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!XZi+X‚wZzw((((B.Ed. 1st Year))))
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BEDD101CCT
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1 Nature and Methods of Educational Psychology
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.4
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.5
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Introduction 1.1
Objectives 1.2
Psychology: Meaning, Nature and Scope 1.3
(Meaning of Psychology) 1.3.1
soul Logos Psyche study
unconcious concious Jung
Freud
subconcious J.B. Watson
Science of behaviour
Boring Longfield & Wield Crow & Crow Skinner
James Drever
(Nature of Psychology) 1.3.2
(Scope of Psychology) 1.3.3
General
Abnormal Psychology Psychology
Social Industrial Psychology Political Psychology Psychology
Clinical Psychology Milatary Psychology
1.4
(Educational Psychology: Meaning, Nature and Scope)
Meanin of Educational Psychology 1.4.1
Crow and
Crow
Skinner
Sarwrey & Telford
Nature of Educational Psychology 1.4.2
Sarwey and Telford
Crow & Crow
Scope of Educational Psychology 1.4.3
Infant Adulthood Adolescence Childhood
1.5(Methods of Educational Psychology: Introspection, Observation, Experimental and Case Study)
Introspection 1.5.1
Spiere Intro Introspection
look within Stout
Subject
Observation Method 1.5.2
Experimental Method 1.5.3
Leipzing
1879 William Wundt
Experimentum
experiment test trial
Controlled situations
Case Study 1.5.4
Need and Importance of 1.6Educational Psychology for the Teacher
Glossary 1.7
Nature
Scope
Meaning
Psychology
Psyche
Logos
Concious
Subconcious
Unconcious
Behaviour
Learning
Method
Introspection
Observation
Experiment
Case Study
Points to Remember 1.8
Model Examination Questions 1.9
L o n g An s w e r T yp e
Questions
Short Answer Type Questions
V e r y s h o r t An s w e r t yp e Questions
Objective Type Questions
Psyche
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
Boring a
Hull b
Wundt c
Tolman d
Berlin a
Boston b
Frankfurt c
Leipzing
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
d c b a
b a
d c
Suggested Books 1.10
Kulshestra, S.P. (1997), Educational Psycholgy - Raj Printers - Meerut
Mangal, S.K (2003), Advanced Educational Psychology Prentice Hill of
India Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi
Schopler, J. Weisz, J. King R & Morgan, C (1993), Introduction to
Psychology -
Prentice Hill of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
2
Growth and Development of the Learner
Structure Introduction 2.1
Objectives 2.2
Growth and Development of the Learner
The Concept and Nature
Difference between Growth and
Development
Principles of Development
Factors influencing Growth and
Development: Heriditary and Environment
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3
Stages of Growth and Development
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4
Theories of Development
Congnative (Piget) Theory
Psycho-Social (Erikson) Theory
Moral (Kohlberg) Theory
Psycho-Analytic Theory
Language Developement theory of Noam
Chomsky
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5
Glossary 2.6
Points to Remember 2.7
Model Examination Questions 2.8
Suggested Books 2.9
Introduction 2.1
Objectives 2.2
Growth and Development 2.3
The concept and nature 2.3.1
Frank
Crow and Crow
Woolf and Woolf
Difference between Growth and Development 2.3.3
(Development) (Growth)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Principles of Developement 2.3.3
Principle of Continuity 1
Skinner
Principle of Sequentiality 2
Geseel Shirley
Principle of Unifrom Pattern 3
6 12
Principles of Direction of Developement 4
Principle of General to Specific Responses 5
Principle of Integration 6
Principle of Different Rate of Development 7
Principle of Interrelation 8
Principle of Interaction of Heredity and 9
Environment
Principle of Individual Difference 10
Factors influencing Growth 2.3.4
and Development: Heredity & Environment
Environment Heredity
Genes
James Drever
Peterson
Laws of Heredity
Law of Resemblence 1
Law of Variation 2
Law of Regression 3
Wood worth
Boring Longfield & Wild
Stage of Growth and Development 2.4
1.0
2
62
12 6
18 12
40 18
6540
65
Infancy 2.4.1
2 0
20 18
1512
50 10
7 - 6
Early Childhood 6
