-
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/baabb1bcdbb1bb0bc1b95bcdb95bbeba9-bafb9aba9bc8b95bb3bcd
http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=157275
30
,
. ,
, .
,
.
, , ,
.
.
, 14
.
(
) 1986 .
. ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
. , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
,
.
:
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/baabb1bcdbb1bb0bc1b95bcdb95bbeba9-bafb9aba9bc8b95bb3bcdhttp://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/baabb1bcdbb1bb0bc1b95bcdb95bbeba9-bafb9aba9bc8b95bb3bcd
-
.
,
. 6
.
3
1 3
.
, 7 8
.
. , ,
,
.
.
02 , :-
. , ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
* , , ,
?
.
. ,
.
* ,
,
.
.
-
,
. ,
?
. .
* ,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
* , ..., , , ...,
, ,
. ,
.
* ,
,
, /
.
.
. ,
,
.
* ,
( Qualiffing Exam)
?
, ,
.
* , ,
,
, .
-
* .
.
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
.
June 12, 2007
12 , . . .
2006 218 . .
. .
-
15 . . , , . .
. . . .
1. 2.
1. 3. 4. 5. 6. / 7. 8.
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-7http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-9http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-9
-
. , , , , . . .
/ / / , , , ? 2003 . , . . . . . ,
-
. , , . . . , . . . . , , . . , . , , . . .
.
-
, .
. ,
. .
. . , , // , . / . , , .
,
:
( ) 1994.
-
, .
. , , , . . .
, , . .
, 1860 .
( 294 300)
. ( 312)
, ( 315)
( - 316)
12 , . ( - 317)
-
, ( - 318) , 2 , ; , .
. 23 21 ( 2 (a)) .
, . , , . :
18 , 21 , 15 1000/- ( ) ( - 3)
21 , 3 ( - 4).
-
, 3 ( - 4).
, , , ( - 6)
?
1929- , , . . , . , . . 3 , 1000 .
. . , .
-
1993 :
, 15 , .
1976 :
. . . .
1986 :
14 . .
-
( ) -2000 :
24- , , .
, , / , :
1948 1951 1952 1961 1961 ( ) 1966 .. 1963
. , 12 , (, , ) .
, , .
-
, 377 , .
, , :
1860 , , , , , 18 , .
( ) , 2000
, .
.
( ) 1988 ( ) - 1982
1959 () - 1976
-
1986 - 1929 - 1890 - 1956 () - 1986 - 2000 , -1988
/
. , , . . :
- - -
/ . .
. , , .
-
. , , , , . , , , .
, , . , , . . .
, . , .
.
-
.
, . . , , .
. , , , , , . .
. . .
.
-
. .
; . , 1997 .
1992 , . / .
: / http://www.indianngos.com
. , , .
.
http://csridentity.com/india/index.asp
-
. .
( )
/
2003 51 , . '' .
2003 .
2004
-
. () .
1966 1188 , , . , . 2002 18 . ( 16) . . .
(1973) . "
-
" . . , , . 2000 .
1990 , .
.
-
. 2000 ( ) . , . 23 - . , , , , , .
:
, ( 14)
, , , , ( -15)
, , ( -16)
. '' ( -17)
-
, 1955 . .
1989 ( ) . , , .
, . . .
( ) 2000
( ) 2000 (18 ).
-
.
2 () , :
- - . - , , . - , , . - , . - ,
. , ,
-
, , , , .
. , , , ( ) , . .
. , .
, , . 18
-
.
.
, , . . , , .
1985
, , , , . , .
, 18
-
.
.
1988.
, .
( ) 2000
2 () , , .
,
2000
-
(- 24). , , , , .
, 363 .
' ' ( ) 2000- .
, . . , , . , . , . , , , .
-
-
1. 2.
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4., . , .
5. .
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/education-fundamental-human-right#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/education-fundamental-human-right#section-2
-
, , , , . 1990 .
, , . , , , .
.
, , . , .
1.
2.
3. .., .., .
-
4. , ,
5.
1.
2. - ,
3. ; 4.
