/100g hoac g/100ml hay tren moi bao goi neu bao goi och cha mot thanh phan thc pham

ham lng vitamin va chat khoang tnh theo n v olng hp phap cua nc CHXHCNVN hoac tnh theo %cua RDA (Reference Recommended Daily Allowance)tren 100g hay 100ml hay cho 1 bao goi neu bao goi o chcha mot thanh phan TP

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Ham lng cacbonhydrat de tieu hoa phai c ghi nhan la cacbonhydrat. Neu cong bo cac loai cacbonhydrat cu the can ghi ten cua chung ngay sau ham lng cacbonhydrat tong so

VD: cacbonhydrat .g, trong o X.g Ham lng va loai axit beo can c ghi ngay sau chat beo

tong so.

Sai lech va s phu hp gia tr dinh dng phai la cac gia tr trung bnh cua cac ket qua

phan tch tren cac san pham ai dien cho cac san pham c ghi nhan


Thong tin bo sung ve chatdinh dng la mot trong nhng noi dung

khuyen khch ghi, khong batbuoc nham giup giai thchviec ghi nhan cac chat dinhdng tren bao b, e ngitieu dung nhan biet

co the dung mau sac, hnhanh e the hien thong tin nay

NHAN CUA BAO BNhng qui nh ve dien tch phan nhan chnh

kch thc ch va so ghi nh lng hang hoa c qui nh nh sau:

Dien tch phan chnh cua nhan (PDP) (cm2)

Chieu cao nho nhat cua ch va so (mm)

32 1.6T 32 en 258 2.3T 258 en 645 6.4

T 645 en 2580 9.5> 2580 12.7

21

NHAN CUA BAO BThiet ke nhan

Mot so gi y ve cach thiet ke nhan danh cho nhng nha san xuat nho Ngi mua chu yeu la ngi nao? Luat le ve nhan cua th trng o ra sao ? a co ai ang ky oc quyen ten loai san pham cua mnh cha ? Nhng thong tin g muon a len nhan ? Nhng tin tc g muon gi en ngi tieu dung? Cac loai mau muon a len nhan ? Lay hnh ve nao lam bieu

tng cho san pham? Nen tham khao nhan cua cac san pham cung loai.

NHAN CUA BAO BThiet ke nhan

Mot nhan at tieu chuan can tranh cac iem sau: khong e hnh ve trang tr qua ln, ieu nay se khien

cho nhan khong c ro rang Can phai lam noi bat ten thng hieu. Mau s dung sao cho thu hut c ngi tieu dung Bieu tng tren nhan phai gan gui vi loai san pham

cha trong no.

CHNG 3:

MA SO MA VACH

22

MA SO MA VACH1. Lch s phat trien

MSMV c phat minh vao nam 1949 tai My Nam 1960 tieu bang Sylvania a ap dung MSMV vao

viec kiem soat cac toa xe la Nam 1970 uy ban TP My a ng dung MSMV au tien

vao viec mua ban, phan phoi, kiem tra hang hoa TP, a may scanner va may thu tien ket hp

Nam 1973 hiep hoi cong nghiep TP My thong nhat thanh lap hiep hoi UCC (Uniform Code Council), pho bien ap dung MSMV UPC, cho en nay ma UPC c s dung chu yeu My va Canada


Nam 1974, 12 nc chau Au a cung nhau nghien cuhe thong MSMV tieu chuan va thong nhat chung chauAu. He thong MSMV cua chau Au goi la EAN(European Article numbering) c thiet lap tren c scua MSMV UPC

Thang 12 nam 1977 to chc EAN chnh thc thanh lapva at tru s tai B

Muc ch cua EAN la phat trien MSMV tieu chuantoan cau va a nganh e phan nh SP, dch vu, aiem nham cung cap ngon ng chung cho thng maiquoc te


en nam 1992, to chc EAN tr thanh EAN Quoc te Hien nay EAN Quoc te co thanh vien la cac to cha

