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Ekk÷;k-fo|k-foKku-O;klaxkpk-ck;ksMkVk- thou gk vKkrakrhy izokl vkgs- cgqrsd yksdthoukP;k okVpkyhpsa ljG fuosnu djrkr- eyk gsaterfg ukgha vkf.k iVrfg ukgha- thou cs nqus pkjv’kk xf.krkxr i)rhusa O;rhar gksr ulrsa rj rsa csnqus lgk d/kh vkB d/kh ngk] cgq/kk v’kkp i)rhusapkyr vlrsa-

dks.kR;kfg ok³~e;kpk ik;k ekuokph vfHk:phvlrak dkek u;s- dkj.k ^^tUeuk tk;rs ‘kwnz%laLdkjkr~ f}t mP;rsA** ;k ‘kwnzRokph dehr deho;kse;kZnk o;kph 25 o”ks± ekuyh vkgs- eh ,dvfrlkekU; ek.kwl vlY;keqGsa O;f‰Ÿoakrhy gsa‘kwnzRo lai.îkkl eyk iw.kZ 60 o”ks± ykxyh- R;kuarjek÷;k vYierhizek.ksa gsa ‘kwnzRo laiwu vki.k iqjslsizcq) >kyks vkgksr vls tk.koY;kuarjp o;kP;k65 O;k o”khZ eh ys[ku dj.îkkl lqjokr dsyh-^^Kkunso ‘kd** gk ek>k ifgyk ys[k 2003lkyakrhy vkgs- uarjP;k dkGakr Eg.kts 2005i;ZUrKkunso vkf.k KkusÜojh ;kp fo”k;koj 4 ys[kfyfgys- Ek/;arjhP;k dkGakr ^f’ko’kd*] ^egkjk”Vªfnu*] ^foÜo’kd* rlsp egkjk”VªkP;k vfLersykvuql:u eh th ^^egkjk”Vª iapakx fnunf’kZdk** r;kj

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dsyh] frpsa iw.kZ Lo:Ik fo’kn dj.kkjs 4 ys[kfyfgys-

Kku xzg.kkpsa vkf.k Kku nkukpsa ,d izHkkoh lk/ku;k –“Vhus dakgha dkG la’kks/ku d:u eh ,d dWlsVVsi jsdkWMZj r;kj dsyk- gk laiw.kZ vksiu vkgs- dWlsVMªkbZOg dj.kkjk esdWfu>e] izh vWfEIyQk;j] esuvWfEIyQk;j] vkWfLlysVj] vkWVkseWfVd ysOgy dUVªksy]jsfDVQkbZM Mh-lh- vkj- ih- Lohp] jsX;qysVsM ikWojlIyk; ;akrhy loZ dkWEiksuUV~l gs ok;lZlfgr lxGsvksiu vkgs- ;kpsa dyj Nk;kfp=fg dk<wu Bsoysvkgs- rlsp ;k fo|qr~ eaMy ;kstuspk Mk;xzke r;kjdsyk vkgs- ;kph jpuk vkf.k dk;Zi)rhpsa vkdyugks.;klkBha ,d foLr`r ys[k fyfgyk vkgs- ;kojccujko x:M] lrh’k tks’kh v’kk xk;dakph xk.khjsdkWMZ dsyh vkgsr- ccujkoakuh rj rcyk isVhpk,d tksM fdrhrjh fnol ek÷;k ?kjhap Bsoyk gksrk-

xks- uh- nakMsdj- R;akP;kp Hkk”ksar cksyk;ps >kY;klrs ek>sa ?kÍ fe= gksrs- R;akph eyk vfr’k; fiz;>kysyh dknacjh ^^e`.e;h**- R;koj jlxzg.kkRedQkj eksBk ys[k eh fyfgyk vkgs- gsa ek÷;kthouakrhy ,d eksykpsa lek/kku vkgs-

ek÷;k ;k fo|kO;klaxkyk dkWEI;qVjpsa dekyhpslgk¸; >kysa- vo?ks 6 gtkj :i;s nsÅu vkt eh

