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英英 ,。 1. 英 2. 英 3. 英 英 ,。 4. George Dimopoulos 英 5. George Dimopoulos 英 1

BBC Learning Englishe107/mon2nd2… · Web viewOther researchers are working on ways to spread these genetically modified insects among mosquito populations. Professor Dimopoulos

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Page 1: BBC Learning Englishe107/mon2nd2… · Web viewOther researchers are working on ways to spread these genetically modified insects among mosquito populations. Professor Dimopoulos

Ⅰ 英文を聴いて,次の質問に答えなさい。

1. 毎年世界中で何人のマラリア患者が確認されていますか。

2. マラリアはどのように伝染していくのですか。

3. マラリアは治療すれば治るにもかかわらず,どのような問題があると指摘されていますか。

4. George Dimopoulosたちはどのような研究をしていますか。

5. George Dimopoulosはマラリアにはどのように対処しなければならないと述べていますか。

Ⅱ 次の単語を覚えましょう。

《綴りを覚える単語》seek: 捜し求めるweapon: 武器,対抗手段economic loss(es): 経済的損失amount to …: 総計で~に達するestimated: 推測の,推定のpopulation: 人口,(生物の)個体群transmit: 感染させる,伝染させるmosquito(es): 蚊exist: 生きている,生存するmajority: 過半数,大多数immune system: 免疫機構,免疫系ward off …: ~を防ぐ,よせつけないparasite: 寄生虫organism: 生物,有機体

inject A (into…): Aを(~に)注入するresistant: 耐久性のある,抵抗力のあるresist: 抵抗する,耐えるparticularly: 特に(immune) reaction: (免疫)反応manipulate: 操る,操作するconvert (A into B): (AをBに)変えるgenetic: 遺伝子のspecies: 種類genetically modified: 遺伝子操作されたcurrent: 現在の,現行のpromising: 見込みのある,有望なeffective (at …): (~に)効果的なidentify: 発見する,確認するsaliva: 唾,唾液diagnose: 診断する

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《意味を確認しておく単語》scientist: 科学者continue: 続けるmalaria: マラリアcase: 事例,患者in the hundreds of millions: 億単位worldwide: 世界中でaround …: 約,およそdisease: 病気economy: 経済associate professor: 準教授research: 研究institute: 研究所at risk of …: ~の危険性があってbe infected with …: ~に感染するThe sad thing is …: 悲しいことにenough to …: ~するのに十分infection: 感染,伝染cause: ~を引き起こすPlasmodium: プラスモジウムthrough …: ~を介してbite: 噛みつくことinfected: 感染した,伝染したtreat: ~を治療する,治すdrug: 薬,薬物way(s) to …: ~する方法kind(s): 種類spread: ~を広めるbe interested in …: ~に興味を持っているbe responsible for …: ~に寄与するonce …: いったん~するとhow they work: どのように機能するかgenetically: 遺伝子でresearcher: 研究者develop: 開発するknown to …: ~することで知られているcause A to …: (主語)のためAが~するattack: 攻撃するblock: 阻止する,妨害するdevelopment: 発達,発生,進展work on …: ~に取り組むinsect(s): 昆虫still: まだ,いまだに

there is a long way to go: 道のりは長いhighly: 極めて,高くvaccine: ワクチンfinal testing: 最終試験so far: これまではprove: ~と判明するprevent: 防ぐ,予防するthose vaccinated: 予防接種された人々more than ever before: かつてないほどにtest: 検査,試験instead of …: ~の代わりにblood: 血液effort: 努力,尽力control: 制御,管理mainly: 主としてbe based on …: ~に基づいているinsecticide spray: 殺虫剤スプレーtreated: 処理されたbed net: 蚊帳whatever: 何でもmultiple: 複数の,複合のmagic bullet: 特効薬

2

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捜し求める ___________________ seek ___________________

武器,対抗手段 ___________________ weapon ___________________

経済的損失 ___________________ economic loss(es) ___________________

総計で~に達する ___________________ amount to … ___________________

推測の,推定の ___________________ estimated ___________________人口,(生物の)個体群 ___________________ population ___________________感染させる,伝染させる ___________________ transmit ___________________

蚊 ___________________ mosquito(es) ___________________

生きている,生存する ___________________ exist ___________________

過半数,大多数 ___________________ majority ___________________

免疫機構,免疫系 ___________________ immune system ___________________~を防ぐ,よせつけない ___________________ ward off … ___________________

寄生虫 ___________________ parasite ___________________

生物,有機体 ___________________ organism ___________________

Aを(~に)注入する ___________________ inject A (into…) ___________________耐久性のある,抵抗力のある ___________________ resistant ___________________