EAN quoc gia, co nhiem vu ho tr va thong tin ay u ve MSMV cua EAN en cac cong ty

Cac loai MSMV tieu chuan ang ap dung hien nay: EAN (EAN- 8, EAN - 13) ITF 14 UCC/EAN-28

23

MA SO MA VACH2. Hieu qua EAN quoc te va ng dung

Mau dch: nhap kho va kiem ke tnh tien va ghi hoa n nhanh chong cho khach hang

San xuat hang hoa tai cac x nghiep nhap va quan ly nguyen lieu quan ly san pham tai quy trnh san xuat quan ly san pham xuat nhap kho quan ly nhan s

MA SO MA VACH2. Hieu qua EAN quoc te va ng dung

Nganh y dc san xuat thuoc va dc lieu quan ly ho s benh nhan trong benh vien

Bu ien Hang khong Th vien

MA SO MA VACH3. To chc EAN VN va ap dung MSMV VN

EAN VN la to chc MSMV vat pham quoc gia cua VN c thanh lap thang 3/1995 va c cong nhan la thanh vien cua EAN Quoc te vao thang 5/1995, c giao nhiem vu quan ly va phat trien MSMV VN: hng dan cap MSMV xay dng va ban hanh bo TCVN ve MSMV cho VN ao tao va chuan b cac d an ap dung cong nghe MSMV tham gia cac hoat ong cua EAN quoc te

e quan ly mat hang doanh nghiep phai he thong tat ca cac san pham cua mnh

24

MA SO MA VACH4. ac iem cua MSMV

MSMV vat pham la loai ky ma e phan nh vat pham Qua MSMV va he thong may tnh co the biet c ac

tnh, khoi lng cua hang hoa Ma so la 1 day so t nhien t 0 9 c sap xep co qui

luat. Ma vach gom cac vach sang, toi co o rong khac nhau

bieu th con so cua ma e may scanner oc Tren the gii khong co s trung lap MSMV gia cac

loai hang hoa

MA SO MA VACH4. ac iem cua MSMV

MSMV c in tren nhan hieu v tr goc ben phai va canh ay cua nhan hieu bao b

MSMV c ghi tren bao b hang hoa khong nham e ngi tieu dung oc ma cho he thong may scanner oc va may tnh ghi nhan vao bo nh e x ly

Mot chung loai hang hoa ch can khac nhau ve mot ac tnh th co MSMV khac nhau

MA SO MA VACH5. Cu to MS EAN - 13

Ma so EAN-13 la 1 day so gom 13 ch so nguyen (t so 0 en so 9), trong day so chia lam 4 nhom, moi nhom co y ngha nh sau: Nhom 1: T trai sang phai, 2 hoc 3 ch so au la ma so

ve quoc gia (vung lanh tho) Nhom 2: Tiep theo gom 4, 5 hoc 6 ch so la ma doanh

nghiep. Nhom 3: Tiep theo 5, 4 hay 3 ch so la ma so ve hang

hoa ty thuc m doanh nghip. Nhom 4: So cuoi cung (ben phai) la so kiem tra

25


m bo thng nhat va tnh n nhat cua ma so th: ma quoc gia do to cha EAN quoc te cap ma doanh nghiep (ma M) do to chc EAN quoc gia cap ma mat hang (ma I) do nha san xuat qui nh so kiem tra C la con so c tnh da vao 12 so trc o

T nam 1995 en 3/1998 EAN-VN cap ma M gom 4 so, t 3/1998 EAN VN cap ma M gom 5 so

Hien nay ma EAN 13 cua cac doanh nghiep VN co 2 dang nh sau:


Cach tnh so kiem tra C nh sau:

Ma quoc gia Ma M Ma I So C

893 5002 30101 0

Ma quoc gia Ma M Ma I So C

893 46020 0107 8


V du: Ma so 8 9 3 3 4 8 1 0 0 1 0 6 - C: Cong tong gia tr cua cac so th t le bat au c tnh t

phai sang trai cua day MS (tr so C), ta co : 6 + 1 + 0 + 8 + 3 +9 = 27 (1)

