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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

THC H NH

CNG NGH CH BIN THC PHM 1

(H i hc lin thng)

Bin son: B mn Cng ngh ch bin thc phm

TH NH PH H CH MINH

THNG 08/2015

1

MC LC

MC LC ........................................................................................................................... 1

DANH MC CC BNG .................................................................................................. 3

DANH MC HNH NH ................................................................................................... 4

GII THIU HC PHN ................................................................................................... 5

1. Mc tiu: ...................................................................................................................... 5

2. Yu cu: ....................................................................................................................... 5

3. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh .................................................................................. 5

4. nh gi hc phn ....................................................................................................... 5

5. nh gi bi thc hnh ................................................................................................ 6

Bi 1. SN XUT KO CNG ......................................................................................... 7

1.1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 7

1.2. Nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b ............................................................. 7

1.3. Thc hnh ................................................................................................................. 9

1.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................................... 10

1.5. Cu hi .................................................................................................................... 11

Bi 2. SN XUT BNH BNG LAN NNG ........................................................... 12

2.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 12

2.2. Nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b ........................................................... 12

2.3. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................... 14

2.4. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................................... 16

2.5. Cu hi ................................................................................................................... 16

Bi 3. SN XUT BIA ..................................................................................................... 17

3.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 17

3.2. Nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b ............................................................. 18

3.3. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................... 19

3.4. Tiu ch nh gi ..................................................................................................... 22

3.5. Cu hi chun b ..................................................................................................... 23

Bi 4. SN XUT RU T TRI CY ...................................................................... 24

4.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................ 24

4.2. Nguyn liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b ................................................................. 24

4.3. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................... 26

4.4. Yu cu sn phm ................................................................................................... 28

4.5. Yu cu vit bo co ............................................................................................... 28

2

4.6. Cu hi .................................................................................................................... 29

Bi 5. SN XUT GII KHT C GAS ........................................................................ 30

5.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................ 30


5.3. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................... 32

5.4. Yu cu n i dung bo co ....................................................................................... 35

5.5. Tiu ch nh gi ..................................................................................................... 35

5.6. Cu hi .................................................................................................................... 36

BI 6. SN XUT TNG T ...................................................................................... 37

6.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................ 37


6.4. Yu cu n i dung bo co ....................................................................................... 40

6.5. Tiu ch nh gi ..................................................................................................... 40

6.6. Cu hi .................................................................................................................... 41

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 42

3

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng 1. Phn b thi gian thc hnh ................................................................................ 5

Bng 2. Tiu ch nh gi chung ...................................................................................... 6

Bng 3. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 1 .................................... 7

Bng 4. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 2 ..................................... 11




Bng 8. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 6 ........................................................... 28


Bng 10. D tr tng ha cht, dng c, thit b ............................................................... 34

Bng 11. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 6 (1 t 3 4 SV) ................................. 35

Bng 12. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 6 ................................... 36

Bng 13. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh ........................................................................ 38

4

DANH MC HNH

Hnh 1. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng ........................................................ 9

Hnh 2. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh bng lan .............................................. 14

Hnh 3. Biu thy phn ................................................................................................. 20

Hnh 4. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut vang nho ...................................................... 26

Hnh 5. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nc bo ha CO2 ...................................... 32

Hnh 6. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht pha ch ................................ 33

Hnh 7. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut tng t ....................................................... 39

5

GII THIU HC PHN

1. Mc tiu:

Sau khi hc xong hc phn ny, sinh vin c kh nng:

- Trnh by c cc qu trnh c bn ng dng trong cng ngh sn xut ng, bnh,

ko, ru, bia, nc gii kht, nc chm gia v.

- Trnh by c cc qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ng, bnh, ko, ru, bia, nc gii

kht, nc chm gia v.

- Chun b dng c, tnh ton, d tr nguyn vt liu sn xut ra sn phm theo qui trnh.

- Nu ln c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng m t s sn phm bnh ko quy m phng th

nghim. Lm c s cho vic m r ng pham vi sn xut, ch bin sau ny.

2. Yu cu:

- D lp: 100%

- Chun b y nguyn liu, dng c, ha cht cho mi bi thc hnh.

- c k phn hng dn l thuyt thc hnh mi bi thc hnh trc khi ln lp.

- Vit bo co sau mi bi thc hnh theo n i dung ging vin yu cu.

3. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh

Bng 1. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh

STT Tn bi S tit Ghi ch

1 Sn xut ko cng 5

2 Sn xut bnh bng lan 5

3 Sn xut bia 5

4 Sn xut ru 5

5 Sn xut nc gii kht pha ch 5

6 Sn xut tng 5

TNG 30

4. nh gi hc phn

- D lp: C m t t i phng thc hnh 100% tng s thi gian.

- im nh gi hc phn: im trung bnh c ng ca cc bi thc hnh c trong hc

phn.

6

5. nh gi bi thc hnh

Bng 2. Tiu ch nh gi chung

STT Tiu ch nh gi im

1 thc t chc, k lut 1

2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm 2

7 Bo co 2

TNG 10

7

Bi 1. SN XUT KO CNG

Mc tiu:

Sau khi hc xong bi ny, sinh vin c kh nng:

- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht dng sn xut ko cng.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng sn phm ko cng quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

1.1. Gii thiu

Ko cng hng tri cy l m t lo i ko c lm t nguyn liu chnh l ng

saccharose, cht chng hi ng (mt tinh b t, m ch nha), acid, hng v mu thc

phm. L sn phm c th cung cp nng lng nhanh chng cho c th con ngi.

