BDwbU

2

¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I cÖv_©bv

f~wgKv :

¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ kã ywU mgv_©K| ms¯‹…Z ¯‘-avZz †_‡K G kã ywU G‡m‡Q| ¯‘-avZzi A_© cÖksmv Kiv| myZivs

¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ k‡ãi A_© cÖksmv| Ck¦‡ii ¸Y, ¶gZv, KxwZ© ev gwngv e¨³ K‡i cÖksmv Kivi bvg ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ |

¯Íe-†¯Ív·K ¯‘wZI ejv nq| †hgb Ñ M½v¯Íe, eªþ‡¯ÍvÎ, †`ex‡¯ÍvÎ, kÖxK…ò¯‘wZ BZ¨vw`|

Ck¦i RM‡Zi m„wóKZ©v, cvjbKZ©v I msnviKZ©v| A_©vr Zuvi B”Qv‡ZB gnvRM‡Zi mewKQz wbqwš¿Z n‡”Q|

Zuvi cÖwZ mevi i‡q‡Q Amxg fimv I wek¦vm|

wZwb Avgv‡`i Kj¨vY weavb K‡i _v‡Kb|

myZivs Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q Avgv‡`i DwPZ

Zuvi ¯‘wZ cvV Kiv|

cÖv_©bv k‡ãi A_© †Kv‡bv wKQz PvIqv| myZivs

Ck¦‡ii wbKU †Kv‡bv wKQz PvIqv‡K cÖv_©bv ejv

nq| †e`, Dcwbl`, cyivY, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ,

kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx cÖf…wZ ag©MÖ‡š’

Ck¦‡ii A‡bK my›`i my›`i ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I cÖv_©bv

i‡q‡Q| G BDwb‡U wn› yag©MÖš’ †_‡K K‡qKwU

¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ I evsjv cÖv_©bv mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

Qwe : cÖv_©bviZ

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq

BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 1 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n

cvV- 2:1 : ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ

cvV- 2:2 : †e` I Dcwbl‡`i gš¿

cvV- 2:3 : kªxg™¢Me &MxZv I kªxkªxPÛxi †køvK

cvV- 2:4 : evsjv cÖv_©bv

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-17

cvV-2.1 ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

†e`, Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx †_‡K M„nxZ Íe¸‡jv ï× D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ei evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖ‡Z¨K ͇ei Drm wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã/

(Key Words)

†e`, Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&&MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx, ‘wZ, mn¯ªv¶:, Z¡gvw`, AbšÍiƒc BZ¨vw`|

1| †e` :

mn¯ªkxl©v cyiylt mn¯ªv¶t mn¯ªcvr|

m f~wgs wek¦‡Zv e„Z¡vAZ¨wZôÏkv½yjg& \

(FM&‡e` 10/90/1)

kãv_© I UxKv :

mn¯ªkxl©v Ñ AmsL¨ g¯—K wewkó ; mn¯ªcvr Ñ AmsL¨ cv wewkó ; wek¦Zt e„Z¡v Ñ me w`‡K e¨vß ;

f~wgs Ñ RMr‡K ; m Ñ wZwb; cyiylt Ñ GLv‡b cyiyl ej‡Z cig cyiyl ev Ck¦i‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

AZ¨wZôÏkv½yjg& Ñ AwZ+AwZôr+`k+Av½yjg&;

FM&‡e` 10/90/1 Ñ GB m‡¼‡Zi Øviv †evSvq, FM&‡e‡`i `kg gÛ‡ji beŸBZg m~‡³i cÖ_g †køvK|

evsjv A_© : Ck¦‡ii mn¯ª g¯ÍK, mn¯ª P¶z I mn¯ª PiY| wZwb mg¯Í wek¦‡K e¨vß K‡i wek¦ A‡c¶v `k Av½ywj

cwigvY AwZwi³ n‡q Ae¯’vb K‡ib|

2| Dcwbl` :

me©Zt cvwYcv`šÍr me©‡Zvnw¶wk‡ivgyLg& | me©Zt kÖywZg‡jøv‡K me©gve„Z¨ wZôwZ \ (†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl`, 3/16)

kãv_© I UxKv :

me©Zt Ñ me©Î, mKj; cvwYcv`g&Ñ n¯Í I c`; Aw¶wk‡ivgyLg&Ñ P¶z, g¯ÍK I gyL; kÖywZg‡jøv‡KÑ kÖywZgr+†jv‡K

(KY©+RM‡Z), me©gve„Z¨Ñ me©g&+Ave„Z¨ (mewKQz‡Z cwie¨vß), wZôwZÑ we`¨gvb Av‡Qb|

mijv_© :

mKj cÖvYxi n¯Í I c` ZuviB A_©vr eª‡þiB, mKj Rx‡ei P¶z, g¯ÍK Ges g~yyL ZuviB Ges mKj cÖvYxi KY©I ZuviB|