抵抗する,耐える ___________________ resist ___________________

特に ___________________ particularly ___________________

(免疫)反応 ___________________ (immune) reaction ___________________

操る,操作する ___________________ manipulate ___________________

(AをBに)変える ___________________ convert (A into B) ___________________

遺伝子の ___________________ genetic ___________________

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種類 ___________________ species ___________________

遺伝子操作された ___________________ genetically modified ___________________現在の,現行の

___________________current

___________________

見込みのある,有望な ___________________ promising ___________________

(~に)効果的な ___________________ effective (at …) ___________________

発見する,確認する ___________________ identify ___________________

唾,唾液 ___________________ saliva ___________________

診断する ___________________ diagnose ___________________

scientist ___________________ 科学者 ___________________

continue ___________________ 続ける ___________________

malaria ___________________ マラリア ___________________

case ___________________ 事例,患者 ___________________in the hundreds of millions ___________________ 億単位 ___________________

worldwide ___________________ 世界中で ___________________

around … ___________________ 約,およそ ___________________

disease ___________________ 病気 ___________________

economy ___________________ 経済 ___________________

associate professor ___________________ 準教授 ___________________

research ___________________ 研究 ___________________

institute ___________________ 研究所 ___________________

at risk of … ___________________ ~の危険性があって ___________________

be infected with … ___________________ ~に感染する ___________________The sad thing is … 悲しいことに

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___________________ ___________________

enough to … ___________________ ~するのに十分 ___________________

infection ___________________ 感染,伝染 ___________________

cause ___________________ ~を引き起こす ___________________

Plasmodium ___________________ プラスモジウム ___________________

through … ___________________ ~を介して ___________________

bite ___________________ 噛みつくこと ___________________

infected ___________________ 感染した,伝染した ___________________

treat ___________________ ~を治療する,治す ___________________

drug ___________________ 薬,薬物 ___________________

way(s) to … ___________________ ~する方法 ___________________

kind(s) ___________________ 種類 ___________________

spread ___________________ ~を広める ___________________

be interested in … ___________________ ~に興味を持っている ___________________

be responsible for … ___________________ ~に寄与する ___________________

once … ___________________ いったん~すると ___________________

how they work ___________________ どのように機能するか ___________________

genetically ___________________ 遺伝子で ___________________

researcher ___________________ 研究者 ___________________

develop ___________________ 開発する ___________________

known to … ___________________~することで知られている ___________________

cause A to … ___________________(主語)のためAが~する ___________________

attack ___________________ 攻撃する ___________________

block ___________________ 阻止する,妨害する ___________________

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development ___________________ 発達,発生,進展 ___________________

work on … ___________________ ~に取り組む ___________________insect(s)

___________________昆虫

___________________

still ___________________ まだ,いまだに ___________________there is a long way to go ___________________ 道のりは長い ___________________

highly ___________________ 極めて,高く ___________________

vaccine ___________________ ワクチン ___________________

final testing ___________________ 最終試験 ___________________

so far ___________________ これまでは ___________________

prove ___________________ ~と判明する ___________________

prevent ___________________ 防ぐ,予防する ___________________

those vaccinated ___________________ 予防接種された人々 ___________________

more than ever before ___________________ かつてないほどに ___________________

test ___________________ 検査,試験 ___________________

instead of … ___________________ ~の代わりに ___________________

blood ___________________ 血液 ___________________

effort ___________________ 努力,尽力 ___________________

control ___________________ 制御,管理 ___________________

mainly ___________________ 主として ___________________

be based on … ___________________ ~に基づいている ___________________

insecticide spray ___________________ 殺虫剤スプレー ___________________

treated ___________________ 処理された ___________________

bed net ___________________ 蚊帳 ___________________whatever 何でも

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___________________ ___________________

multiple ___________________ 複数の,複合の ___________________

magic bullet ___________________ 特効薬 ___________________

Ⅲ 次の文を完成しなさい。1. 毎年,患者数は億単位です。

Each year the number of cases is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) worldwide.

2. その病気による経済的損失は,毎年のアフリカ経済の推定 1%に達します。Economic losses from the disease ( ) ( ) an estimated one percent of the African economy each year.

3. 地球上の人口の 42%が,マラリアを伝染させる蚊が生存している地域に住んでいます。Forty-two percent of the earth's population live in areas ( ) malaria ( ) mosquitoes exist.

4. 彼らの免疫機構はこの病気を防ぐほど強くはない。Their immune system is not strong ( ) ( ) ward off this infection.

5. マラリアは治療できるが,多くの地域でその寄生虫が様々な薬に対する耐性を持ってきた。Malaria can be treated, but in many areas the parasites have become ( ) ( ) different drugs.

6. George Dimopoulosと彼のチームは,蚊を寄生虫による病気に抵抗できるようにする方法を研究している。George Dimopoulos and his team are studying ( ) ( ) ( ) mosquitoes ( ) infection by the parasite.