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30 gtkjkpk dkWEI;qVj okijrks vkgs- ,dk eqykykR;kP;k vMp.khP;k osGha enr dsyh Eg.kwu R;kus gkek÷;k ?kjha vk.kwu Bsoyk- vkrak rks us.îkkl r;kjpukgh- rks Eg.krks] ^^loMhuqlkj eh rqeps loZ iSlsnsbZu- i.k gk d/khp us.kkj ukgh- rqeP;kdMs ek÷;kdkWEI;qVjpsa lksusa >kysa- rqEgh rks g;krHkj okijk-;koj eh 3@4 gtkj :Ik;s [kpZ dsyk- vWfUVOgk;jllkW¶Vosvj] foaMks] ,DLih vkf.k fOgLVk nksUghapkfglekos’k dsyk vkgs- isu MªkbZOg] lh-Mh- jkbZfVax vlk[kwi m|ksx dsyk- ;koj VkbZi dsysY;k ys[kakP;kiq”dG QkbZYl r;kj >kY;k vkgsr-

^bysDVªkWfuDl % izkjaHk o izokl* vlk ek>k ,dys[k-laxzg vkgs- ;akr dWlsVph varxZr jpuk]LihdjphvarxZr jpuk o dk;Z ;karhy ckjdkO;akpsa ri’khyokjo.kZu fnys vkgs-

21 tqySS 1969 viksyks 11 panzkoj mrjysa-R;k laiw.kZ o”kZHkj eh ^Lisl* ;k fo”k;kpk Qkj[kksyoj tkÅu vH;kl dsyk- lxGh orZekui=sa]ekfldsa ;akpk HkykeksÎk xðk r;kj >kyk- R;karhy‘ksdMks dk=.ksa dkiwu dk<yh- 1969lkyha isijphfdaer 10 iSls gksrh- 21] 22] 23] 24] 25 ;kfnolakP;k R;k osGP;k ldkGP;k ifgY;k ikuakP;k,dk daiuharhy dkWUVWªDVjus eyk ika<Ú;k’kqHkz >sjkWDl

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fnY;k- uohu isilZ vkŸkk 10@10 iS’kkyk vk.kysvkgsr vls okVrsa-

21 tqyS 1969 ;k fno’kh ldkGha ekuokusfoÜoakrhy nqlÚ;k xzgxksykoj ifgys ikÅy Bsoysa-Eg.kwu ek÷;k ^egkjk”Vª iapakx fnunf’kZdsar* varjkG;qxakrhy ^foÜo’kd* izkjaHk >kY;kps ekuys vkgs-vkf.k ;koj ,d eksBk ys[k fyfgyk vkgs-ldkGdkjkus d/kh okijyk ukgh vlk eksBk VkbZiokijyk vkgs-

Ekkuo panzkoj mrjyk-vkiyk ewG fo”k; ?ksÅa- ekxs fyfgY;kizek.ksa ek÷;kvk;q”;akrhy ifgyk ys[k 2003 lkyakrhy Eg.ktso;kP;k 65O;k o”khZpk vkgs- rksikosrksa Vkp.ksa] fVi.ksavla[; fyfgyh i.k eyk R;akr dkagha ne okVsuk-1949 iklwu ‘kkys; vH;kl laHkkGwu eyk ukukfo/kfo|kO;klaxkpk tks ,d foy{k.k Nan tMyk rksmŸkjksŸkj ok<rp xsyk- b;Ÿkk 4Fkh iklwu 7oh i;ZUr,dk HkY;k eksBk ykdMh isVkÚ;akr esGîkakP;ki|koY;k] fluseakP;k i|koY;ke/kwu QkMysY;kpakxY;k xk.îkakP;k dkxnakpsa ,d eksBs iqMdsa] Lrks=sa]eaxyk”Vdsa] Üyksdakph iqLrdsa] NksVs dkO;laxzg] dFkk

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laxzg] vlk ,d vtc[kkuk r;kj >kyk gksrk- 8 ohuarj mifu”knkiklwu dqlqekxztki;ZUr izkFkfedLo:ikph cjhp iqLrdsa tek dsyh- 1957 Eg.ktsdkWystP;k ifgY;k o”kkZiklwu rs 1963 i;ZUr Eg.ktsfMQsUle/;sa lfOgZlyk ykxsi;ZUr tkLr eksBh iqLrdsaokp.;kl lqjokr dsyh- 1949 rs 1963 i;ZUrvkRefparu] eukseaFku izpaM izek.kakr >kysa-

