Bayan v. Ermita - 3

8/12/2019 Bayan v. Ermita - 3

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EN BANCBAYAN, KARAPATAN,KILUSANG MAGBUBUKIDNG PILIPINAS (KMP),GABRIELA, Fr. Jose Dizon,

Renao !onsanino, Jr., Fro"e#Yaneza, an$ Fa%i&a Ta'ar,

Peiioners,

- ers*s G.R. No. +-/

EDUARD0 ERMITA, in %is1a2a1i" as E3e1*ie Se1rear",Mani#a !i" Ma"or LIT0

ATIEN4A, !%ie5 o5 %e P%i#i22ineNaiona# Po#i1e, Gen. ARTUR0

M. L0MIBA0, N!RP0 !%ie5Ma'. Gen. 6IDAL 7UER0L,an$ 8esern Po#i1e Disri1 !%ie5Gen. PEDR0 BULA0NG,

Res2on$ens.3 3JESS DEL PRAD0, 8ILS0NF0RTALE4A, LE0DY DE GU4MAN,PEDR0 PINLA!, !ARMELITAM0RANTE, RASTI DELI40, PAUL

BANGAY, MARIE J0 0!AMP0,LILIA DELA !RU4, !RISTETARAM0S, ADELAIDA RAM0S,MARY GRA!E G0N4ALES, MI!9AELT0RRES, REND0 SABUSAP,PRE!I0US BALUTE, R0:ANNEMAGB00, ERNIE BAUTISTA,J0SEP9 DE JESUS, MARGARITAES!0BER, DJ0ANNALYN JANIER,MAGDALENA SELL0TE, MANNY7UIA40N, ERI!S0N DI40N,NENITA !RU4AT, LE0NARD0

DE L0S REYES, PEDRIT0FADRIG0N,

Peiioners,

ers*s G.R. No. +-;

EDUARD0 ERMITA, in %is Presen


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o55i1ia# 1a2a1i" as T%e E3e1*ieSe1rear" an$ in %is 2ersona# PANGANIBAN, C.J.,1a2a1i", ANGEL0 REYES, in %is PUN0,=

o55i1ia# 1a2a1i" as Se1rear" o5 7UISUMBING,%e Inerior an$ Lo1a# Goern&ens, YNARESSANTIAG0,

ARTUR0 L0MIBA0, in %is SAND06ALGUTIERRE4,

o55i1ia# 1a2a1i" as %e !%ie5, !ARPI0,P%i#i22ine Naiona# Po#i1e, 6IDAL AUSTRIAMARTINE4,7UER0L, in %is o55i1ia# 1a2a1i" !0R0NA,as %e !%ie5, Naiona# !a2ia# !ARPI0 M0RALES,Re>iona# Po#i1e 055i1e (N!RP0), !ALLEJ0, SR.,PEDR0 BULA0NG, in %is o55i1ia# A4!UNA,1a2a1i" as %e !%ie5, Mani#a TINGA,Po#i1e Disri1 (MPD) AND ALL !9I!0NA4ARI0,==0T9ER PUBLI! 0FFI!ERS GAR!IA, an$

AND PRI6ATE INDI6IDUALS 6ELAS!0, JJ.A!TING UNDER T9EIR !0NTR0L,SUPER6ISI0N AND INSTRU!TI0NS, Pro&*#>ae$ro*2, Kilusang ayo Uno !KU", et al., 2eiioners in G.R. No.

+-+,/C/ a##e>e %a %e" 1on$*1 2ea1e5*# &ass a1ions an$ %a %eir ri>%s as

or>anizaions an$ %ose o5 %eir in$ii$*a# &e&ers as 1iizens, s2e1i5i1a##" %e ri>% o

2ea1e5*# asse", are a55e1e$ " Baas Pa&ansa No. an$ %e 2o#i1" o5

!a#irae$ Pree&2ie Res2onseH (!PR) ein> 5o##oe$ o i&2#e&en i.

KU, et al., 1#ai& %a on 01oer ;, ?@, a ra##" KMU 1os2onsore$ as o e

1on$*1e$ a %e Men$io#a ri$>e * 2o#i1e #o1e$ %e& a#on> !.M. Re1o an$

Le2ano Srees an$ 5or1i#" $is2erse$ %e&, 1a*sin> in'*ries o seera# o5 %eir

&e&ers. T%e" 5*r%er a##e>e %a on 01oer , ?@, a &*#ise1ora# ra##" %i1% KMUa#so 1os2onsore$ as s1%e$*#e$ o 2ro1ee$ a#on> Es2aa Aen*e in 5ron o5 %e

Uniersi" o5 Sano To&as an$ >oin> oar$s Men$io#a ri$>e. Po#i1e o55i1ers #o1e$

%e& a#on> Mora"a Sree an$ 2reene$ %e& 5ro& 2ro1ee$in> 5*r%er. T%e" ere

1

2

3


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%en 5or1i#" $is2erse$, 1a*sin> in'*ries on one o5 %e&.;C; T%ree o%er ra##"iss ere

arrese$.

A## 2eiioners assai# Baas Pa&ansa No. , so&e o5 %e& in totoan$ o%ers

on#" Se1ions ;, @, , +?, +/(a), an$ +;(a), as e## as %e 2o#i1" o5 !PR. T%e" see o

so2 io#en $is2ersa#s o5 ra##ies *n$er %e no 2er&i, no ra##"H 2o#i1" an$ %e !PR 2o#i1"

re1en#" anno*n1e$.

B.P. No. , T%e P*#i1 Asse" A1 o5 +-@,H 2roi$es.

AN A!T ENSURING T9E FREE E:ER!ISE BY T9E PE0PLE 0F

T9EIR RIG9T PEA!EABLY T0 ASSEMBLE AND PETITI0NT9E G06ERNMENT CAND F0R 0T9ER PURP0SES

Be it enacted by the Batasang Pambansa in session assembled:

SE!TI0N +. Title. T%is A1 s%a## e non as T%e P*#i1Asse" A1 o5 [email protected]

SE!. ?. Declaration of policy. T%e 1onsi*iona# ri>% o5 %e2eo2#e 2ea1ea#" o assee an$ 2eiion %e >oern&en 5or re$ress o5>riean1es is essenia# an$ ia# o %e sren>% an$ sai#i" o5 %e Sae.To %is en$, %e Sae s%a## ens*re %e 5ree e3er1ise o5 s*1% ri>% i%o*

2re'*$i1e o %e ri>%s o5 o%ers o #i5e, #ier" an$ e*a# 2roe1ion o5 %e#a.

SE!. /. Definition of terms. For 2*r2oses o5 %is A1 a #a5*# 1a*se or e32ressin>an o2inion o %e >enera# 2*#i1 on an" 2ari1*#ar iss*e or 2roesin> orin5#*en1in> an" sae o5 a55airs %e%er 2o#ii1a#, e1ono&i1 or so1ia# or2eiionin> %e >oern&en 5or re$ress o5 >riean1es.

T%e 2ro1essions, ra##ies, 2ara$es, $e&onsraions, 2*#i1&eein>s an$ assea>es 5or re#i>io*s 2*r2oses s%a## e >oerne$ "#o1a# or$inan1es Provided, however, T%a %e $e1#araion o5 2o#i1" as2roi$e$ in Se1ion ? o5 %is A1 s%a## e 5ai%5*##" osere$.

T%e $e5iniion %erein 1onaine$ s%a## no in1#*$e 2i1ein> an$o%er 1on1ere$ a1ion in srie areas " orers an$ e&2#o"ees res*#in>

4


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5ro& a #aor $is2*e as $e5ine$ " %e Laor !o$e, is i&2#e&enin> r*#esan$ re>*#aions, an$ " %e Baas Pa&ansa Bi#an> ??.

() P*#i1 2#a1eH s%a## in1#*$e an" %i>%a", o*#ear$,aen*e, roa$, sree, ri$>e or o%er %oro*>%5are, 2ar, 2#aza, s*are,an$or an" o2en s2a1e o5 2*#i1 oners%i2 %ere %e 2eo2#e are a##oe$

a11ess.

(1) Ma3i&*& o#eran1eH &eans %e %i>%es $e>ree o5resrain %a %e &i#iar", 2o#i1e an$ o%er 2ea1e ee2in> a*%oriies s%a##osere $*rin> a 2*#i1 asse" or in %e $is2ersa# o5 %e sa&e.

($) Mo$i5i1aion o5 a 2er&iH s%a## in1#*$e %e 1%an>e o5 %e2#a1e an$ i&e o5 %e 2*#i1 asse", rero*in> o5 %e 2ara$e or sree&ar1%, %e o#*&e o5 #o*$s2eaers or so*n$ s"se& an$ si&i#ar1%an>es.

SE!. ;. Permit when reqired and when not reqired. A rien

2er&i s%a## e re*ire$ 5or an" 2erson or 2ersons o or>anize an$ %o#$ a2*#i1 asse" in a 2*#i1 2#a1e. 9oeer, no 2er&i s%a## e re*ire$ i5%e 2*#i1 asse" s%a## e $one or &a$e in a 5ree$o& 2ar $*#"esa#is%e$ " #a or or$inan1e or in 2riae 2ro2er", in %i1% 1ase on#"%e 1onsen o5 %e oner or %e one eni#e$ o is #e>a# 2ossession isre*ire$, or in %e 1a&2*s o5 a >oern&enone$ an$ o2erae$e$*1aiona# insi*ion %i1% s%a## e s*'e1 o %e r*#es an$ re>*#aionso5 sai$ e$*1aiona# insi*ion. Po#ii1a# &eein>s or ra##ies %e#$ $*rin> an"e#e1ion 1a&2ai>n 2erio$ as 2roi$e$ 5or " #a are no 1oere$ " %is

A1.

SE!. @. !pplication reqirements. A## a22#i1aions 5or a 2er&i

s%a## 1o&2#" i% %e 5o##oin> >*i$e#ines an$ s%a##in1#*$e %e na&es o5 %e #ea$ers or or>anizers %e 2*r2ose o5 s*1%2*#i1 asse" %e $ae, i&e an$ $*raion %ereo5, an$ 2#a1e or sreeso e *se$ 5or %e inen$e$ a1ii" an$ %e 2roa#e n*&er o5 2ersons2ari1i2ain>, %e rans2or an$ %e 2*#i1 a$$ress s"se&s o e *se$.

() () T%e a22#i1aion s%a## in1or2orae %e $*" an$

res2onsii#i" o5 %e a22#i1an *n$er Se1ion %ereo5.(1) (1) T%e a22#i1aion s%a## e 5i#e$ i% %e o55i1e o5

%e &a"or o5 %e 1i" or &*ni1i2a#i" in %ose '*ris$i1ion %e inen$e$a1ii" is o e %e#$, a #eas 5ie (@) orin> $a"s e5ore %e s1%e$*#e$2*#i1 asse".

($) ($) U2on re1ei2 o5 %e a22#i1aion, %i1% &*s e

$*#" a1no#e$>e$ in riin>, %e o55i1e o5 %e 1i" or &*ni1i2a# &a"ors%a## 1a*se %e sa&e o i&&e$iae#" e 2ose$ a a 1ons2i1*o*s 2#a1e in%e 1i" or &*ni1i2a# *i#$in>.


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SE!. . !ction to be ta"en on the application. (a) (a) I s%a## e %e $*" o5 %e &a"or or an"

o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5 o iss*e or >ran a 2er&i *n#ess %ere is 1#earan$ 1onin1in> ei$en1e %a %e 2*#i1 asse" i## 1reae a 1#ear an$2resen $an>er o 2*#i1 or$er, 2*#i1 sa5e", 2*#i1 1onenien1e, 2*#i1

&ora#s or 2*#i1 %ea#%.() () T%e &a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in %is

e%a#5 s%a## a1 on %e a22#i1aion i%in o (?) orin> $a"s 5ro& %e$ae %e a22#i1aion as 5i#e$, 5ai#in> %i1%, %e 2er&i s%a## e $ee&e$>rane$. S%o*#$ 5or an" reason %e &a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in %ise%a#5 re5*se o a11e2 %e a22#i1aion 5or a 2er&i, sai$ a22#i1aion s%a##e 2ose$ " %e a22#i1an on %e 2re&ises o5 %e o55i1e o5 %e &a"or an$s%a## e $ee&e$ o %ae een 5i#e$.