RM‡Z wZwb cÖvYxi †`‡n AvZ¥viƒ‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges mewKQz‡ZB cvwie¨vß Av‡Qb|

3| kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv :

Z¡gvw`‡`et cyiylt cyivY-

¯—¡gm¨ wek¦m¨ cis wbavbg&|

†eËvwm †e`¨Â ci avg

Z¡qv ZZs wek¦gbšÍiƒc \

(MxZv 11/38)

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-18

kãv_© I UxKv :

cyivY¯—¡gm¨ Ñ cyivYt+Z¡g&+Am¨; Z¡gvw`‡`et Ñ Z¡g&&+Avw`‡`et (Zzwg Avw` †`eZv); cyivYt Ñ mbvZb; Z¡qvÑ

†Zvgvi Øviv; wek¦gbš—iƒc- wek¦g&+Abš—iƒc (†n AbšÍiƒc); †eËvwm (†eËv + Awm )- ÁvZv nb; ZZg& - e¨vß;

†e`¨Â (†e`¨g+P) - Rvbvi+Ges; MxZv 11/38- m‡¼‡Zi A_© kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZvi wek¦iƒc`k©b‡hvM bvgK GKv`k

Aa¨v‡qi 38 msL¨K †køvK|

evsjv A_© : †n AbšÍiƒc, Zzwg Avw` †`e, Abvw` cyiyl Ges we‡k¦i GKgvÎ AvkÖq¯’vb| Zzwg mewKQz Rvb, †Zvgv‡KB

Rvb‡Z nq, Zzwg cig ¯’vb Ges RMr‡K ZzwgB cwiev¨ß K‡i AvQ|

4| kÖxkÖxPÛx :

hv †`ex me©f~‡Zly kw³iƒ‡cY msw¯’Zv|

bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ bv‡gv bgt \ (kÖxkÖxPÛx 5/32)

kãv_© I UxKv :

me©f~‡ZlyÑ mewKQzi †fZ‡i; msw¯’Zv Ñ w¯’Z, weivwRZ; bg¯Í‰m¨Ñ Zuv‡K bg¯‹vi;

kÖxkÖxPÛx 5/32- ms‡KZ Øviv †evSvq kÖxkÖxPÛxi cÂg Aa¨v‡qi 32 msL¨K †køvK|

evsjv A_© : †h †`ex mewKQzi †fZ‡i kw³iƒ‡c weivwRZ Av‡Qb, Zuv‡K bg¯‹vi, bg¯‹vi, evievi bg¯‹vi Kwi|

UxKv :

†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl` :

cÖavb ev‡ivwU Dcwbl‡`i g‡a¨ †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl` Ab¨Zg| GB Dcwbl` K…òhRy‡e©‡`i AšÍf©y³| †k¦Z A_© ï× I

Ak¦Zi A_© Bw›`ªq| A_©vr †k¦Zvk¦Zi k‡ãi fvev_© msh‡Zw›`ªq| Fwl †k¦Zvk¦Zi Gi cÖe³v| Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K

G‡mwQ, R‡b¥i ci Kvi Øviv Rxeb aviY KiwQ Ges aŸs‡mi c‡i †Kv_vq Avgv‡`i w¯’wZ n‡e Ñ GB wZbwU cÖkœ

†k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl‡`i cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welq iƒ‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

`ªóe¨ : †e`, Dcwbl` cÖf„wZ ˆew`K ag©MÖ‡š’i KweZv¸‡jv‡K ejv nq gš¿ Ges ˆew`K hy‡Mi cie©Zx Kv‡j ms¯‹…Z

fvlvq iwPZ ag©MÖ‡š’i KweZv¸‡jv‡K ejv nq †køvK|

Iu=A+D+g&| A=weòz , D= g‡nk¦i, g&= eªþv| myZivs Iu k‡ãi A_© eªþv, weòy I g‡nk¦i| A_©vr m„wó, cvjb I

msnviKZ©v Ck¦i| GB gš¿wU‡K cÖYe ejv nq|

mvims‡¶c :

FM&‡e`, †k¦Zvk¦Zi Dcwbl`, kÖxg™¢Me`&MxZv I kÖxkÖxPÛx †_‡K msKwjZ GB PviwU gš¿ I †køv‡K Ck¦‡ii ¸Y-

Kx©Zb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †køvK¸‡jv †_‡K cÖwZcbœ nq †h, Ck¦i me©Î cwie¨vß| Avgiv hv wKQz †`L‡Z cvw”Q, meB Zuvi

cÖKvk| Zuvi AbšÍ iƒc, AbšÍ ¸Y | wZwb kw³iƒ‡c me©Î weivwRZ| ZvB Avgiv Zuv‡K cÖYvg RvbvB|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-19

cvV-2.2 †e` I Dcwbl‡`i gš¿

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

ˆew`K cÖv_©bv¸‡jv h_vh_ Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖv_©bv-gš¿ ‡jvi evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

msKwjZ gš¿ ‡jvi AvKi MÖ‡š’i bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã/