1.2. Nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b

1.2.1. Nguyn liu: 3-4 sinh vin/t

- ng ct : 300g

- M ch nha : 100g

1.2.2. Ho cht, dng c, thit b.

Bng 3. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 1

A. HA CHT 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Acid citric G 3

2 Mui NaCl G 5

3 Mu thc phm , vng G 1

4 Hng cam ml 2

5 Hng du ml 2

6 Shorterning chng dnh G 20

B. DNG C 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn dng c Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ni Inox nh ci 1

2 T nha ci 2

3 Chn nha ci 2

4 Ry Inox ci 1

5 Khay Inox ci 2

8

6 Tht ci 1

7 Dao Inox ln ci 2

8 a ci cy 1

9 V Inox ci 1

10 Cn ng h 1kg ci 2

11 Bp ga mini ci 1

12 Mung inox nh cn di ci 1

13 ng ong nha 100ml ci 1

14 Cy cn b t cy 1

15 Pipet nha ci 2

16 Nhit k 0-2000C ci 1

17 Nc ra chn ml 200

18 Bao ny lon ln 30x40 cm tm 2 SV chun b

19 Bao ho c h p ng ko ci 2 SV chun b

20 Bao tay xp i 4 SV chun b

21 Bao tay chng nng i 4 SV chun b

C. THIT B 1 nhm ln

STT Tn thit b Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Cn in t 2 s l ci 1

2 My hn bao b ci 1

9

1.3. Thc hnh

1.3.1. S cng ngh

t0 = 115

0C

t0

= 135-1400C

Hnh 1. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng

1.3.2. Cc bc tin hnh

Bc 1: Phi liu

- Tnh ton phi liu ng, m ch nha.

- Cn nguyn liu: ng, mach nha, acid, mu thc phm theo ng khi lng.

Bc 2: Ho tan

- Tnh lng nc ho tan ng c dung dch siro Bx=80-81%

- Cho nc + ng + mui n + m ch nha nu nhit 1150C cho tan ht ng.

- a mu thc phm ha tan vo t mu theo yu cu (tu thu c vo lo i hng

s dng m chn mu cho vo), khuy u.

- Lc dung dch qua ry.

Nguyn liu

Phi liu

Ho tan

Nu ko

Lm ngu i, t o hnh

Bao gi

Thnh phm

10

Bc 3: Nu ko

- Gia nhit khi ko nhit 135- 1400C, khuy cho n khi khi ko t m

W95%.

- B sung acid citric, hng vo o u, em i lm ngu i.

* Theo di nhit , thi gian nu.

Bc 4: Lm ngui - To hnh

- Khay kh s ch qut 1 lp shortening chng dnh.

- ko ra khay, nhi cho khi ko do u.

- Cun khi ko thnh dy c ng knh khong 1cm, ct ko thnh tng vin di

khong 2- 2,5cm.

Bc 5: Bao gi

Dng nylon gi tng vin ko. ng ko thnh gi c kch thc 10x20(cm), cho nhn

vo hn ming bao ko l i.

1.3.3. Yu cu thnh phm

- Vin ko trong, mi thm ca hng liu.

- V ngt hi c v chua ca acid.

- Ko cng gin, khng dnh rng.

- Vin ko ng u ng kch thc quy nh.

- Bao gi p, ng kch thc quy nh, c nhn sn phm p, r rng, thng tin y

.

1.4. Yu cu vit bo co

- Tng quan v sn phm. Tm hiu m t vi cng thc sn xut ko cng khc.

- Cng thc, cch tnh phi liu.

- Trnh by s cng ngh.

- Chun b nguyn liu, dng c.

- Cch tin hnh.

- Ghi l i cc thng s nhit , thi gian. Nu nh hng ca nhit , thi gian n cht

lng sn phm.

11

- nh gi cht lng sn phm (da vo cc ch tiu cm quan).

1.5. Cu hi

Cu 1. Trong sn xut ko cng hy trnh by vai tr ca acid citric.

Cu 2. Da vo kin thc l thuyt, gii thch t i sao cng o n ha tan phi ha tan

ng hon ton.

12

Bi 2. SN XUT BNH BNG LAN NNG

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht dng sn xut bnh bng lan.

- Vn dng nhng tnh cht ca nguyn liu bnh khng b chai cng ho c b qu

mm.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng sn phm bnh bng lan quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

2.1. Gii thiu

Bnh bng lan l sn phm c lm t b t m, ng, sa, trng, b, vani, b t

ni... nn bnh c gi tr dinh dng cao. Hin nay bnh c sn xut vi nhiu lo i

khc nhau: bnh bng lan b, bng lan chanh, bng lan cun...


2.2.1. Nguyn liu: 3-4 sinh vin/t

- B t m s 8: 120g

- ng ct xay nhuyn: 120g

- Trng g: 6 qu

- Cam snh: 1 tri

- Vani: 1 ng

2.2.2. Ho cht, dng c, thit b.

Bng 4. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 2.