7. 我々は,マラリア寄生虫を殺すことに寄与しているこれらの種類の免疫反応に特に興味があります。We are particularly ( ) ( ) these types of immune reactions that are ( ) ( ) killing the malaria parasite.

8. いったんそれらがどのように機能しているかを理解すれば,我々は蚊を遺伝的に操作することができるでしょう。( ) we understand ( ) ( ) ( ), we could be able to manipulate the mosquito genetically.

9. その研究者たちは,マラリアを広めることで知られる 3種類の蚊で遺伝子を変化させる方法を開発しました。The researchers have developed a way to make genetic changes in the three mosquito species (

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) ( ) spread malaria.

10. その変化のために,それらの(免疫)機構が寄生虫を攻撃し,その発達を阻止します。The changes ( ) their systems ( ) attack the parasite, ( ) its development.

11. 道のりはまだ長いが,現在のマラリア研究は極めて見込みがある。There is still ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), but current malaria research is highly promising.

12. これまでは予防接種をした人の半数でその病気を防ぐのに効果があると判明し,それはかつてないほどです。So far it has proven ( ) ( ) preventing the disease in half of those vaccinated – ( ) is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).

13. マラリアは,薬,ワクチン,蚊帳など研究者が見つけられるものなら何でも使って,攻撃される必要があります。Malaria needs to be attacked with drugs, with vaccines, with bed nets -- with ( ) researchers can find.

【文法の復習】 様々な関係代名詞 関係代名詞が果たしている役割は,① 前の名詞を「限定」するか,② 前の名詞に「説明」を加えるかのいずれかです。今日の記事の中では,次の文が①の例です。

Once we understand how they work, we could be able to manipulate the mosquito genetically and convert mosquitoes that can transmit malaria into mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria.「いったんそれらがどのように機能しているかを理解すれば,我々は蚊を遺伝的に操作し,マラリアを伝染させる蚊をマラリアを伝染させられない蚊に変えることができるでしょう。」

また②の用法の場合,直前の文全体に「説明」を加えることもあります。

So far it has proven effective at preventing the disease in half of those vaccinated -- which is more than ever before.「これまでは予防接種をした人の半数でその病気を防ぐのに効果があると判明し,それはかつてないほどです。」

 さらに,限定する名詞を含みこんでいる関係代名詞もあります。Malaria needs to be attacked with drugs, with vaccines, with bed nets -- with whatever researchers can find.「マラリアは,薬,ワクチン,蚊帳など研究者が見つけられるものなら何でも使って,攻撃される必要があります。」

whateverのwhatが「もの」という意味をふくみこんでいます。それぞれ例文をしっかり吟味して,理解してください。

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Ⅳ 次の空欄を埋めなさい。

Looking for New Ways to Fight MalariaScientists say current research shows different areas of promise.

This is the VOA Special English Development Report.

Scientists ( ) ( ) ( ) better ( ) ( ) malaria. Each year the number of cases is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) worldwide. ( ) ( ) ( ) people die, ( ) ( ) ( ) in Africa. ( ) ( ) from the disease ( ) ( ) an ( ) one percent of the ( ) ( ) each year.

George Dimopoulos is an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Malaria ( ) ( ) in Baltimore, Maryland.

GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "( ) percent of the earth's ( ) live in areas where malaria ( ) ( ) ( ). All of these people are in [at] risk of ( ) ( ) ( ) malaria. The ( ) thing is that the ( ) of people that are killed by malaria are ( ) because their ( ) ( ) is ( ) ( ) ( ) to ( ) ( ) this ( )."

Malaria is ( ) ( ) a ( ) called Plasmodium. The ( ) is ( ) ( ) people ( ) the ( ) of ( ) ( ). Malaria can be ( ), but in many areas the ( ) have become ( ) to different ( ).

George Dimopoulos and his team are studying ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) by the parasite. There are hundreds of kinds of ( ) in the world. Most ( ) ( ) ( ) malaria. Some have ( ) ( ) that kill Plasmodium.

GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "We are ( ) ( ) ( ) these types of ( ) ( ) that are ( ) ( ) killing the malaria parasite. Because we think ( ) we understand ( ) ( ) ( ), we could be able to ( ) the mosquito ( ) and ( ) mosquitoes that ( ) transmit malaria ( ) mosquitoes that ( ) transmit malaria."

The researchers have ( ) a way to ( ) ( ) ( ) in the three mosquito ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) malaria. The ( ) ( ) their ( ) to attack the ( ), ( ) its development. Other researchers are ( ) ( ) ways to spread these ( ) ( ) ( ) among mosquito ( ).

Professor Dimopoulos says ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), but ( ) malaria research is ( ) ( ).

A new vaccine is ( ) ( ) ( ). So far it has ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the disease in ( ) of ( ) ( ) – ( ) is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).

