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BIEN CHlTNG CUA QUA TRINH TIEP THU, TRUYEN BA CHU NGHIA MAC-LENIN VAO
VIET NAM CUA HO CHI MINH VA SlJ RA DOl NEN TRIET HOC MAC XIT 6 NlSOc TA
NGUYEN BA DUONG
Ho Chi Minh la nha yeu na6c Viet Nam dau tien den v6i chu nghia Lenin, chu nghia Mac - Lenin va eung la ngUdi Viet Nam d^u tien trd thanh ngUdi cong san chan ehfnh, da tham gia sang lap Dang Cong san Phap va trd thanh thanh vien cua Quoc te Cong san. Cung v6i vice truyen ba chu nghia Mac-Lenin vao phong trao cong nhan quoc te va phong trao dau tranh giai phong cac dan toe thuoc dia, Ho Chi Minh con la ngUdi c6 cong dku tien trong truyen ba ehii nghia Mac - Lenin vao Viet Nam, gieo hat gio'ng cong san va true tiep chuan bi cac dieu kien can thiet cho thang Idi ciia each mang Viet Nam.
1. Hoat dong truyen ba chu nghia Mac- Lenin vao
Viet Nam cua lanh tu N g u y e n Ai Quoc. Trudc sU suy yeu
cua che do phong kien nha Nguyin, thue dan Phap da dem
quan xam lucfc nudc ta. Bon vua quan phong kien Udn hen da
dau hang, ban nu6c cho thUc dan Phap, phan boi truyen
* Ph6 giao sir. Tien si. Hoc vi^n Chi'nh tri Quan sU.
407
thong yeu nUdc va phong trao d&'u tranh chong quan xam lUdc cua nhan dan ta.
Ngay sau khi thUc dan Phap dat chan len dat nUdc Vi^t Nam, nhan dan ta da anh dung dCtng len chong quan xam lUdc. Cac phong trao yeu nUdc. cac cuoc khdi nghia cua nhan dan ta lien tiep no ra. song deu that bai, bi dim trong bien mau. Co the thay, cho den d^u the ky XX. nUdc ta da lam v^o tinh canh khung hoang dudng loi chinh tri, phong trao dA'u tranh chong thUc dan, phong kien cua nhan dan ta da di den dUdng cung, be tac. Tinh hinh den toi khong c6 dUdng ra.
Seng trong canh nu6c mat, nha tan, lai dudc t&n m4t
chiing kien sU that bai cua phong trao yeu nUdc dau the ky
XX, ngUdi thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh tuy rat kham phuc
cac b£ic tien boi, song Anh quyet dinh di tim con dudng cUu
nu6c m6i. Anh da sang chau Au, den cac nUdc Anh, Phap. ndi
chu nghia tU ban tu coi minh la c6 nen van minh nhat de
xem ho "lam Sn" the nao roi ve cung dong bao dau tranh giai
phong dan toe,
Trai qua 10 nSm bon ba tim dudng ciiu nu6c, thUc tiln hoat dong each mang da dUa den cho Nguyen T§'t Thanh nhflng nhan thiic mdi, Anh da rut ra iUdc nhOng nhan x6t, danh gia, tim thay nhOng "tinh hoa" tot dep can tiep thu v ca nhQng gi con han che can phai khac phuc. Vi the. tinh cam va y thiic giai cap d Anh tiTng budc dudc nay nd, y thuc qu^ te d Anh cung dUdc hinh thanh. Do la hanh trang e^n thiet de NgUdi tim toi va den v6i chu nghia Lenin. Ndm 1920. NgUdi da doe dUdc Luan cUdng cua Lenin ve cac van de dan toe va thuoc dia, dang tren bao LHumanite. Ban luan cUdng la Idi giai dap day du va thuyet phuc nhat doi vdi nhQng cau
408
hoi, nhutng thSc mSc ma bay lau NgUdi tran trd, tim toi. NgUcJi viet: "Luan cUdng cua Lenin lam cho toi rat cam dong, pha'n khcii, sang to, tin tUdng biet bao! Toi vui m t o g den phat khoc len! Ngoi mot minh trong buong ma toi noi to len nhu dang noi trU6e quan ehiing dong dao: Hdi dong bao bi doa d^y dau kho, d^y la cai can thiet cho chiing ta, day la con dUdng giai phong chung ta"^
Tir d6, Ho Chf Minh da tim thay eon dUdng cijtu nude,
giai phong dan toe, do la eon dUdng each mang v6 san. Day
1 ket qua ta t yeu cua 10 nam trdi bon ba tim kiem, phat
hien chiJt khong phai la sU t inh cd, sU may m^n "hoan toan
mang tinh ngau nhien" nhu mot so' ngUdi da noi. Tin va di
theo chu nghia Lenin la bu6c nhay vot ve chat trong nhan
thiic cua NgUdi, la mot sU kien dae biet quan trong c6 y
nghia quyet dinh con dxibng di eua lanh tu Nguyen Ai
Quoc va ciia each mang Viet Nam.