Nhan tong cua (1) vi 3, ta co: 27 x 3 = 81 (2) Cong tong gia tr cua cac so th t chan con lai, ta co :

0 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 8 = 16 (3) Cong gia tr (2) vi (3), ta co : 81 + 16 = 97 (4) lay so tron chuc gan nhat, ln hn hoac bang ket qua bc 4

tr i ket qua bc 4 ta c C: 100 - 97 = 3. Nh vay C = 3

26


EAN-8 gom 8 ch so nguyen, c chia lam 3 nhom: Ma so quoc gia: Gom 3 ch

so au tien (ben trai) Ma so hang hoa: Gom 4 ch

so tiep theo. Ma so kiem tra: Gom 1 ch

so ng cuoi cung. Nhan dang so C cung c tnh t 7 so ng trc no va cach tnh cung tng t nh EAN-13.

MA SO MA VACH7. Cu to MV EAN

Ma vach la mot nhom cac vach va khoang trong songsong at xen ke dung e the hien ma so di dang mayquet co the oc c .

Trong ma vach EAN, moi con so eu the hien 2 vach va 2 khoang trong, moi vach hay khoang trang co chieu rong t 1 4 moun, moi moun co chieu rong tieu chuan la 0.33mm

Ma vach EAN la loai ma vach s dung rieng e the hien ma so EAN. Ma vach EAN co nhng tnh chat sau ay:

MA SO MA VACH7. Cu to MV EAN

Ch the hien cac con so (t 0 en 9) vi chieu dai co nh (13 hoac 8 con so)

La ma a chieu rong, tc la moi vach (hay khoang trong) co the co chieu rong t 1 en 4 moun

Ma vach EAN co cau tao nh sau Ke t ben trai, khu vc e trong khong ghi ky hieu nao ca, ky hieu bat au,

ky hieu day so ben trai, ky hieu phan cach, ky hieu day so ben phai, kyhieu ket thuc, sau o la khoang trong ben phai.

EAN-13 tieu chuan co chieu dai 37,29 mm va chieu cao la 25,93mm Ma vach EAN-8 co cau tao tng t nhng ch co chieu dai tieu chuan la

26,73mm va chieu cao 21,31mm

27

MA SO MA VACH8. Cu to MSMV EAN - 14

Ma EAN -13 cua n v tieu thu c dung lam c se lap thanh ma n v gi i (EAN -14).

Ngi ta them vao ma nay 1 ch so mi (VL) taothanh ma mi co dang tieu chuan gom: 1 ch so VL gom 3 loai: 0; 18; va 9 12 ch so au cua EAN 13 1 ch so C, tnh tng t EAN 13

So VL: t 1 8 oi vi loai hang hoa co nhieu n v gi i

MA SO MA VACH8. Cu to MSMV EAN - 14

so VL la so 0 oi vi trng hp hang hoa ch co 1 n v gi i, va n v gi i nay co the ban le quay hang

dung so VL la 9 trong cac trng hp sau: kien hang co cha nhieu loai hang hoa khac nhau hang hoa trong thung se c phan chia, bao goi lai

thanh nhng n v ban le mi

Cau tao cua EAN 14 nh sau:EAN - 13 So VL 12 so cua EAN - 13 So kiem tra

EAN - 8 So VL 5 so 0 + 7 so cua EAN - 8 So kiem tra

CHNG 4:

VAT LIEU LAM BAO B

28

Vt liu lm bao b thc phmNhng yu cu chung v vt liu lm bao b thc phm

- Vt liu lm BBTP phi ph hp vi tng loi thc phm

- Gi tr ca BBTP phi tng ng vi gi tr ca thcphm cn cha ng.

- Vt liu cng d gia cng cng tt c th ch tc baob bn cnh x nghip ch bin thc phm.