(1) (1) I5 %e &a"or is o5 %e ie %a %ere is

i&&inen an$ >rae $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei# arranin> %e $enia# or

&o$i5i1aion o5 %e 2er&i, %e s%a## i&&e$iae#" in5or& %e a22#i1an %o&*s e %ear$ on %e &aer.

($) ($) T%e a1ion on %e 2er&i s%a## e in riin>

an$ sere$ on %e a22#i1aCn i%in en"5o*r %o*rs.(e) (e) I5 %e &a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in %is

e%a#5 $enies %e a22#i1aion or &o$i5ies %e er&s %ereo5 in %is 2er&i,%e a22#i1an &a" 1ones %e $e1ision in an a22ro2riae 1o*r o5 #a.

(5) (5) In 1ase s*i is ro*>% e5ore %e

Mero2o#ian Tria# !o*r, %e M*ni1i2a# Tria# !o*r, %e M*ni1i2a# !ir1*i

Tria# !o*r, %e Re>iona# Tria# !o*r, or %e Iner&e$iae A22e##ae 1o*r,is $e1isions &a" e a22ea#e$ o %e a22ro2riae 1o*r i%in 5or"ei>%(;) %o*rs a5er re1ei2 o5 %e sa&e. No a22ea# on$ an$ re1or$ ona22ea# s%a## e re*ire$. A $e1ision >ranin> s*1% 2er&i or &o$i5"in> iin er&s sais5a1or" o %e a22#i1an s%a## e i&&e$iae#" e3e1*or".

(>) (>) A## 1ases 5i#e$ in 1o*r *n$er %is se1ion

s%a## e $e1i$e$ i%in en"5o*r (?;) %o*rs 5ro& $ae o5 5i#in>. !ases5i#e$ %ere*n$er s%a## e i&&e$iae#" en$orse$ o %e e3e1*ie '*$>e 5or$is2osiion or, in %is asen1e, o %e ne3 in ran.

(%) (%) In a## 1ases, an" $e1ision &a" e

a22ea#e$ o %e S*2re&e !o*r.(i) (i) Te#e>ra2%i1 a22ea#s o e 5o##oe$ "

5or&a# a22ea#s are %ere" a##oe$.

SE!. . #se of Pblic throroghfare. S%o*#$ %e 2ro2ose$2*#i1 asse" ino#e %e *se, 5or an a22re1ia#e #en>% o5 i&e, o5 an"2*#i1 %i>%a", o*#ear$, aen*e, roa$ or sree, %e &a"or or an"o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5 &a", o 2reen >rae 2*#i1 in1onenien1e,


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$esi>nae %e ro*e %ereo5 %i1% is 1onenien o %e 2ari1i2ans orrero*e %e e%i1*#ar ra55i1 o ano%er $ire1ion so %a %ere i## e noserio*s or *n$*e iner5eren1e i% %e 5ree 5#o o5 1o&&er1e an$ ra$e.

SE!. . $esponsibility of applicant. I s%a## e %e $*" an$res2onsii#i" o5 %e #ea$ers an$ or>anizers o5 a 2*#i1 asse" o ae

a## reasona#e &eas*res an$ se2s o %e en$ %a %e inen$e$ 2*#i1asse" s%a## e 1on$*1e$ 2ea1e5*##" in a11or$an1e i% %e er&s o5%e 2er&i. T%ese s%a## in1#*$e * no e #i&ie$ o %e 5o##oin>oern&en

o55i1ia#s 1on1erne$ an$ #a en5or1ers o %e en$ %a %e 2*#i1asse" &a" e %e#$ 2ea1e5*##"

($) ($) To see o i %a %e 2*#i1 asse"*n$eraen s%a## no >o e"on$ %e i&e sae$ in %e 2er&i an$

(e) (e) To ae 2osiie se2s %a$e&onsraors $o no &o#es an" 2erson or $o an" a1 *n$*#" iner5erin>i% %e ri>%s o5 o%er 2ersons no 2ari1i2ain> in %e 2*#i1 asse".

SE!. -. %on&interference by law enforcement athorities. La

en5or1e&en a>en1ies s%a## no iner5ere i% %e %o#$in> o5 a 2*#i1asse". 9oeer, o a$e*ae#" ens*re 2*#i1 sa5e", a #a

en5or1e&en 1onin>en *n$er %e 1o&&an$ o5 a res2onsi#e 2o#i1eo55i1er &a" e $eai#e$ an$ saione$ in a 2#a1e a #eas one %*n$re$(+) &eers aa" 5ro& %e area o5 a1ii" rea$" o &ainain 2ea1e an$or$er a a## i&es.

SE!. +. Police assistance when reqested. I s%a## e

i&2eraie 5or #a en5or1e&en a>en1ies, %en %eir assisan1e isre*ese$ " %e #ea$ers or or>anizers, o 2er5or& %eir $*ies a#a"s&in$5*# %a %eir res2onsii#i" o 2roi$e 2ro2er 2roe1ion o %osee3er1isin> %eir ri>% 2ea1ea#" o assee an$ %e 5ree$o& o5e32ression is 2ri&or$ia#. Toar$s %is en$, #a en5or1e&en a>en1iess%a## osere %e 5o##oin> >*i$e#inesen %o $ea# i% %e $e&onsraors s%a## e in 1o&2#ee *ni5or&i% %eir na&e2#aes an$ *nis o %i1% %e" e#on> $is2#a"e$2ro&inen#" on %e 5ron an$ $orsa# 2ars o5 %eir *ni5or& an$ &*sosere %e 2o#i1" o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1eH as %erein $e5ine$

() () T%e &e&ers o5 %e #a en5or1e&en

1onin>en s%a## no 1arr" an" in$ o5 5irear&s * &a" e e*i22e$ i%


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aon or rio si1s, s%ie#$s, 1ras% %e#&es i% isor, >as &ass, oos oran#e %i>% s%oes i% s%in >*ar$s

(1) (1) Tear >as, s&oe >rena$es, aer

1annons, or an" si&i#ar anirio $ei1e s%a## no e *se$ *n#ess %e 2*#i1asse" is aen$e$ " a1*a# io#en1e or serio*s %reas o5 io#en1e, or

$e#ierae $esr*1ion o5 2ro2er".SE!. ++. Dispersal of pblic assembly with permit. No 2*#i1

asse" i% a 2er&i s%a## e $is2erse$. 9oeer, %en an asse"e1o&es io#en, %e 2o#i1e &a" $is2erse s*1% 2*#i1 asse" as5o##osn o5 i&2en$in> io#en1e,

%e ranin> o55i1er o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## 1a## %eaenion o5 %e #ea$ers o5 %e 2*#i1 asse" an$ as %e #aer o2reen an" 2ossi#e $is*ran1e

() () I5 a1*a# io#en1e sars o a 2oin%ere ro1s or o%er %ar&5*# o'e1s 5ro& %e 2ari1i2ans are %ron a%e 2o#i1e or a %e non2ari1i2ans, or a an" 2ro2er" 1a*sin> $a&a>eo s*1% 2ro2er", %e ranin> o55i1er o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>ens%a## a*$i#" arn %e 2ari1i2ans %a i5 %e $is*ran1e 2ersiss, %e2*#i1 asse" i## e $is2erse$

(1) (1) I5 %e io#en1e or $is*ran1e

2reai#in> as sae$ in %e 2re1e$in> s*2ara>ra2% s%o*#$ no so2 oraae, %e ranin> o55i1er o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## a*$i#"iss*e a arnin> o %e 2ari1i2ans o5 %e 2*#i1 asse", an$ a5era##oin> a reasona#e 2erio$ o5 i&e o #a2se, s%a## i&&e$iae#" or$er i o

5or%i% $is2erse

($) ($) No arres o5 an" #ea$er, or>anizer or2ari1i2an s%a## a#so e &a$e $*rin> %e 2*#i1 asse" *n#ess %eio#aes $*rin> %e asse" a #a, sa*e, or$inan1e or an" 2roision o5%is A1. S*1% arres s%a## e >oerne$ " Ari1#e +?@ o5 %e Reise$Pena# !o$e, as a&en$e$

(e) (e) Iso#ae$ a1s or in1i$ens o5 $isor$er or

rea1% o5 %e 2ea1e $*rin> %e 2*#i1 asse" s%a## no 1onsi*e a>ro*n$ 5or $is2ersa#.

SE!. +?. Dispersal of pblic assembly withot permit. 8%en %e2*#i1 asse" is %e#$ i%o* a 2er&i %ere a 2er&i is re*ire$, %esai$ 2*#i1 asse" &a" e 2ea1e5*##" $is2erse$.

SE!. +/. Prohibited acts. T%e 5o##oin> s%a## 1onsi*e

io#aions o5 %e A1 o5 an" 2*#i1 asse" as

$e5ine$ in %is A1 " an" #ea$er or or>anizer i%o* %ain> 5irs se1*re$


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%a rien 2er&i %ere a 2er&i is re*ire$ 5ro& %e o55i1e 1on1erne$,or %e *se o5 s*1% 2er&i 5or s*1% 2*r2oses in an" 2#a1e o%er %an %osese o* in sai$ 2er&i< Provided, however, T%a no 2erson 1an e2*nis%e$ or %e#$ 1ri&ina##" #ia#e 5or 2ari1i2ain> in or aen$in> ano%erise 2ea1e5*# asse"

() () Arirar" an$ *n'*si5ie$ $enia# or&o$i5i1aion o5 a 2er&i in io#aion o5 %e 2roisions o5 %is A1 " %e&a"or or an" o%er o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5

(1) (1) T%e *n'*si5ie$ an$ arirar" re5*sa# o

a11e2 or a1no#e$>e re1ei2 o5 %e a22#i1aion 5or a 2er&i " %e&a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5

($) ($) 0sr*1in>, i&2e$in>, $isr*2in> or

o%erise $en"in> %e e3er1ise o5 %e ri>% o 2ea1e5*# asse"

(e) (e) T%e *nne1essar" 5irin> o5 5irear&s " a

&e&er o5 an" #a en5or1e&en a>en1" or an" 2erson o $is2erse %e2*#i1 asse"

(5) (5) A1s in io#aion o5 Se1ion + %ereo5

(>) (>) A1s $es1rie$ %ere*n$er i5 1o&&ie$

i%in one %*n$re$ (+) &eers 5ro& %e area o5 a1ii" o5 %e 2*#i1asse" or on %e o11asion %ereo5ra2% (>) s%a## e 2*nis%e$ " i&2rison&en o5 one $a" o %ir"$a"s.

SE!. +@. 'reedom par"s. Eer" 1i" an$ &*ni1i2a#i" in %e

1o*nr" s%a## i%in si3 &on%s a5er %e e55e1ii" o5 %is A1 esa#is% or$esi>nae a #eas one s*ia#e 5ree$o& 2arH or &a## in %eir res2e1ie

'*ris$i1ions %i1%, as 5ar as 2ra1i1a#e, s%a## e 1enra##" #o1ae$ i%in%e 2o#a1ion %ere $e&onsraions an$ &eein>s &a" e %e#$ a an"i&e i%o* %e nee$ o5 an" 2rior 2er&i.

In %e 1iies an$ &*ni1i2a#iies o5 Mero2o#ian Mani#a, %e

res2e1ie &a"ors s%a## esa#is% %e 5ree$o& 2ars i%in %e 2erio$ o5si3 &on%s 5ro& %e e55e1ii" %is A1.