1
18
2 , , , , ,
3
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-b95bc1bb1bbfba4bcdba4-b89b9fba9bcdbaab9fbbfb95bcdb95bc8-1#section-4
-
4
6
. ,
12
.
- ,
7
, . ,
9 . .
-
.
20
, .
22
23
.
24
26
-
.
27
.
28
. .
29
, . ,
30
, .
311
, ,
42
-
;
19
, , .
32
.
36
35
11
34
-
37
, ,
40
. . . .
13
, , , ,
14
, , , . .
-
15
16
. , ,
17
. , , . .
1. 2. 3.
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/ncpcr-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/ncpcr-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/ncpcr-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/ncpcr-1#section-3
-
4.
.
. . : .
. , , , , , , . . ./ , , , , , .
. , , .
.
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/ncpcr-1#section-4
-
.
. , , .
. , :
1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. . 5. ; , ,
-
. 6. , . . , . , .
. , .
. .
. .
. . .
. .
-
. - . . - , , , , , , , . . - .
. ,
. , . . , . . . . . .
-
. . , .
. . . . . / .
:
. . . . . . , , . . . . ,
-
/ . . , . . .
( NCPCR) . , , , , , .
, 25 . , , , , , , , , .
( ) .
-
. , .
, (white fluid) .
.
, .
.
. .
, .
.
.
-
( ) .
, , 10 .
.
.
. .
.
, .
-
18 . . , .
. ( 42 )
, , , , , , , , , , . . . ( 2 )
. . . ( 12,13 )
.
-
. ( 28 )
, . . ( 23 )
. . ( 23,28,29 )
. . ( 24 )
. . ( 24 )
. . ( 29 )
. ( 31 )
-
. . ( 19 )
, , . . ( 9, 27 )
. . ( 29, 30 )
(, , ) . . ( 2, 28,37,39 )
. , . ( 32, 34 )
.
-
. ( 36 )
, , .
1989 . . 1992 .
, , . , , . , . .
-
, . . .
, 30 . , .
, 47 . ; , . , , . ,
-
, .
. , .
, . , , , , . . .
, , 132 . , .
-
600 . 600 , , , , .
, , . , . . 350 , , , .
, , ,
-
, , , .
, , ; . . . 30 , .
2003, 2006 . ,
-
, , . . , , ; , ; ; , , . , , . , . , , , . , , . , . , . ,
,
-
, , .
, . , , . , .
, , , . , , , . . . . , , , , .
, , .
-
. . , .
( ) 1986 15 57 ( ) . , . , . .
( ) 2006 , , , ,
2 () (ia) : 18 . . 14 . , .
-
, .
1976 . . , . . , ( ) , . , .
( ) 1970 , . . .
. , .
-
. . , . , , . .
, . , , .
, , . . . , . ,
-
. , , , ( / ) , , .
, .
5 - , , 36, ; -110 001. .
strong> ,
, . , , , .
-
, , , .
1981- , , . . , .
, , . , 60 , , .
2005 , , . , , . , , . .
-
.
. : . , , . , . .
, , . . , . . , . . .
-
.
, . , , . , .
, , .
, , , , , .
? ( NCPCR). 2000 . , ,
-
.
. . , . NCPCR . .
NCPCR . . .
. . ' /' . . .
-
. . . . , . . NCPCR ..
, , , , , NCPCR . . , ,, . .
-
& .
, .
, .
, , , .
- , , .
- ( PTA) .
, . .
, ,
-
.
. .
, . , , .
:
(// ), / . . , / // .
/ .
-
/ / . (PTA) .
() . . .
, SC/ST (POA) .
, , / .
.
/ ( )/ , ( ) . .
.
-
.
/ / / , .
/ , - . .
/ SWJD . ( ) , .
/ () , , .
-
1. 1. ?
2. : 3. ,
1. ?
, 18 . . . . ( ) . 18 , . , 18 , , . 18 21 1929 . ,
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bbfba9bcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8b95bb3bcd-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-1#section-3
-
. , , 18 , 21 . , , , 18 . . . 18 , , .
:
18 .
.
, .
, , .
1. ?
, .
, ,
-
.
, , . .
, , , .
, .