A. HA CHT 1t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 NaHCO3 b t g 5

2 Shorterning g 20

B. DNG C 1t 3 - 4 sinh vin


1 Ni Inox nh 1,5 lt ci 1

2 Thau nha ci 2

13

3 Ry Inox ci 1

4 Khay Inox ci 2

5 Tht ci 1

6 Dao Inox ci 2

7 a ci 1

8 Cn ng h 1kg ci 2

9 Bp ga mini ci 1

10 Khun bnh trn ci 8

11 Kp gp khay bnh ci 02

12 X bng g 200

13 Bao tay vi chng nng

i 4 SV chun b

Bao, h p gi bnh ci 1 SV chun b

14 Bao tay xp i 4 SV chun b

C. THIT B 1 nhm ln


1 Cn in t 2 s l ci 2

2 My hn bao b ci 1

3 Ci xay ng ci 1

4 My nh trng ci 1

5 L nng bnh nhiu tng

ci 1

14

2.3. Thc hnh

2.3.1. S cng ngh

Hnh 2. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh bng lan

2.3.2.Cc bc tin hnh

Bc 1: Kim tra nguyn liu

- Kim tra trng: Khng b va, h, thi

- Kim tra b t m: Khng vn cc; khng mc, hi, su mt

- B t soda, b t SAPP: Khng b vn cc

- Mui, ng: Khng c t p cht

- Nho kh, mt tri cy kh: Khng mc, khng t p cht, khng c mi ln men chua

Bc 2: Chun b nguyn liu

Hn hp b t

Thnh phm

t: 170-180C

t: 25-35 pht

nh 2 giai o n

X l nguyn liu

Tr n b t

Rt khun

Nng

Lm ngu i

Chn la,Bao gi

Nguyn liu

nh kem

15

- Hn hp b t: B t m, b t soda, b t SAPP em sng qua ry cho ti, mn. Tr n u b t

soda, b t SAPP vo b t m

- Trng ra s ch, p lo i v.

- ng ct cho vo ci xay mn.

- Dng my nh trng nh hn hp b, du thnh d ng st, ng u

- Nu dng nho kh, nguyn h t. Nu dng mt tri cy kh, ct h t lu khong 8-

10mm

Bc 3: nh kem

- Giai o n 1: Cho trng, ng, nc, mui, vani, hng b vo ci tr n, nh tc

chm cho hn hp tng i u. Tip tc nh tr n tc cao cho n khi hn hp

ng nht

- Giai o n 2: Tip tc cho hn hp b du vo hn hp trn v nh tr n tc thp

cho ti khi t o thnh hn hp mn, ng nht. Kt qu thu c hn hp kem

- Lu : Giai on ny khng nh trn tc cao hoc qu lu v kem c th b va

(h nh tng b ph hy)

Bc 4: Trn bt

- Bt ci tr n tc thp. Cho t t hn hp b t m vo hn hp kem (ho c c th chia

b t m lm 02 phn, cho vo 2 ln) v tip tc tr n tc thp cho ti khi b t phn tn

vo khi kem tng i u. Bt ci tr n tc va trong t giy cho ti khi quan st

thy b t phn tn ng u trong khi kem.

- Tip tc cho nho kh (ho c mt tri cy kh ct nh) vo v tr n tc thp trong

t giy phn tn tng i u vo b t nho. Kt thc qu trnh tr n b t.

Lu :

- Trong qu trnh nh kem & trn bt, phi thng xuyn ngng my vt phn kem,

bt khng phn tn u, b dnh y & trn thnh ca ci trn

- Thi gian trn bt khng qu lu

Bc 5: Rt khun

- Thoa m t lp mng shorteing vo cc khun, chun b sn. Nu s dng chn giy

rt b t nho th khng cn thoa khun. Rt b t nho vo tng khun/chn giy (lng

b t nho khong 8 phn 10 chiu cao khun/chn giy).

16

- Xp cc khun m t cch ng u trn khay nng (mi khun cch nhau 5-6 cm theo

hng dc & hng ngang). Chuyn ti l nng.

Bc 6: Nng

- Chun b l nng: ci nhit trong khong 170-1800C (nhit cao thp ty theo

ng knh, chiu cao khun). Bt l, ci t ch la trn, la di, c i lu (nu

l c ch ny).

- Cho khay nng vo l cng sm cng tt (ngay sau khi rt khun), ghi nhn thi gian

nng v quan st s bin i tr ng thi b m t bnh.

- Thi gian nng khong 25-35 pht ty thu c theo ng knh, chiu cao khun

- Khi b m t bnh c mu vng v c nhiu vt nt n, dng que tm cm vo ru t bnh

kim tra chn. Khi rt que tm ra, nu thy u tm kh ro l bnh chn. Ly

khay nng ra khi l, kt thc qu trnh nng

Bc 7: Lm ngui

Ly bnh ra khi khay ngay khi nng xong. Lm ngu i bnh khong 15 pht n

nhit phng.

2.3.3. Yu cu thnh phm

- Tr ng thi: Bnh c mu vng n vng hi sm, c nhiu vt r n nt trn b m t;

khng chy kht, khng b sng.

- Cu trc: Bnh mm, t xp, n u, khng b rt, khng b chai cng, cu trc hi dai,

nhng n d tan trong ming.

- Mi v: Mi thm c trng b ca bnh muffin, khng c mi kht ho c mi l . V

ngt, bo c trng.


- Gii thiu m t s hnh nh v cc lo i bnh muffin.

- Trnh by s cng ngh.

- Chun b nguyn liu, dng c.

- Cch tin hnh.

- nh gi cht lng sn phm (da vo cc ch tiu cm quan)

2.5. Cu hi

Hy gii thch c ch t o xp ca bnh bng lan?

17

Bi 3. SN XUT BIA

Mc tiu:


- Trnh by c cc ch nhit cn thit thy phn nguyn liu trong cng

ngh sn xut bia

- Nu c m t s yu t nh hng n hiu sut ca qu trnh thy phn

- Trnh by c ch nhit cn thit houblon ha dch ng trong cng ngh

sn xut bia

- Nu ln c m t s yu t nh hng n qu trnh houblon ha dch ng

- Trnh by c phng php thc hin qu trnh ln men dch ng trong cng

ngh sn xut bia.

- Nu c m t s yu t nh hng n qu trnh ln men dch ng.