(Key Words)

cÖv_©bv, wb`k©b, mgvbx, bveeZz, kvwšÍ, wRRxwe‡lr, bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í, FM&&‡e`, mvg‡e`, K‡Vvcwbl`,

C‡kvcwbl` BZ¨vw`|

welqe¯‘ :

†e` c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg ag©Mªš’| †e`‡K wn› ya‡g©i Avw` wb`k©b wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †e` Pvi fv‡M wef³

h_v: FM&‡e`, mvg‡e`, hRy‡e©` Ges A_e©‡e`| †e`‡K †K› ª K‡i †h ag©`k©b I mvwnZ¨ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zv

AZ¨š— g~j¨evb| c„w_exi cÖvPxb BwZnvm Rvbvi †¶‡ÎI G Mªš’mg~‡ni Øvi¯’ n‡Z nq| ZvB ag©xq Ges

HwZnvwmK Kvi‡Y Gi g~j¨ Acwimxg|

†e‡`i cÖv_©bv :

1| mgvbx e AvKzwZt mgvbv n„`qvwb et|

Mgvbg¯‘ †ev g‡bv h_v et mymnvmwZ \

(F‡M¦`, 10.191.4)

kãv_© I UxKv :

mgvbx Ñ mgvb, GK ; et Ñ †Zvgv‡`i ; AvKzwZt Ñ AwfcÖvq; ü`qvwb Ñ AšÍtKiY ;

evsjv A_© :

†Zvgv‡`i AwfcÖvq GK †nvK, AšÍtKiY GK †nvK, gb GK †nvK, †Zvgiv †hb me©vs‡k m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c GK gZ

nI|

†e‡`i cÖv_©bv :

2| AMœ Av hvwn exZ‡q

M„Yv‡bv ne¨`vZ‡q|

wb †nvZv mrwm ewn©wl \ (mvg‡e`, 1/1/1) UxKv :

mvg‡e‡`i gš¿mg~n g~jZ Mvb| G¸‡jv MvIqv n‡Zv| 1/1/1 m‡¼‡Zi Øviv mvg‡e‡`i c~e©vwP©‡Ki cÖ_g

Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g Kv‡Ûi cÖ_g gš¿ †evSvq|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-20

evsjv A_© :

†n AwMœ‡`e, Avb‡›`i Rb¨ G‡mv| ¯Íehy³ n‡q AvûwZfvi †`e‡jv‡K enb K‡i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ G‡mv| †n

†`eM‡Yi AvnŸvbKvix, Zzwg hÁvm‡b Dc‡ekb Ki|

Dcwbl‡`i cÖv_©bv :

1| Iu mn bveeZz, mn †bŠ fzb³z

mn exh©s Kieve‰n|

†ZRw¯ bveaxZg¯‘—, gv wewØlve‰n \

Iu kvwšÍt kvwšÍt kvwšÍt \

(K‡Vvcwbl`, kvwšÍgš¿)

kãv_© I UxKv :

bveeZz(†bŠ+AeZy), †bŠ Ñ Avgv‡`i| GLv‡b Avgv‡`i ej‡Z ¸iy-wkl¨ ev wk¶K I wk¶v_©x| wk¶K Zvi

wb‡Ri I wk¶v_©xi Df‡qi Rb¨ GKB mv‡_ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb| AeZy Ñ i¶v Kiyb; Kieve‰n Ñ jvf Ki‡Z

cvwi| bveaxZg¯‘ Ñ †bŠ+AaxZg&+A¯‘| bveaxZg& Ñ Avgv‡`i AaxZ we`¨v; †ZRw¯^ Ñ †ZRw¯; gv Ñ bv;

wewØlve‰n Ñ we‡Ølhy³, Avgiv †hb ci¯úi we‡Ølhy³ bv nB|

evsjv A_© : (eªþ) Avgv‡`i Dfq‡K mgfv‡e i¶v Kiyb| Dfq‡K mgfv‡e we`¨vdj `vb Kiyb| Avgiv †hb

mgfv‡e kw³gvb n‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡`i AaxZ we`¨v †ZR¯x †nvK| Avgiv †hb KvD‡K wnsmv bv Kwi|

Avgv‡`i weNœmg~‡ni kvwšÍ †nvK, kvwšÍ †nvK, kvwšÍ †nvK|

Dcwbl‡`i cÖv_©bv :

2| Kze©‡bœ‡en Kg©vwY wRRxwe‡lr kZs mgvt|

Ges Z¡wq bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í b Kg© wjc¨‡Z b‡i \

( C‡kvcwbl`-2)

kãv_© I UxKv :

