Basic Harmonic

( 50 Hz)

( Linear Load) R ,L, C

(Non - Linear Load) ON - OFF SCR , IGBT

Total Harmonic Current Distortion :THDI

converter 6-pHarmonic PU Value Harmonic PU Value 1 1.00 5 0.192 29 0.014 7 0.132 31 0.012 11 0.073 35 0.011 13 0.057 37 0.010 17 0.035 41 0.009 19 0.027 43 0.008 23 0.020 47 0.008 25 0.016 49 0.007

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionSingle Phase supply80%(high 3rd)Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionSemiconverter87%(high 2nd, 3rd,4th)

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconvertersmoothingno series inductance80%

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconverter,capacitivesmoothingwith series inductance>3%or DC Drive40%

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion6 Pluseconverterwith largeinductorfor currentsmooting28%

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current Distortion12 Pluseconverter

15%

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionAC VoltageRegulator

Varies withFiring angle(51%)

Non-Liner Load

Type of Load Typical Wave form Current DistortionFluorescentLighting

17%

Non-Liner Load

Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion :THDV

Displacement Power Factor : DPF

Power Factor : PF

DPF PF

Characteristic Converter

6P 12P 5 11 7 13 11 23 13 25 17 35

Point of Common Coupling : PCC

Harmonic flow

Source of Harmonic Electronic equipment Power electronic Arcing devices Saturable devices overexcited

Electronic equipment Electronic Ballast

IEC 1000 - 3 - 2 THDi < 34.8 %

Electronic Ballast

Electronic equipment

Switching Mode Power Supply : SMPS

Switching Mode Power Supply : SMPS

Power electronic - Power Rectifier- Static Power Converter

Adjustable Speed Drive :ASD

Arcing devices Induction FurnaceArc Welding / Spot Welding Arc Furnace

(Arc Furnace)

Arc Furnace - Scrap-Metal Arc Furnace - Ladle Arc Furnace

Harmonic Scrap-Metal Ladle Order Arc Furnace Arc Furnace 2 5.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 3 20.0 pu. 10.0 pu. 4 3.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 5 10.0 pu. 10.0 pu. 6 1.5 pu. 1.5 pu. 7 6.0 pu. 6.0 pu. 8 1.0 pu. 1.0 pu. 9 3.0 pu. 3.0 pu. 11 2.0 pu. 2.0 pu. 13 1.0 pu. 1.0 pu.

Saturation devices overexcited Transformer Induction motor generator

Transformer No Load

Transformer magnetization(with out hysteresis)Magnetization curveFlux and Magnetization current wave form

Transformer magnetization(including hysteresis)

(B) B (B x A)

EX TR= 1000 kVA, ZT =6.25, Cap= 300kVAR

KVAr

700 kVAr

500 kVAr

Base Line

0 kVAr

250 kVAr

150 kVAr

13TH

11TH

7TH

5TH

x

Std. IEC 1000-3-6

Equivalent circuit

Chart2

11.13210.757.810.7

2826.5525.5226.25

161136.5267.2894.59

56.1759.8746.2753.63

27.612826.327.5

18.91918.519

14.6814.814.514.7

12.0912.181212.1

10.3410.3810.2710.35

R = 0 W , L = 0 W

R = 0 W , L = 1 MW

R = 1 MW , L = 0 W

R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW

%Z/MVA

%Z/MVA

Sheet1

Load R =0.05MW

ZT =27.7653027159Load L =0.1MW

Xsub =0.0333h =5h * Xsub=0.1665Z1 =0.1665i

R22 =1.757h =5R22 =1.757Z2 =1.757

X22 =0.006826h =5h * X22=0.03413Z3 =3.413E-002i

RT=0.125h =5RT=0.125Z4=0.125

XT=3h =5h * XT=15Z5 =15i

Rp=2000h =5Rp=2000Z6 =2000

Xc=166.666h =5Xc/h=-33.3332Z7 =-33.3332i

Xm=1000h=5Xm*h=5000Z8=5000i

Z1+Z2 =1.757+0.1665i

Z3+Z4 =0.125+3.413E-002i

Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4 =1.882+0.20063i

ZT1=Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4+Z5 =1.882+15.20063i

ZT2 = ZT1//Z6 = ZT1*Z6/(ZT1+Z6)1.99542811009962+15.1711880298673i

ZT1*Z6 =3764+30401.26i

ZT1+Z6 =2001.882+15.20063i

ZT3 =ZT2//Z7 = ZT2*Z7/(ZT2+Z7)6.64127087910324+27.1144004886715i

ZT2 *Z7 =505.704244837173-66.5140042795726i

ZT2 + Z7=1.99542811009962-18.1620119701327i

ZT4 =ZT3//Z8 = ZT3*Z8/(ZT3+Z8)6.5698114857732+26.9768347280651i

ZT3 *Z8=-135572.002443357+33206.3543955162i

ZT3 + Z8=6.64127087910324+5027.11440048867i

Sheet2

Order35791113151719

R = 0 W , L = 0 W11.1322816156.1727.6118.914.6812.0910.34

R = 0 W , L = 1 MW10.7526.55136.5259.87281914.812.1810.38

R = 1 MW , L = 0 W7.825.5267.2846.2726.318.514.51210.27

R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW10.726.2594.5953.6327.51914.712.110.35

Sheet2

R = 0 W , L = 0 W

R = 0 W , L = 1 MW

R = 1 MW , L = 0 W

R = 0.5 MW,L = 0.5 MW

%Z/MVA

%Z/MVA

Sheet3

Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992Maximum Operating Voltage 110% of Rated rms VoltageMaximum Peak Voltage 120% of Rated Peak VoltageTotal rms Current 180 % of Rated rms CurrentTotal kVAR 135% of Rated kVAR