3.1. Gii thiu

thy phn nguyn liu cn t o ra ch nhit v pH ti thch cho cc enzim

c trong nguyn liu ho t ng. Chng xc tc qu trnh thy phn cc hp cht cao

phn t trong nguyn liu thnh nhng cht c phn t lng thp hn, nhng cht ny

l ngun dinh dng cho nm men giai o n ln men.

un si dch ng vi hoa houblon nhm mc ch trch ly cht ng, tinh du

thm, polyphenol, cc hp cht cha nit ca houblon vo dch nha lm cho dch nha

c v ng, hng thm c trng.

Polyphenol ca houblon khi ha tan vo dch ng nhit cao s kt hp vi

cc cht protein cao phn t thnh phc cht d kt lng chng s hp ph cc c n trong

dch ng lng theo. Nh vy m dch ng trong hn, tnh cht sinh hc v bn keo

ca dch ng c n nh.

Cht ng, hp cht cha nit, polyphenol trong houblon c tc dng t o sc cng

b m t cho bia nn cc bt kh CO2 trong bia kh thot ra khi b m t ca bia. Do c

th ni rng cc hp cht trn l tc nhn t o bt v gi bt cho bia.

Khi nu dch nha vi Houblon th cng mu ca dch tng, do t o thnh

melanoid, do s oxy ha ca polyphenol v do cht mu trong houblon c ha tan vo

dch ng.

Acid ng ca houblon ha tan vo dch ng nn pH ca dch ng gim 0,2

18

0,3% so vi pH ban u, ph hp vi pH ca mi trng nui nm men.

Nh nhit cao m vi sinh vt t b t malt, t khng kh, thit b xm nhp vo

dch ng u b tiu dit, ng thi v ho t cc enzim c trong dch ng.

Qu trnh ln men l qu trnh chuyn dung dch ng (sn phm ca qu trnh

ng ha) thnh ru, CO2 v cc sn phm ph di tc dng ca nm men thng qua

ho t ng sng ca chng. Trong qu trnh quan trng nht l qu trnh ln men ru,

ngoi ra trong dch ln men cn din ra nhiu qu trnh ha sinh, sinh l phc t p khc.

Nhng qu trnh ny ng m t vai tr rt quan trng trong thnh phn cht lng bia.

Qu trnh ln men gm hai giai o n chnh:

- Giai o n tng sinh khi ca nm men: Trong dch ng c y cht dinh dng

v m t lng oxy va cho nm men s dng tng sinh khi. Lc ny t bo ny chi

v pht trin nhanh.

- Giai o n ln men: Khi ht O2 nm men bt u bin i ng thnh ru etylic

v CO2.

Qu trnh ln men c c im:

- L qu trnh ln men a mc tiu. Ngoi phn ng quan trng nht l phn ng

t o thnh CO2 & C2H5OH cn phi thu nhn c m t hn hp dch ln men gm

nhiu cu t vi t l hi ha, cn i.

-Vic nh gi cht lng sn phm ln men khng ch nh gi da vo hm

lng sn phm chnh m cn phi cn c vo tp hp nhiu ch s khc. M t t l thch

hp v khi lng cc cu t trong dch ng houblon ha cn phi tn t i trong bia,

cng vi nhng hp cht t o thnh trong qu trnh ln men v cc qu trnh sau t o ra

s c th ring v hng, v v nhiu tnh cht khc ca bia thnh phm.


3.2.1. Nguyn liu (Tnh cho 10 t/1nhm)

- Malt i m ch: 8kg

- Nm men ging: 1 ng

- Hoa houblon d ng vin: 100g

3.2.2 Ha cht, dng c, thit b


19

A. HA CHT

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch n v tnh S lng

1 Iod 0,1N ml 100

2 Cn 960 Ml 1000

3 Bng thm Cu n Gam 200

4 Dch men sa ml 100

B. DNG C

1 Cc nha 1000ml ci 10


3 Ni inox 5 lt ci 10

4 Ni inox 2,5 lt Ci 10

5 a tre i 10

6 Mung Inox Ci 10

7 Thau nha 30cm Ci 10

8 Ry nha Ci 10

9 Ci chy s B 10

10 Pipet nha Ci 10

11 Pipet 5ml Ci 10

12 Pipet 10ml Ci 10

13 Pipet 1ml Ci 10

14 Bnh tia Ci 10

15 Cc thy tinh 500ml Ci 10

16 Bp gas Ci 10

C. THIT B

1 Brix k 0-32 ci 2

2 Brix k 0-50 Ci 2

3 Thit b thanh trng Ci 1

4 My nghin Ci 1

5 Cn 4 s Ci 1

6 Bp in Ci 10

3.3. Thc hnh

3.3.1. Thy phn nguyn liu malt

Bc 1: Thu phn nguyn liu:

- Cn 600 gam malt i m ch, nghin nh

20

- Tin hnh thu phn theo phng php ngm chit ho c phng php un si tng phn (lu th iode xc nh thi im kt thc qu trnh ng ho).

Hnh 3. Biu thy phn

- Lc tch b, thu dch trong (em bo qun l nh)

- Xc nh Bx ca dch thu phn

Bc 2: Xc nh hiu sut thu phn:

nh gi qu trnh thu phn di tc dng ca enzyme phi xc nh %

cht kh chuyn vo dch ln men so vi lng nguyn liu ban u, hay ni

cch khc l phi xc nh hiu sut chit E:

%...96,0

G

dVE

Trong :

V - Th tch ca dch ng nng sau khi thy phn, lt

- Nng ca dch ng, %

d - Khi lng ring ca dch ng, kg/lt

G - Khi lng nguyn liu dng nu bia, kg

0,96: H s hiu chnh cho vic gim th tch ca dch ng do lm ngu i.