Kze©‡bœ‡en Ñ Kye©b&+Ge+Bn (RM‡Z) ; Kg©vwY Ñ mKjKg©; wRRxwe‡lr Ñ RxweZ _vKvi B”Qv Ki‡e; kZs

mgvt Ñ kZ eQi; Z¡wq b‡i Ñ †Zvgv‡Z gvbyl; b Kg© wjc¨‡Z Ñ K‡g© wjß n‡e bv; BZt Ñ wfbœ, e¨ZxZ;

bvb¨‡_‡Zvnw¯Í (b+Ab¨_v+BZt+Aw¯—) Ñ G wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c_ †bB|

evsjv A_© :

G RMr msmv‡ii me KZ©e¨ Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i kZ eQi RxweZ _vKvi B”Qv †cvlY Ki‡e| †n gvbyl, G

cÖKv‡i Kg© Ki‡j Zzwg Kg©e܇b wjß n‡e bv| RM‡Z Kg© e¨ZxZ †eu‡P _vKvi wfbœ †Kv‡bv c_ †bB|

UxKv :

C‡kvcwbl` :

Dcwbl`wUi cÖ_g kã Ckv; GRb¨ G‡K C‡kvcwbl` ejv nq| C‡kvcwbl` ïK¬hRy‡e© Gi evRm‡bqx

mswnZvi †kl Aa¨vq| ZvB G‡K evRm‡bqx mswn‡Zvcwbl`I ejv nq| C‡kvcwbl`‡K †KD †KD me©cÖvPxb

Dcwbl` e‡j g‡b K‡ib| G Dcwbl‡` gvÎ 18wU gš¿ i‡q‡Q| gš¿ wji g‡a¨ we`¨v, Awe`¨v I K‡g©i

PgrKvi Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| ZvB GwU msw¶ß n‡jI ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ Gi ’vb A‡bK D‡”P|

K‡Vvcwbl` :

K‡Vvcwbl` GKwU AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb Dcwbl`| KV+Dcwbl` = K‡Vvcwbl`| GB Dcwbl`wU K…òhRy‡e©‡`i

ˆZwËixq kvLvi K‡Vv eªvþ‡Yi AšÍM©Z| G Rb¨ Gi bvg K‡Vvcwbl`| hg I bwP‡KZvi DcvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-21

GB Dcwbl‡` eªþwe`¨v Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| GwU 2wU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Ges cÖwZ Aa¨v‡q 3wU K‡i †gvU 6wU

ej�x i‡q‡Q| K‡Vvcwbl‡`i gš¿ msL¨v 119wU|

mvims‡¶c :

FM&‡e‡`i msKwjZ gš¿wU‡Z me©‡Zvfv‡e HK¨e× nIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvg‡e‡`i gš¿wU‡Z

AwMœ‡`e‡K AvûwZfvi †`e‡jvK wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡”Qb| K‡Vvcwbl‡`i kvwš—g‡š¿ Fwl

wb‡R‡K I Zuvi wkl¨MY‡K mgfv‡e i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Ges Zuv‡`i AaxZ we`¨vi DbœwZi Rb¨ eª‡þi wbKU

cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb| wZwb Awnsmvi Av`‡k© DØy× n‡ZI †P‡q‡Qb| C‡kvcwbl‡`i gš¿wU‡Z KZ©e¨ Kg© Kivi

ga¨ w`‡q kZ eQi †eu‡P _vKvi †Póv Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|

cvV-2.3 kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv I kÖxkÖxPÛxi †køvK

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv I kªxkªxPÛxi ms¯‹…Z †køvK¸‡jv ï×fv‡e Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwZwU †køv‡Ki evsjv A_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†køvK¸‡jvi Drm wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã/

(Key Words)

gnvfviZ, gvK©‡Ûq cyivY, mßkZx, K…ò‰Øcvqb e¨vm, MxZv, Áv‡bb, kÖ×vevb&, ki‡Y¨, bvivqwY;

kÖxg™¢Me &MxZv :

gnwl© K…ò‰Øcvqb e¨vm‡`e iwPZ gnvfvi‡Zi fx®§c‡e©i AšÍM©Z cuwPkZg Aa¨vq †_‡K weqvwjøkZg Aa¨vq ch©šÍ

†gvU AvV‡ivwU Aa¨v‡qi mvZkZ †køv‡Ki mgwó kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZv| G MÖ‡š’ mvZkZ †køvK _vKvi Rb¨ Gi Av‡iK bvg

mßkZx| Kziy‡¶Î hy‡×i cÖv°v‡j fMevb kÖxK…ò AR©yb‡K †hme K_v e‡j‡Qb ZviB bvg kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZv, ms‡¶‡c

MxZv| MxZv mKj Dcwbl‡`i mvie¯Íy Aej¤‡b iwPZ| MxZv MÖš’wU Ávb, Kg© I fw³‡hv‡Mi GK Ac~e© mgšq|

†Kej ag©Mªš’ iƒ‡c bq, `vk©wbK Kve¨Mªš’iƒ‡cI MxZv c„w_exi Ab¨Zg †kÖô Mªš’| GwU mbvZb ag©vej¤xM‡Yi wbZ¨

cwVZ ag©MÖš’|

kªxg™¢Me`&MxZvi †køvK :