eyk vls okVrsa] eyk rls okVrsa] gsa eyk ilarukgh] gsa ek>sa er vkgs] eyk vls Bkei.ksa okVrsabR;kfn- ;k lok±P;k myVlqyV dksyakVmMîkk R;k 14o”kk±r eh gtkjksosGak ekjY;k- vki.k gh Kku-lk/kukdjrks dk\ dak ‘ksa-ikp’ksa iqLrdsa okpwu vki.kvkiY;k ykMD;k dYiuk dqjokGrks vkgksr\ gh Kkulk/kuk ukgh rj gk ‘kgk.ki.kakrhy osMsi.kk lq:a>kyk vkgs- ;k loZ xks”Vh /;kuha vkY;koj ek>sa MksdsHk.kk.kwu xsys- eh dekyhpk vareqZ[k >kyks- gk ek>kvuqHko vkgs- dks.k rwa\ dk; rq>h gSfl;r\ gsadlysa euksjkT; djhr jkfgyk vkgsl\ gsa O;FkZdkygj.k vkgs-

rŸoKku] /keZ] dkO;] lkfgR;] Hkk”kk&laL—r]ejkBh gs ek>s ftOgkGîkkps fo”k; vkgsr- ;k ns’kakrizkphu dkGkiklwups izpaM laL—r HkakMkj vkgs-ejkBharfg Kkunso dkykiklwu Eg.kts ‘kds 1212

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iklwu gtkjks mŸkeksŸke xzaFk fuekZ.k >kys vkgsr- ehvls Bjfoys dha] vkti;ZUrP;k Kkukph oLrqfLFkrhuhV ckjdkbZusa vkf.k n{krsusa igk;ph- 1963 iklwu1998 i;ZUr Eg.kts uksdjhyk ykxY;kiklwulsokfuo`Ÿk gksbZi;ZUr fuoMd eksBeksBîkk xzaFkakpsa likVwuokpu dsys-vftckr g;x; dsyh ukgh-r:.ki.kakrhytks tks’k gksrk] R;kpk iqjsiwj Qk;nk ?ksryk-uksdjharhy ,dp tkxk eh dk;eph /k:u Bsoyh-izeks’kudMs iw.kZ ikB fQjoyh- ;keqGsa eyk isU’kucjhp deh vkgs- dke dakghap ulk;ps i.k ukbZVM;wVhyk yksd daVkGk djk;ps- dkj.k flD;qfjVhpsfdaxeqGsa jk=ha >ksirka ;sr uls- tkxs jgkos ykxs-eyk gh lqo.kZ la/kh feGkyh- eh dk;eph ukbZVekxwu ?ksryh- ,dk jk=har 4@5’ks ikuakpk xzaFk okpwuikj djhr vls- T;akpk laxzg dj.îkkph vko’;drkukgh] uqlR;k okpukusa dke Hkkxsy v’kh ikp gtkjeksBs xzaFk o iqLrdsa uksdjhP;k R;k 35o”kakZr eh okpwudk<yh- ek= T;akpk laxzg dj.kaas vifjgk;Z vkgsv’kh nhM gtkj xzaFk o iqLrdsa ljG [kjsnh dsyh-;akr R;k LoLrkbZP;k dkGakr gtkjks :i;s [kpZ >kys-vkt R;akph fdaer yk[kakr gksbZy- ;k lok±ph50@60 ikuakph mŸke lwph eh r;kj d:u Bsoyhvkgs- T;kyk fpjaru ok³~e; Eg.krkr v’kk xzaFkakpsa

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okpu dls djkos gh Qkj vo?kM dyk vkgs-;klkBha dakgha iF;as dBksji.ks ikyu dj.îkkph lo;ykowu ?;koh ykxrs- rh ftjokoh] eqjokoh ykxrkr-vk;- Vh- Eg.kts bafM;u VWysaV gsa {ks= igk- dso<hizdakM cqf) R;akr dke djrs vkgs- bUQesZ’kuVsDukWykWth vFkok baVusZV ;kpk iq”dGp mi;ksx vkgs-i.k gsa Kku uOgsa] baVusZVyk Kku let.ksa gh 21lkO;k‘krdakrhy va/kJ)k vkgs- ;k {ks=akr vkt?kMhykvxnh lqekj cqf) dke djrs vkgs- xkMhHkj ekfgrhxksGk dj.ksa gsa Kkukpsa y{k.k ukgh] Hkkjokgdkpsay{k.k vkgs-