3.3.2. Houblon ha

21

Bc 1: Houblon ha

- un si dch thu phn, vt bt trn b m t dch

- Cho vin houblon vo, lng hoa cho vo 0,10,2% so vi lng dch.

- Tip tc duy tr dung dch si trong 90 pht (b sung nc nu cn)

Bc 2: Tch c n, lm ngu i

- Tch c n bng phng php lng ho c lc

- Chuyn vo bnh tam gic 1000ml

- Lm ngu i dch houblon ha n nhit phng

- Xc nh Bx ca dch houblon ha.

- Bc1: Xc nh mt t bo nm men.

- Sinh vin xc nh mt t bo nm men trong bnh men ging bng cch m s

lng t bo nm men. (Yu cu n l i trong hc phn Th nghim vi sinh vt hc

thc phm).

- Tnh th tch men ging cn thit thc hin qu trnh ln men. Ch mt t

bo nm men trong dch ln men khng nh hn 20 triu t bo/1ml dch ln men.

- Bc 2: Thc hin ln men.

- Dng bnh tam gic 1 lt ln men. Trc khi ln men, bnh cn c ra s ch v

st trng k.

- Dch ng sau khi tch b hoa houblon xong cho thng vo bnh (cho 750ml dch

ng) ri lm ngu i n nhit ln men. Sau cho men ging vo can v gi

bnh nhit ln men thch hp tin hnh ln men chnh.

- Trong qu trnh ln men cn ly mu theo di s gim cht kh hng

- ngy. Khi thy nng cht kh ch gim 0,2%/ ngy m v lp bt trn b m t

dch (trong bnh) xp xung th coi nh qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc. Sn phm

thu c gi l bia non.

3.3.2. Ln men bia

Bc 1: Xc nh mt t bo nm men.

- Sinh vin xc nh mt t bo nm men trong bnh men ging bng cch m s

lng t bo nm men. (Yu cu n l i trong hc phn Th nghim vi sinh vt hc thc

phm).

- Tnh th tch men ging cn thit thc hin qu trnh ln men. Ch mt t

bo nm men trong dch ln men khng nh hn 20 triu t bo/1ml dch ln men.

22

Bc 2: Thc hin ln men.

- Dng bnh tam gic 1 lt ln men. Trc khi ln men, bnh cn c ra s ch v

st trng k.

- Dch ng sau khi tch b hoa houblon xong cho thng vo bnh (cho 750ml dch

ng) ri lm ngu i n nhit ln men. Sau cho men ging vo can v gi

bnh nhit ln men thch hp tin hnh ln men chnh.

Trong qu trnh ln men cn ly mu theo di s gim cht kh hng ngy. Khi

thy nng cht kh ch gim 0,2%/ ngy m v lp bt trn b m t dch (trong bnh)

xp xung th coi nh qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc. Sn phm thu c gi l bia

non.

3.4. Tiu ch nh gi

Bng 6. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh

STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm: (n p vo bui thc hnh tip theo)

Sn phm dch thy phn

- t yu cu v k thut

Mi thm c trng, khng c v l , khng b chua

Bx < 4

- s lng theo yu cu (mi nhm c c ti thiu 1,5 lt dch ln men t yu cu)

Sn phm hoblon ha:

- t yu cu v k thut

- trong: khng cn c n l lng

- Bx ca dch houblon t 12 n 13

- s lng theo yu cu (mi nhm c c 2 lt dch houblon)

1

1

23

7 Bo co

- Hnh thc trnh by bo co

- N i dung bi bo co y yu cu ra

0,5

1,5

TNG 10

3.5. Cu hi chun b

Cu 1. Trnh by ngha ca vic ln men trong cng ngh sn xut bia

Cu 2. Cc iu kin nh hng n qu trnh ln men bia

24

Bi 4. SN XUT RU T TRI CY

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ho cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut sn phm ru vang t tri cy. - Sn xut v kim sot cht lng sn phm ru vang quy m phng th nghim. - Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm ru vang.

4.1. Gii thiu

Ru vang nguyn thy c lm t nho l m t lo i thc ung c cn c ln men t dch nho, khng qua chng ct. Ru vang thng c ln men t nc p v v qu nho tm hay en, cn ru vang trng c ln men ch t nc nho p ho c c ln men t nc p v v qu nho xanh.

4.2. Nguyn liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b

4.2.1. Nguyn liu - Nho (en): 01kg - Nho xanh: 01 kg

- ng: 400g

4.2.2. Ha cht, dng c, thit b

Bng 7. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng

A. HA CHT 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ging Saccharomyces

2 Cn thc phm 96%V/V ml 100

3 KHSO3 20% dd ml 5

4 Cn cng nghip 96%V/V ml 5

5 Canxi cacbonat rn G 30

6 Acid tartric rn g 20


STT Tn dng c Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Thau nha lo i ln ci 2

25

2 R nha lo i ln ci 2

3 Ry lc ci 1

4 Chn nha ci 1

5 ng ong nha ci 1

6 Mung c ph ci 1

7 Cn ng h 500 g ci 1 dng chung

8 a tre i 1

9 Cc nha 500 ml ci 1

10 Nhit k 1000C ci 1

11 Cn k 0-1000 ci 1

12 Bnh t trng ci 2

13 Bnh ht m ci 2 dng chung

14 Ti vi lc ci 1

15 Phu nha ci 1

C. THIT B Nhm ln

STT Tn thit b Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Cn phn tch 2 s l ci 1

2 Khc x k 0 900Bx ci 2

3 My o pH b 1

4 Thit b chng ct cn b 2 t/b

5 T l nh 200 lt ci 2

26

4.3. Thc hnh

4.3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh

Hnh 4. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut vang nho


Bc 1: X l nguyn liu

- Nho c la chn theo yu cu: qu chn ti, c mm nhng khng c h hng.