. . . .
, .
2. ?
18 , . . ,
-
. :
6-14 ( 21)
14 ( 24)
, ( 39) ()
, / , .
( 14)
(-15) ,
( 21) ,
( - 23)
( 46)
-
, .
( 15) (3)
( 46)
( -29)
( - 47)
. , . , . .
, . .
-
.. :
18 . .
' ' .
, .
; .
, , ,
:
:
-
:
,
,
. , ,
,
. , , ,
.
-
. . . ( , ) : , . , 4 . , . , . , . : - . 15 16 . 18 , ; . . . ,
.
-
,
, , , . , , . .
, , ,
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/childrightstamil.pdf
-
. , . . , . , .
, . . . . , 500 , . . , .. .
-
, .
1098
1. 2. 3. 4. ( - ) ,
1986
5.
. . , 1979 . , . . . ,
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/childrenshandlewithcaretamil.pdfhttp://www.childlineindia.org.in/http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8-ba4bb4bbfbb2bbebb3bbf-1#section-5
-
, , . .
, 1986 (-) . , , . . , , .
, 1987 , . , , .
-
. , , , . , , . , . , , , - , .
http://labour.nic.in/cw1/ChildLabour.htm
http://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/spotlight.php
http://www.pratham.org/contact/indian_inter.php
http://www.cini-india.org/asha.asp#childline
-
1971 - 1627492
1981 - 1951312
1991 - 166940
2001 - 1363339
http://labour.nic.in/content/http://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/spotlight.phphttp://www.pratham.org/http://www.cini-india.org/
-
() () . , . , 2000 2004 . . 2001 . , . 90 . , , .
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
-
( - ) , 1986
2003 2004 ( )
29355 5211
16395 2749
0 7
0 . 1212/- 4,870 423
2658 538
2,05,340
37,750
242 173
15627 3640
1971 - 713305
1981 - 975055
1991 - 578889
2001 - 418801
( ) 1986 , , .
-
() , , , , , , , , , , , .
1971 - 587389
1981 - 819605
1991 - 7714199
2001 - 126570
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
http://rajlabour.nic.in/childlabour.htm
, 2007 . , , 5 12
http://labour.rajasthan.gov.in/
-
. , , . .
.
, 55
50 , .
, 88.60 , .
, , ,
50.2 7 .
53.2 .
, , , ,
21.90 , 50.76%
-
.
, , , .
50 , .
, .
, , , .
83 , .
48.4 .
: ..
, .. , . 100- .. ,
-
. .
. , , , , . . . , . , . , . , , . .
.. , , .. . . . () . .
, . , , , , .
-
, .
6 .. . . ART , CD4 , CD4 . . , , . , . , . , CD4 , CD4 ( NACO) .
ART . 6 .
, , . . , , , . , ( NACO) ,
-
.
1. 2. : 3. -
4. - :
5.
6. :
7. 8.
: 9. 10.
? 11.
12. 13. 14. -
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-7http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-9http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-10http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-10http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-11http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-11http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-12http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-13http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-14http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-14
-
, , .
, . , . :
( / /... )
. /
-
:
,
- 1 , . .
: . , . . . 0-6 ' ' . . . , , .
, . , 2002-2003 , 11.1 . .
: 2
-
: , . . ( ) . , . , . , .
, , '' , . .
. , . , , .
.
-
, . , , , .
-3 . .
: , . , . , , . , , . .
-4 / .
: , . , . , , , , . ,
-
. . , .
: 5 , .
: . . . , . , , .
-
, ----- . , , , ,
-
-
,
, /
- :
1: . 4-5 ?
, . . .
-
. . . . . , , . .
. , . , . . , , . , , .
, , , . , - .
-
. . . " ."
, . , ' ' . , . , .
2005 , 12 . 3 15 . . , . 2001 , 1000 933 . 1991 . 1991 1000 945
. 2001 927 . , ( 798) ( 819)
-
( 896) , 1000 900- . , , . &
:
: . , . , . . .
: . , , . . . .
. , , . .
-
, , . , . .
. . , . . . .
, .
?
2001 , 15 3 .