1| b wn Áv‡bb m`„ks cweÎwgn we`¨‡Z|

Zr ¯qs †hvMmswm×t Kv‡jbvZ¥wb we›`wZ \

(MxZv, 4/38)

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-22

kãv_© I UxKv:

cweÎwgn (cweÎg&+Bn) Ñ RM‡Z cweÎ; Áv‡bb m`„ks Ñ Áv‡bi mgvb; b wn we`¨‡Z Ñ wbtm‡›`‡n wKQzB †bB;

Zr Ñ †mB Ávb; Kv‡jb Ñ mwVK mg‡q; †hvMmswm×t Ñ wm×MY; ¯qs Ñ wb‡R; AvZ¥wb Ñ AvZ¥v‡Z, we›`wZ Ñ

Abyfe K‡ib|

evsjv A_© : RM‡Z Áv‡bi g‡Zv cweÎKvix wKQzB wbtm‡›`‡n Avi †bB| †m Ávb‡K mwVK mg‡q †hvMwm×MY

wbR AvZ¥v‡Z Abyfe K‡ib|

2| kª×vevb& jf‡Z Ávbs Zrcit msh‡Zw›`ªqt|

Ávbs jäv civs kvwšÍgwP‡iYvwaM”QwZ \ (MxZv-4/39)

UxKv I kãv_© :

jf‡Z Ñ jvf K‡ib, Zrci Ñ mva‡b Zrci, msh‡Zw›`ªqt Ñ Bw›`ªq wel‡q mshZ, jäv Ñ jvf K‡i,

kvwšÍg& AwP‡iY AwaM”QwZ Ñ kxNÖB kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib |

mijv_© :

whwb kª×vevb, GKwbô mvab Zrci Ges wR‡Zw›`ªq wZwb Ávb jvf K‡ib| AvZ¥Ávb jvf K‡i kxNÖB wZwb cig

kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib|

3| wKixwUbs Mw`bs Pµn¯Íwg”Qvwg Z¡vs `ªózgns Z‰_e|

†Z‰be iƒ‡cY PZyf©y‡Rb mn¯ªev‡nv fe wek¦g~‡Z© \

(MxZv, 11/46)

kãv_© I UxKv :

wKixwUbs Ñ gyKzUhy³; Z¡vs Ñ †Zvgv‡K; Pµn¯Íwg”Qvwg Ñ Pµn¯Íg&+B”Qvwg(B”Qv Kwi)| `ªózgns(`ªózg&+ Ang&) Ñ Avwg

†`L‡Z B”Qv Kwi; †Z‰be Ñ †Zb+Ge; wek¦g~‡Z© Ñ †n wek¦ ^iƒc|

kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv 11/46- Gi Øviv kªxg™¢Me`&MxZvi wek¦iƒc`k©b bvgK GKv`k Aa¨v‡qi 46Zg †køvK †evSvq|

Dw³wU ARy©‡bi|

evsjv A_© : gyKzU cwiwnZ Ges M`v I Pµavix †Zvgvi c~‡e©i iƒcwU Avwg †`L‡Z B”Qv Kwi| †n mn¯ªevû, †n

wek¦ iƒc, Zzwg †mB PZzfy©R iƒc aviY Ki|

kÖxkªxPÛx :

kÖxkªxPÛx gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi AšÍM©Z| G‡Z mvZk gš¿ _vKvq Gi bvgI mßkZx| gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Yi 81 †_‡K 93

Aa¨vq ch©š— †Z‡ivwU Aa¨v‡qi bvgB ÒPÛxÓ| gvK©‡Ûq cyiv‡Y PÛxi bvg †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ò†`exgvnvZ¥¨Ó| PÛx‡Z

†`ex `yM©vi D™¢e I gwngv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PÛxI MxZvi g‡Zv wecyjfv‡e cwVZ ag©Mªš’| `yM©vc~Rvi mgq we‡Ûlfv‡e

PÛx cvV Kiv KZ©e¨|

kÖxkªxPÛxi †køvK :

1| me©g½jg½‡j¨ wk‡e me©v_©mvwa‡K|

ki‡Y¨ Ψ¤‡K †MŠwi bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z \ (11/10)

kãv_© I UxKv :

me©g½jg½‡j¨ Ñ mKj g½‡j g½j ¯iƒwcYx; wk‡e Ñ g½jgqx; me©v_©mvwa‡K(me©-A_©-mvwa‡K) Ñ mKj cÖKvi Afxó

mvwaKv; ki‡Y¨ Ñ kiY‡hvM¨v; Ψ¤‡K Ñ wÎbqbv; b‡gvn¯‘ †Z (bgt A¯‘y †Z) Ñ †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi|