SE!. +. Constittionality. S%o*#$ an" 2roision o5 %is A1 e$e1#are$ ina#i$ or *n1onsi*iona#, %e a#i$i" or 1onsi*iona#i" o5 %eo%er 2roisions s%a## no e a55e1e$ %ere".

SE!. +. $epealing clase. A## #as, $e1rees, #eers o5insr*1ions, reso#*ions, or$ers, or$inan1es or 2ars %ereo5 %i1% arein1onsisen i% %e 2roisions o5 %is A1 are %ere" re2ea#e$, a&en$e$,

or &o$i5ie$ a11or$in>#".

SE!. +. (ffectivity. T%is A1 s%a## ae e55e1 *2on is a22roa#.

A22roe$, 01oer ??, +-@.

!PR, on %e o%er %an$, is a 2o#i1" se 5or% in a 2ress re#ease " Ma#a1aan>

$ae$ Se2e&er ?+, ?@, s%on in Anne3 AH o %e Peiion in G.R. No. +-;, %*s 055i1ia#Mani#a, P%i#i22ines NE8SRe#ease No. ? Se2e&er ?+, ?@

STATEMENT 0F E:E!UTI6E SE!RETARY EDUARD0 ERMITA


11/33

)n #nlawfl *ass !ctions

In ie o5 ine##i>en1e re2ors 2oinin> o 1re$i#e 2#ans o5 ani>oern&en >ro*2s o in5#a&e %e 2o#ii1a# si*aion, so $isor$er an$in1ie 2eo2#e a>ains %e $*#" 1onsi*e$ a*%oriies, e %ae insr*1e$%e PNP as e## as %e #o1a# >oern&en *nis o sri1#" en5or1e a no

2er&i, no ra##"H 2o#i1", $is2erse >ro*2s %a r*n a5o*# o5 %is san$ar$ an$arres a## 2ersons io#ain> %e #as o5 %e #an$ as e## as or$inan1es on%e 2ro2er 1on$*1 o5 &ass a1ions an$ $e&onsraions.

T%e r*#e o5 1a#irae$ 2ree&2ie res2onse is no in 5or1e, in #ie*o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1e. T%e a*%oriies i## no san$ asi$e %i#e %osei% i## inen are %er$in> a iin> or *niin> &ass o5 2eo2#e an$ in1iin>%e& ino a1ions %a are ini&i1a# o 2*#i1 or$er, an$ %e 2ea1e o5 &in$o5 %e naiona# 1o&&*ni".

Un#a5*# &ass a1ions i## e $is2erse$. T%e &a'ori" o5 #a

ai$in> 1iizens %ae %e ri>% o e 2roe1e$ " a i>i#an an$ 2roa1ie

>oern&en.

8e a22ea# o %e $era1ors o5 %e >oern&en o en>a>e in #a5*#an$ 2ea1e5*# 1on$*1 e5iin> o5 a $e&o1rai1 so1ie".

T%e Presi$enOs 1a## 5or *ni" an$ re1on1i#iaion san$s, ase$ on%e r*#e o5 #a.

Peiioners Bayan, et al., 1onen$ %a Baas Pa&ansa No. is 1#ear#" a

io#aion o5 %e !onsi*ion an$ %e Inernaiona# !oenan on !ii# an$ Po#ii1a# Ri>%s

an$ o%er %*&an ri>%s reaies o5 %i1% %e P%i#i22ines is a si>naor". @C@

T%e" ar>*e %a B.P. No. re*ires a 2er&i e5ore one 1an sa>e a 2*#i1

asse" re>ar$#ess o5 %e 2resen1e or asen1e o5 a 1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er. I a#so

1*rai#s %e 1%oi1e o5 en*e an$ is %*s re2*>nan o %e 5ree$o& o5 e32ression 1#a*se

as %e i&e an$ 2#a1e o5 a 2*#i1 asse" 5or& 2ar o5 %e &essa>e 5or %i1% %e

e32ression is so*>%. F*r%er&ore, i is no 1onenne*ra# as i $oes no a22#" o &ass

a1ions in s*22or o5 %e >oern&en. T%e or$s #a5*# 1a*se,H o2inion,H 2roesin> or

in5#*en1in>H s*>>es %e e32osiion o5 so&e 1a*se no es2o*se$ " %e >oern&en.

A#so, %e 2%rase &a3i&*& o#eran1eH s%os %a %e #a a22#ies o asseies a>ains

%e >oern&en e1a*se %e" are ein> o#erae$. As a 1onenase$ #e>is#aion, i

1anno 2ass %e sri1 s1r*in" es.

5


12/33

Peiioners Jess del Prado, et al., in *rn, ar>*e %a B.P. No. is

*n1onsi*iona# as i is a 1*rai#&en o5 %e ri>% o 2ea1e5*##" assee an$ 2eiion 5or

re$ress o5 >riean1es e1a*se i 2*s a 1on$iion 5or %e a#i$ e3er1ise o5 %a ri>%. I

a#so 1%ara1erizes 2*#i1 asseies i%o* a 2er&i as i##e>a# an$ 2ena#izes %e& an$

a##os %eir $is2ersa#. T%*s, is 2roisions are no &ere re>*#aions * are a1*a##"

2ro%iiions.

F*r%er&ore, %e #a $e#e>aes 2oers o %e Ma"or i%o* 2roi$in> 1#ear

san$ar$s. T%e o san$ar$s sae$ in %e #as (1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er an$

i&&inen an$ >rae $an>er) are in1onsisen.

Re>ar$in> %e !PR 2o#i1", i is oi$ 5or ein> an ltra viresa1 %a a#ers %e

san$ar$ o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1e se 5or% in B.P. No. , asi$e 5ro& ein> oi$ 5or ein>

a>*e an$ 5or #a1 o5 2*#i1aion.

Fina##", 2eiioners KU,et al.,ar>*e %a %e !onsi*ion ses no #i&is on %e

ri>% o asse" an$ %ere5ore B.P. No. 1anno 2* %e 2rior re*ire&en o5

se1*rin> a 2er&i. An$ een ass*&in> %a %e #e>is#a*re 1an se #i&is o %is ri>%, %e

#i&is 2roi$e$ are *nreasona#e< Firs, a##oin> %e Ma"or o $en" %e 2er&i on 1#ear

an$ 1onin1in> ei$en1e o5 a 1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er is oo 1o&2re%ensie. Se1on$,

%e 5ie$a" re*ire&en o a22#" 5or a 2er&i is oo #on> as 1erain eens re*ire insan

2*#i1 asse", o%erise ineres on %e iss*e o*#$ 2ossi#" ane.

As o %e !PR 2o#i1", %e" ar>*e %a i is 2ree&2ie, %a %e >oern&en aes

a1ion een e5ore %e ra##"iss 1an 2er5or& %eir a1, an$ %a no #a, or$inan1e or

e3e1*ie or$er s*22ors %e 2o#i1". F*r%er&ore, i 1onraenes %e &a3i&*& o#eran1e

2o#i1" o5 B.P. No. an$ io#aes %e !onsi*ion as i 1a*ses a 1%i##in> e55e1 on %e

e3er1ise " %e 2eo2#e o5 %e ri>% o 2ea1ea#" assee.

Res2on$ens in #.$. No. %&'()(are Eduardo Er*ita, as E3e1*ie Se1rear",

Mani#a !i" ayor +ito Atiena, !%ie5, o5 %e P%i#i22ine Naiona# Po#i1e (PNP) #en.

Arturo +o*i-ao, Naiona# !a2ia# Re>ion Po#i1e 055i1e (N!RP0) !%ie5, PNP a.#en.

/idal 0uerol, an$ Mani#a Po#i1e Disri1 (MPD) !%ie5 #en. Pedro Bulaong.


13/33

Res2on$ens in #.$. No. %&'(1(are Eduardo Er*itaas E3e1*ie Se1rear"

an$ in %is 2ersona# 1a2a1i" Angelo $eyes, as Se1rear" o5 %e Inerior an$ Lo1a#

Goern&ens Arturo +o*i-ao, as !%ie5 /idal 0uerol, as !%ie5, N!RP0 Pedro

Bulaong, as !%ie5, MPD, an$ a## o%er 2*#i1 o55i1ers an$ 2riae in$ii$*a#s a1in>

*n$er %eir 1onro#, s*2erision an$ insr*1ion.

Res2on$ens in #.$. No. %&'((%are %e 9onora#e E2e3uti4e Se3retary, PNP

Dire3tor#eneral Arturo +o*i-ao, %e 9onora#e ayor Joselito Atiena, an$ PNP

MPD C5ie6 Pedro Bulaong.

Res2on$ens ar>*e %a e1a*se %e" %ae no

2resene$ ei$en1e %a %e" %a$ een in'*re$, arrese$ or $eaine$ e1a*se o5 %e

!PR,H an$ %a %ose arrese$ san$ o e 1%ar>e$ i% io#ain> Baas Pa&ansa CNo.

an$ o%er o55enses.H

2. ?. Nei%er B.P. No. nor !PR is oi$ on is 5a1e. Peiioners

1anno %ones#" 1#ai& %a %e i&e, 2#a1e an$ &anner re>*#aion e&o$ie$ in B.P. No.

io#aes %e %ree2ron>e$ es 5or s*1% a &eas*re, o i< (a) B.P. No. is

1onenne*ra#, i.e., i %as no re5eren1e o 1onen o5 re>*#ae$ s2ee1% () B.P. No.

is narro#" ai#ore$ o sere a si>ni5i1an >oern&ena# ineres, i.e., %e ineres 1anno

e e*a##" e## sere$ " a &eans %a is #ess inr*sie o5 5ree s2ee1% ineress an$ (1)

B.P. No. #eaes o2en a#ernaie 1%anne#s 5or 1o&&*ni1aion o5 %e in5or&aion. C

3. /. B.P. No. is 1onenne*ra# as seen 5ro& %e e3 o5 %e

#a. Se1ion @ re*ires %e sae&en o5 %e 2*#i1 asse"Os i&e, 2#a1e an$ &anner

o5 1on$*1. I enai#s ra55i1 rero*in> o 2reen >rae 2*#i1 in1onenien1e an$ serio*s

or *n$*e iner5eren1e in %e 5ree 5#o o5 1o&&er1e an$ ra$e. F*r%er&ore, no%in> in

B.P. No. a*%orizes %e $enia# o5 a 2er&i on %e asis o5 a ra##"Os 2ro>ra& 1onen

or %e sae&ens o5 %e s2eaers %erein, e31e2 *n$er %e 1onsi*iona# 2re1e2 o5 %e

6


14/33

1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er es.H T%e sa*s o5 B.P. No. as a 1onenne*ra#

re>*#aion %as een re1o>nize$ in )sme+a v. Comelec.C

4. ;. !diong v. ComelecC%e#$ %a B.P. No. is a 1onen

ne*ra# re>*#aion o5 %e i&e, 2#a1e an$ &anner o5 %o#$in> 2*#i1 asseies an$ %e

#a 2asses %e es 5or s*1% re>*#aion, na&e#", %ese re>*#aions nee$ on#" a

s*sania# >oern&ena# ineres o s*22or %e&.

5. @. angalang v. -ntermediate !ppellate Cort-C-%e#$ %a a #o1a#

1%ie5 e3e1*ie %as %e a*%ori" o e3er1ise 2o#i1e 2oer o &ee %e $e&an$s o5 %e

1o&&on >oo$ in er&s o5 ra55i1 $e1on>esion an$ 2*#i1 1onenien1e.H F*r%er&ore,

%e $is1reion >ien o %e &a"or is narro#" 1ir1*&s1rie$ " Se1ions @ ($), an$ (a),

(), (1), ($), (e), +/ an$ +@ o5 %e #a.

6. . T%e san$ar$s se 5or% in %e #a are no in1onsisen.