- Nho c ra s ch bng nc nhm lo i b t ct, bi bn, vi sinh vt, thuc bo v

thc vt bm bn ngoi v.

- Yu cu sau khi ra: s ch, khng b dp, lng nc tn t nht v thi gian ngm ra

khng c ko di.

- Chm nho phi lo i b cung v cnh ru khng c v ng cht.

- Nghin p cn thn trng, khng lm dp h t nho h n ch gia tng cht cht trong

dch nc nho.

- Phn tht qu phi c x nhuyn.

- i vi nguyn liu nho khi sn xut ru vang trng phi lc b phn v qu.

Yu cu:

- Dch qu nho khng c ln nhng t p cht.

- Hm lng cht kh ca dch > 10%.

Bc 2: Sulfit ha

Sulfit ha

Nguyn liu

X l nguyn liu

Ln men ph

Ln men chnh

Chit chai, ng np

Lc

Hm cn

Thnh phm

Men ging 2% 28 320C

5 7 ngy

Cn thc phm

8 100C

27

- Nho sau khi x l phi a ngay vo sulfit ha cng nhanh cng tt.

- i vi nho khe, s ch bnh: b sung khong 0,30,5% lng dung dch KHSO3 20%

vo dch nho.

- i vi nho b dp hay c hin tng mc: b sung khong 0,50,7% lng dung dch

KHSO3 20% vo dch nho.

Bc 3: Ln men chnh

- Chun ha dch nho trc khi ln men:

Dng khc x k o hm lng cht ha tan trong dch nho trc khi ln men.

Nu hm lng cht ha tan trong dch nho < 1820%, phi chun ha dch bng cch b

sung thm ng. Sinh vin tnh ton lng ng b sung vo dch nho trc ln men.

Dng my o pH o gi tr pH dch nho trc khi ln men. Nu pH 5,5; phi

chun ha dch bng cch b sung thm axit tartric n pH = 55,5.

Yu cu:

- Nng cht ha tan 1820%

- pH = 55,5

- B sung 10% men ging vo dch nho.

- Cho dch nho sau khi phi tr n vo h c v sinh ng theo quy nh.

- Thc hin ln men nhit 28 320C/ 57 ngy.

Yu cu:

- Theo di din bin ca qu trnh ln men:

Nhit

pH

Nng ru

- Xc nh c thi im kt thc ln men

- Dch trc khi ln men khng c nhim vi sinh vt ( c bit l vi khun lactic).

Bc 4: Hm cn

- Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh cn phi kim tra cn ca dch sau khi ln

men chnh bng cch tin hnh chng ct tch cn, sau tin hnh o hm lng cn

(xem bi 2, bc 10 - phn 2.3.2).

- Nu hm lng cn < 15%V/V, phi b sung cn thc phm vo khi ln men thc

hin vic hm cn.

Yu cu: Tnh ton lng cn thc phm b sung vo t nng theo yu cu.

Bc 5: Ln men ph

28

Nhit ln men ph < 15oC/ 10 ngy. Thi gian ln men ph cng lu th ru vang c

hng v cng thm ngon v hi ha.

Yu cu: Thc hin ng ch ln men ph.

Bc 6: Lc

S dng ti vi lc ho c giy lc tin hnh lc hn hp ln men nhm thu hi dung

dch ru.

Yu cu: ru sau khi lc phi trong sut.

Bc 7: Chit rt, ng chai, dn nhn

Ru vang c rt vo chai d bo qun v vn chuyn. Sau khi rt vo chai,

tin hnh y nt kn trnh s xm nhp ca cc vi sinh vt t bn ngoi. Tip chai

c dn nhn theo ng quy nh.

Yu cu:

- Np phi kn chc, khng b h.

- m bo ng th tch ca sn phm.

- Nhn phi ng qui nh.

4.4. Yu cu sn phm

Mi nhm phi sn xut c 1 chai sn phm ru:

- Dung tch: 500ml

- Cht lng: ru t 15 - 16O

- Sn phm c bao gi ng quy cch.


- V s qui trnh cng ngh (km cc thng s k thut c c t thc nghim).

- Nu bn cht, mc ch cng ngh ca tng cng o n.

- Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

- Nu sn phm b li, phn tch c nguyn nhn gy li cho sn phm v ra bin

php khc phc.

4.6. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

29

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm:

- t v ch tiu cm quan

- t dung tch theo yu cu

- ng gi ng quy cch

- t etanol theo yu cu

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

4.6. Cu hi

Cu 1: sn xut ru vang nho, nguyn liu nho phi p ng yu cu g? Cu 2: Tnh lng cn b sung t ru theo yu cu.

30

Bi 5. SN XUT GII KHT C GAS

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, d tr dng c, thit b dng sn xut nc

bo ha CO2.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng nc bo ha CO2 quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng nc bo ha CO2.

- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b dng sn xut cc lo i nc

gii kht pha ch c gas.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng cc lo i nc gii kht pha ch c gas quy m

phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng nc gii kht pha ch c gas.

5.1. Gii thiu

Nc bo ha CO2 l m t bn thnh phm c vai tr quan trng quyt nh n cht

lng nc gii kht. Vai tr ca CO2 trong nc gii kht:

+ T o bt lm tng gi tr cm quan.

+ Khng ch c s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

+ Khi chuyn t lng hi CO2 hp thu nhit nn dng CO2 gii nhit.

+ CO2 tan trong nc t o acid lm cho NGK c v chua du hn.