- VLBB khng lm thay i tnh cht ho hc, l hc vc bit l tnh cht cm quan ca thc phm .

- VLBB phi khng gy nhim c cho thc phm.

Thu tinh l vt liu c s dngkh ph bin trong CNTP

- Thc phm lng : Ru, bia,nc gii kht khng cn, sa.v.v. bao b thu tinh chim hn50% th phn boa b thc phmlng

- hp : rau, hoa qu,...- Cc loi gia v ...Bao b thu tinh c gia cng di

dng chai, l, hp

Thuy tinh

Thuy tinh

u iem Khong b hoa chat an mon Co hnh dang co nh, chu c ap suat nen ben

trong. Co the s dung lai e quay vong bao b. Khong lam that thoat gas, hng va nc. Co the bao ve san pham chong lai mot phan tac

ong cua anh sang Ngan chan s xam nhap cua sau bo va cac vi sinh

vat vao san pham

29

Thuy tinh

Co the dung phng phapthanh trung nhiet o cao

Vi cac loai chai khong mau,co the thay SP ben trong

Co thi gian s dung dai. Co o vng chac kha cao nen

co tac dung bao ve san phamkhong b nhng anh hng vatly tac ong en.

Khong gay o nhiem moitrng

Thuy tinh

Nhc iem: De b v, b nt khi nhiet o thay oi

ot ngot. De b v, b nt khi b va cham. Nhng manh v co the gay hai en

ngi nhan cong san xuat. Cung cothe b lan vao trong thc pham

Co trong lng ln gay nen kho khantrong viec van chuyen.

Thuy tinh

Tien x ly bao b trc khi chiet Kiem tra cac vet nt, v. Kiem tra cac vet banLam sach bang nc va cac hoa chat tay

raKiem tra lai.

30

Thuy tinh

Cac loai nap

Vng mien (crown ) : luon coliner. Ch su dung c mot lan.

Rach kha (push on) : Nut van va nut van co niem

phong: thng dung cho cac sanpham co gia tr

Nut ban:Thng dung trong sanxuat ru.

Tnh cht cua bao b thuy tinh:

o ben c o ben

nhiet Tnh chat

quang hoc o ben

hoa hoc

Thuy tinh

Thuy tinh o ben c

Nhng chai lo mien rong, thng khong co co chai:loai chai nay thng dung ng TP dang paste, hoachon hp ran long, khong chu tac ong ln cua lc choc khi chiet rot

Loai chia dung chiet rot chat long, co hoac khong cogas, thng chu tac ong cua: Lc theo phng thang ng tac ong len ay chai trong qua

trnh chiet rot va ong nut chai Lc theo phng ngang do cac kh tac ong vao chai, lc nay

cang ln hn khi thanh trung

31

Thuy tinh

o ben nhiet: Khi rot dung dch nong (hoac lanh)th se co hien tng

dan n (co), se xuat hien lc tac dung len thanh chai

Do o chai ng TP co ap lc kh can thiet ke sao cho chu c lc do nhiet va c tao nen, thng c cau tao than tru thang, ay tron, co va tha chai khong c giam nhanh chenh lech ng knh

Thuy tinh Tnh chat quang hoc: the hien kha nang hap thu va phan xa

anh sang:

Trang thai mau Chat tao mauKhon mau, khong cho tia UV truyen quaXanh da triMau o ta, xanh lam, oXanh la cayNau

Vang nauVangCamoen

CeO2, TiO2, Fe2O3Co3O4, Cu2O + CuOMn2O3, NiOCr2O3, Fe2O3 + Cr2O3 + CuO, V2O3MnO, MnO + Fe2O3, TiO2 + Fe2O3, MnO + CeO2Na2SCdS, CeO2 + TiO2CdS + SeCdS + Se, Au, Cu, UO3, Sb2S3Co3O4 (+ Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Cr dang oxyt)

Thuy tinh

Thuy tinh co cha honhp oxyt kim loai nhCo, Ni, Cr, Fe eu cothe tang s hap thu anhsang kha kien, tia tngoai, hong ngoai.