!#ear an$ 1onin1in> ei$en1e %a %e 2*#i1 asse" i## 1reae a 1#ear an$ 2resen

$an>er o 2*#i1 or$er, 2*#i1 sa5e", 2*#i1 1onenien1e, 2*#i1 &ora#s or 2*#i1 %ea#%H

an$ i&&inen an$ >rae $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei#H o% e32ress %e &eanin> o5 %e

1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er es.H+C+

. . !PR is si&2#" %e res2onsi#e an$ '*$i1io*s *se o5 &eans

a##oe$ " e3isin> #as an$ or$inan1es o 2roe1 2*#i1 ineres an$ resore 2*#i1

or$er. T%*s, i is no a11*rae o 1a## i a ne r*#e * ra%er i is a &ore 2roa1ie an$

$"na&i1 en5or1e&en o5 e3isin> #as, re>*#aions an$ or$inan1es o 2reen 1%aos in

%e srees. I $oes no re2#a1e %e r*#e o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1e in B.P. No. .

Res2on$en Ma"or Jose#io Aienza, 5or %is 2ar, s*&ie$ in %is !o&&en %a

%e 2eiion in G.R. No. +-/ s%o*#$ e $is&isse$ on %e >ro*n$ %a Re2*#i1 A1 No.

+ >ies %e Ma"or 2oer o $en" a 2er&i in$e2en$en#" o5 B.P. No. %a %is

$enia#s o5 2er&is ere *n$er %e 1#ear an$ 2resen $an>erH r*#e as %ere as a 1#a&or

o so2 ra##ies %a $isr*2 %e e1ono&" an$ o 2roe1 %e #ies o5 o%er 2eo2#e %a J. B.

7

8

9

10


15/33

. $eyes v. Bagatsing,//[11]Primicias v. 'goso,/0[12]an$ Jacinto v. CA,/1[13]%ae a55ir&e$

%e 1onsi*iona#i" o5 re*irin> a 2er&i %a %e 2er&i is 5or %e *se o5 a 2*#i1 2#a1e

an$ no 5or %e e3er1ise o5 ri>%s an$ %a B.P. No. is no a 1onenase$ re>*#aion

e1a*se i 1oers a## ra##ies.

T%e 2eiions ere or$ere$ 1onso#i$ae$ on Fer*ar" +;, ?. A5er %e

s*&ission o5 a## %e !o&&ens, %e !o*r se %e 1ases 5or ora# ar>*&ens on A2ri# ;,

?,+;C+;sain> %e 2rin1i2a# iss*es, as 5o##osa#i" o5 %e 2o#i1" o5

!a#irae$ Pree&2ie Res2onse (!PR) %e 1o*rse o5 %e ora# ar>*&ens, %e 5o##oin> $ee#o2&ens oo 2#a1e

an$ ere a22roe$ an$or noe$ " %e !o*r %e iss*e o5 %e%er B.P. No. an$or !PR is oi$ as a22#ie$ o %e ra##ies o5

Se2e&er ?, 01oer ;, @ an$ , ?@.

11

12

13

14


16/33

?. ?. T%e So#i1ior Genera# a>ree$ i% %e oseraion o5 %e

!%ie5 J*si1e %a !PR s%o*#$ no #on>er e *se$ as a #e>a# er& inas&*1% as, a11or$in>

o res2on$ens, i as &ere#" a 1a1%or$H inen$e$ o 1#ari5" %a as %o*>% o e a

&is*n$ersan$in> o5 %e &a3i&*& o#eran1e 2o#i1" se 5or% in B.P. No. an$ %a, as

sae$ in %e a55i$ai e3e1*e$ " E3e1*ie Se1rear" E$*ar$o Er&ia an$ s*&ie$ o

%e 0&*$s&an, i $oes no re2#a1e B.P. No. an$ %e &a3i&*& o#eran1e 2o#i1"

e&o$ie$ in %a #a.

T%e !o*r i## no 2ro1ee$ o a$$ress %e 2rin1i2a# iss*es, ain> ino a11o*n

%e 5ore>oin> $ee#o2&ens.

PeiionersO san$in> 1anno e serio*s#" 1%a##en>e$. T%eir ri>% as 1iizens o

en>a>e in 2ea1e5*# asse" an$ e3er1ise %e ri>% o5 2eiion, as >*aranee$ " %e

!onsi*ion, is $ire1#" a55e1e$ " B.P. No. %i1% re*ires a 2er&i 5or a## %o

o*#$ 2*#i1#" assee in %e naionOs srees an$ 2ars. T%e" %ae, in 5a1, 2*r2ose#"

en>a>e$ in 2*#i1 asseies i%o* %e re*ire$ 2er&is o 2ress %eir 1#ai& %a no

s*1% 2er&i 1an e a#i$#" re*ire$ i%o* io#ain> %e !onsi*iona# >*aranee.

Res2on$ens, on %e o%er %an$, %ae 1%a##en>e$ s*1% a1ion as 1onrar" o #a an$

$is2erse$ %e 2*#i1 asseies %e#$ i%o* %e 2er&i.

Se1ion ; o5 Ari1#e III o5 %e !onsi*ion 2roi$esin> %e 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1%,o5 e32ression, or o5 %e 2ress, or %e ri>% o5 %e 2eo2#e 2ea1ea#" oassee an$ 2eiion %e >oern&en 5or re$ress o5 >riean1es.

T%e 5irs 2oin o &ar is %a %e ri>% o 2ea1ea#" assee an$ 2eiion 5or

re$ress o5 >riean1es is, o>e%er i% 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1%, o5 e32ression, an$ o5 %e

2ress, a ri>% %a en'o"s 2ri&a1" in %e rea#& o5 1onsi*iona# 2roe1ion. For %eseri>%s 1onsi*e %e er" asis o5 a 5*n1iona# $e&o1rai1 2o#i", i%o* %i1% a## %e

o%er ri>%s o*#$ e &eanin>#ess an$ *n2roe1e$. As sae$ in Jacinto v. C!,+@C+@%e

15


17/33

!o*r, as ear#" as %e onse o5 %is 1en*r", in #.. v. !prado,+C+a#rea$" *2%e#$ %e

ri>% o asse" an$ 2eiion, as 5o##os%s o 2ea1e5*#

asse" o 2eiion %e >oern&en 5or a re$ress o5 >riean1es an$, 5or%a &aer, o or>anize or 5or& asso1iaions 5or 2*r2oses no 1onrar" o#a, as e## as o en>a>e in 2ea1e5*# 1on1ere$ a1iiies. T%ese ri>%sare >*aranee$ " no #ess %an %e !onsi*ion, 2ari1*#ar#" Se1ions ;an$ o5 %e Bi## o5 Ri>%s, Se1ion ?(@) o5 Ari1#e I:, an$ Se1ion / o5

Ari1#e :III. J*ris2r*$en1e ao*n$s i% %a##oe$ 2rono*n1e&ens$e5en$in> an$ 2ro&oin> %e 2eo2#eOs e3er1ise o5 %ese ri>%s. As ear#"as %e onse o5 %is 1en*r", %is !o*r in #.. vs. !prado, a#rea$"*2%e#$ %e ri>% o asse" an$ 2eiion an$ een en as 5ar as oa1no#e$>e is a#a"s ro*>% o a%i>% 2i1% o5 e31ie&en, an$ %e >reaer, %e >riean1e an$ %e &oreinense %e 5ee#in>, %e #ess 2er5e1, as a r*#e i## e %e $is1i2#inar"1onro# o5 %e #ea$ers oer %eir irres2onsi#e 5o##oers. B* i5 %e2rose1*ion e 2er&ie$ o seize *2on eer" insan1e o5 s*1% $isor$er#"1on$*1 " in$ii$*a# &e&ers o5 a 1ro$ as an e31*se o 1%ara1erize%e asse" as a se$iio*s an$ *&*#*o*s risin> a>ains %e a*%oriies,%en %e ri>% o assee an$ o 2eiion 5or re$ress o5 >riean1es o*#$e1o&e a $e#*sion an$ a snare an$ %e ae&2 o e3er1ise i on %e &osri>%eo*s o11asion an$ in %e &os 2ea1ea#e &anner o*#$ e32ose a##%ose %o oo 2ar %erein o %e seeres an$ &os *n&erie$2*nis%&en, i5 %e 2*r2oses %i1% %e" so*>% o aain $i$ no %a22en oe 2#easin> o %e 2rose1*in> a*%oriies. I5 insan1es o5 $isor$er#"1on$*1 o11*r on s*1% o11asions, %e >*i#" in$ii$*a#s s%o*#$ e so*>%o* an$ 2*nis%e$ %ere5or, * %e *&os $is1reion &*s e e3er1ise$ in$rain> %e #ine eeen disorderly an$ seditios1on$*1 an$ eeenan essenia##" 2ea1ea#e asse" an$ a *&*#*o*s *2risin>.H

A>ain, in Primicias v. 'goso,+C+%e !o*r #ieise s*saine$ %e 2ri&a1" o5

5ree$o& o5 s2ee1% an$ o asse" an$ 2eiion oer 1o&5or an$ 1onenien1e in %e

*se o5 srees an$ 2ars.

Ne3, %oeer, i &*s e re&e&ere$ %a %e ri>%, %i#e sa1rosan1, is no

aso#*e. In Primicias, %is !o*r sai$% o 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1%, an$ o 2ea1e5*##" assee an$2eiion %e >oern&en 5or re$ress o5 >riean1es, are 5*n$a&ena#2ersona# ri>%s o5 %e 2eo2#e re1o>nize$ an$ >*aranee$ " %e1onsi*ions o5 $e&o1rai1 1o*nries. B* i is a se#e$ 2rin1i2#e >roin>o* o5 %e na*re o5 e##or$ere$ 1ii# so1ieies %a %e e3er1ise o5 %oseri>%s is no aso#*e 5or i &a" e so re>*#ae$ %a i s%a## no e

in'*rio*s o %e e*a# en'o"&en o5 o%ers %ain> e*a# ri>%s, norin'*rio*s o %e ri>%s o5 %e 1o&&*ni" or so1ie". T%e 2oer o re>*#ae%e e3er1ise o5 s*1% an$ o%er 1onsi*iona# ri>%s is er&e$ %esoerei>n 2o#i1e 2oer,H %i1% is %e 2oer o 2res1rie re>*#aions, o2ro&oe %e %ea#%, &ora#s, 2ea1e, e$*1aion, >oo$ or$er or sa5e", an$>enera# e#5are o5 %e 2eo2#e. T%is soerei>n 2o#i1e 2oer is e3er1ise$" %e >oern&en %ro*>% is #e>is#aie ran1% " %e ena1&en o5 #asre>*#ain> %ose an$ o%er 1onsi*iona# an$ 1ii# ri>%s, an$ i &a" e$e#e>ae$ o 2o#ii1a# s*$iisions, s*1% as ons, &*ni1i2a#iies an$1iies " a*%orizin> %eir #e>is#aie o$ies 1a##e$ &*ni1i2a# an$ 1i"1o*n1i#s o ena1 or$inan1es 5or %e 2*r2ose.+C+