20-24 , 10-14 ,
, .
.
-
.
: (www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ch09.pd)
. .
, .
, . , . , , . . , .
, , , . , ,
http://undesadspd.org/Youth.aspx
-
, , , . .
, . . , , .
, , . . , . , , .
:
: . ,
-
. . , . , .
: . , ? . , . . , . . . , .
. . . , , . . , ,
-
, .
, , , .
, . , . - .
(21-) , 5-14 . .
, . , . . . .
. 2001 , 5-14 , 1.25
-
. . , , , , .
, . , , . , , , . . . , , .
: . . . .
-
. . , , .
: , , . !
, , , . , , , . , .
,
, . .
.
-
, .
.
; .
; .
: . 8 , , .
, , , .
- , 2005, 25
, , , ,
-
. , , , .
/ .
90% , . . . , , , , .
, . '' '' . , . , . , 75% . , .
-
, .
, , , . . . , . . , .
, . , . . . , , , . . , ,
-
, , , , . .
. , / / / , .
, . , , . '' . 16 .
, , . . .
-
.
: 2005 .
:
.
(1) , , , ,
/ , , . , .
, , , .
, , ,
-
. , . . .
:
()
: , . .
: , . . , . . , .
. , , , . , , . .
-
, . . . .
, , ;
1)
2)
3)
4) ,
5)
6)
7)
-
8) .
9)
10)
11) ,
12)
1) .
2) ,
3) ,
4) , .
5)
6) ' ' ' ' ,
7) .
8) .
:
-
1) .
2) .
3) , .
4) , .
5) .
6) .
7) .
8)
9) .
10) .
11) , .
12) .
13) ,
14)
-
15) .
16) .
17)
18)
19)
20)
: : : :
?
, , . , .
, . .
, . .
.
-
.
. , . , .
. , . .
, . , .
, .
, .
, , . , .
-
. . .
. .
, , .
. .
; . , , , . . , . .
; . ,
-
? , ? , , . , . . . .
X XII . , . , . " , , .
-
" .. .. . , .
" , .
. - . .
: , , , , , 31, 2002.
. , ? . , .
,
-
. , . . . .
: . .
: . . / / / / . , . , , , ,
-
. .
; . . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , .
.
. ,
. . .
-
/ .
" " . , .. , .. , .. . . 2003 - 2004 , , . , . . 38.1% . 61.1% .
40.2% . 44.4% . 25% . .
/
: / . . / ,
-
, . / . . / .
: , , , , , , , . - .
.. ( ) . . , . , , , , .
, / . . . , / . ,
-
. . , / . .
, / . . 0.16 , 0-14 . , . , . . , , . . . . : Future Forsaken,
Human Rights Watch, pg. 73, 2004
.
-
, . , , , , / . , . , . . / , / , , . , . . , .
- , . / . ,
-
. .
-
: , . / , , . .
: . . / , , . . , / . , , . , , , . ,
-
.
16. :
: . . . . . .
: . . , . , , , , .
. , . / , .
. ,
-
. , , . .
. . . , .
2001 , 0-19 , 1.67 . , 0.5-1.0 .
:
/ .
, . , .
-
, . , , . ; , .
. , , , .
, , .
, , ' ' . , , , .
, ?
, , , ,
-
. . , , .
1. 2. : 3. -
4. - :
5.
6. :
7. 8.
: 9. 10.
? 11.
12. 13. 14. -
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-7http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-9http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-10http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-10http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-11http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-11http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-12http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-13http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-14http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/baabbeba4bc1b95bbeb95bcdb95bc1baebcd-b89bb0bbfbaebc8-1#section-14
-
, , .
, . , . :
( / /... )
. /
-
:
,
- 1 , . .
: . , . . . 0-6 ' ' . . . , , .
, . , 2002-2003 , 11.1
-
. .
: 2
: , . . ( ) . , . , . , .
, , '' , . .
. , . ,
-
, .
. , . , , , .
-3 . .
: , . , . , , . , , . .
-4 / .
: , . , .
-
, , , , . , . . , .
: 5 , .
: . . . , . , , .