Rieng oxyt Fe tao mauxanh la cay cho thuytinh co kha nang hapthu tia cc tm va hongngoai.

32

Thuy tinh

o ben hoa hoc Moi trng nc va axit: co the hoa tan cac ion kim

loai kiem hoac kiem tho Moi trng kiem: moi trng nay co the hoa tan c

cac oxyt Si

Bao b bang kim loai

u iem: Co hnh dang co nh, co kha nang chu c ap suat

nen ben trong. Chu c s thay oi ot ngot cua nhiet o Co the dung phng phap thanh trung nhiet o cao

(121oC) Co trong lng va phai khong qua nang. Khong b be, nt khi b va ap.

Bao b bang kim loai

Bao ve san pham khong b nhng anh hng vat ly tac ong en.

Khong gay o nhiem moi trng. Khong lam that thoat gas, hng va nc. Co the bao ve san pham chong lai mot phan tac ong

cua anh sang Ngan chan s xam nhap cua sau bo va cac vi sinh vat

vao san pham

33

Bao b bang kim loai

Nhc iem: De b hoa chat an mon, chnh v vay ch cha c

nhng san pham co o acid thap. Khong thay c san pham ben trong Gia thanh thiet b cho day chuyen san xuat bao b cung

nh day chuyen ong goi san pham vao bao b kha cao

Bao b bang kim loai Hien nay s dung 2 loai kim loai chu yeu lam bao b: sat

(thep) va nhom

Thep:

San xuat thep cuon

Tnh chat cua thep

Bao b bang kim loai e lam tang o ben cua thep ngi

ta thng phu len be mat thep cacvat lieu khac nh crom hoac thiec

34

Bao b bang kim loai

ac iem ky thuat cua thep ma:

Bao b bang kim loai

Nhom

San xuat nhom la dang cuonCac loai nhom

dy ca l nhm(micron)

S l trn 1 m2

9 260

12 230

15 210

20 170

25 0

Nh vy khi l nhm c dy trn 25 micron xuyn thm ca n bng khng

Bao b bang kim loaiNhom

35

Bao b bang kim loai Phan loai theo cong nghe che tao lon:

Lon 3 manh Lon 2 manh

San xuat lon 3 manh

Bao b bang kim loai

San xuat lon 2 manh

Bao b bang kim loai

36

Bao b bang kim loai An mon kim loai

Bao b bang kim loai Mot so loai vecni

Bao b bang kim loai

Mot so loai vecni

37

xenlulo

Bao bBao b lm t vt liu xenlulo gi tt l bao blm t vt liu xenlulo gi tt l bao b giy (BBG)giy (BBG)

xenlulo

c im

BBG c s dng rt a dng v phong ph trong nhiu ngnh CNTP

xenlulo

C th phn chia vt liu xenlulo thnh 2 dng chnh l giy v cc tng. Giy ch yu dng lm mng bao gi cn cc tng ch yu dng lm cc hp hoc thng cha ng cc sn phm thc phm to nn cc n v hng ho (n v tiu dng, n v phn phi v n v vn chuyn)

38

xenlulo

c im cac tong

xenluloc im cac tong

u nhc im ca BBG

u im+ S dng a dng+ R tin, d thch ng c vi nhiu sn phm thc phm+ D in n to nn s a dng, phong ph v hp dn cho sn

phm+ Bao b bng cc tng ngy cng thng dng do c nhiu u

im nh : nh, bn, d trang tr, chng c va chm c hc nn bo v c sn phm nht l cc sn phm c bao b bng thu tinh, kim loi, d ch to cng nghip hng lot, tiu chun ho

+ C kh nng ti ch v ti s dng

xenlulo

39

u nhc im ca BBG

Nhc im

+ Kh nng chng xuyn thm km

+ Khng chu c mi trng m, khi b m bn c hc gim i nhanh chng

xenlulo

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