$eyes v. Bagatsing/2[19]5*r%er e32o*n$e$ on %e ri>% an$ is #i&is, as 5o##osnae ri>%s o 5ree s2ee1% an$ 2ea1e5*# asse",arisin> 5ro& %e $enia# o5 a 2er&i. T%e !onsi*ion is *ie e32#i1i< No#a s%a## e 2asse$ ari$>in> %e 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1%, or o5 %e 2ress, or%e ri>% o5 %e 2eo2#e 2ea1ea#" o assee an$ 2eiion %eGoern&en 5or re$ress o5 >riean1es.H Free s2ee1%, #ie 5ree 2ress,&a" e i$eni5ie$ i% %e #ier" o $is1*ss 2*#i1#" an$ r*%5*##" an"&aer o5 2*#i1 1on1ern i%o* 1ensors%i2 or 2*nis%&en. T%ere is oe %en no 2reio*s resrain on %e 1o&&*ni1aion o5 ies ors*se*en #iai#i" %e%er in #ie# s*is, 2rose1*ion 5or se$iion, ora1ion 5or $a&a>es, or 1one&2 2ro1ee$in>s *n#ess %ere e a 1#earan$ 2resen $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei# %a C%e Sae %as a ri>% o2reen.H Free$o& o5 asse" 1onnoes %e ri>% o5 %e 2eo2#e o &ee2ea1ea#" 5or 1ons*#aion an$ $is1*ssion o5 &aers o5 2*#i1 1on1ern. Iis eni#e$ o e a11or$e$ %e *&os $e5eren1e an$ res2e1. I is no oe #i&ie$, &*1% #ess $enie$, e31e2 on a s%oin>, as is %e 1ase i%5ree$o& o5 e32ression, o5 a 1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei#%a %e sae %as a ri>% o 2reen. Een 2rior o %e +-/@ !onsi*ion,J*si1e Ma#1o#& %a$ o11asion o sress %a i is a ne1essar"1onse*en1e o5 o*r re2*#i1an insi*ions an$ 1o&2#e&ens %e ri>% o55ree s2ee1%. To 2ara2%rase %e o2inion o5 J*si1e R*#e$>e, s2eain> 5or%e &a'ori" o5 %e A&eri1an S*2re&e !o*r in T%o&as . !o##ins, i asno " a11i$en or 1oin1i$en1e %a %e ri>%s o 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1% an$ o5%e 2ress ere 1o*2#e$ in a sin>#e >*aranee i% %e ri>%s o5 %e 2eo2#e2ea1ea#" o assee an$ o 2eiion %e >oern&en 5or re$ress o5>riean1es. A## %ese ri>%s, %i#e no i$eni1a#, are inse2ara#e. In eer"

18

19


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1ase, %ere5ore, %ere %ere is a #i&iaion 2#a1e$ on %e e3er1ise o5 %isri>%, %e '*$i1iar" is 1a##e$ *2on o e3a&ine %e e55e1s o5 %e 1%a##en>e$>oern&ena# a1*aion. T%e so#e '*si5i1aion 5or a #i&iaion on %ee3er1ise o5 %is ri>%, so 5*n$a&ena# o %e &ainenan1e o5 $e&o1rai1insi*ions, is %e $an>er, o5 a 1%ara1er o% >rae an$ i&&inen, o5 aserio*s ei# o 2*#i1 sa5e", 2*#i1 &ora#s, 2*#i1 %ea#%, or an" o%er

#e>ii&ae 2*#i1 ineres.

?. No%ere is %e raiona#e %a *n$er#ies %e 5ree$o& o5e32ression an$ 2ea1ea#e asse" eer e32resse$ %an in %is e31er25ro& an o2inion o5 J*si1e Fran5*rer< I &*s neer e 5or>oen,%oeer, %a %e Bi## o5 Ri>%s as %e 1%i#$ o5 %e En#i>%en&en. Ba1o5 %e >*aran" o5 5ree s2ee1% #a" 5ai% in %e 2oer o5 an a22ea# oreason " a## %e 2ea1e5*# &eans 5or >ainin> a11ess o %e &in$. I asin or$er o aer 5or1e an$ e32#osions $*e o resri1ions *2on raiona#&o$es o5 1o&&*ni1aion %a %e >*aran" o5 5ree s2ee1% as >ien a>enero*s s1o2e. B* *eran1e in a 1one3 o5 io#en1e 1an #ose issi>ni5i1an1e as an a22ea# o reason an$ e1o&e 2ar o5 an insr*&en o5

5or1e. S*1% *eran1e as no &ean o e s%e#ere$ " %e !onsi*ion.H8%a as ri>%5*##" sresse$ is %e aan$on&en o5 reason, %e *eran1e,%e%er era# or 2rine$, ein> in a 1one3 o5 io#en1e. I &*s a#a"se re&e&ere$ %a %is ri>% #ieise 2roi$es 5or a sa5e" a#e,a##oin> 2aries %e o22or*ni" o >ie en o %eir ies, een i5 1onrar"o %e 2reai#in> 1#i&ae o5 o2inion. For i5 %e 2ea1e5*# &eans o51o&&*ni1aion 1anno e aai#e$ o5, resor o non2ea1e5*# &eans &a"e %e on#" a#ernaie. Nor is %is %e so#e reason 5or %e e32ression o5$issen. I &eans &ore %an '*s %e ri>% o e %ear$ o5 %e 2erson %o5ee#s a>>riee$ or %o is $issais5ie$ i% %in>s as %e" are. Is a#*e&a" #ie in %e 5a1 %a %ere &a" e so&e%in> or% %earin> 5ro& %e$issener. T%a is o ens*re a r*e 5er&en o5 i$eas. T%ere are, o5

1o*rse, e##$e5ine$ #i&is. 8%a is >*aranee$ is 2ea1ea#e asse".0ne &a" no a$o1ae $isor$er in %e na&e o5 2roes, &*1% #ess 2rea1%ree##ion *n$er %e 1#oa o5 $issen. T%e !onsi*ion 5rons on $isor$eror *&*# aen$in> a ra##" or asse". Resor o 5or1e is r*#e$ o* an$o*reas o5 io#en1e o e aoi$e$. T%e *&os 1a#& %o*>% is nore*ire$. As 2oine$ o* in an ear#" P%i#i22ine 1ase, 2enne$ in +- oe 2re1ise, Unie$ Saes . A2*ra$o< I is ra%er o e e32e1e$ %a&ore or #ess $isor$er i## &ar %e 2*#i1 asse" o5 %e 2eo2#e o2roes a>ains >riean1es %e%er rea# or i&a>inar", e1a*se on s*1%o11asions 5ee#in> is a#a"s ro*>% o a %i>% 2i1% o5 e31ie&en, an$ %e>reaer %e >riean1e an$ %e &ore inense %e 5ee#in>, %e #ess 2er5e1,as a r*#e, i## e %e $is1i2#inar" 1onro# o5 %e #ea$ers oer %eir

irres2onsi#e 5o##oers.H I ears re2eain> %a 5or %e 1onsi*iona# ri>%o e inoe$, rioo*s 1on$*1, in'*r" o 2ro2er", an$ a1s o5 an$a#is&&*s e aoi$e$. To >ie 5ree rein o oneOs $esr*1ie *r>es is o 1a## 5or1on$e&naion. I is o &ae a &o1er" o5 %e %i>% esae o11*2ie$ "ine##e1*a# #ier" in o*r s1%e&e o5 a#*es.

T%ere 1an e no #e>a# o'e1ion, asen %e e3isen1e o5 a 1#earan$ 2resen $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei#, on %e 1%oi1e o5 L*nea as %e2#a1e %ere %e 2ea1e ra##" o*#$ sar. T%e P%i#i22ines is 1o&&ie$ o


20/33

%e ie e32resse$ in %e 2#*ra#i" o2inion, o5 +-/- ina>e, o5 J*si1eRoers in 9a>*e . !I0< 8%eneer %e i#e o5 srees an$ 2ars &a"res, %e" %ae i&&e&oria##" een %e#$ in r*s 5or %e *se o5 %e 2*#i1an$, i&e o* o5 &in$, %ae een *se$ 5or 2*r2oses o5 asse",1o&&*ni1ain> %o*>%s eeen 1iizens, an$ $is1*ssin> 2*#i1*esions. S*1% *se o5 %e srees an$ 2*#i1 2#a1es %as, 5ro& an1ien

i&es, een a 2ar o5 %e 2rii#e>es, i&&*niies, ri>%s an$ #ieries o51iizens. T%e 2rii#e>e o5 a 1iizen o5 %e Unie$ Saes o *se %e sreesan$ 2ars 5or 1o&&*ni1aion o5 ies on naiona# *esions &a" ere>*#ae$ in %e ineres o5 a## i is no aso#*e, * re#aie, an$ &*s ee3er1ise$ in s*or$inaion o %e >enera# 1o&5or an$ 1onenien1e, an$in 1onsonan1e i% 2ea1e an$ >oo$ or$er * &*s no, in %e >*ise o5re>*#aion, e ari$>e$ or $enie$.H T%e aoe e31er2 as *oe$ i%a22roa# in Pri&i1ias . F*>oso. Pri&i1ias &a$e e32#i1i %a as i&2#i1iin M*ni1i2a#i" o5 !aie . Ro'as, a +-+@ $e1ision, %ere %is !o*r1ae>ori1a##" a55ir&e$ %a 2#azas or 2ars an$ srees are o*si$e %e1o&&er1e o5 &an an$ %*s n*##i5ie$ a 1onra1 %a #ease$ P#aza So#e$a$o5 2#aini55&*ni1i2a#i". Re5eren1e as &a$e o s*1% 2#aza ein> a

2ro&ena$e 5or 2*#i1 *se,H %i1% 1erain#" is no %e on#" 2*r2ose %a i1o*#$ sere. To re2ea, %ere 1an e no a#i$ reason %" a 2er&i s%o*#$no e >rane$ 5or %e 2ro2ose$ &ar1% an$ ra##" sarin> 5ro& a 2*#i12ar %a is %e L*nea.

;. Nei%er 1an %ere e an" a#i$ o'e1ion o %e *se o5 %esrees o %e >aes o5 %e US e&ass", %ar$#" o #o1s aa" a %eRo3as Bo*#ear$. Pri&i1ias . F*>oso %as reso#e$ an" #*rin> $o* on%e &aer. In %o#$in> %a %e %en Ma"or F*>oso o5 %e !i" o5 Mani#as%o*#$ >ran a 2er&i 5or a 2*#i1 &eein> a P#aza Miran$a in 7*ia2o,%is !o*r 1ae>ori1a##" $e1#are$< 0*r 1on1#*sion 5in$s s*22or in %e$e1ision in %e 1ase o5 8i##is !o3 . Sae o5 Ne 9a&2s%ire, /+? U.S.,

@-. In %a 1ase, %e sa*e o5 Ne 9a&2s%ire P.L. 1%a2. +;@, se1ion?, 2roi$in> %a no 2ara$e or 2ro1ession *2on an" >ro*n$ a*in>%ereon, s%a## e 2er&ie$ *n#ess a s2e1ia# #i1ense %ere5or s%a## 5irs eoaine$ 5ro& %e se#e1&en o5 %e on or 5ro& #i1ensin> 1o&&iee,Oas 1onsr*e$ " %e S*2re&e !o*r o5 Ne 9a&2s%ire as no1on5errin> *2on %e #i1ensin> oar$ *n5eere$ $is1reion o re5*se o>ran %e #i1ense, an$ %e#$ a#i$. An$ %e S*2re&e !o*r o5 %e Unie$Saes, in is $e1ision (+-;+) 2enne$ " !%ie5 J*si1e 9*>%es a55ir&in>%e '*$>&en o5 %e Sae S*2re&e !o*r, %e#$ %a Qa sa*e re*irin>2ersons *sin> %e 2*#i1 srees 5or a 2ara$e or 2ro1ession o 2ro1*re as2e1ia# #i1ense %ere5or 5ro& %e #o1a# a*%oriies is no an *n1onsi*iona#ari$>&en o5 %e ri>%s o5 asse" or o5 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1% an$ 2ress,

%ere, as %e sa*e is 1onsr*e$ " %e sae 1o*rs, %e #i1ensin>a*%oriies are sri1#" #i&ie$, in %e iss*an1e o5 #i1enses, o a1onsi$eraion o5 %e i&e, 2#a1e, an$ &anner o5 %e 2ara$e or 2ro1ession,i% a ie o 1onserin> %e 2*#i1 1onenien1e an$ o5 a55or$in> ano22or*ni" o 2roi$e 2ro2er 2o#i1in>, an$ are no inese$ i% arirar"$is1reion o iss*e or re5*se #i1ense, = = =. Nor s%o*#$ %e 2oin &a$e "!%ie5 J*si1e 9*>%es in a s*se*en 2orion o5 %e o2inion e i>nore$*aranee$ " %e !onsi*ion, i&2#" %e e3isen1e o5an or>anize$ so1ie" &ainainin> 2*#i1 or$er i%o* %i1% #ier" ise#5