-
, ----- . , ,
-
, ,
-
,
, /
- :
1: . 4-5 ?
-
, . . . . . . . . , , . .
. , . , . . , , . , , .
, , ,
-
. , - .
. . . " ."
, . , ' ' . , . , .
2005 , 12 . 3 15 . . , . 2001 , 1000 933 .
-
1991 . 1991 1000 945 . 2001 927 . , ( 798) ( 819) ( 896) , 1000
900- . , , . &
:
: . , . , . . .
: . , , . . . .
-
. , , . .
, , . , . .
. . , . . . .
, .
?
2001 , 15 3 .
20-24 , 10-14 ,
-
, .
.
.
: (www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ch09.pd)
. .
, .
, . , . , , . . ,
http://undesadspd.org/Youth.aspx
-
.
, , , . , , , , , . .
, . . , , .
, , . . , . , , .
-
:
: . , . . , . , .
: . , ? . , . . , . . . , .
.
-
. . , , . . , , , .
, , , .
, . , . - .
(21-) , 5-14 . .
, . ,
-
. . . .
. 2001 , 5-14 , 1.25 . . , , , , .
, . , , . , , , . . . , , .
-
: . . . . . . , , .
: , , . !
, , , . , , , . , .
,
-
, . .
.
, .
.
; .
; .
: . 8 , , .
, , , .
-
- , 2005, 25
, , , , . , , , .
/ .
90% , . . . , , , , .
, . '' '' . , . , . , 75%
-
. , . , .
, , , . . . , . . , .
, . , . . . , , ,
-
. . , , , , , , . .
. , / / / , .
, . , , . '' . 16 .
, , .
-
. . .
: 2005 .
:
.
(1) , , , ,
/ , , . , .
, , , .
-
, , , . , . . .
:
()
: , . .
: , . . , . . , .
. , , , .
-
, , . .
, . . . .
, , ;
1)
2)
3)
4) ,
5)
6)
-
7)
8) .
9)
10)
11) ,
12)
1) .
2) ,
3) ,
4) , .
5)
6) ' ' ' ' ,
7) .
-
8) .
:
1) .
2) .
3) , .
4) , .
5) .
6) .
7) .
8)
9) .
10) .
11) , .
12) .
-
13) ,
14)
15) .
16) .
17)
18)
19)
20)
: : : :
?
, , . , .
, . .
-
, . .
.
.
. , . , .
. , . .
, . , .
, .
, .
-
, , . , . . . .
. .
, , .
. .
; . , , , . . , .
-
.
; . , ? , ? , , . , . . . .
X XII
-
. , . , . " , , . " .. .. . , .
" , .
. - . .
: , , , , , 31, 2002.
. ,
-
? . , .
, . , . . . .
: . .
: . . / / / /
-
. , . , , , , . .
; . . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , .
.
-
. ,
. . . /
.
" " . , .. , .. , .. . . 2003 - 2004 , , . , . . 38.1% . 61.1% .
40.2% . 44.4% . 25% .
-
.
/
: / . . / , , . / . . / .
: , , , , , , , . - .
.. ( ) . . , . , , ,
-
, .
, / . . . , / . , . . , / . .
, / . . 0.16 , 0-14 . , . , . . , , . .
-
. . : Future Forsaken, Human Rights Watch, pg. 73, 2004
.
, . , , , , / . , . , . . / , / , , . , . . , .
-
- , . / . , . .
-
: , . / , , . .
: . . / , , . . , / .
-
, , . , , , . , .
16. :
: . . . . . .
: . . , . , , , , .
-
. , . / , .
. , . , , . .
. . . , .
2001 , 0-19 , 1.67 . , 0.5-1.0 .
:
-
/ .
, . , .
, . , , . ; , .
. , , , .
, , .
, , ' '
-
. , , , .
, ?
, , , , . . , , .
1. 2.
1. 3. 4. 5. 6. / 7. 8.
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-5http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-6http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-7http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-8http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-9http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabc1-baebb1bcdbb1bc1baebcd-b9ab9fbcdb9fbaebcd-1#section-9
-
. , , , , . . .
/ / / , , , ? 2003 . , . .