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And at the Malaria ( ) at Macha in Zambia, researchers are ( ) an ( ) way to ( ) malaria. The test uses ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) to ( ) the infection.

( ) ( ) in malaria control are mainly ( ) ( ) the use of insecticide sprays and ( ) bed nets. But George Dimopoulos says malaria ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) with ( ), with ( ), with bed nets -- with ( ) researchers can find.

GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "Malaria ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) with ( ) ( ). There is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) to ( ) this disease."

And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by June Simms. Transcripts and MP3s of our reports are at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Steve Ember.

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Looking for New Ways to Fight MalariaScientists say current research shows different areas of promise.

This is the VOA Special English Development Report.

Scientists continue to seek better weapons against malaria. Each year the number of cases is in the hundreds of millions worldwide. Around a million people die, most of them in Africa. Economic losses from the disease amount to an estimated one percent of the African economy each year.

George Dimopoulos is an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.

GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "Forty-two percent of the earth's population live in areas where malaria transmitting mosquitoes exist. All of these people are in [at] risk of being infected with malaria. The sad thing is that the majority of people that are killed by malaria are children because their immune system is not strong enough to ward off this infection."

Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium. The organism is injected into people through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Malaria can be treated, but in many areas the parasites have become resistant to different drugs.

George Dimopoulos and his team are studying ways to make mosquitoes resist infection by the parasite. There are hundreds of kinds of mosquitoes in the world. Most do not spread malaria. Some have immune systems that kill Plasmodium.

GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "We are particularly interested in these types of immune reactions that are responsible for killing the malaria parasite. Because we think once we understand how they work, we could be able to manipulate the mosquito genetically and convert mosquitoes that can transmit malaria into mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria."

The researchers have developed a way to make genetic changes in the three mosquito species known to spread malaria. The changes cause their systems to attack the parasite, blocking its development. Other researchers are working on ways to spread these genetically modified insects among mosquito populations.

Professor Dimopoulos says there is still a long way to go, but current malaria research is highly promising.

A new vaccine is in final testing. So far it has proven effective at preventing the disease in half of those vaccinated -- which is more than ever before.

And at the Malaria Institute at Macha in Zambia, researchers are developing an easier way to identify malaria. The test uses saliva instead of blood to diagnose the infection.

Current efforts in malaria control are mainly based on the use of insecticide sprays and treated bed nets. But George Dimopoulos says malaria needs to be attacked with drugs, with vaccines, with bed nets -- with whatever researchers can find.

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GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "Malaria needs to be attacked with multiple weapons. There is not one magic bullet to control this disease."

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小テスト 7—December 21, 2009—

1. 次の日本語を英語にしなさい。

(1) 感染させる,伝染させる

(2) 免疫機構,免疫系

(3) 耐久性のある,抵抗力のある

(4) 遺伝子操作された

2. 次の日本語の意味になるように,空欄に単語を入れなさい。

(5) 毎年,患者数は億単位です。

Each year the number of cases is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) worldwide.

(6) 道のりはまだ長いが,現在のマラリア研究は極めて見込みがある。

There is still ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , but current malaria research is highly promising.

3. 次の日本語を英語にしなさい。

(7) ある会社はすでに海岸線で育っている藻を使っている。

(8) 公衆衛生キャンペーンによって,ハンセン病(ライ病)は治癒でき,高い感染性があ

るわけではないというメッセージが広まっています。

4. 次の英語を書き取りなさい。

(9) George Dimopoulos and his team are studying ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) by the parasite.

(10) So far it has ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the disease in ( ) of ( ) ( ) – ( ) is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).

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復習テスト

1. 次の日本語を英語にしなさい。

(1)汚染物質

(2)液体の

(3)下水

(4)廃棄物

(5)熱帯林

2. 次の日本語の意味になるように,空欄に単語を入れなさい。

(6)自然な藻の繁殖と人間の活動が原因の藻の繁殖との違いを見分けるのは難しい。

It is difficult to ( ) the difference ( ) natural algae blooms and those ( ) by human activity.

(7)自然の繁殖を取り除くと,海洋生物のための貴重な食物を取り除いてしまうだろう。

Removing natural blooms ( ) remove valuable food for marine life.

(8)この腐敗の過程によって酸素が使い尽くされ,海洋生物が殺される。

This process of ( ) uses up oxygen and kills marine life.

(9)作業員たちは稚魚や他の小型の生物を吸い込まないように気をつけなければなり

ません。

Workers have to be careful ( ) ( ) suck up young fish or other small creatures.

3. 次の日本語を英語にしなさい。

(10)学校は何を教えているかを見直すだけでなく,学生たちが何を学んだかを評価さ

れるべきです。

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学籍番号 ____________  氏 名 _______________