3 Harmonic Order 3 (Zero Sequence) 3 4 Single phase electronic load SMPS

Harmonic Relationship to Symmetrical Component

Harmonic Number

Sequence Component

Phase A

Phase B

Phase C

1

Positive

IA (0

IB (120

IC (240

3

Zero

I3A (0

I3B (0

I3C (0

5

Negative

I5A (0

I5B (240

I5C (120

7

Positive

I7A (0

I7B (120

I7C (240

9

Zero

I9A (0

I9B (0

I9C (0

11

Negative

I11A (0

I11B (240

I11C (120

13

Positive

I13A (0

I13B (120

I13C (240

15

Zero

I15A (0

I15B (0

I15C (0

17

Negative

I17A (0

I17B (240

I17C (120

The third harmonic for Single phase electronic loadtypically in the rang 60-90 % of the fundamental (P519A/D5Guide for Applying Harmonic Limits on Power System) Calculation

IEEE Std.C57.110-1986

Load loss (PLL) = I2R + PEC (Stay Loss)

PEC : eddy current loss

PEC-R :. eddy current loss factor

N = 1 N = 1.5 RH RL = 2 / 9 RH RL = 2 / 3

Tr 2000 kVA ,11kV/400V 75 C 15750 W 2890 W RH = 1.083 RL = 0.000845 Tr DY11 RMS 2000A

Sol IH-R = 150 A, IL-R = 2887 A 2000 A IH = 72.7 A, IL-R = 2000 ARH =1.24 , RL = 0.000563 PEC-R=15750 - 1.5 (1502 x 0.24 +28872+0.000563)= 4742 W

= 4742 x 6.123 = 29034 W

= 29034 + 1.5(72.72 x 0.24 +20002 x 0.000561)= 34314 W

PEC-R :Eddy Current Loss Factor 150 VA - 225 KVA Pec-r 5 - 10 %

UL 1561(Underwriter Laboratorier) K K-factor

6-P Transformer Dry type 1000 kVA , 400 V, PEC-R=0.08

Harmonic number

Frequency

Current Ih (pu.)

Ih2

Ih2. h2

1

50

1.000

1.000

1.000

3

150

0.016

0.000

0.002

5

250

0.261

0.068

1.703

7

350

0.050

0.003

0.123

9

270

0.003

0.000

0.001

11

550

0.089

0.008

0.958

13

650

0.031

0.001

0.162

15

750

0.020

0.000

0.090

17

850

0.048

0.002

0.666

19

950

0.026

0.001

0.244

21

1050

0.001

0.000

0.000

23

1150

0.003

0.000

0.005

25

1250

0.021

0.000

0.276

Totals :

1.084

5.230

K-Factor Transformer derating

Misoperation of equipment Circuit Breaker Fuses Protective Relay Meter

Circuit Breaker (Trip Point)

Fuse (Skin effect) -

Protective Relay - Electromagnetic RMS

Protective Relay () - Digital (Crest Voltage) Sampling Zero Crossing 20 %

Meter 50 Hz

- IEC-1000-3-6 , P519A/D5Stage1Stage2 IEC-1000-3-6 Wi = 2.5 P519A/D5 Wi = 1

Harmonic Assessment EX . 400/230 V , = 10 MVA 6 Pulse Converter with large inductor for current smoothing 12 kW 8 kW

Stage1

Stage2 Type of Load Typical Wave form Weight Factor6 Pluseconverterwith largeinductorfor currentsmooting

0.8

Harmonic Assessment IEEE 141-1993 MVASC ; Short-circuit capacity MVAH ; Power rating for load harmonic

%THDv = 5, Converter 6-P SCR < 45 %THDv = 5, Converter 12-P SCR < 29

Chart1

11.24715622387.31291453

10.22468747626.6481041182

9.37263018656.0940954417

8.65165863375.6253188692

8.0336830175.2235103786

7.49810414924.8752763533

7.02947263994.5705715813

6.61597424934.3017144294

6.24842012434.0627302944

5.91955590733.8489023842

5.62357811193.656457265

5.3557886783.4823402524

5.11234373813.3240520591

4.89006792343.1795280565

4.68631509333.0470477208

4.49886248952.925165812

4.32582931692.8126594346

4.16561341622.708486863

4.01684150852.6117551893

3.87832973242.5216946655

3.74905207462.4376381767

6-P

12-P

SCR

%THD

Sheet1

con 6-pI1I5I7I11I13I17I19I23I25I29I31I35I37I41I43I47I49Con 6-P

%pu.10.1920.1320.0730.0570.0350.0270.020.0160.0140.0120.0110.010.0090.0080.0080.00722kV, 0.5 MVA

Order571113171923252931353741434749IL = 13.122A

MVAsc%Vh% V5% V7% V11% V13% V17% V19% V23% V25% V29% V31% V35% V37% V41% V43% V47% V49SCR%THDv

148.00006604846.200063571240.150055246437.050050980829.75004093625.650035294423.00003164820.0000275220.300027932818.600025593619.25002648818.50002545618.450025387217.200023667218.800025868817.15002359842112.4715622383

224.00003302423.100031785620.075027623218.525025490414.87502046812.825017647211.50001582410.0000137610.15001396649.30001279689.6250132449.2500127289.22501269368.60001183369.40001293448.5750117992456.2357811191