Nc gii kht pha ch c gas c pha ch t nguyn liu ch yu l nc cng

vi cc thnh phn cht ho tan khc nh: ng, CO2, acid thc phm, hng liu, cht

mu


5.2.1. Nguyn liu (1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin)

- Mui NaCl: 0,5kg

- Chai nha pet 1500ml: 2 chai

- ng: 500 g


31

Bng 9. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng

A. HA CHT 1 t 3 4 SV

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch /v tnh

S lng Ghi ch

1 Acid citric rn g 10

2 Hng cam, chanh, s x, du

lng ml 03 mi lo i

3 Mu Sunset yellow rn g 0,5

4 Mu Caramen lng ml 03

5 Mu du rn g 0,5

6 CO2 kh nn bnh 01

B. DNG C 1 t 3 4 SV


1 Bp ga/bp in ci 1

2 Bx k 01000Bx ci 1

3 Cn ng h 1 kg ci 1 dng chung


5 Cc nha 250ml ci 1

6 ng ong 100ml ci 1

7 Nhit k 01000C ci 1

8 Ni inox 3060 cm ci 1

9 ng nh git nha ci 1

10 Phu nha 5 cm ci 1

11 V inox ci 1

12 a tre i 1

13 Chai pet + np nha 0,5; 1,5 lt ci 2 mi lo i

14 Chai thy tinh 330 ml ci 3

15 Np ci 5

16 Dng c khui np chai ci 01

17 Dng c o CO2 0100psi b 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn phn tch 2 s l ci 01 dng chung

2 My o pH ci 02

32

3 Khc x k 01000Bx

Nht

ci 02

4 My ng np chai pet ci 01

5 My bo ha CO2 ci 01

6 My ng np chai thy tinh

ci 01

5.3. Thc hnh

5.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh

Hnh 5. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nc bo ha CO2

X l

Bo ha CO2

Lm l nh

NC CO2

CO2

X l

Nc s ch

33

Nu

Lc

Chit rt

Phi tr n

X l

Sir trng

ng nt Kim tra

X l Ngm ra

Bi kh

Lm l nh

Bo ha CO2

Tng tr

Dn nhn

Kim tra

X l

CO2 Nc ng Chai

Sn phm

Hnh 6. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht pha ch


5.3.2.1. Sn xut nc bo ha CO2

Bc 1: V sinh thit b bo ha CO2

Trc khi sn xut phi tin hnh v sinh thit b bo ha CO2 nhm m bo an ton v

sinh cht lng thc phm.

Bc 2: X l nc

Cht lng ca nc c nh hng ln n mi v, ch tiu cm quan v qu trnh bo

ha CO2 ca sn phm. S dng nc thy cc cho qu trnh bo ha.

Tin hnh bm nc qua cc c t lc cation v anion, sau nc i qua thit b thm

thu ngc, sc ozn, x l UV.

Bc 3: Kim tra cht lng nc

Sau khi x l, nc c a vo cha trong bn chun b sn xut nc gii kht. Tin

hnh cm quan nc v mi, v, trong. Nc t yu cu mi tip tc cc bc tip

sau. Nc khng t yu cu cho bm tun hon x l l i.

34

Bc 4: Lm l nh nc

M van kh tin hnh lm l nh nc xung nhit 13oC th t yu cu.

Bc 5: Bo ha CO2

- M t t van n p kh CO2 vo thit b bo ha n p sut qui nh: 56 kg/cm2.

5.3.2.2. Sn xut nc gii kht c gas

Bc 1: Chun b siro mi

Cn 300g ng v 170 g nc cho vo ni ri gia nhit kt hp vi vic khuy o lin

tc cho n dch ng si (100oC) trong 5 pht.

Lm ngu i sir xung 80oC v cho 5g citric vo kt hp vi vic khuy tr n lin tc

trong 10 pht.

Tip tc lm ngu i sir xung nhit phng (30oC) bng phng php t nhin hay

dng nc lm ngu i.

Khi nhit ca siro t 30oC th cho 3 ml hng cam (chanh, s x, du), 1ml mu

sunset yellow (mu caramen, du) vo kt hp vi vic khuy tr n cho hng phn tn

u.

Bc 2: Chun b nc bo ha CO2

Nc bo ha CO2 sn xut vo bui hc trc.

Bc 3: Chit rt

Chai 200ml c v sinh t yu cu sn sng chit rt.

Dng ng ong nh lng th tch siro cn thit cho vo chai chun b (th tch

siro cn thit do hc sinh t tnh ton). Sau , rt nc bo ho CO2 vo chai cho n

y kt hp vi vic ng np, sau cng dng tay lc u siro phn tn u trong nc

bo ho CO2. Ch : chai khi ng np phi thng v vung gc vi ca my ng

np.

Bc 4: Kim tra v dn nhn

- C th kim tra kn ca np bng cch nhng ngc u chai vo trong thng nc.

+ Nu c xut hin nhng tia kh nh th np b h. Khui np v ng l i np khc.

+ Nu khng c xut hin nhng tia kh nh th np kn hon ton, lau kh v dn

nhn hon thin sn phm.

5.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

35

- Mi nhm pha ch 2 chai (1500ml) vi ch tiu hm lng CO2: 5g/l.

- Sn phm nc gii kht pha ch c mu sc, mi v c trng cho tng lo i sn phm.

- Hm lng ng trong sn phm nc gii kht khong 10 -12% ty theo ch tiu ca

tng lo i.

5.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co

- V s qui trnh cng ngh (km cc thng s k thut c c t thc nghim).

- Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

- Nu sn phm b li: phn tch nguyn nhn gy li cho sn phm v ra bin php

khc phc.