rŸoKku] /keZ] dkO;] lkfgR; ;k {ks=akr rjvkuanh vkuan vkgs- gsa ekuokP;k varthZoukpsa vk;-Vh- {ks= vkgs- ;k ns’kkyk xkWM baUVkWfDldsVsM yWUMEg.kts bZÜojkusa vfHkHkwr >kysyh Hkwfe vls EgVystkrs- ;sFks [kjk bafM;u VWysUV fnlyk ikfgts- vktlaiw.kZ myVk dkjHkkj lq:a >kyk vkgs- vkt ;k{ks=kyk cqf)eŸksps] fo}Ÿksps okoMs fnlrs vkgs- vkt;k {ks=akr ,T;qdsVsM] gk;yh ,T;qdsVsM yksd vkgsr-i.k yusZM nqfeZG >kys vkgsr- vkt ‘kakdjHkk”;kojdks.khfg izopu djhr ukghr- eEeVkP;k dkO;izdk’kkoj dks.kh fyfgr ukgh] txékFkkpk jlxaxk/kj rjlok±uh tlkdk; otZ ekuyk vkgs- czãlw=’kkfjjHkk”;

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gk vkpk;k±pk 1800 ikuakpk 3 [kaMakr foHkkxysykxzaFk igk- 1940 lkyakrhy ^Kkus‹ojakpsa rŸoKku* gkukxiwj ;qfuOgflZVhps pWUlsyj ‘ka- nk- isaMls ;akpk600 ikuakpk xzaFk- R;kosGha R;kojhy Nkihy fdaer4 :i;s gksrh- 1965 lkyh rks eyk 40 :i;klfeGkyk- vkt R;kph fdaer 500 P;k iq<s tkbZy-^lkSan;Z’kks/k vkf.k vkuancks/k*& jk- Jh- tksx-^lkfgR;akrhy laiznk;* eksBk xzaFk&jk-‘ka-okfGacs- rlspR;akpk ^Kkus‹ojharhy fonX/k jlo`fŸk* 1953lkyakrhy vxnh ckjhd VkbZi] Xyst dkxn] fdaerR;kdkGha 10:i;s- vQkV ifjJe d:u fyfgykvkgs- 350 i`”Vakpk lkfgR;kojhy xzaFk vlY;keqGsavkt R;kph fdaer HkjelkB gksbZy-

^;knodkyhu ejkBh Hkk”kspsa O;kdj.k* iq.ksfo|kihBakr ejkBh QWdYVhps Mhu vlysysa ‘ka- xks-rqGiqGs] eyk nakMsdjp Eg.kkys] R;akP;k ;k xzaFkkpkckjdkbZus vH;kl d:u eh ^eksxjk Qqyyk* ghdknacjh fyfgyh- gh laiw.kZ dknacjh iw.kZi.ksa;knodkyhu Hkk”ksar vkgs- ^ejkBh ok³~e;kpk baxzthvorkj* vls peRdkfjd uako vlysysa nŸkks okeuiksrnkj ;akpsa 1922 lkyakrhy vR;qŸke i.k vfr’k;nqfeZG vlysysa iqLrd nakMsdjakuh ekfxrysa- ehEg.kkyks] d/kh ijr ns.kkj rs lakxk- R;akuh

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lakfxrysY;k eqnrhar 8O;k fno’kha eyk ?kjha vk.kwufnysa- ek.kls tkrkr i.k R;akps xq.k /kzqoklkj[ks lnSopedr jkgrkr gsp [kjs!

vkrak osnok³~e; lksMys rj lok±r izkphu xzaFkxhrsf’kok; nqljk dks.krkp fnlr ukgh- Jhen~Hkxor~xhrk cq)iwoZ 1]000 o”ks± vfLrRoakr gksrh- Eg.ktsbloh luiwoZ 3]500 o”kk±iklwu rh vfLrRoakr vkgs-brdh rh izkphu vkgs- bloh lu 2]000 uarjpfryk egkHkkjrkP;k ‘kakfriok±rwu osxGh dk<wufrP;koj Hkk”; dj.îkkph ijaijk lq:a >kyh vlkohvls vuqeku ‘kadjkpk;k±psa tsa lok±r izkphu Hkk”;R;ko:u gksrs- rs Eg.krkr] ^^rnFkkZfo”dj.kk; vusdS%foo`rininkFkZokD;kFkZU;k;a vfi ykSfddS%vR;Urfo:)vusdvFkZRosu x`áek.ka miyH;------** ‘kadjkpk;kZuarjjkekuqt] oYyHk] fuackdZ] Jh/kj bR;kfn laLÑrHkk”;dkj >kys- ejkBhe/;sa Kkunso] okeu iafMr];akph Hkk”;sa( rlsp vacstksxkbZps nklksiar ;akuh lOokyk[k vksO;akpk ^xhrk.kZo* vlk ,d egklkxj fuekZ.kd:u Bsoyk vkgs- R;akuk jkst 1 <Ccw iS’kkph ‘kkbZykxr vls( ,o<s vQkV ys[ku rs djhr vlr-