316.00002201615.400021190413.383351748812.35001699369.9166803128.55001176487.6666772166.666675846.76667597766.20000853126.4166754966.1666751526.15000846245.73334122246.26667528965.7166745328637.4905207461

412.00001651211.550015892810.03751381169.26251274527.4375102346.41250882365.7500079125.000006885.07500698324.65000639844.8125066224.6250063644.61250634684.30000591684.70000646724.2875058996828.1178905596

59.60001320969.24001271428.03001104937.41001019625.95000818725.13000705894.60000632964.0000055044.06000558663.72000511873.85000529763.70000509123.69000507743.44000473343.76000517383.43000471971022.4943124477

68.0000110087.70001059526.69167587446.17500849684.9583401564.27500588243.8333386083.333337923.38333798883.10000426563.2083377483.0833375763.07500423122.86667061123.13333764482.85833726641218.745260373

76.85715229266.60000908165.73572217815.29286442584.2500058483.66429075633.28571880692.85714678862.90000399042.65714651342.7500037842.64286077942.63571791252.45714623822.68571798132.45000337121416.067366034

86.0000082565.77500794645.01875690584.63125637263.7187551173.20625441182.8750039562.500003442.53750349162.32500319922.4062533112.3125031822.30625317342.15000295842.35000323362.14375294981614.0589452798

95.3333406725.13334039684.46111724964.11667233123.3055601042.85000392162.5555590722.222225282.25555865922.06666951042.1388918322.0555583842.05000282081.91111374082.08889176321.90555817761812.4968402487

104.80000660484.62000635714.01500552463.70500509812.97500409362.56500352942.30000316482.0000027522.03000279331.86000255941.92500264881.85000254561.84500253871.72000236671.88000258691.71500235982011.2471562238

114.3636423684.20000577923.65000502243.36818645282.7045491762.33182139042.0909119681.818184321.84545708481.69091141761.7500024081.6818204961.67727503521.56363851521.70909326081.55909305442210.2246874762

124.0000055043.85000529763.34583793723.08750424842.4791700782.13750294121.9166693041.666668961.69166899441.55000213281.6041688741.5416687881.53750211561.43333530561.56666882241.4291686332249.3726301865

133.69231277293.55385104393.08846578822.85000392162.28846468741.9730796381.76923320371.53846365541.56154061021.43077119951.48077126831.42307888121.41923272211.32307874361.44615583611.3192325845268.6516586337

143.42857614633.30000454082.8678610892.64643221292.1250029241.83214537821.64285940341.42857339431.45000199521.32857325671.3750018921.32143038971.31785895621.22857311911.34285899061.2250016856288.033683017

153.20000440323.08000423812.67667034982.47000339871.98333606241.7100023531.53333544321.3333351681.35333519551.24000170621.28333509921.23333503041.23000169251.14666824451.25333505791.1433349066307.4981041492

163.0000041282.88750397322.50937845292.31562818631.85937755851.60312720591.4375019781.250001721.26875174581.16250159961.20312665551.1562515911.15312658671.07500147921.17500161681.0718764749327.0294726399

172.82353329692.71765079832.36176795572.17941476361.7500024081.50882560561.35294303811.17647220711.19411929021.09411915261.13235449931.08823679151.0852956111.01176609811.10588387461.0088249176346.6159742493

182.6666703362.56667019842.23055862482.05833616561.6527800521.42500196081.2777795361.111112641.12777932961.03333475521.0694459161.0277791921.02500141040.95555687041.04444588160.9527790888366.2484201243

192.52631926572.43158229322.11316080241.95000268321.56579162821.35000185761.21052798151.05263302741.06842252280.97894871551.01315928880.97368555030.97105396770.90526440350.98947504570.902632821385.9195559073

202.40000330242.31000317862.00750276231.8525025491.48750204681.28250176471.15000158241.0000013761.01500139660.93000127970.96250132440.92500127280.92250126940.86000118340.94000129340.8575011799405.6235781119

212.28571743092.20000302721.91190739271.76428814191.4166686161.22143025211.09523960230.95238226290.96666799680.88571550450.9166679280.88095359310.87857263750.81904874610.89523932710.8166677904425.355788678

222.1818211842.10000288961.82500251121.68409322641.3522745881.16591069521.0454559840.909092160.92272854240.84545570880.8750012040.8409102480.83863751760.78181925760.85454663040.7795465272445.1123437381

232.08695939342.00869841611.74565457591.61087178181.29348004071.11521892581.0000013760.86956641390.88260991010.80869676490.83695767340.80434893290.80217501680.7478271160.81739242910.7456531999464.8900679234

242.0000027521.92500264881.67291896861.54375212421.2395850391.06875147060.9583346520.833334480.84583449720.77500106640.8020844370.7708343940.76875105780.71666765280.78333441120.7145843166484.6863150933

251.92000264191.84800254281.60600220991.48200203921.19000163741.02600141180.92000126590.80000110080.81200111730.74400102370.77000105950.74000101820.73800101550.68800094670.75200103480.6860009439504.4988624895

261.84615638651.7769255221.54423289411.42500196081.14423234370.9865398190.88461660180.76923182770.78077030510.71538559980.74038563420.71153944060.7096163610.66153937180.7230779180.6596162922524.3258293169

271.7777802241.71111346561.48703908321.37222411041.1018533680.95000130720.8518530240.740741760.75185288640.68888983680.7129639440.6851861280.68333427360.63703791360.69629725440.6351860592544.1656134162

281.71428807311.65000227041.43393054451.32321610651.0625014620.91607268910.82142970170.71428669710.72500099760.66428662830.6875009460.66071519490.65892947810.61428655950.67142949530.6125008428564.0168415085