A_© : †n bvivqYx, Zzwg mKj g½‡ji g½jKvwiYx, g½jgqx, me©cÖKvi Afxó mvwaKv, Avkªq¯iƒcv, wÎbqbv I †MŠix,

†Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi|

2| m„wów¯’wZwebvkvbvs kw³f~‡Z mbvZwb|

¸Yvkª‡q ¸Yg‡q bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z \ (11/11)

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-23

kãv_© :

m„wów¯’wZwebvkvbvs Ñ m„wó, w¯’wZ I webv‡ki ; kw³f~‡Z Ñ kw³¯iƒwcYx; mbvZwb Ñ wbZ¨, mZ¨¸‡Yi Avavi;

¸Yg‡q Ñ ¸Ygqx; bvivqwY Ñ bvivqYkw³, ˆeòex|

mijv_© :

†n m„wów¯’wZ webv‡ki kw³¯iƒwcYx, mbvZbx ¸‡Yi Avkªqf~Zv, ¸Ygqx I bvivqYx, †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi|

mvims‡¶c :

kªxg™¢Me`&MxZv †_‡K D×…Z 4/38-39 †køv‡K fMevb Áv‡bi †kÖôZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb Ges whwb kª×vevb,

mvabZrci wR‡Zw›`ªq wZwbB AvZ¥Ávb jvf K‡i cig kvwšÍ jvf K‡ib| 11/46 †køv‡K Z…Zxq cvÛe AR©yb

fMevb kÖxK…‡òi wek¦iƒc `k©b †k‡l Zuvi kvšÍ I w¯œ» PZzfy©R g~wZ© `k©‡bi cÖv_©bv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| kªxkªxPÛx †_‡K

DׄZ GKv`k Aa¨v‡qi `kg I GKv`k †køv‡K g½j`vÎx I m„wó, w¯’wZ Ges webv‡ki †`ex PÛx‡K bg¯‹vi

Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

cvV-2.4 evsjv cÖv_©bv

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

ï× D”Pvi‡Y msKwjZ evsjv cÖv_©bv wZbwU Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖv_©bv wZbwUi fvev_© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖv_©bv wZbwUi iPwqZvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã/

(Key Words)

AšÍi, wbg©j, weKwkZ, PiYcÙ, mvšÍ¦bv, wec`, eÂbv, evwi, evmbv, weZi, †cÖg, kvwšÍ, c~Y©,

g½j, cÖfz, ZviKv, Zcb BZ¨vw`|

welqe¯‘ :

1| Aš—i gg weKwkZ K‡iv AšÍiZi †n-

wbg©j K‡iv, D¾¡j K‡iv, my›`i K‡iv †n \

RvMÖZ K‡iv, D`¨Z K‡iv, wbf©q K‡iv †n|

g½j K‡iv, wbijm wbtmskq K‡iv †n \

hy³ K‡iv †n mevi m‡½, gy³ K‡iv †n eÜ|

mÂvi K‡iv mKj K‡g© kvšÍ †Zvgvi Q›` \

PiYc‡Ù gg wPZ wb¯úw›`Z K‡iv †n|

bw›`Z K‡iv, bw›`Z K‡iv, bw›`Z K‡iv †n \

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-24

(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)

kãv_© I UxKv :

D`¨Z Ñ D`¨gkxj, cÖe„Ë, Dš§yL; wb¯úw›`Z Ñ w¯’i, AwePj; bw›`Z Ñ Avbw›`Z, †ZvwlZ|

mÂvi Ñ mÂvjb, MwZ BZ¨vw`| eÜ- euvab|

fvev_© :

†n AšÍh©vgx, Zzwg Avgvi ü`q ïå, my›`i I D¾¡jiƒ‡c weKwkZ K‡i †Zvj| Avgv‡K m‡PZb I D`¨gx

K‡iv; Avgvi fq, mskq I AjmZv ~i K‡i g½j weavb K‡iv| Avgv‡K eÜb †_‡K gy³ K‡i mevi m‡½

†Zvgvi kvšÍ Q›`gq mKj K‡g© hy³ K‡iv| †Zvgvi PiYc‡Ù Avgvi ü`q AwePj K‡i Avb›` weavb K‡iv|

2| wec‡` †gv‡i i¶v K‡iv G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bvÑ

wec‡` Avwg bv †hb Kwi fq|

ytLZv‡c e¨w_Z wP‡Z bvB ev w`‡j mvšÍ¡bv,

yt‡L †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq \

mnvq †gvi bv hw` Ry‡U wb‡Ri ej bv †hb Uz‡U-

msmv‡i‡Z NwU‡j ¶wZ, jwf‡j ïay eÂbv,

wb‡Ri g‡b bv †hb gvwb ¶q \

Avgv‡i Zzwg Kwi‡e ÎvY G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bvÑ

Zwi‡Z cvwi kKwZ †hb iq|

Avgvi fvi jvNe Kwi bvB ev w`‡j mvšÍ¡bv,

ewn‡Z cvwi Ggwb †hb nq \

b¤ªwk‡i my‡Li w`‡b †Zvgvwi gyL jBe wP‡b Ñ

y‡Li iv‡Z wbwLj aiv †h w`b K‡i eÂbv

†Zvgv‡i †hb bv Kwi mskq \

(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)

kãv_© I UxKv:

Zwi‡Z Ñ cvi n‡Z; ÎvY Ñ D×vi, cwiÎvY; ytLZv‡c Ñ y†Li Av¸‡b: Uy‡U Ñ P~Y© ev †f‡O: mnvq Ñ

mvnvh¨, kKwZ Ñ kw³, ej; b¤ªwk‡i Ñ bZ g¯Í‡K; wbwLj aiv Ñ mg¯Í c„w_ex; eÂbv Ñ cÖZviYv|

fvev_© :

wec‡` Avgv‡K i¶v K‡iv I yt‡L mvšÍ¦bv `vI GgbUv PvB bv, PvB wec‡` Avwg †hb fq bv cvB Ges yt‡L

†hb Rq Ki‡Z cvwi; RMr msmv‡i hw` eÂbv I ¶wZi wkKvi nB Ges †KD hw` mnvq bv nq Zey †hb

g‡bvej AUzU _v‡K| Avgv‡K Zzwg cwiÎvY K‡iv, wbf©vi K‡iv Ggb PvB bv, †Zvgvi Kv‡Q cÖfy PvB wec`

AwZµg‡Yi I fvien‡bi kw³| ytmg‡q hw` mevB eÂbvI K‡i †Zvgvi cÖwZ †hb mskqnxb _vwK Ges

mymg‡q b¤ªwk‡i †Zvgv‡K †hb eiY K‡i †bB|

3| ewil aiv-gv‡S kvwšÍi evwi

ﮋ ü`q j‡q Av‡Q uvovB‡q

EaŸ©gy‡L bi-bvix \

bv _v‡K AÜKvi, bv _v‡K †gvncvc,

bv _v‡K †kvK-cwiZvc|

ü`q wegj †nvK, cÖvY mej †nvK,

weNœ `vI Acmvwi \

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-25

†Kb G wnsmv‡Øl, †Kb G QÙ‡ek,

†Kb G gvb-Awfgvb|

weZi, weZi †cÖg cvlvY ü`‡q,

Rq, Rq †nvK †Zvgvwi \

(iex› ªbv_ VvKzi, MxZweZvb)

kãv_© I UxKv :

ewil Ñ el©Y K‡iv; evwi Ñ Rj; †gvncvc Ñ †gvnRwbZ cvc; Acmvwi Ñ AcmviY K‡i; QÙ‡ek Ñ Qjbvi

iƒc; cvlvY Ñ wbôzi ; weZi Ñ weZiY Ki|

fvev_© :

wnsmv-we‡Øl I cvc-Zv‡c cwic~Y© GB c„w_ex‡Z AvR kvwš— †bB| gvby‡li wbim ü`‡q KiyYv †bB; †n

Ck¦i †Zvgvi Acvi AbyMÖ‡n gvby‡li g‡a¨ hw` gvqv-gZZv, †¯œn-fv‡jvevmv cÖf„wZ gvbweK Abyf~wZ¸‡jvi

cÖKvk I weKvk N‡U Zvn‡j c„w_ex Avevi kvwšÍgq GK evm‡hvM¨ f~wg‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e| †n †cÖggq

mK‡ji g½j weavbKvix, †Zvgvi Rq †nvK|

4| Zzwg wbg©j Ki g½j K‡i

gwjb gg© gyQv‡q ;

Ze cyY¨ wKiY w`‡q hvK †gvi

†gvn-Kvwjgv NyPv‡q|

j¶¨k~b¨ j¶-evmbv

QzwU‡Q Mfxi Auvav‡i,

Rvwb bv KLb Wz‡e hv‡e †Kvb

AK~j Mij-cv_v‡i|

cÖfy, wek¦-wec`-nšÍv

Zzwg uvovI iywaqv cš’v ;

Ze kÖxPiYZ‡j wb‡q Gm †gvi

gË evmbv ¸Qv‡q|

AvQ Abj-Awj‡b, wPi b‡fvbx‡j,

f~ai-mwjj-Mn‡b,

AvQ weUcx-jZvq, Rj‡`i Mvq,

kkx ZviKvq Zc‡b|

Avwg bq‡b emb euvwaqv

e‡m Auvav‡i gwi †Mv Kuvw`qv,

Avwg †`wL bvB wKQy, eywS bvB wKQz,

`vI †n †`Lv‡q eySv‡q \

(iRbxKvšÍ †mb)

kãv_© I UxKv :

j¶¨ k~b¨ Ñ D‡Ïk¨nxb; cš’v Ñ c_, Dcvq; Mij Ñ wel; cv_vi Ñ mvMi, mgy ª; Abj Ñ Av¸b; Awbj Ñ

evZvm; b‡fvbx‡j Ñ bxj AvKv‡k; f‚ai Ñ ce©Z; weUcx Ñ e„¶; Rj` Ñ †gN; gg© Ñ ü`q, AšÍi|

fvev_© :