Vdi CUdng vi la TrUdng tieu ban Dong Dudng trong Ban
nghien eiiu thuoc dia cua Dang Cong san Phap, trong nhieu
hoi nghi, moi liie, moi ndi, c6 dieu kien la NgUdi cong khai
phat bieu y kien de khang dinh vai tro tien phong cua ly luan
Mac - Lenin va su can thiet phai tuyen truyen sau rong ly
lu^n khoa hoc cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin vao phong trao cong
nhan va qu^n ehung nhan dan lao dong; dong thdi keu goi
Dang Cong san Phap va Quoc te III Cong san can quan tam
diing mxlc den v^'n de thuoc dia. Khong dijtng lai d do, NgUdi
da ti'ch cue cung mot so' nha hoat dong each mang cua cac
1. H6 Chi Minh. Todn tap, xuS't ban Ian thiif 2. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Hd Noi. 1996, tap 10. tr. 127.
409
nucic thupe dia Phap thanh lap "Hoi lien hiep thuoc dia" vk
xuat ban bao La Paria (NgUdi cung kho) do NgUdi trUc tiep
\km chu nhiem kiem chu but. Vdi sU ra ddi cua td bao. cong
viec truyen ba sau rong chu nghia Mac - Lenin v^o phong
tr^o cong nhan va cac dan tpc thuoc dia cua NgUdi dUdc the
hien b^ng mot to chdc, c6 nhieu ngUdi tham gia. sU Ian tea
va anh hUdng cua td bao d pham vi r^'t rong rai. Ten vk noi
dung cua td bao chiing to tu tUdng giai phong con ngUdi d Ho
Chi Minh xuat hien tit rat s6m va sau sac. dudc cac t^ng Idp
nhan dan, nhd't la nhan dan cac nu6c thuoc dia don nh^n. tin
tudng va di theo.
Trong thdi gian cong tac d Lien X6 (1923-1924), Ho Chi Minh da tham dU Hoi nghi Quoc te nong dan, Dai hoi Quoc te thanh nien, Quoc te Ciiru quoc do, Quoc te Cong hoi do..., sau do vao hoe 16p boi du3ng tai TrUdng Dai hoc PhUdng Dong. Tiong cac Hoi nghj. NgUdi da phat bieu y kien ca ngdi Lenin va cong cuoc xay dung chu nghia xa hoi d Lien Xd. Dong thdi, NgUdi da de tam nghien et(u Chinh sdch kinh t(
mdi cua Lenin va nhijtng bai hoc kinh nghiem ve tien hAnh each mang xa hoi chu nghia, xay dung Nha nUdc X6 Vi^t. Sau do, NgUdi da viet tac phslm Nhat ky chim tdu de tuyen truyen gia tri va y nghia cua cua nghia Mae-Lenin va khfing dinh tinh uu viet cua che do xa hoi chu nghia d Lien X6. Tac pham nay da dude tai ban va truyen ba rong rai d Anh. Phap, Nga va mot so' nUde thuoc dia cua Phap. Cung thdi gian d6» Ho Chi Minh da viet Ban an che do thUc dan Phap, tac phAm chiia dung nhieu quan diem duy vat lieh su, xuat ban d Phap nam 1925, de to cao toi ac cua chii nghia thuc dan Phap, neu ro noi thong kho cua nhan dan cac thuoc dia; qua do keu goi
410
Quoc te Cong san giup dd ho, chi cho ho eon dUdng di t6i each
mang va giai phong. Ngay sau do, tac pham nay da dudc cac
thuy thu cua ta phuc vu tren cac tau buon eua Phap chuyen
ve Viet Nam. Rat nhieu thanh nien Viet Nam biet tieng
Phap da doc tac pham nay va pho bien cho nhieu ngUdi biet
toi ac cua thuc dan Phap.