291.65517469131.59310564041.38448466371.27758796491.02586348060.88448397570.79310453960.68965612140.70000096320.64138019290.66379401680.63793191230.6362077720.59310426440.64827675410.5913801241583.8783297324

301.60000220161.5400021191.33833517491.23500169940.99166803120.85500117650.76666772160.6666675840.67666759780.62000085310.64166754960.61666751520.61500084620.57333412220.6266675290.5716674533603.7490520746

311.54838922741.49032463131.29516307251.19516293490.95967873990.82742049340.74193650480.64516217810.65483961070.60000082560.62096859640.59677501470.59516210930.55483947310.60645244740.5532265677623.6281149109

321.5000020641.44375198661.25468922651.15781409320.92968877930.80156360290.7187509890.625000860.63437587290.58125079980.60156332770.57812579550.57656329340.53750073960.58750080840.5359382375643.5147363199

331.4545474561.40000192641.21666834081.12272881760.9015163920.77727379680.6969706560.606061440.61515236160.56363713920.5833341360.5606068320.55909167840.52121283840.56969775360.5196976848663.4082291587

341.41176664851.35882539921.18088397781.08970738180.8750012040.75441280280.67647151910.58823610350.59705964510.54705957630.56617724960.54411839580.54264780550.5058830490.55294193730.5044124588683.3079871247

351.37143045851.32000181631.14714443561.05857288520.85000116960.73285815130.65714376140.57142935770.58000079810.53142930270.55000075680.52857215590.52714358250.49142924760.53714359630.4900006742703.2134732068

361.3333351681.28333509921.11527931241.02916808280.8263900260.71250098040.6388897680.555556320.56388966480.51666737760.5347229580.5138895960.51250070520.47777843520.52222294080.4763895444723.1242100622

371.29729908241.24865036681.08513662831.00135272920.80405516040.69324419710.6216224770.54054128430.54864940360.50270339440.52027098620.5000006880.49864933480.46486550450.50810880730.4635141513743.0397719524

381.26315963281.21579114661.05658040120.97500134160.78289581410.67500092880.60526399070.52631651370.53421126140.48947435770.50657964440.48684277520.48552698390.45263220180.49473752290.4513164105762.9597779536

391.23077092431.18461701461.02948859610.95000130720.76282156250.65769321270.58974440120.51282121850.52051353670.47692373320.49359042280.47435962710.4730775740.44102624790.48205194540.4397441948782.8838862112

401.20000165121.15500158931.00375138120.92625127450.74375102340.64125088240.57500079120.5000006880.50750069830.46500063980.48125066220.46250063640.46125063470.43000059170.47000064670.42875059802.811789056

411.17073331821.12683081880.97926964020.903659780.72561075450.62561061690.56097638170.48780554930.49512263250.45365916080.46951284120.45122013310.45000061920.41951277240.45853721630.4182932585822.7432088351

421.14285871541.10000151360.95595369630.8821440710.7083343080.61071512610.54761980110.47619113140.48333399840.44285775220.4583339640.44047679660.43928631870.4095243730.44761966350.4083338952842.677894339

431.11628060581.07442008310.9337222150.86162909260.69186141710.59651244870.53488445690.46511691910.47209367290.43255873470.44767503460.43023315010.42907035780.40000055040.43720990390.3988377581862.6156177265

441.0909105921.05000144480.91250125560.84204661320.6761372940.58295534760.5227279920.454546080.46136427120.42272785440.4375006020.4204551240.41931875880.39090962880.42727331520.3897732636882.5561718691

451.06666813441.02666807940.89222344990.82333446620.66111202080.57000078430.51111181440.4444450560.45111173180.41333390210.42777836640.41111167680.41000056420.38222274820.41777835260.3811116355902.4993680497

461.04347969671.00434920810.8728272880.80543589090.64674002030.55760946290.5000006880.4347832070.44130495510.40434838250.41847883670.40217446640.40108750840.3739135580.40869621450.3728266922.4450339617

471.0212780010.9829800760.85425649460.7882989570.63297959440.54574543180.48936237550.42553250040.43191548790.39574522540.40957503170.39361756290.39255373160.36595795040.40000055040.3648941191942.3930119625

481.0000013760.96250132440.83645948430.77187606210.61979251950.53437573530.4791673260.416667240.42291724860.38750053320.40104221850.3854171970.38437552890.35833382640.39166720560.3572921583962.3431575466

490.97959318470.94285844020.81938888260.75612348940.60714369260.5234701080.4693884010.40816382690.41428628430.37959235910.39285768340.37755153990.37653113040.35102089120.38367399730.3500004816982.2953380049

500.9600013210.92400127140.80300110490.74100101960.59500081870.51300070590.4600006330.40000055040.40600055870.37200051190.38500052980.37000050910.36900050770.34400047330.37600051740.3430004721002.2494312448

con 12-pI1I5I7I11I13I17I19I23I25I29I31I35I37I41I43I47I49Con 12-P

%pu.10.01920.01320.0730.0570.00350.00270.020.0160.00140.00120.0110.010.00090.00080.0080.00722kV, 0.5 MVA

Order571113171923252931353741434749IL = 13.122A

MVAsc%Vh% V5% V7% V11% V13% V17% V19% V23% V25% V29% V31% V35% V37% V41% V43% V47% V49SCR%THDv

14.80000660484.620006357140.150055246437.05005098082.97500409362.565003529423.00003164820.000027522.03000279331.860002559419.25002648818.5000254561.84500253871.720002366718.800025868817.1500235984273.1291453