40 38
6 2
Later Childhood
32 28 4 3 57.5 58
90% 1110
Adolescence
1812
Gonads 13
15
18
Piaget's Theory of Cognative Development
1932 1923 '1896- 1980' Jean Piaget
(Adaptation) 1
(Accomodation) (Assimilation)
(Equilibration) 2
(Schema) 3
(Sensory motor stage)
(Pre-operational stage)
(Stage of concrete operational stage)
(Stage of formal operation)
Assumption
I
II
(Assimilation and Accomodation)
(Equilibration) III
Nervous system (Physical Maturation)
Sensory organs
Cognative structure Equilibration IV
Sensory motor stage
Stage of reflex activities I
Sucking
reflex
Stage of primary circular reactions II
Stage of secondory circular reactions III
manipulation
Stage of coordination of secondary IV
Goal sehergrate
Means
imitation Schema
Generalization
Trial and Error V
(stage of the invention of new VI
means through mental cmbination
Object permanence
Pre-operational stage
Preconceptual period
Intutive period
Signifiers I
Sign Symbol
Object
Preoperation Sign Symbol
Signifiers Symbolic function
Play- imitation
Limitations
Animism (a)
Egocentrism b
reasoning Intutive period II
422 22 4 trait of reversibility
Stage of concrete operation III
A,B,C, A,B
Trait of 422 22 4 reversibility
Conservation Concept
Length Liquid Classification relation
Weight
Seriation
Systematic
Brown & Cook 1986 Systematic
Stage of formal operations
Items
Objectivity decentring reality
Variable
subjective
Gelman, (Cognative competence)
Conservation 1978
Qualitative distinct
Biological maturation
Visual Object permanance Formal operation stimulus
Erikson's Theory of Psycho-social Development
Erik Erikson
Basic needs I
Self Ego II
III
Challenge IV
Crises
Motivational (v)
Trust v Mistrust
Trust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Crises Will power
Restraint
Initiative vs Guilt
Industry vs Inferiority
Industry
Solution
Identity vs Confusion
Identity
Fidelity Solution
Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation
Generativity
Integrity vs Despair
Integrity
S oc i o - e mo t i on a l t a s ks Development framework
Identity
Lawrence Kholberg's Theory of Moral Development
Level Fixed Order
Level of perconventional Morality A
!
Punishment and orientation I
Physical consequences
Instrumental relativist orientation II
Bartering
Lelvel of conventionality B
Standard
Good boy and nice girl orientaion I
Heintz
Level of postconventional c
Internal control
Social control-orientation I
II
Self - condemnatioan
Psychoanalytic Theory of Freud and Moral Development
Super ego
Moral commander
Id Drives
Socialization
Internalization
Guilt Anxiety Self-Punishment
External Supr -ego External Control Self punishment punishment
Self control
Moral standards
Super ego
Language Development ,theory of Noam chomsky
Principal of 1928 Linguistics generative Grammer)
Verbal behaviors 1967
Linguistic
Data
LAD The Ability to Understand
and produce sentences
(Processing)
(Out put)
LAD- Built- In System
Language Acquisition Device
Analogy LAD
Device LAD
Universal 1950
Grammer
LAD
Subject,Verb, Object
Exception
Innate 1972 Language & Mind
Human essence
Glossary 2.6
Concept
Nature
Growth
Development
Physical development
Emotional development
Congnative development
Infancy
12 childhood
Adolescence
Maturity
Points to Remember 2.7
2
12 2
18 12
Erikson
10 4
13 11
14
Model Examination Question 2.8
Objective Type Questions
d c b a
d c b a
b a
d c
b a
d c
d c b a
b a
d c
d c b a
d c b a
d c b a
d c b a
Suggested Books 2.9
Kulshestra, S.P. (1997), Educational Psycholgy - Raj Printers - Meerut
Mangal, S.K (2003), Advanced Educational Psychology Prentice Hill of
India Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi
Schopler, J. Weisz, J. King R & Morgan, C (1993), Introduction to
Psychology -
Prentice Hill of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Individual as a Unique Learner
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.1
Gene Genetic Factors
IQ
3.2
Concept of Individual Differences 3.3
Unique
Individual Differences
In d i v i d u a l Differences
Definitions of ID
Skinner Tyler
James Drever
Woodword & Marquis
Individual Differences
Characteristics of Individual Differences
Phenomenon
Types of Individual Differences 3.4
Universal
Tyler
IQ
IQ
IQ IQ
Normal Please
Sensitive
24
Academic Achivement