Nam 1924, Nguyen Ai Quo'c t6i Quang Chau (Trung
Qu6c), CI do NgUdi da sang lap "Viet Nam thanh nien each
mang dong chi hoi", ra bao Thanh nien va rad 16p trUc tiep
dao tao can bo cho each mang Viet Nam. Doc cuon Dudng
Kdch minh eua NgUdi (1927), chiing ta thay toat len tu tUdng
triet hoc duy vat lieh sii rat sau s ic vdi hai noi dung cd ban:
Mdt 1 , khAng dinh gia tri, y nghia va sU c^n thiet phai
nghien ciiu, hoc tap ly luan khoa hoc cua chu nghia Mac-
Lenin. Ve dieu nay, NgUdi viet: "Bay gid hoc thuyet nhieu,
chu nghia nhieu, nhUng chu nghia chan chinh nhat, chac
chan nhat, each mang nhat la chu nghia Lenin"'; Hai la, eon
dUdng di cua each mang Viet Nam va nhiem vu cua ngUdi
lam each mang. Do la nhiing ket luan quan trong, khang
dinh mot hudng di hoan toan dung dan.
Co the noi rang the gidi quan va phUdng phap luan Mae-
Lenin da giup Ho Chi Minh nhin nhan, danh gia, phan ti'ch.
tong ket kinh nghiem each mang the gi6i va tim ra eon dudng
giai phong dan toe Viet Nam.
Trong cac Van kien thanh lap Dang Cong san Viet Nam,
Ho Chi Minh da c6' ging truyen ba nhiing noi dung cot loi
1. Ho Chi Minh. Toan tap, tdp 2. Nxb Chinh trj Qnoc gia. Ha Noi. 1995, tr. 268.
411
cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin vao phong trao cong nhan vi nhan dan lao dong Viet Nam. Cac van kien do da trd thanh Cudng linh dau tien ciia Dang ta.
Ngoai y nghia la truyen ba chu nghia Mac - Lenin vko
Viet Nam, cac bai noi, bai viet cua NgUdi deu the hien ro sU
vkn dung va phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mac - Lenin vao
thuc tien each mang Viet Nam.
Tong ket kinh nghiem, thang Idi cua each mang Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh chi ro, thang Idi cua chung ta, trudc het \k nhd cai vu khi khong gi thay the dUdc la chu nghia Mac-Lenin. NgUdi coi chu nghia Mac-Lenin khong chi la "cai cam nang" th in ky, la kim chi nam cho hanh dong, ma eon 1 m^t trdi soi sang con dUdng chiing ta di den thSng Idi cuoi cung, di tdi chu nghia xa hoi va chu nghia cong san. Vi le do, NgUdi danh gia rat cao cong lao cua Lenin do i vdi sU nghiep giai phong cac dan toe thuoc dia: NgUdi viet: "Lenin la ngUdi d^u tien da hieu va danh gia het t^m quan trong idn lao cua viec loi cuon nhan dan cac dan toe thuoc dia v^ phong trao each mang. Lenin la ngUdi dku tien da chi ro rSng, neu khong c6 sU tham gia cua cac dan toe thuoc dia, thi each mang xa hoi chu nghia khong the c6 dUdc". Trong bai "Lenir\ vd cac dan tpc thuoc
dia", Ho Chi Minh viet: "Khi con song, NgUdi la ngUdi cha, thay hoc, dong chi va co van cua chiing ta. Ngay nay, NgUdi la ngoi sao sang chi dUdng cho chiing ta di tdi cuoc each mang xa hoi. Lenin bat diet se song mai trong sU nghiep cua chiing ta". NgUdi khang dinh: Muo'n sU nghiep each mang thanh cong. noi torn lai la phai lam theo chu nghia Ma Khac Tu va Lenin.