22.40000330242.310003178620.075027623218.52502549041.48750204681.282501764711.50001582410.000013761.01500139660.93000127979.6250132449.2500127280.92250126940.86000118349.40001293448.5750117992436.56457265

31.60000220161.54000211913.383351748812.35001699360.99166803120.85500117657.6666772166.666675840.67666759780.62000085316.4166754966.1666751520.61500084620.57333412226.26667528965.7166745328624.3763817667

41.20000165121.155001589310.03751381169.26251274520.74375102340.64125088245.7500079125.000006880.50750069830.46500063984.8125066224.6250063640.46125063470.43000059174.70000646724.2875058996818.282286325

50.9600013210.92400127148.03001104937.41001019620.59500081870.51300070594.60000632964.0000055040.40600055870.37200051193.85000529763.70000509120.36900050770.34400047333.76000517383.43000471971014.62582906

60.80000110080.77000105956.69167587446.17500849680.49583401560.42750058823.8333386083.333337920.33833379890.31000042663.2083377483.0833375760.30750042310.28666706113.13333764482.85833726641212.1881908833

70.68571522930.66000090825.73572217815.29286442580.42500058480.36642907563.28571880692.85714678860.2900003990.26571465132.7500037842.64286077940.26357179120.24571462382.68571798132.45000337121410.4470207571

80.60000082560.57750079465.01875690584.63125637260.37187551170.32062544122.8750039562.500003440.25375034920.23250031992.4062533112.3125031820.23062531730.21500029582.35000323362.1437529498169.1411431625

90.53333406720.51333403974.46111724964.11667233120.33055601040.28500039222.5555590722.222225280.22555586590.2066669512.1388918322.0555583840.20500028210.19111137412.08889176321.9055581776188.1254605889

100.48000066050.46200063574.01500552463.70500509810.29750040940.25650035292.30000316482.0000027520.20300027930.18600025591.92500264881.85000254560.18450025390.17200023671.88000258691.7150023598207.31291453

110.43636423680.42000057793.65000502243.36818645280.27045491760.2331821392.0909119681.818184320.18454570850.16909114181.7500024081.6818204960.16772750350.15636385151.70909326081.5590930544226.6481041182

120.40000055040.38500052983.34583793723.08750424840.24791700780.21375029411.9166693041.666668960.16916689940.15500021331.6041688741.5416687880.15375021160.14333353061.56666882241.4291686332246.0940954417

130.36923127730.35538510443.08846578822.85000392160.22884646870.19730796381.76923320371.53846365540.1561540610.143077121.48077126831.42307888120.14192327220.13230787441.44615583611.3192325845265.6253188692

140.34285761460.33000045412.8678610892.64643221290.21250029240.18321453781.64285940341.42857339430.14500019950.13285732571.3750018921.32143038970.13178589560.12285731191.34285899061.2250016856285.2235103786

150.32000044030.30800042382.67667034982.47000339870.19833360620.17100023531.53333544321.3333351680.13533351960.12400017061.28333509921.23333503040.12300016920.11466682441.25333505791.1433349066304.8752763533

160.30000041280.28875039732.50937845292.31562818630.18593775580.16031272061.4375019781.250001720.12687517460.116250161.20312665551.1562515910.11531265870.10750014791.17500161681.0718764749324.5705715813

170.28235332970.27176507982.36176795572.17941476360.17500024080.15088256061.35294303811.17647220710.1194119290.10941191531.13235449931.08823679150.10852956110.10117660981.10588387461.0088249176344.3017144294

180.26666703360.25666701982.23055862482.05833616560.16527800520.14250019611.2777795361.111112640.1127779330.10333347551.0694459161.0277791920.1025001410.0955556871.04444588160.9527790888364.0627302944

190.25263192660.24315822932.11316080241.95000268320.15657916280.13500018581.21052798151.05263302740.10684225230.09789487151.01315928880.97368555030.09710539680.09052644040.98947504570.902632821383.8489023842

200.24000033020.23100031792.00750276231.8525025490.14875020470.12825017651.15000158241.0000013760.10150013970.0930001280.96250132440.92500127280.09225012690.08600011830.94000129340.8575011799403.656457265

210.22857174310.22000030271.91190739271.76428814190.14166686160.12214302521.09523960230.95238226290.09666679970.08857155040.9166679280.88095359310.08785726370.08190487460.89523932710.8166677904423.4823402524

220.21818211840.2100002891.82500251121.68409322640.13522745880.11659106951.0454559840.909092160.09227285420.08454557090.8750012040.8409102480.08386375180.07818192580.85454663040.7795465272443.3240520591

230.20869593930.20086984161.74565457591.61087178180.12934800410.11152189261.0000013760.86956641390.0882609910.08086967650.83695767340.80434893290.08021750170.07478271160.81739242910.7456531999463.1795280565

240.20000027520.19250026491.67291896861.54375212420.12395850390.10687514710.9583346520.833334480.08458344970.07750010660.8020844370.7708343940.07687510580.07166676530.78333441120.7145843166483.0470477208

250.19200026420.18480025431.60600220991.48200203920.11900016370.10260014120.92000126590.80000110080.08120011170.07440010240.77000105950.74000101820.07380010150.06880009470.75200103480.6860009439502.925165812

260.18461563860.17769255221.54423289411.42500196080.11442323440.09865398190.88461660180.76923182770.07807703050.071538560.74038563420.71153944060.07096163610.06615393720.7230779180.6596162922522.8126594346