5.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm nc bo ha CO2 - t v ch tiu v s lng: 2 chai nc bo ha CO2 th tch 1,5 lt - p sut 5g/l Sn phm - Mu sc ging mu chun - Bx ging mu chun - acid ging mu chun

1

1

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

36

5.6. Cu hi

Cu 1: Nu mc ch ca tng cng o n trong quy trnh. Cng o n no quyt nh cht lng sn phm.

Cu 2: Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

Cu 3: Nu mc ch ca tng cng o n trong quy trnh. Cng o n no quyt nh cht lng sn phm.

Cu 4: Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

37

BI 6. SN XUT TNG T

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut tng t.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng tng t quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c m t s yu t nh hng n cht lng tng t.

6.1. Gii thiu

Tng t l m t gia v ph bin trong cu c sng hin i. y l sn phm c

lm ch yu t cc lo i t ti v m t s lo i nguyn liu khc. Qua cc qu trnh c hc

n gin nh xay, nghin; gia nhit v b sung cc ph gia, ta s t o c sn phm

tng t d ng st, thm ngon, cay nng.


6.2.1. Nguyn liu

Bng 11. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 6 (1 t 3 4 SV)



A. Ha cht 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Mu ponceau 4R rn G 1 dng cho thc phm

2 Natri benzoat rn G 2 dng cho thc phm

3 Xanthan gum rn G 5 dng cho thc phm

4 CMC rn G 5 dng cho thc phm


STT Tn dng c Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

STT Tn nguyn liu Khi lng (g) Ghi ch

1 t 200

2 Hnh tm xay 100

3 Ti 100

4 ng 100

5 B t ngt 50

6 Mui 100

7 Tinh b t bp 50

8 Tiu trng (s) xay 50

38

1 Thau Ci 01

2 R nha Ci 01

3 Ni inox Ci 01

4 Bp ga (in) ci 01

5 Dao ci 02

6 Ry ci 02

7 V inox ci 01

8 a tre i 02

9 Chn nha ci 04

10 Tht ci 01

11 Cc ong nha 250ml ci 01

12 Phu nha ci 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln

STT Tn thit b Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Cn in t ci 01

2 My xay t ci 01

3 My xay sinh t ci 04

4 My ng np chai ci 01

39

6.3. Thc hnh 6.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh:

Hnh 7. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut tng t


Bc 1 : Chun b

- t la chn qu chn , ra s ch, b cung, b h t, em cn xc nh khi lng, sau

cho vo thit b xay chun b cho qu trnh nu.

- Ti sau khi bc v c em cn v xay mn.

- Cn tinh b t, cho nc vo khuy u khng b vn cc.

- Cn cc gia v v ph gia.

Bc 2 : Nu

- Cho t vo ni nu, sau cho ti xay mn vo.

- un si 10 pht ri cho tinh b t ha nc vo ni.

- Sau 5 pht cho cc gia v ph gia vo ni nu.

- un si 10 pht.

Bc 3 : Lm ngu i

- Lm ngu i tng t xung nhit khong 500C.

Nguyn liu

Cht bo qun

Gia v

Hon thin sn phm

Nu

Lm ngu i

X l

Rt chai

Thnh phm

Tinh b t

40

Bc 4: Rt chai

- Rt nhanh tng t vo chai (i vi chai thu tinh th khng cn gii nhit). Chai:

thng dng hai lo i chai, chai thy tinh v chai nha.

- Khi chai c rt y s thc hin cc khu tip theo nh: y np, dn nhn, chp

mng co

Bc 5: Bo n sn phm

- Sn phm s c bo qun trong 1 thng. Sau sn phm c cm quan v so snh

vi mu tng t trn th trng.

6.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- Tng t c mu c trng ca sn phm.

- st t yu cu, khng qu lng hay c.

- cay va phi, c v chua cay hi ha.

- Khng b tch lp sau thi gian bo qun.

6.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co

Cu t o, thnh phn ha hc ca t

Ngun nguyn liu t trong nc

Qui trnh sn xut v gii thch

Nhn xt sn phm, so snh vi sn phm c trn th trng

6.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm

- t v ch tiu cm quan:

+ st

+ Mi thm c trng ca tng t

0,5

0,5

41

+ V cay, chua hi ha

+ Mu ti ca tng t

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

6.6. Cu hi Cu 1. Nu qui trnh sn xut tng t v thuyt minh qui trnh vi cc thng s c c t thc nghim. Cu 2. Lo i tng t no ang chim th phn ln trn th trng Vit Nam.

42

T I LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Th Hin (2006), Khoa hc Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.

[2] Hong nh Ha (2002), Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.

[3] L Thanh Mai (ch bin) (2005), Cc phng php phn tch ngnh cng ngh ln men, NXB khoa hc v k thut H N i.

[4] Nguyn nh Thng (1986), K thut sn xut nc gii kht, NXB khoa hc v k

thut H N i.

[5] L B ch Tuyt, Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc phm, i hc

Bch khoa H N i, 1996

43

T I LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Nguyn Hu Quyn, Nguyn Th Cc, Bi ging Cng ngh sn xut ng- Bnh

ko phn 1,2, Trng i hc Cng nghip thc phm TP.HCM, 2010.

[2]. Nguyn Th Cc, Nguyn Ph c, ng Th Yn, Bi ging thc hnh Cng ngh

sn xut ng bnh ko, Trng i hc Cng nghip thc phm TP.HCM, 2012.

[3]. H Hu Long, K thut sn xut ko, NXB Khoa hc k thut, 1984.

[4]. Bi c Hi, Nguyn Th Thanh, K thut sn xut bnh ko, Trng i Hc

Khoa Hc Cng Nghip nh, 1975.

[5]. Triu Th Chi, K thut nu nng, S Gio dc Tp.HCM, 1989.

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