NhOng dieu NgUdi neu tren cung la sU kh^ng dinh gia trj
412
v^ y nghia khoa hoc, each mang cua ehu nghia Mac-Lenin va
sU cin thiet phai nghien etru, hoc tap chu nghia Mac-Lenin
den miic nao. Tai sao sU truyen ba chu nghia Mac-Lenin vao
Viet Nam eua NgUdi lai dat hieu qua dang kinh trong nhU
vky? Nghien cijfu phUdng thiic truyen ba chu nghia Mac-
L^nin, cac bai noi, bai viet eua NgUdi, chiing ta thay it khi
NgUdi trich dkn nguyen van cau viet, Idi noi cua C.Mae, cua
V.LLenin ma thudng dien dat ngin gon, d l hieu, luon phii
hdp vdi trinh dp nhan thiic, hieu biet eua dong bao. Day la
diem dac sic trong phUdng phap giao due, tuyen truyen ly
lufin Mac-Lenin cua NgUdi. Dieu nay khong phai ai cung c6
dUde nhOng phSm eh^'t dac biet nhu lanh tu Ho Chi Minh.
Cai tinh tuy ma NgUdi c6 dUdc la ket qua cua mot qua trinh
rdn dua cong phu, nghiem tiie. Co le. Ho Chi Minh la ngUdi
duy nhat den vdi chu nghia Mae-Lenin vdi muc dich ro rang
nhat "di sang cac nU6e PhUdng Tay, ndi eo nen van minh
phat trien de xem ho "lam an" nhu the nao, hoc tap kinh
nghiem eua ho de dem ve nu6e giiip dong bao dau tranh giai
phong dan toe".
Hanh trang Ngudi den vdi chu nghia Mac-Lenin la ph^m
chat v^ tri tue ma ngUdi da thau thai tit tinh hoa van hoa
phudng Dong va phUdng Tay sau nhieu nam trai nghiem va
tich luy. Den vdi chu nghia Mac-Lenin, NgUdi da thong thao
tieng Han, tieng Phap, tieng Anh... lam cho NgUdi d l dang
giao tiep, quan he va llnh hoi tri thiic nhan loai, nhd do
NgUdi da viet bao, viet sach, lam thd hang tieng Han, tieng
Anh, tieng Phap... Phai chang do chinh la coi nguon SLTC
manh cua viec tuyen truyen, siic Ian toa nhanh nhay va sau
r6ng tu tUdng cua NgUdi den cac t^ng 16p nhan dan d cac
41.?
nudc thuoc dia. Theo logic cua no, cac nguon thong tin nky
khong bat dong ma theo nhieu con dUdng khac nhau. hodc 1
true tiep, hoac Ik gian tiep, da dudc Ian truyen sang Vi^t
Nam. Co the khang dinh rang. Ho Chi Minh la bieu tu^ng
cua sU ket hdp nhuan nhuyen giOa van hoa tU tUdng phUdng
Dong va phudng Tay. nhuan nhuyen giOa tiep thu. truyen
ba, van dung va phat trien chu nghia Mac-Lenin trong dieu
kien mdi; phu hdp vdi hoan canh, dieu kien lieh su cu the.
Chu nghia Mac-Lenin da tham sau vao tU tUdng cua NgUdi.
nhuan nhuyen den miie khien cho sU truyen ba chu nghia
Mae -Lenin dUde the hien nhu la sU ket tinh tat ca nhiitnggi
la tinh tuy nhat cua 2 nen van hoa phUdng Dong va phUdng
Tay. Co le vi the ma siic manh truyen ba chu nghia Mac-
Lenin ciia NgUdi dat hieu qua cao, de di vao long ngUdi; dU(?c
nhan dan don nhan, tin tUdng va lam theo.