270.17777802240.17111134661.48703908321.37222411040.11018533680.09500013070.8518530240.740741760.07518528860.06888898370.7129639440.6851861280.06833342740.06370379140.69629725440.6351860592542.708486863

280.17142880730.1650002271.43393054451.32321610650.10625014620.09160726890.82142970170.71428669710.07250009980.06642866280.6875009460.66071519490.06589294780.0614286560.67142949530.6125008428562.6117551893

290.16551746910.1593105641.38448466371.27758796490.10258634810.08844839760.79310453960.68965612140.07000009630.06413801930.66379401680.63793191230.06362077720.05931042640.64827675410.5913801241582.5216946655

300.16000022020.15400021191.33833517491.23500169940.09916680310.08550011760.76666772160.6666675840.06766675980.06200008530.64166754960.61666751520.06150008460.05733341220.6266675290.5716674533602.4376381767

310.15483892270.14903246311.29516307251.19516293490.0959678740.08274204930.74193650480.64516217810.06548396110.06000008260.62096859640.59677501470.05951621090.05548394730.60645244740.5532265677622.3590046871

320.15000020640.14437519871.25468922651.15781409320.09296887790.08015636030.7187509890.625000860.06343758730.058125080.60156332770.57812579550.05765632930.0537500740.58750080840.5359382375642.2852857906

330.14545474560.14000019261.21666834081.12272881760.09015163920.07772737970.6969706560.606061440.06151523620.05636371390.5833341360.5606068320.05590916780.05212128380.56969775360.5196976848662.2160347061

340.14117666480.13588253991.18088397781.08970738180.08750012040.07544128030.67647151910.58823610350.05970596450.05470595760.56617724960.54411839580.05426478060.05058830490.55294193730.5044124588682.1508572147

350.13714304590.13200018161.14714443561.05857288520.0850001170.07328581510.65714376140.57142935770.05800007980.05314293030.55000075680.52857215590.05271435820.04914292480.53714359630.4900006742702.0894041514

360.13333351680.12833350991.11527931241.02916808280.08263900260.0712500980.6388897680.555556320.05638896650.05166673780.5347229580.5138895960.05125007050.04777784350.52222294080.4763895444722.0313651472

370.12972990820.12486503671.08513662831.00135272920.0804055160.06932441970.6216224770.54054128430.05486494040.05027033940.52027098620.5000006880.04986493350.04648655050.50810880730.4635141513741.9764633865

380.12631596330.12157911471.05658040120.97500134160.07828958140.06750009290.60526399070.52631651370.05342112610.04894743580.50657964440.48684277520.04855269840.04526322020.49473752290.4513164105761.9244511921

390.12307709240.11846170151.02948859610.95000130720.07628215620.06576932130.58974440120.51282121850.05205135370.04769237330.49359042280.47435962710.04730775740.04410262480.48205194540.4397441948781.8751062897

400.12000016510.11550015891.00375138120.92625127450.07437510230.06412508820.57500079120.5000006880.05075006980.0465000640.48125066220.46250063640.04612506350.04300005920.47000064670.42875059801.8282286325

410.11707333180.11268308190.97926964020.903659780.07256107550.06256106170.56097638170.48780554930.04951226330.04536591610.46951284120.45122013310.04500006190.04195127720.45853721630.4182932585821.7836376902

420.11428587150.11000015140.95595369630.8821440710.07083343080.06107151260.54761980110.47619113140.04833339980.04428577520.4583339640.44047679660.04392863190.04095243730.44761966350.4083338952841.7411701262

430.11162806060.10744200830.9337222150.86162909260.06918614170.05965124490.53488445690.46511691910.04720936730.04325587350.44767503460.43023315010.04290703580.0400000550.43720990390.3988377581861.7006777977

440.10909105920.10500014450.91250125560.84204661320.06761372940.05829553480.5227279920.454546080.04613642710.04227278540.4375006020.4204551240.04193187590.03909096290.42727331520.3897732636881.6620260295

450.10666681340.10266680790.89222344990.82333446620.06611120210.05700007840.51111181440.4444450560.04511117320.04133339020.42777836640.41111167680.04100005640.03822227480.41777835260.3811116355901.6250921178

460.10434796970.10043492080.8728272880.80543589090.0646740020.05576094630.5000006880.4347832070.04413049550.04043483820.41847883670.40217446640.04010875080.03739135580.40869621450.3728266921.5897640283

470.10212780010.09829800760.85425649460.7882989570.06329795940.05457454320.48936237550.42553250040.04319154880.03957452250.40957503170.39361756290.03925537320.0365957950.40000055040.3648941191941.5559392617

480.10000013760.09625013240.83645948430.77187606210.0619792520.05343757350.4791673260.416667240.04229172490.03875005330.40104221850.3854171970.03843755290.03583338260.39166720560.3572921583961.5235238604

490.09795931850.0942858440.81938888260.75612348940.06071436930.05234701080.4693884010.40816382690.04142862840.03795923590.39285768340.37755153990.0376531130.03510208910.38367399730.3500004816981.4924315367

500.09600013210.09240012710.80300110490.74100101960.05950008190.05130007060.4600006330.40000055040.04060005590.03720005120.38500052980.37000050910.03690005080.03440004730.37600051740.3430004721001.462582906