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o*#$ e #os in %e e31esses o5 *nresri1e$ a*ses. T%e a*%ori" o5 a&*ni1i2a#i" o i&2ose re>*#aions in or$er o ass*re %e sa5e" an$1onenien1e o5 %e 2eo2#e in %e *se o5 2*#i1 %i>%a"s %as neer eenre>ar$e$ as in1onsisen i% 1ii# #ieries * ra%er as one o5 %e &eanso5 sa5e>*ar$in> %e >oo$ or$er *2on %i1% %e" *#i&ae#" $e2en$. T%e1onro# o5 rae# on %e srees o5 1iies is %e &os 5a&i#iar i##*sraion o5

%is re1o>niion o5 so1ia# nee$. 8%ere a resri1ion o5 %e *se o5 %i>%a"sin %a re#aion is $esi>ne$ o 2ro&oe %e 2*#i1 1onenien1e in %eineres o5 a##, i 1anno e $isre>ar$e$ " %e ae&2e$ e3er1ise o5 so&e1ii# ri>% %i1% in o%er 1ir1*&san1es o*#$ e eni#e$ o 2roe1ion.H

3 3 3

. 3 3 3 T%e 2rin1i2#e *n$er A&eri1an $o1rines as >ien*eran1e " !%ie5 J*si1e 9*>%es in %ese or$s< T%e *esion, i5 %eri>%s o5 5ree s2ee1% an$ 2ea1ea#e asse" are o e 2resere$, is noas o %e a*s2i1es *n$er %i1% %e &eein> is %e#$ * as o is 2*r2oseno as o %e re#aions o5 %e s2eaers, * %e%er %eir *eran1es

rans1en$ %e o*n$s o5 %e 5ree$o& o5 s2ee1% %i1% %e !onsi*ion2roe1s.H T%ere 1o*#$ e $an>er o 2*#i1 2ea1e an$ sa5e" i5 s*1% a>a%erin> ere &are$ " *r*#en1e. T%a o*#$ $e2rie i o5 is2ea1e5*# 1%ara1er. Een %en, on#" %e >*i#" 2aries s%o*#$ e %e#$a11o*na#e. I is r*e %a %e #i1ensin> o55i1ia#, %ere res2on$en Ma"or,is no $eoi$ o5 $is1reion in $eer&inin> %e%er or no a 2er&i o*#$ e>rane$. I is no, %oeer, *n5eere$ $is1reion. 8%i#e 2r*$en1ere*ires %a %ere e a rea#isi1 a22raisa# no o5 %a &a" 2ossi#" o11*r* o5 %a &a"probablyo11*r, >ien a## %e re#ean 1ir1*&san1es, si##%e ass*&2ion es2e1ia##" so %ere %e asse" is s1%e$*#e$ 5or as2e1i5i1 2*#i1 2#a1e is %a %e 2er&i &*s e 5or %e asse" ein>%e#$ %ere. T%e e3er1ise o5 s*1% a ri>%, in %e #an>*a>e o5 J*si1e

Roers, s2eain> 5or %e A&eri1an S*2re&e !o*r, is no o e ari$>e$on %e 2#ea %a i &a" e e3er1ise$ in so&e o%er 2#a1e.H

3 3 3

. B" a" o5 a s*&&ar". T%e a22#i1ans 5or a 2er&i o %o#$an asse" s%o*#$ in5or& %e #i1ensin> a*%ori" o5 %e $ae, %e 2*#i12#a1e where an$ %e i&e when i i## ae 2#a1e. I5 i ere a 2riae2#a1e, on#" %e 1onsen o5 %e oner or %e one eni#e$ o is #e>a#2ossession is re*ire$. S*1% a22#i1aion s%o*#$ e 5i#e$ e## a%ea$ ini&e o ena#e %e 2*#i1 o55i1ia# 1on1erne$ o a22raise %e%er %ere &a"e a#i$ o'e1ions o %e >ran o5 %e 2er&i or o is >ran * a ano%er

2*#i1 2#a1e. I is an in$is2ensa#e 1on$iion o s*1% re5*sa# or&o$i5i1aion %a %e 1#ear an$ 2resen $an>er es e %e san$ar$ 5or %e$e1ision rea1%e$. I5 %e is o5 %e ie %a %ere is s*1% an i&&inen an$>rae $an>er o5 a s*sanie ei#, %e a22#i1ans &*s e %ear$ on %e&aer. T%erea5er, %is $e1ision, %e%er 5aora#e or a$erse, &*s erans&ie$ o %e& a %e ear#ies o22or*ni". T%*s i5 so &in$e$, %e"1an %ae re1o*rse o %e 2ro2er '*$i1ia# a*%ori". Free s2ee1% an$2ea1ea#e asse", a#on> i% %e o%er ine##e1*a# 5ree$o&s, are%i>%#" rane$ in o*r s1%e&e o5 1onsi*iona# a#*es. I 1anno e oo


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sron>#" sresse$ %a on %e '*$i1iar", een &ore so %an on %e o%er$e2ar&ens ress %e >rae an$ $e#i1ae res2onsii#i" o5 ass*rin>res2e1 5or an$ $e5eren1e o s*1% 2re5erre$ ri>%s. No era# 5or&*#a, nosan1i5"in> 2%rase 1an, o5 1o*rse, $is2ense i% %a %as een so5e#i1iio*s#" er&e$ " J*si1e 9o#&es as %e soerei>n 2rero>aie o5

'*$>&en.H None%e#ess, %e 2res*&2ion &*s e o in1#ine %e ei>% o5

%e s1a#es o5 '*si1e on %e si$e o5 s*1% ri>%s, en'o"in> as %e" $o2re1e$en1e an$ 2ri&a1". 3 3 3.

B.P. No. as ena1e$ a5er %is !o*r ren$ere$ is $e1ision in $eyes.

T%e 2roisions o5 B.P. No. 2ra1i1a##" 1o$i5" %e r*#in> in $eyes a*%ori" o5 %e $ae, %e2*#i1 2#a1e wherean$ %e i&e wheni i##ae 2#a1e. I5 i ere a 2riae 2#a1e, on#"%e 1onsen o5 %e oner or %e one eni#e$o is #e>a# 2ossession is re*ire$. S*1%a22#i1aion s%o*#$ e 5i#e$ e## a%ea$ in i&eo ena#e %e 2*#i1 o55i1ia# 1on1erne$ o

a22raise %e%er %ere &a" e a#i$o'e1ions o %e >ran o5 %e 2er&i or o is>ran * a ano%er 2*#i1 2#a1e. I is anin$is2ensa#e 1on$iion o s*1% re5*sa# or&o$i5i1aion %a %e 1#ear an$ 2resen$an>er es e %e san$ar$ 5or %e $e1isionrea1%e$. I5 %e is o5 %e ie %a %ere iss*1% an i&&inen an$ >rae $an>er o5 as*sanie ei#, %e a22#i1ans &*s e%ear$ on %e &aer. T%erea5er, %is$e1ision, %e%er 5aora#e or a$erse, &*se rans&ie$ o %e& a %e ear#ies

o22or*ni". T%*s i5 so &in$e$, %e" 1an%ae re1o*rse o %e 2ro2er '*$i1ia#a*%ori".

B.P. No. ((7

SE!. ;. Permit when reqired andwhen not reqired. A rien 2er&is%a## e re*ire$ 5or an" 2erson or2ersons o or>anize an$ %o#$ a 2*#i1asse" in a 2*#i1 2#a1e. 9oeer, no2er&i s%a## e re*ire$ i5 %e 2*#i1asse" s%a## e $one or &a$e in a5ree$o& 2ar $*#" esa#is%e$ " #a oror$inan1e or in 2riae 2ro2er", in %i1%

1ase on#" %e 1onsen o5 %e oner or%e one eni#e$ o is #e>a# 2ossession isre*ire$, or in %e 1a&2*s o5 a>oern&enone$ an$ o2erae$e$*1aiona# insi*ion %i1% s%a## es*'e1 o %e r*#es an$ re>*#aions o5sai$ e$*1aiona# insi*ion. Po#ii1a#&eein>s or ra##ies %e#$ $*rin> an"e#e1ion 1a&2ai>n 2erio$ as 2roi$e$ 5or" #a are no 1oere$ " %is A1.

SE!. @. !pplication reqirements.

A## a22#i1aions 5or a 2er&i s%a## 1o&2#"i% %e 5o##oin> >*i$e#inesan$ s%a## in1#*$e %e na&es o5 %e#ea$ers or or>anizers %e 2*r2ose o5s*1% 2*#i1 asse" %e $ae, i&e an$$*raion %ereo5, an$ 2#a1e or srees oe *se$ 5or %e inen$e$ a1ii" an$ %e2roa#e n*&er o5 2ersons


23/33

2ari1i2ain>, %e rans2or an$ %e 2*#i1a$$ress s"se&s o e *se$.

() T%e a22#i1aion s%a## in1or2orae%e $*" an$ res2onsii#i" o5 a22#i1an*n$er Se1ion %ereo5.

(1) T%e a22#i1aion s%a## e 5i#e$ i%

%e o55i1e o5 %e &a"or o5 %e 1i" or&*ni1i2a#i" in %ose '*ris$i1ion %einen$e$ a1ii" is o e %e#$, a #eas5ie (@) orin> $a"s e5ore %es1%e$*#e$ 2*#i1 asse".

($) U2on re1ei2 o5 %e a22#i1aion,%i1% &*s e $*#" a1no#e$>e$ inriin>, %e o55i1e o5 %e 1i" or &*ni1i2a#&a"or s%a## 1a*se %e sa&e oi&&e$iae#" e 2ose$ a a 1ons2i1*o*s2#a1e in %e 1i" or &*ni1i2a# *i#$in>.

SE!. . !ction to be ta"en on theapplication.

(a) I s%a## e %e $*" o5 %e &a"or oran" o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5 o iss*e or>ran a 2er&i *n#ess %ere is 1#ear an$1onin1in> ei$en1e %a %e 2*#i1asse" i## 1reae a 1#ear an$ 2resen$an>er o 2*#i1 or$er, 2*#i1 sa5e",2*#i1 1onenien1e, 2*#i1 &ora#s or2*#i1 %ea#%.

() T%e &a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in%is e%a#5 s%a## a1 on %e a22#i1aion

i%in o (?) orin> $a"s 5ro& %e $ae%e a22#i1aion as 5i#e$, 5ai#in> %i1%,%e 2er&i s%a## e $ee&e$ >rane$.S%o*#$ 5or an" reason %e &a"or or an"o55i1ia# a1in> in %is e%a#5 re5*se oa11e2 %e a22#i1aion 5or a 2er&i, sai$a22#i1aion s%a## e 2ose$ " %ea22#i1an on %e 2re&ises o5 %e o55i1e o5%e &a"or an$ s%a## e $ee&e$ o %aeeen 5i#e$.

(1) I5 %e &a"or is o5 %e ie %a%ere is i&&inen an$ >rae $an>er o5 a

s*sanie ei# arranin> %e $enia# or&o$i5i1aion o5 %e 2er&i, %e s%a##i&&e$iae#" in5or& %e a22#i1an %o&*s e %ear$ on %e &aer.

($) T%e a1ion on %e 2er&i s%a## e inriin> an$ sere$ on %e a22#i1aCni%in en"5o*r %o*rs.

(e) I5 %e &a"or or an" o55i1ia# a1in> in%is e%a#5 $enies %e a22#i1aion or


24/33

&o$i5ies %e er&s %ereo5 in %is 2er&i,%e a22#i1an &a" 1ones %e $e1ision inan a22ro2riae 1o*r o5 #a.