2. Tac dong cua viec t r u y e n ba chu nghia Mac-Lenin doi vdi sU hinh t h a n h va p h a t t r i en ixi ixidng triet hpc Viet Nam nufa dau the ky XX
Chu nghia Mac-Lenin chinh la nguon goc ly luAn quyfit dinh budc phat trien mdi ve ehfk't trong tU tUdng Ho Chi Minh. Neu khong c6 chu nghia Mac<4_,enin. Ho Chi Minh cung chi la mot nha yeu nude nhU bao nha yeu nUdc khac d Viet Nam dau the ky XX: chung mot khat vong giai phong dong bao gianh tU do, doe lap. Neu khong doc dudc Lu^n CUdng eua Lenin, chua den dUdc vdi chu nghia Lenin thi Ho Chi Minh khong the tiep thu va truyen ba ly luan khoa hoc Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam va do do khong the ddt nen mong cho tu tUdng triet hoc macxit dam choi. nay Ipc va ddm hoa ket trai d Viet Nam. Chinh ly luan Mac - Lenin da trang bi
414
cho Ho Chi Minh the gidi quan va phudng phap luan duy vat bien chiing de NgUdi tim ra con dUdng eiiu nude mdi, dua NgUdi vUdt han len phia trude so vdi nhiJtng ngUdi yeu nUde cung thdi, kh ic phuc can ban sU khung hoang ve chinh tri va sU be tac ve dUdng loi dau t ranh giai phong dan toe, "gieo mim cong san" d Viet Nam d^u the ky XX.
Ro rang, chii nghia Mac - Lenin la the gidi quan, nhan
sinh quan va phUdng phap luan khoa hoc, each mang, giiip
NgUdi tong ket lieh sit va kinh nghiem thUe tien, chon loc
nhOng gi la tinh tuy nhat, can thiet nhat de truyen ba vao
Viet Nam; khdi nguon, d i p mong cho tU tUdng Triet hoc dau
theky XX phat trien; khac phuc quan diem duy tam, ton giao
thong tri xa hoi ta thdi do.
NgUdi Viet Nam tiep thu chu nghia Mac-Lenin, lam theo
phUdng phap lusln macxit, dung nhu Ho Chi Minh ran day:
ndm lay cai tinh than, cai ban chat "cot loi", "linh hon song"
cua no la phudng phap bien chiing va van dung lap trUdng,
quan diem duy vat bien chiing, duy vat lieh sii vao cuoc song
de tim ra nhiing chu trUdng, giai phap, bien phap phu hdp
cho titng hoan canh cu the de thUc hien mue dich each mang,
chtt khong phai tiep thu chii nghia Mac-Lenin de thanh lap
trUdng phai triet hoe no, mon phai triet hoe kia va dUng len
cac van de triet hoc de ban luan xa rdi thuc tien. Su phat
trien tu tUdng triet hoe macxit d Viet Nam dau the ky XX la
ket qua tat yeu ciia qua trinh xam nhap va tham thau chu
nghia Mae - Lenin d Viet Nam; nhd do ma tU tUdng triet hoc
Viet Nam d^u the ky XX "lot xac", triit bo "bg quan ao thay
tu" kho hanh cua chu nghia duy tam, ton giao, di vao thUe
tiln each mang. dong vai tro kim chi nam cho hanh dong cua
415
Dang, soi sang dUdng cho quan chiing nhan dan dau tranh vi
muc tieu giai phong dan tpc, gianh doc lap. tu do, am no,
hanh phiic. Co the khang dinh r^ng, su xam nhAp va Ian tea
manh me eua chu nghia Mac - Lenin d Viet Nam nhCitng nfim
d^u the ky XX la yeu to dong vai tro quyet dinh sU hinh
thanh va phat trien tU tUdng triet hoc macxit - hat nhan cua
he tu tUdng cua giai cap v6 san d nUde ta.
Cong lao to Idn cua Ho Chi Minh trong viec dAt nen m6ng
xay dung nen triet hoc macxit d Viet Nam con the hien d cho.