;kuarj 19 vkf.k 20 ;k nksu ‘krdakr xhrsojejkBh] fganh] baxzth v’kk Hkk”ksar VhdkRed ‘ksadMksxzaFk fuekZ.k >kys- 1915 lkyha yksdekU; fVGdakpsa

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^xhrkjgL;* izdkf’kr >kY;koj R;kojhy vuqdwyizfrdwy Vhdk izfrVhdakpsa tsa rqacG ;q) ;kiq.;uxjhar xktysa R;keqGsa egkjk”VªkP;k cq)hyk th,d foy{k.k /kkj vkyh vkf.k fparukph th xgurkizkIr >kyh fryk rksM ukgh- ;k leqnz eaFkuakrwuvusd rksykeksykph xzaFkjRusa fuekZ.k >kyh( R;akrhyfuoMd cjhp’kh eh [kjsnh dsyh- oj mYysf[kr Hkk”;savkf.k Vhdk feGwu 100 is{kkfg tkLr xzaFk eh [kjsnhdsys- ;k lokZeqGsa xhrse/;sa eyk [kksyoj izos’k djrkvkyk-

xhrsojhy ys[kekyk gsa ek>sa lok±r egRokpsays[ku vkgs- xhrsoj xsyh 50 o”ks± fparu] euu]fufn/;klu djhr vkyks vkgs- xhrse/khy vusdfo”k;akP;k la’kks/kuklkBha eh dekyhps ifjJe dsysa-xhrsoj vusdakuh fyfgys vkgs i.k rsa xksyeksy ys[ku>kys vkgs- xhrspk lok±xh.k vH;kl cgqrsd dksBspfnlr ukgh- xhrasrhy Üyksd vkf.k insa ;akP;klaféf/kyk rj eqGhp /k:u ulrks gk R;akrhy lok±reksBk nks”k vkgs- xhrkjgL;kP;k osGha dakgha dkG [kwieksBs pSrU; fuekZ.k >kysa gksras- vkrak rj lxGk FkaMkekeyk >kyk vkgs- eksBeksBs ys[kd iqUgk iwohZpsptqus nG.k nGhr clys vkgsr- [kjs Eg.kts ;kys[kdakuk xhrsps eksyp dGys ukgh- thouakr frpsa

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useds LFkku dk; vkgs ;kpk R;akuk [k-;kvFkh± iŸkkukgh-thou Mkokoj ykxY;koj ek.klkus enrhlkBha/kkok/kko djkoh rlk rks xzaFk vkgs- xhrsojfyfg.îkklkBha dso<s ifjJe ?;kos ykxrkr vkf.kfdrh vQkV okpu djkos ykxrs R;kph ;k osMîkakukd’kh dYiuk ;s.kkj\ ;keqGsa vkt?kMhyk xhrsojhytqtch ys[kakuh orZekui=akph tkxk vMfoyh tkrsvkgs- vQkV okpu dk djkos ykxrs\ R;kpsa dkj.klakxrks&

fczVh’k venkuhar o uarjfg xsY;k 200 o”kk±rizpaM izek.kakr brD;k pqdhP;k laLdkjkpk ixMkclyk vkgs vkf.k vkeph cqf) brdh Hkz”V >kyhvkgs dha] rh Hkz”V >kyh vkgs ;kpkfg vkrak iŸkkykxsuklk >kyk vkgs- osMîkkyk d/kh okVrs dkvki.k osMs vkgksr Eg.kwu\ rks ‘kgk.îkkyk Eg.krks]^^rwa osMk vkgsl dk\ d’kh osMîkklkj[kh cMcMdjrksl-** mieU;w ik.îkakr dkyoysysa ihB o lk[kjnw/k Eg.kwu ihr gksrk- vkbZ eyk jkst nw/k nsrs vlsvkbZfo”k;ha rks eksBîkk vfHkekukus lakxs- iq<hy dFkkloZJqr vkgs- rqyusyk nksu fojks/kh oLrw gO;kr uk ![kjs nw/k fiY;kojp rqyuk lq:a >kyh- ;k foLrkjkpkbR;FkZ vlk dha] ;k Hk;adj cqf)HksnkP;k dkGakrvQkV okpukf’kok; rj.kksik; ukgh- ;sFks Fkakcrks-

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