(5) In 1ase s*i is ro*>% e5ore %eMero2o#ian Tria# !o*r, %e M*ni1i2a#Tria# !o*r, %e M*ni1i2a# !ir1*i Tria#

!o*r, %e Re>iona# Tria# !o*r, or %eIner&e$iae A22e##ae !o*r, is$e1isions &a" e a22ea#e$ o %ea22ro2riae 1o*r i%in 5or"ei>% (;)%o*rs a5er re1ei2 o5 %e sa&e. Noa22ea# on$ an$ re1or$ on a22ea# s%a##e re*ire$. A $e1ision >ranin> s*1%2er&i or &o$i5"in> i in er&ssais5a1or" o %e a22#i1an s%a## ei&&e$iae#" e3e1*or".

(>) A## 1ases 5i#e$ in 1o*r *n$er %isse1ion s%a## e $e1i$e$ i%in en"

5o*r (?;) %o*rs 5ro& $ae o5 5i#in>. !ases5i#e$ %ere*n$er s%a## e i&&e$iae#"en$orse$ o %e e3e1*ie '*$>e 5or$is2osiion or, in %is asen1e, o %e ne3in ran.

(%) In a## 1ases, an" $e1ision &a" ea22ea#e$ o %e S*2re&e !o*r.

(i) Te#e>ra2%i1 a22ea#s o e 5o##oe$" 5or&a# a22ea#s are %ere" a##oe$.

I is er" 1#ear, %ere5ore, %a B.P. No. is no an aso#*e an o5 2*#i1

asseies * a resri1ion %a si&2#" re>*#aes %e i&e, 2#a1e an$ &anner o5 %e

asseies. T%is as a$ere$ o in )sme+a v. Comelec,?C?%ere %e !o*r re5erre$

o i as a 1onenne*ra#H re>*#aion o5 %e i&e, 2#a1e, an$ &anner o5 %o#$in> 2*#i1

asseies.?+C?+

A 5air an$ i&2aria# rea$in> o5 B.P. No. %*s rea$i#" s%os %a i re5ers o all

in$s o5 2*#i1 asseies??C?? %a o*#$ *se 2*#i1 2#a1es. T%e re5eren1e o #a5*#

1a*seH $oes no &ae i 1onenase$ e1a*se asseies rea##" %ae o e 5or #a5*#

1a*ses, o%erise %e" o*#$ no e 2ea1ea#eH an$ eni#e$ o 2roe1ion. Nei%er are

%e or$s o2inion,H 2roesin>H an$ in5#*en1in>H in %e $e5iniion o5 2*#i1 asse"

20

21

22


25/33

1onen ase$, sin1e %e" 1an re5er o an" s*'e1. T%e or$s 2eiionin> %e

>oern&en 5or re$ress o5 >riean1esH 1o&e 5ro& %e or$in> o5 %e !onsi*ion, so is

*se 1anno e aoi$e$. Fina##", &a3i&*& o#eran1e is 5or %e 2roe1ion an$ ene5i o5

a## ra##"iss an$ is in$e2en$en o5 %e 1onen o5 %e e32ressions in %e ra##".

F*r%er&ore, %e 2er&i 1an on#" e $enie$ on %e >ro*n$ o5 1#ear an$ 2resen

$an>er o 2*#i1 or$er, 2*#i1 sa5e", 2*#i1 1onenien1e, 2*#i1 &ora#s or 2*#i1 %ea#%.

T%is is a re1o>nize$ e31e2ion o %e e3er1ise o5 %e ri>% een *n$er %e Uniersa#

De1#araion o5 9*&an Ri>%s an$ %e Inernaiona# !oenan on !ii# an$ Po#ii1a#

Ri>%s, %*s%s an$ 5ree$o&s &a" in no 1ase e e3er1ise$

1onrar" o %e 2*r2oses an$ 2rin1i2#es o5 %e Unie$ Naions.

95e International Co4enant on Ci4il and Politi3al $ig5ts

Ari1#e +-.

+. Eer"one s%a## %ae %e ri>% o %o#$ o2inions i%o*iner5eren1e.

?. ?. Eer"one s%a## %ae %e ri>% o 5ree$o& o5e32ression %is ri>% s%a## in1#*$e 5ree$o& o see, re1eie an$ i&2ar


26/33

in5or&aion an$ i$eas o5 a## in$s, re>ar$#ess o5 5roniers, ei%er ora##", inriin> or in 2rin, in %e 5or& o5 ar, or %ro*>% an" o%er &e$ia o5 %is1%oi1e.

/. /. T%e e3er1ise o5 %e ri>%s 2roi$e$ 5or in

2ara>ra2% ? o5 %is ari1#e 1arries i% i s2e1ia# $*ies an$

res2onsii#iies. I &a" %ere5ore e s*'e1 o 1erain resri1ions, *%ese s%a## on#" e s*1% as are 2roi$e$ " #a an$ are ne1essar"%s or

re2*aions o5 o%ers() () For %e 2roe1ion o5 naiona#

se1*ri" or o5 2*#i1 or$er (or$re 2*#i1), or o5 2*#i1 %ea#%or &ora#s.

!onrar" o 2eiionerOs 1#ai&, %e #a is er" 1#ear an$ is no%ere a>*e in is

2roisions. P*#i1H $oes no %ae o e $e5ine$. Is or$inar" &eanin> is e##non.

8eserOs Di1ionar" $e5ines i, %*s


27/33

Ma"or %as %e sa&e 2oer in$e2en$en#" *n$er Re2*#i1 A1 No. +?;C?;is %*s no

ne1essar" o reso#e in %ese 2ro1ee$in>s, an$ as no 2*rs*e$ " %e 2aries in %eir

ar>*&ens.

Fina##", 5or %ose %o 1anno ai, Se1ion +@ o5 %e #a 2roi$es 5or an

a#ernaie 5or*& %ro*>% %e 1reaion o5 5ree$o& 2ars %ere no 2rior 2er&i is nee$e$

5or 2ea1e5*# asse" an$ 2eiion a an" i&es *2 %e 2oin, %oeer, o5 1o&2#ian1e i% %is 2roision.

T%e So#i1ior Genera# sae$ $*rin> %e ora# ar>*&ens %a, o %is no#e$>e,

on#" !e* !i" %as $e1#are$ a 5ree$o& 2ar F*ene 0s&ea.

T%a o5 Mani#a, %e S*nen Gar$ens, %as sin1e een 1onere$ ino a >o#5 1o*rse, %e

a$$e$.

I5 %is is so, %e $e>ree o5 oseran1e o5 B.P. No. Os &an$ae %a eer" 1i"

an$ &*ni1i2a#i" se asi$e a 5ree$o& 2ar i%in si3 &on%s 5ro& is e55e1ii" in +-@,

or ? "ears a>o, o*#$ e 2a%ei1 an$ re>rea#e. T%e &aer a22ears o %ae een

aen 5or >rane$ a&i$s %e se## o5 5ree$o& %a rose 5ro& %e 2ea1e5*# reo#*ion o5

+-.

!onsi$erin> %a %e e3isen1e o5 s*1% 5ree$o& 2ars is an essenia# 2ar o5 %e

#aOs s"se& o5 re>*#aion o5 %e 2eo2#eOs e3er1ise o5 %eir ri>% o 2ea1e5*##" assee

an$ 2eiion, %e !o*r is 1onsraine$ o r*#e %a a5er %ir" (/) $a"s 5ro& %e 5ina#i" o5

24


28/33

%is De1ision, no 2rior 2er&i &a" e re*ire$ 5or %e e3er1ise o5 s*1% ri>% in an" 2*#i1

2ar or 2#aza o5 a 1i" or &*ni1i2a#i" *ni# %a 1i" or &*ni1i2a#i" s%a## %ae 1o&2#ie$

i% Se1ion +@ o5 %e #a. For i%o* s*1% a#ernaie 5or*&, o $en" %e 2er&i o*#$

in e55e1 e o $en" %e ri>%. A$an1e noi1es s%o*#$, %oeer, e >ien o %e

a*%oriies o ens*re 2ro2er 1oor$inaion an$ or$er#" 2ro1ee$in>s.

T%e !o*r no 1o&es o %e &aer o5 %e !PR. As sae$ ear#ier, %e So#i1ior

Genera# %as 1on1e$e$ %a %e *se o5 %e er& s%o*#$ no e $is1onin*e$, sin1e i

$oes no &ean an"%in> o%er %an %e &a3i&*& o#eran1e 2o#i1" se 5or% in B.P. No.

. T%is is sae$ in %e A55i$ai o5 res2on$en E3e1*ie Se1rear" E$*ar$o Er&ia,

s*&ie$ " %e So#i1ior Genera#, %*s a*%oriies s%a## osere $*rin> a 2*#i1 asse" or in %e$is2ersa# o5 %e sa&e.H Un5or*nae#", %oeer, %e 2%rase &a3i&*&o#eran1eH %as a1*ire$ a $i55eren &eanin> oer %e "ears. Man" %aeaen i o &ean ina1ion on %e 2ar o5 #a en5or1ers een in %e 5a1e o5&a"%e& an$ serio*s %reas o 2*#i1 or$er. More so, o%er 5e# %a %e"nee$ no o%er se1*re a 2er&i %en %o#$in> ra##ies %inin> %is o*#$e o#erae$.H !#ear#", %e 2o2*#ar 1onnoaion o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1eH%as $e2are$ 5ro& is rea# essen1e *n$er B.P. B#>. .

+@. +@. I s%o*#$ e e&2%asize$ %a %e 2o#i1" o5

&a3i&*& o#eran1e is 2roi$e$ *n$er %e sa&e #a %i1% re*ires a##2*i1 asseies o %ae a 2er&i, %i1% a##os %e $is2ersa# o5 ra##iesi%o* a 2er&i, an$ %i1% re1o>nizes 1erain insan1es %en aer1annons &a" e *se$. T%is 1o*#$ on#" &ean %a &a3i&*& o#eran1eH isno in 1on5#i1 i% a no 2er&i, no ra##" 2o#i1"H or i% %e $is2ersa# an$*se o5 aer 1annons *n$er 1erain 1ir1*&san1es 5or in$ee$, %e&a3i&*& a&o*n o5 o#eran1e re*ire$ is $e2en$en on %o 2ea1e5*# or*nr*#" a &ass a1ion is. 0*r #a en5or1ers s%o*#$ 1a#irae %eirres2onse ase$ on %e 1ir1*&san1es on %e >ro*n$ i% %e ie o2ree&2in> %e o*rea o5 io#en1e.

+. +. T%*s, 5en I stated t5at 3ali-rated ;ree*;ti4e

res;onse is -eing en6or3ed in lieu o6 *a2i*u* toleran3e I 3learlyas not re6erring to its legal de6inition -ut to t5e distorted and *u35a-used de6inition t5at it 5as no a3


29/33

ould 5en3e6ort5 6ollo it to t5e letter. 95us I said, we haveinstructed the PNP as well as the local government units to strictlyenforce a no permit no rally policy ! ! ! arrest all persons violatingthe laws of the land ! ! ! unlawful mass actions will "e dispersed!#None o6 t5ese is at logger5eads it5 t5e letter and s;irit o6 BatasPa*-ansa Blg. ((7. I is %*s as*r$ 5or 1o&2#ainans o een 1#ai&

%a I or$ere$ &" 1ores2on$ens o io#ae an" #a.?@C?@

A an" rae, %e !o*r r*#es %a in ie o5 %e &a3i&*& o#eran1e &an$ae$ "

B.P. No. , !PR seres no a#i$ 2*r2ose i5 i &eans %e sa&e %in> as &a3i&*&

o#eran1e an$ is i##e>a# i5 i &eans so&e%in> e#se. A11or$in>#", %a is o e 5o##oe$ is

an$ s%o*#$ e %a &an$ae$ " %e #a ise#5, na&e#", &a3i&*& o#eran1e, %i1%

s2e1i5i1a##" &eans %e 5o##oin>ree o5resrain %a %e &i#iar", 2o#i1e an$ o%er 2ea1e ee2in> a*%oriies s%a##osere $*rin> a 2*#i1 asse" or in %e $is2ersa# o5 %e sa&e.