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

SCR

%THDv

Sheet2

6-P12-P

2011.24715622387.31291453

2210.22468747626.6481041182

249.37263018656.0940954417

268.65165863375.6253188692

288.0336830175.2235103786

307.49810414924.8752763533

327.02947263994.5705715813

346.61597424934.3017144294

366.24842012434.0627302944

385.91955590733.8489023842

405.62357811193.656457265

425.3557886783.4823402524

445.11234373813.3240520591

464.89006792343.1795280565

484.68631509333.0470477208

504.49886248952.925165812

524.32582931692.8126594346

544.16561341622.708486863

564.01684150852.6117551893

583.87832973242.5216946655

603.74905207462.4376381767

Sheet2

6-P

12-P

SCR

%THD

Sheet3

Harmonic AssessmentSingle line System Rated capacitor & Harmonic

Equivalent Circuit

Calculation Rated capacitor

Maximum Operating Voltage 110% of Rated rms VoltageMaximum Peak Voltage 120% of Rated Peak VoltageTotal rms Current 180% of Rated rms CurrentTotal kVAR135% of Rated kVAR

Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992

Calculation Rated capacitor 100 KVARMaximum Operating Voltage 100.9% (110%)Maximum Peak Voltage 119.1% (120%) Total rms Voltage 201% (180%) Total kVAR 124% (135 %)

h

VC pu.

IC pu.

kVARC pu.

1

1.00

1.00

1.00

5

0.011

0.053

0.001

7

0.013

0.088

0.001

11

0.037

0.408

0.015

13

0.030

1.69

0.22

Calculation Rated capacitor 200 KVARMaximum Operating Voltage 100.1% (110%)Maximum Peak Voltage 106% (120%) Total rms Current 103.6% (180%) Total kVAR 100.9% (135 %)

h

VC pu.

IC pu.

kVARC pu.

1

1.00

1.00

1.00

5

0.013

0.065

0.001

7

0.023

0.160

0.004

11

0.017

0.184

0.003

13

0.007

0.094

0.001

(ZT=5-6%)

Assessment Harmonic Resonance

IEC 1000-4-7General guide on harmonic end interharmonics measurement and instrumentation, For power supply systems and equipment connected thereto

Power Quality Analyzer Dranetz 658

Reliable Power Recorder (RPM)

Fluke 413 Power Harmonic Analyzer

105.bin

- - CT PT -

Zero Sequencedelta transformer connection

wye transformer connection

CT PT - PT 3 KHz Accuracy 3 % 5 kHz CVT CVT

- CVT CVT - CT 5 KHz Accuracy 3 % 10 kHz

PRC-PQG-1998

24

10

7

10

Snapshots

Time Trends

Probability histogram

Case1Problem Generator System

1. 3 2. 3

PRC-PQG-01-1998

*

PRC-PQG-01-1998 Power system Reliability Committee : PRC

Power Quality working Group : PQG

Engineering Recommendation G.5/3 September 1976 The Electricity Council Chief Engineer Conference Limits for Harmonics in The United Kingdom Electricity Supply System

*

3 1 - 1 - 3

*

1

- 5 kVA- IEC -1000-3-2

*

3

(PCC)

(kV)

Converter

3 phase

AC. Regulator

3 phase

3-

Pulse

(kVA)

6- Pulse

(kVA)

12- Pulse

(kVA)

6-

Thyristor

(kVA)

3-

Thyristor /

Diode (kVA)

0.400

8

12

-

14

10

11 and 12

85

130

250

150

100

2 (A) (PCC)

*

Voltage at

PCC (kV)

MVAsc

Base

Harmonic current distortion limits (Ih )(A rms)

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

0.400

10

48

34

22

56

11

40

9

8

7

19

6

16

5

5

5

6

4

6

11 and 12

100

13

8

6

10

4

8

3

3

3

7

2

6

2

2

2

2

1

1

22 , 24 and 33

500

11

7

5

9

4

6

3

2

2

6

2

5

2

1

1

2

1

1

69

500

8.8

5.9

4.3

7.3

3.3

4.9

2.3

1.6

1.6

4.9

1.6

4.3

1.6

1

1

1.6

1

1

115 and above

1,000

5

4

3

4

2

3

1

1

1

3

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

MVAsc MVAsc Base

1 22 kV MVAsc = 250 MVA (PCC) 5

2 22 kV MVAsc = 750 MVA (PCC) 5

3 (%THDV)

*

Voltage at PCC

(kV)

Total Voltage Distortion

THDV(%)

Individual Harmonic

Voltage Distortion (%)

odd

even

0.400

5

4

2

11 , 12 , 22 and 24

4

3

1.75

33

3

2

1

69

2.45

1.63

0.82

115 and above

1.5

1

0.5

. 4

1. 1 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 500 kVA 2. 2 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 600 kVA 3. 3 22 kV (PPC) 200 MVA Converter 6-P 750 kVA 4. 4 400 V (PPC) 4.3 MVA Converter 6-P 100 kVA

*

1

1 ,2 3 22 kV 2 4 400 V Converter 6-P kVA 1 2

*

2

2.1.2

*

1 1

5

7

11

13

17

19

2

(A)

9

6

6

5

2

1

(A)

3.6

2.4

2.4

2

0.8

0.4

(A)

2.52

1.73

0.96

0.75

0.46

0.35

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0.24

0.23

0.2

0.18

0.15

0.13

3 %THDv

%THDv

4

0.56

_973919261.unknown

_973919263.unknown

_973919264.unknown

_973919260.unknown

2 2

5

7

11

13

17

19

2

(A)

9

6

6

5

2

1

(A)

3.6

2.4

2.4

2

0.8

0.4

(A)