3.5
(Concept of Intra and Inter Individula Differences
Intra Inter Individual Individual
Intra Individula Differences
95 20 50 40 70
Inter Individual Differences
3.6
Factors Responsible for Individual Differences
Environment Heredity
Heredity
Chromosomes 46 46 23 23
23 23
Environment
3.7
(Implication of Individual Differences for Organizing Education
Programmes)
70
70
3.8Individual
Differences
Intra Individual Differences
Inter Individual Differences
3.9 1
–––– 2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
1
b a
b a d c
2
b a
d c
3
b a
d c
4
b a
b a d c
3.10 2004
2014
2001
Mangal S.K. (1991), Educational Prychology Prakash Brothers Educational
Publisher, Ludhiana
Chauhan, S.S. (1995), Advanced Educational Prychology Vikas Publishing Home
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Type Approach / 4.5.1
4.5.1.1
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.1.4
4.5.1.5
(Trait Approach) 4.5.2
4.5.2.1
4.5.2.2
4.1
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.1.1
TAT 4.8.1.2
4.8.1.3
4.8.2
4.8.2.1
4.8.2.2
4.8.2.3
4.8.2.4
4.8.2.5
4.8.2.6
4.8.2.7
4.9
4.10
4.11
Introduction 4.1
Objectives 4.2
Personality concept 4.3
Persona Personality Personality
Allport
Allport 1937
Walter Mischel 1981
4.4
New Comb
4.5
Type Approach / 4.5.1
(Trait Approach) 4.5.2
Type Approach / 4.5.1
4.5.1.1
Wind Vatt
Bile Pitt Mucus Kaff
Vatt
Hippocrates Classification 4.5.1.2
Blood
4.5.1.3
Pyknic type Athletic type
Leptosomatic type
Sheldon's classification 4.5.1.4
Endomorphic
Pyknic
Mesomorphic
Ectomorphic
Jung's classification 4.5.1.5
Extrovert
Introvert
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
17, 953 4,541
Cardinal Traits Central Traits
Secondary Traits Cardinal Traits
Central Traits
Secondary Traits
4.5.2.2
171 4 1956
4
Common Trait
Unique Trait
Surface Trait
(source Trait)
4.6
Factors influencing personality: heredity and
environment
Heredity 4.6.1
Francis Galton Freeman, Goddard and Dugdal
480 496 46
Environment 4.6.2
Rearing Patterns 4.6.2.1
interaction
Erickson
rigidity
(Regularity) 4.6.2.2
(Parent-child Interaction and Relations) 4.6.2.3
(Nuclear family)
(Neighbourhood)
(Development of Integrated Personality) 4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.1
10
4.8.1.1
TAT 4.8.1.2
4.8.1.3
10 4.8.1.1
Unstructured
Scoring, Analysis and Interpretation of the
Test
(location)
(content) originality
Determinants
Thematic Apprecption Test 4.8.1.2
30
Children Appreception (CAT) 4.8.1.3
Leopold Bellack
CAT TAT 10 3 CAT
Non Projective Techniques 4.8.2
(Observation Method) 4.8.2.1
Questionnaire 4.8.2.2
Interview 4.8.2.3
Rating Scale 4.8.2.4
rating
Check List 4.8.2.5
-1 +1
Attitude Scale 4.8.2.6
Anecdotal Record 4.8.2.7
Anecdotal
Glossary 4.9
Trait
Projective Techniques
Non- Projective Techniques
4.10
Persona Personality Personality
10
Model Examination Question 4.11
4.11.1
4.11.2
(A) Psychology of Learner and Learning
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Objectives
Introduction 5.1
5.2
Care of Psychology
Concept of Learning
G.D.Butch
Garrage
Smith
Crow & Crow
Wood Worth
Gardnar Murphy
3 2 1
R Stimulus S S-R
Response
Bond S-R
Learning Prosess
Principles of Learning
Law of Readiness 1
Law of Effect 2
Law of Exercise 3
Law of Intensity 4
1
Preposition 2
Partial Activity 3
Analogy 4
Associate 5
Bond
Rewarding
Practise Makes a Man Perfect
Law of Used
Law of Disuse
Law of Used
Bond
Law of Disuse
Bond Response
Law of Intensity
Response
5.3
a
b
c
a
Physical Factor 1
Mental Factor 2
Physical Factor 1
Fatigue c Maturity b Age a
Age a
b
Fatigue c
Interval
Mental Factor
Motivation c Attention b Interest a Interest a
Attention b
Motivation c
c Difficulty Level b a
a
b
c
III
Transfer of Learning 5.4
Scorience
Positive Transfer of Learning 1
Negative Transfer of Learning 2
Zero Transfer of Learning 3
Bilateral Transfer of Learning 4
Positive Transfer of Learning 1
Negative Transfer of Learning 2
Put But
Zero Transfer of Learning 3
Bilateral Transfer of Learning 4
G Spearman
S
Spearman
Reybur
1
2
3
4
5
Memory and Forgetting) 5.5
Wood Worth
Memorising 1
Retention 2
Recall 3
Recognition 4
Memorising 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Retention 2
Nerves
Record Record
Recall 3
Recognition 4
Recall
Recall
Types of Memory