3 3 3

SE!. -. %on&interference by law enforcement athorities. Laen5or1e&en a>en1ies s%a## no iner5ere i% %e %o#$in> o5 a 2*#i1asse". 9oeer, o a$e*ae#" ens*re 2*#i1 sa5e", a #a

en5or1e&en 1onin>en *n$er %e 1o&&an$ o5 a res2onsi#e 2o#i1eo55i1er&a" e $eai#e$ an$ saione$ in a 2#a1e a #eas one %*n$re$ (+)&eers aa" 5ro& %e area o5 a1ii" rea$" o &ainain 2ea1e an$ or$era a## i&es.

SE!. +. Police assistance when reqested. I s%a## e

i&2eraie 5or #a en5or1e&en a>en1ies, %en %eir assisan1e isre*ese$ " %e #ea$ers or or>anizers, o 2er5or& %eir $*ies a#a"s&in$5*# %a %eir res2onsii#i" o 2roi$e 2ro2er 2roe1ion o %osee3er1isin> %eir ri>% 2ea1ea#" o assee an$ %e 5ree$o& o5e32ression is 2ri&or$ia#. Toar$s %is en$, #a en5or1e&en a>en1ies

s%a## osere %e 5o##oin> >*i$e#inesen %o $ea# i%

%e $e&onsraors s%a## e in 1o&2#ee *ni5or& i% %eir na&e2#aes an$*nis o %i1% %e" e#on> $is2#a"e$ 2ro&inen#" on %e 5ron an$ $orsa#2ars o5 %eir *ni5or& an$ &*s osere %e 2o#i1" o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1eHas %erein $e5ine$

25


30/33

() T%e &e&ers o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## no

1arr" an" in$ o5 5irear&s * &a" e e*i22e$ i% aon or rio si1s,s%ie#$s, 1ras% %e#&es i% isor, >as &ass, oos or an#e %i>% s%oesi% s%in >*ar$s

(1) Tear >as, s&oe >rena$es, aer 1annons, or an" si&i#aranirio $ei1e s%a## no e *se$ *n#ess %e 2*#i1 asse" is aen$e$" a1*a# io#en1e or serio*s %reas o5 io#en1e, or $e#ierae $esr*1iono5 2ro2er".

ec. ++. Dispersal of pblic assembly with permit. No 2*#i1

asse" i% a 2er&i s%a## e $is2erse$. 9oeer, %en an asse"e1o&es io#en, %e 2o#i1e &a" $is2erse s*1% 2*#i1 asse" as5o##osn o5 i&2en$in> io#en1e, %e ranin> o55i1er

o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## 1a## %e aenion o5 %e #ea$ers o5

%e 2*#i1 asse" an$ as %e #aer o 2reen an" 2ossi#e$is*ran1e

() I5 a1*a# io#en1e sars o a 2oin %ere ro1s or o%er

%ar&5*# o'e1s 5ro& %e 2ari1i2ans are %ron a %e 2o#i1e or a %enon2ari1i2ans, or a an" 2ro2er" 1a*sin> $a&a>e o s*1% 2ro2er", %eranin> o55i1er o5 %e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## a*$i#" arn %e2ari1i2ans %a i5 %e $is*ran1e 2ersiss, %e 2*#i1 asse" i## e$is2erse$

(1) I5 %e io#en1e or $is*ran1e 2reai#in> as sae$ in %e2re1e$in> s*2ara>ra2% s%o*#$ no so2 or aae, %e ranin> o55i1er o5

%e #a en5or1e&en 1onin>en s%a## a*$i#" iss*e a arnin> o %e2ari1i2ans o5 %e 2*#i1 asse", an$ a5er a##oin> a reasona#e2erio$ o5 i&e o #a2se, s%a## i&&e$iae#" or$er i o 5or%i% $is2erse

($) No arres o5 an" #ea$er, or>anizer or 2ari1i2an s%a## a#soe &a$e $*rin> %e 2*#i1 asse" *n#ess %e io#aes $*rin> %easse" a #a, sa*e, or$inan1e or an" 2roision o5 %is A1. S*1%arres s%a## e >oerne$ " Ari1#e +?@ o5 %e Reise$ Pena# !o$e, asa&en$e$

($) ($) Iso#ae$ a1s or in1i$ens o5 $isor$er or rea1% o5%e 2ea1e $*rin> %e 2*#i1 asse" s%a## no 1onsi*e a >ro*n$ 5or$is2ersa#.

3 3 3

SE!. +?. Dispersal of pblic assembly withot permit. 8%en %e

2*#i1 asse" is %e#$ i%o* a 2er&i %ere a 2er&i is re*ire$, %esai$ 2*#i1 asse" &a" e 2ea1e5*##" $is2erse$.

SE!. +/. Prohibited acts. T%e 5o##oin> s%a## 1onsi*e

io#aions o5 %e A1


31/33

(e) (e) 0sr*1in>, i&2e$in>, $isr*2in> or o%erise

$en"in> %e e3er1ise o5 %e ri>% o 2ea1e5*# asse"

(5) (5) T%e *nne1essar" 5irin> o5 5irear&s " a &e&ero5 an" #a en5or1e&en a>en1" or an" 2erson o $is2erse %e 2*#i1

asse"

(>) A1s $es1rie$ %ere*n$er i5 1o&&ie$ i%in one %*n$re$(+) &eers 5ro& %e area o5 a1ii" o5 %e 2*#i1 asse" or on %eo11asion %ereo5 i% or ineniona##" $is*rin> %e

%o#$in> o5 a 2*#i1 asse" " %e *se o5 a &oore%i1#e, is %orns an$ #o*$ so*n$ s"se&s.

F*r%er&ore, %ere is nee$ o a$$ress %e si*aion a$ere$ o " 2eiioners

%ere &a"ors $o no a1 on a22#i1aions 5or a 2er&i an$ %en %e 2o#i1e $e&an$ a

2er&i an$ %e ra##"iss 1o*#$ no 2ro$*1e one, %e ra##" is i&&e$iae#" $is2erse$. In

s*1% a si*aion, as a ne1essar" 1onse*en1e an$ 2ar o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1e, ra##"iss

%o 1an s%o %e 2o#i1e an a22#i1aion $*#" 5i#e$ on a >ien $ae 1an, a5er o $a"s

5ro& sai$ $ae, ra##" in a11or$an1e i% %eir a22#i1aion i%o* %e nee$ o s%o a

2er&i, %e >ran o5 %e 2er&i ein> %en 2res*&e$ *n$er %e #a, an$ i i## e %e

*r$en o5 %e a*%oriies o s%o %a %ere %as een a $enia# o5 %e a22#i1aion, in %i1%

1ase %e ra##" &a" e 2ea1e5*##" $is2erse$ 5o##oin> %e 2ro1e$*re o5 &a3i&*&

o#eran1e 2res1rie$ " %e #a.

In s*&, %is !o*r reieraes is asi1 2o#i1" o5 *2%o#$in> %e 5*n$a&ena# ri>%s

o5 o*r 2eo2#e, es2e1ia##" 5ree$o& o5 e32ression an$ 5ree$o& o5 asse". In seera#

2o#i1" a$$resses, !%ie5 J*si1e Are&io 6. Pan>anian %as re2eae$#" oe$ o *2%o#$

%e #ier" o5 o*r 2eo2#e an$ o n*r*re %eir 2ros2eri". 9e sai$ %a in 1ases ino#in>

#ier", %e s1a#es o5 '*si1e s%o*#$ ei>% %eai#" a>ains %e >oern&en an$ in 5aor o5

%e 2oor, %e o22resse$, %e &ar>ina#ize$, %e $is2ossesse$ an$ %e ea. In$ee$,

#as an$ a1ions %a resri1 5*n$a&ena# ri>%s 1o&e o %e 1o*rs i% a %ea"


32/33

2res*&2ion a>ains %eir a#i$i". T%ese #as an$ a1ions are s*'e1e$ o 5eig5tened

s1r*in".H?C?

For %is reason, %e so1a##e$ 1a#irae$ 2ree&2ie res2onse 2o#i1" %as no 2#a1e

in o*r #e>a# 5ir&a&en an$ &*s e sr*1 $on as a $arness %a s%ro*$s 5ree$o&. I

&ere#" 1on5*ses o*r 2eo2#e an$ is *se$ " so&e 2o#i1e a>ens o '*si5" a*ses. 0n %e

o%er %an$, B.P. No. 1anno e 1on$e&ne$ as *n1onsi*iona# i $oes no 1*rai# or

*n$*#" resri1 5ree$o&s i &ere#" re>*#aes %e *se o5 2*#i1 2#a1es as o %e i&e,

2#a1e an$ &anner o5 asseies. Far 5ro& ein> insi$io*s, &a3i&*& o#eran1eH is 5or

%e ene5i o5 ra##"iss, no %e >oern&en. T%e $e#e>aion o %e &a"ors o5 %e 2oer o

iss*e ra##" 2er&isH is a#i$ e1a*se i is s*'e1 o %e 1onsi*iona##"so*n$ 1#ear an$

2resen $an>erH san$ar$.

In %is De1ision, %e !o*r >oes een one se2 5*r%er in sa5e>*ar$in> #ier" "

>iin> #o1a# >oern&ens a $ea$#ine o5 / $a"s i%in %i1% o $esi>nae s2e1i5i1

5ree$o& 2ars as 2roi$e$ *n$er B.P. No. . I5, a5er %a 2erio$, no s*1% 2ars are

so i$eni5ie$ in a11or$an1e i% Se1ion +@ o5 %e #a, all2*#i1 2ars an$ 2#azas o5 %e

&*ni1i2a#i" or 1i" 1on1erne$ s%a## in e55e1 e $ee&e$ 5ree$o& 2ars no 2rior 2er&i

o5 %aeer in$ s%a## e re*ire$ o %o#$ an asse" %erein. T%e on#" re*ire&en

i## e rien noi1es o %e 2o#i1e an$ %e &a"orOs o55i1e o a##o 2ro2er 1oor$inaion

an$ or$er#" a1iiies.

>8E$E?O$E, %e 2eiions are #$AN9ED in 2ar, an$ res2on$ens, &ore

2ari1*#ar#" %e Se1rear" o5 %e Inerior an$ Lo1a# Goern&ens, are DI$EC9EDo ae

a## ne1essar" se2s 5or %e i&&e$iae 1o&2#ian1e i% Se1ion +@ o5 Baas Pa&ansa

No. %ro*>% %e esa#is%&en or $esi>naion o5 a #eas one s*ia#e 5ree$o& 2ar

or 2#aza in eer" 1i" an$ &*ni1i2a#i" o5 %e 1o*nr". A5er %ir" (/) $a"s 5ro& %e

5ina#i" o5 %is De1ision, s*'e1 o %e >iin> o5 a$an1e noi1es, no 2rior 2er&i s%a## e

re*ire$ o e3er1ise %e ri>% o 2ea1ea#" assee an$ 2eiion in %e 2*#i1 2ars or2#azas o5 a 1i" or &*ni1i2a#i" %a %as no "e 1o&2#ie$ i% Se1ion +@ o5 %e #a.

F*r%er&ore, Cali-rated Pree*;ti4e $es;onse !CP$), inso5ar as i o*#$ 2*r2or o

$i55er 5ro& or e in #ie* o5 &a3i&*& o#eran1e, is NU++ an$/OID an$ res2on$ens are

ENJOINEDo $E?$AIN5ro& *sin> i an$ o S9$IC9+@ OBSE$/E%e re*ire&ens o5

26


33/33

&a3i&*& o#eran1e. T%e 2eiions are DISISSED in a## o%er res2e1s, an$ %e

CONS9I9U9IONA+I9@ o5 Baas Pa&ansa No. is SUS9AINED.

No 1oss.

SO O$DE$ED.

Documents

Bayan v. Ermita - 3