3.02

2.07

1.15

0.9

0.55

0.42

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0.29

0.27

0.24

0.22

0.18

0.15

3 %THDv

%THDv

4

0.67

_973919267.unknown

_973919268.unknown

_973919269.unknown

_973919266.unknown

3 3

5

7

11

13

17

19

2

(A)

9

6

6

5

2

1

(A)

3.6

2.4

2.4

2

0.8

0.4

(A)

3.78

2.6

1.43

1.12

0.69

0.53

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0.36

0.35

0.3

0.28

0.22

0.20

3 %THDv

%THDv

4

0.84

_973919272.unknown

_973919274.unknown

_973919276.unknown

_973919271.unknown

4 4

5

7

11

13

17

19

2

(A)

56

40

19

13

6

6

(A)

24.08

17.2

8.17

5.59

2.58

2.58

(A)

27.71

19.05

10.53

8.22

5.05

3.9

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2.23

21.5

1.86

1.72

1.38

1.19

3 %THDv

%THDv

5

5.23

_973919284.unknown

_973919285.unknown

_973919286.unknown

_973919283.unknown

4 2 .

1.

2. 1 2.1.3

3. 2 3

4. 2 3

Evaluate of Solution to Harmonic ProblemsUse AC or DC ReactorUse Multiple-pulsing Use Passive Harmonic FilterUse Active Harmonic Filter

Use AC or DC Reactor

Use AC or DC ReactorReactance of Choke Inductor

Converter 50 kVA,380V use 3%XL

Effect of input choke on ASD current distortion

Multiple - pulsing12-P6 -P6 -P

ASD

ASD

480 Volt Bus

Multiple - pulsing24 -P12 -P12 -P

ASD

ASD

480 Volt Bus

Phase shift for multi-pulsingPhase shift (Deg.) Pulses Deg. 12 30 24 15

Multiple - pulsing

Passive Harmonic Filter

Detune Filter- Mitigation Harmonic Resonance

- Reduce Harmonic current 10-30%

Detune Filter

Detune Filter hr % reactor2.5 16.03.0 11.13.5 8.163.779 7.004.082 6.005 4.00

Tune FilterEliminate Harmonic current 70-90%

Tune Filter 150 Hz

Basic Tune Filter Design- Harmonic Current-Reactive Filter-Limitation-Voltage and Current Capacitor-Interaction System

Tolerance

Component

Prescribed Tolerance

Expected Tolerance

Ref. Standard

Capacitor

0% to 15% of rated farads

0% to 5%

IEEE 518

Reactor

-3% to 7% of rated henrys

-3% to 3%

ANSI C57.16

Resistor

-10% to 10% of rated ohms

-5% to 5%

ANSI RS-229

Harmonic Filter Design

Sheet1


InputOutput

h5I(rated)759.694

kvar(rated)500Kvar(actual)500

V(rated)380I(actual)759.6937

V(Actual)380Xc0.2888

KVA(HL)500c10142.3664

KVA(T)1500Hr4.7

ZT(%)6XL0.0131

Vh(%)1L0.0383

Ih(%)30IFL(actual)795.7152

IFL(rated)795.7152

KVAR(Fil)523.7079

Ih227.9081

Ih(ut)68.5191

Ih296.4272

IF(rms)849.1359

Vhc29.6547

Vfc398.0180

Vc(rms)399.1212

Vcp427.6727

Icp1092.1424Limit

Vcp(%)112.5120

Ic(%)111.8180

KAVRc(%)117.4135

Vc,rms(%)105.0110

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1


InputOutput

h5I(rated)759.694




KVA(HL)500c10142.3664

KVA(T)1500Hr4.7

ZT(%)6XL0.0131

Vh(%)1L0.0383


IFL(rated)795.7152

KVAR(Fil)523.7079

Ih227.9081

Ih(ut)68.5191

Ih296.4272

IF(rms)849.1359

Vhc29.6547

Vfc398.0180

Vc(rms)399.1212

Vcp427.6727

Icp1092.1424Limit

Vcp(%)112.5120

Ic(%)111.8180

KAVRc(%)117.4135

Vc,rms(%)105.0110

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1


InputOutput

h5I(rated)759.694




KVA(HL)500c10142.3664

KVA(T)1500Hr4.7

ZT(%)6XL0.0131

Vh(%)1L0.0383


IFL(rated)795.7152

KVAR(Fil)523.7079

Ih227.9081

Ih(ut)68.5191

Ih296.4272

IF(rms)849.1359

Vhc29.6547

Vfc398.0180

Vc(rms)399.1212

Vcp427.6727

Icp1092.1424Limit

Vcp(%)112.5120

Ic(%)111.8180

KAVRc(%)117.4135

Vc,rms(%)105.0110

Sheet2

Sheet3

Rated Capacitor IEEE Std.18-1992

Sheet1


InputOutput

h5I(rated)759.694




KVA(HL)500c10142.3664

KVA(T)1500Hr4.7

ZT(%)6XL0.0131

Vh(%)1L0.0383


IFL(rated)795.7152

KVAR(Fil)523.7079

Ih227.9081

Ih(ut)68.5191

Ih296.4272

IF(rms)849.1359

Vhc29.6547

Vfc398.0180

Vc(rms)399.1212

Vcp427.6727

Icp1092.1424Limit

Vcp(%)112.5120

Ic(%)111.8180

KAVRc(%)117.4135

Vc,rms(%)105.0110

Sheet2

Sheet3

Interaction System

Active Harmonic Filter

- 590-5574- 590-5576- 590-5577 Fax 590-5810 e-mail [email protected]

Tel 590- 5577 Fax 590-5810 E-mail [email protected] [email protected]

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Documents

Basic Harmonic