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Bad Memory
3
Rote Memory 4
128 Rote Memory
5
6
7
Images
Auditory Images
Inventive Images
Forgetting
Munn
Passive Natural Forgetting 1
Active Morbet Forgetting 2
Passive Natural Forgetting 1
Active Morbet Forgetting 2
1
a
b
c
2
a
b
c
a
b
a
b
c
Sigmend Fried
1
2
3
1
15 15
50
1514
2
3
Teaching
Learning Material
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Ebbing Haus's Curve of Forgetting
Ebbing Ebbing Haus
Haus's Curves of Forgetting
CEM BDF NOF Nonsense Syllabal Syllabal
Ebbing Haus's
S.No. Time Laps
% Amount of Forgetting
1. After 20 Minuts
47%
2. After 60 Minuts 60
53%
3. After One Day 66%
4. After Two Days
72%
5. After Six Days
75%
6. After Thirtz oneDays 31
79%
Will to Learn 1
Interest and Attention 2
Grouping and Rhytheming 3
Arranging Learning Better Situation 4
Repetation and Practice 5
5.6Stimulus
Response Intensity
Fatigue
Memory
Motivation
Transfer of Learning
Logical Memory
5.7
i
ii
iii
i
ii
iii
iv
i
ii
iii
iv
Passive Natural Forgetting i
Active Marbet Forgetting ii
i
ii
5.8
5.9
1
SCERT 2
1988 3
4
(B) (Theories of Learning and its Classroom Implications)
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.1
5.2
5.3Trial and Error Theory of Learning (Thorndike)
(Trial & Error Method of Learning) (Connectionism Learning Theory)
(Response) (Stimulus) Connection
(Connectionism theory of learning) (Connectionism)
(Trial & Error Method of Learning)
(Learning Experiment of Thorndike)
(Thorndike Puzzle Box)
(Motive, Need)
(Goal)
(Barrier)
(Trial)
(Random Success)
(Selection)
(Fixation)
Step by Step Process
Motive
B.Ed.
Selection
(Laws/Principles of Learning)
(Primary/ Basic Laws or Principles)
(Secondary Laws or Principles)
"Practice Makes Man Perfect"
Revision
Poem
Rhyms
(Law of Effect)
(Reward)
Clapping
Excellent Very good Good Wonderful
Educational Implication
5.4
Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning
(Physiologist) (I.V. Pavlov)
(Digestive Process)
Learning Experiement of Pavlov
(Saliva)
Conditioned
Learning
(Terminology)
(Saliva)
(Natural Response) (Natural Stimulus)
Conditioned Stimulus (Artificial Stimulus)
(Unconditonal Stimulus)
Steps of Experiment
UCS
CS UCR Conditioned CR
Conditional Learning Theory Artificial Stimulus
Natural Stimulus
Educational Implication
Psychotherapy Physiotherapy
5.5
(Operant Conditioning Theory of Learning) (B.F. Skinner)
Response Stimulus (Stimulus Based)
Stimulus
"Response" "Stimulus"
"Watson"
Behaviourism
Learning Experiment of Skinner (Skinner)
(Skinner Box)
(Operant Conditioning)
Steps of Operant Learning
(Shaping)
(Reinforcement)
(Chaining)
Chaining (Extinction)
(Reinforcement)
Concept of Reinforcement (Hull) (Reinforcement)
(Positive Reinforcement) (Negative Reinforcement)
(Schedule)
I
II
III
IV
Educational Implication
(Desirable Change) (Programmed Learning)
5.6
Insight Theory of Learning (Gestalt)
(Gestalt Psychologist)
(Wertheimer) (An Gestalt (Kohler) (Koffka)
Organized Whole)
Insight
Insight Gestalt
Experiment of Insight Learning Theory
(Chimpanzee) (Kohler)
(Survey)
(Hesitation, Pause)
(Trial)
(In first trial fail, new trial)
(Learning)
Principles of Learning
(Principle of Organisation) Organisation
(Law of Proxomity/Nearness)
(Law of Similarity)
(Law of Simplicity)
Educational Implication
Part Whole
(Discoveries) (Inventions)
Imagination Reasoning Thinking
(Creativity) (Constructive)
Social Learning Theory 5.7 (Albert Bandura)
(Observation Theory (Reinforcement)
of Learning)
Follow (Modelling
Learning Theory)
Aggressive
Aggression Aggression
(Real Life Model)
(Symbolic Model)
Messages
Factors for Selection of Models
(Sex)
(Status)
Important Components of Learning
(Attention)
70 (Retention)
TLM
(Behavioural Production)
Motivation & Reinforcement
Educational Implication
(Psycho-motor (Effective Domain) (Cognitive Domain) Domain)
5.8
Response Stimulus Connectionism
(Stimulus) (Response)
5.9
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
Reinforcement
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
5.10 2001
2004
2014
Chauhan, S.S. (1995), Advanced Educational Prychology Vikas Publishing Home
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Mangal S.K. (1991), Educational Prychology Prakash Brothers Educational
Publisher, Ludhiana