-
. . . , . , , . . . , . . . . , , . . , . , , . . .
-
.
, .
. ,
. .
. . , , // , . / . , , .
,
-
:
( ) 1994.
, .
. , , , . . .
, , . .
, 1860 .
( 294 300)
. ( 312)
-
, ( 315)
( - 316)
12 , . ( - 317)
, ( - 318) , 2 , ; , .
. 23 21 ( 2 (a)) .
, . , , . :
18 , 21 , 15 1000/-
-
( ) ( - 3)
21 , 3 ( - 4).
, 3 ( - 4).
, , , ( - 6)
?
1929- , , . . , . , . . 3 , 1000 .
.
-
. , .
1993 :
, 15 , .
1976 :
. . . .
1986 :
-
14 . .
( ) -2000 :
24- , , .
, , / , :
1948 1951 1952 1961 1961 ( ) 1966 .. 1963
. , 12 , (, , ) .
-
, , . , 377 , .
, , :
1860 , , , , , 18 , .
( ) , 2000
, .
.
-
( ) 1988 ( ) - 1982
1959 () - 1976 1986 - 1929 - 1890 - 1956 () - 1986 - 2000 ,
-1988
/
. , , . . :
- - -
/ .
-
.
. , , . . , , , , . , , , .
, , . , , . . .
, . , .
-
. .
, . . , , .
. , , , , , . .
. .
-
.
.
. .
; . , 1997 .
1992 , . / .
: / http://www.indianngos.com
. , ,
http://csridentity.com/india/index.asp
-
.
. . .
( )
/
2003 51 , . '' .
2003
-
.
2004 . () .
1966 1188 , , . , . 2002 18 . ( 16) . . .
-
(1973) . " " . . , , . 2000 .
1990 , .
-
.
. 2000 ( ) . , . 23 - . , , , , , .
:
, ( 14)
, , , , ( -15)
-
, , ( -16)
. '' ( -17)
, 1955 . .
1989 ( ) . , , .
, . . .
-
( ) 2000
( ) 2000 (18 ).
.
2 () , :
- - . - , , . - , , . - , . - ,
-
. , , , , , , .
. , , , ( ) , . .
. , .
-
, , . 18 .
.
, , . . , , .
1985
, , , , .
-
, .
, 18 .
.
1988.
, .
( ) 2000
2 () , , .
-
,
2000
(- 24). , , , , .
, 363 .
' ' ( ) 2000- .
, . . ,
-
, . , . , . , , , .
1. 2.
? 3.
. 4.
, , , . . . , / / .
http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-1http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-2http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-3http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-4http://ta.vikaspedia.in/education/child-rights/b95bc1bb4ba8bcdba4bc8b95bb3bcd-baabbeba4bc1b95bbebaabcdbaabbfbb2bcd-b86b9abbfbb0bbfbafbb0bcdb95bb3bbfba9bcd-baab99bcdb95bc1-1#section-4
-
. , . , . . .
, . . . . , , . , .
?
, .
. , .
-
.
, .
.
, , .
, , .
, , . .
, .
.
, .
, .
-
.
. , , .
. , .
. , , , , , , .
.
.
, .
, / .
-
, .
.
, .
// .
, , .
, .
.
. . , .
-
, , , , .
. , , , . .
, , .
/ . . .
, , , .
, . , , , , , .
, .
-
, .
, . . , , . , .
/ ,
. / /
. ()
/
.
.
-
.
6-11 12-17
.
,
.
,
,
-
,
6-11 12-17
.
,
,
,
,
-
.
.
.
, ,
: , , , . , . , . .
: , ((http://www.unicef.org/teachers/ Last revised April, 1999)
- . : )
-
, . , . , . , .
(1) , '' ' ' '' , . ' ' , ' . ', ' , ' ' .
1. , . , , ,
-
, , .
2. , , , .
3. , . . .
4. , , .
5. , , . , , . . , , .
-
6. , , , . .
7. (8) , . , .
8. , .
9. , .
10. , .
section-0section-1section-2section-3section-4section-5section-6section-7section-8section-9section-10section-11section-12section-13section-14