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-26

AšÍnxb Kvgbv-evmbvgq GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖK…Z kvwšÍ weij| †fvMvKv•¶vi mn‡R wbe„wË N‡U bv e‡j gvby‡li

cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwßi gv‡S Ac~Y©Zv †_‡K hvq| d‡j †m cÖwZwbqZ ytL †fvM K‡i| G †_‡K gyw³i GKgvÎ

Dcvq wek¦ ªóv kÖxfMev‡bi cv`c‡Ù wb‡R‡K mgc©Y Kiv| Ck¦‡ii ivZzj Pi‡Y wb‡R‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡Z

cvi‡jB †ivM-†kvK I cvc-Zv‡c cwic~Y© GB cw¼j c„w_ex‡Z cÖK„Z kvwšÍ jvf Kiv hvq|

mvims‡¶c :

cÖ_g cvVwU‡Z fq, mskq I AjmZv `~i K‡i wb‡Ri AšÍi ïå, my›`iiƒ‡c weKwkZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡bv

nq| wØZxq cvVwU‡Z RM‡Zi wec‡` †e`bvq, `ytLZv‡c Ges bvbv ai‡bi eÂbv I ¶wZi †gvKvwejvq AvZ¥kw³

jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ges ¯ªóvi AUj wek¦v‡mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq I PZz_© cÖv_©bvq wnsmv-we‡Øl, cv‡c-Zv‡c

c~Y© c„w_exi gvby‡li Rb¨ kvwšÍ Ges Kvgbvi cv‡k Ave× gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Rvbv‡bv

n‡q‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-2.

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b

1. FM&‡e‡`i cÖv_©bv gš¿wU †Kvb gÛj †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q ?

K. cÖ_g L. PZz_©

M. `kg N. wØZxq

2. MxZvi PZz_© Aa¨v‡qi 38Zg †køvKwU Kvi Dw³?

K. AR©y‡bi L. a„Ziv‡óªi

M. mćqi N. kªxK…‡òi

3. ¯Íe-†¯Ív‡Îi gva¨‡g Ck¦i ev †`e-†`exi-

i) ¸Y I gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv Kiv nq ii) cÖksmv Kiv nq

iii) `vex-`vIqv Kiv nq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i I ii

A¨vKwUwfwU ( wb‡R

Kwi) /wk¶v_©xi KvR

wec‡` †gv‡i i¶v K‡iv G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bv Ñ G evsjv cÖv_©bvwU wk‡L bv †`‡L

wbf©yjfv‡e †jLvi †Póvi Kiyb|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-2 c„ôv-27

wb‡Pi AskUzKz co–b Ges 4 I 5 bs cª‡kœi DËi w`b:

†`ejxbv cÖwZw`b mKv‡j ¯œvb †m‡i GKLvwb ag©MÖš’ cvV K‡ib| MÖš’wU c„w_ex‡Z wn› ya‡g©i `vk©wbK

Kve¨iƒ‡c mycwiwPZ| GMÖ‡š’ fMevb kªxK…ò Zuvi wcÖq mLv AR©yb‡K Ávb‡hvM, Kg©‡hvM, fw³‡hvMmn ag©vag©

m¤ú‡K© wk¶v`vb K‡i‡Qb|

4. †`ejxbvi cwVZ MÖ‡š’i bvg Ñ

K) kªxkªxPÛx L) kªxg™¢Me &MxZv

M) gbymswnZv N) †e`

5. †`ejxbvi †PZbv Avgiv Rxe‡b Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ev Ñ

i) kªxK…ò I AR©y‡bi msjvc ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i

ii) cÖwZw`b MxZv cvV K‡i

iii) cÖwZw`‡bi KZ©e¨Kg© cvjb K‡i

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i I iii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:

Ck¦i I †`e-†`exi mš‘wói Rb¨ wn› yMY ¯Íe K‡i _v‡Kb| †e`, Dcwbl`, kªxg™¢Me &MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÛx cÖf„wZ

MÖ‡š’ my›`i my›`i ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ i‡q‡Q| Gme ¯Íe-†¯ÍvÎ AvwZ¥K cywó †hvMvq| ZvB e¨w³ Rxe‡b G m‡ei

¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|

K) C‡kvcwbl‡`i gš¿wU wjLyb|

L) Ôb wn Áv‡bb m „ks cweÎwgn we`¨‡ZÕ Ñ e¨vL¨v Kiyb|

M) kªxkªxPÛxi 5/32 †køvKwU wjLyb|

N) †e‡`i ¸iyZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-2 : 1. (M), 2. (K), 3.(N), 4. (L), 5. (N)