NgUdi da gin nhiing nguy§n ly pho bien ciia chu nghia Mac-
I^nin vdi tinh hoa tu tUdng, van hoa cua dan tpc Viet Nam
v^ tu tUdng, vkn hoa phudng Dong lam triet ly nhan sinh chi
dao hanh dong. Ro rang, viec trang hi the gidi quan, phUdng
phap luan khoa hoe, each mang cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin
cho dpi ngu can bo cot can d Viet Nam dau the ky XX. Ho Chi
Minh da giiip ho vUdt len tren cac nha yeu nude tien boi mpt
each CO y thiic, de hp vUdt qua bien gidi cua nUdc minh. ho^
nhap vko each mang the gidi, sang \kp ra Dang macxit-
leninnit, dpi tien phong cua giai cap cong nhan, bo tham muu
chien dau eo to chUe va la to ehiic cao nhat cua giai cap cong
nhan va nhan dan lao dong Viet Na|n. Viec truyen ba chu
nghia Mac - Lenin vao Viet Nam trong nhOng nAm 20, 30
eua the ky XX va anh hudng cua no den su hinh thanh tU
tUdng triet hoc macxit thdi ky nay chu yeu la xac lap the gidi
quan khoa hpc, nhan sinh quan each mang. Tinh th^n "bien
chiing phap" da the hien sau s ic trong cac v^n kien, nghj quyet. chu trUdng, chinh sach cua Dang. Nghien ciiu cac Vftn kien thanh lap Dang nhu Chinh cUcfng van tat, Sdch lU0c
van tat, Dieu le Dang vdn tdt do Ho Chi Minh khdi thao v4
416
cac Nghi quyet cua Dang ta soan thao tit nam 1930 den trUdc
Cach mang thang Tam, chiing ta thay tat ca cac van kien,
nghi quyet cua Dang deu toat len tinh than eua chii nghia
duy vi t bien chiing va chu nghia duy vat lieh sii. Dieu dang
tiec la chua c6 nhieu tac pham triet hpc nao do cac tac gia
Viet Nam viet va cong bo trong thdi gian nay. Nhin ehung, sU
khdi dong d^u tien ciia triet hpc Viet Nam da dien ra trong
dieu kien, hoan canh rat dac biet, ket qua tuy con rat khiem
ton, nhUng no da dat nen mong can thiet la xac lap va kh^ng
dinh the gidi quan va phUdng phap luan khoa hpc d nude ta,
v6i tu each la tao tien de de nganh triet hpc ra mat va phat
trien sau Cach mang thang Tam, lam tron sii menh lieh sii
cua minh, la gop phSn thuc hien tot nhiem vu ma Dang, Nha
nUdc v^ nhan dan giao cho.
Diing v£iy, chinh sU ra ddi va yeu e^u, nhiem vu xay dung,
cung CO, Nha nude Viet Nam Dan chii Cong hoa da thoi thiic
nganh triet hpc va nhiing ngUdi lam triet hpc Viet Nam bat
tay nghien ciiu, giang day va truyen ba mot each c6 he thong
triet hpc Mac - Lenin va triet hpc nhan loai de nang cao trinh
do nhan thiic, giai thich, bien doi va eai tao the gidi nhu Mac
da tirng noi. Y tUdng da c6, chUdng trinh hanh dong da dudc
dat ra. Tuy nhien, sau Cach mang thang Tam, nhan dan ta
lai phai tiep tuc khang chien chong quan xam lUdc Phap de
bao ve nen doe lap va thong nhat To quoc. Do vay, trong dieu
ki n chien tranh, chiing ta ehUa the tien hanh nghien eiiu
triet hoc mot each bai ban, c6 he thong va dat hieu qua cao.
Song cung dang ke la sU xu^'t hien mot so tac ph^m triet hpc
thai ky nay. Do la Vw tru quan ciia GS Tran Van Giau, viet
1948 (nam 1956, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Noi in lai, 293 trang);
417
cuon Duy vdt lieh sit cua GS Tr^n Vdn Giau, xuat ban 1949,
244 trang, cuon Lieh silt triet hoc PhUctng Tay cua Giao sU
Dang Thai Mai, xu^'t ban 1950. Du eon it 6i. nhUng sU hien dien
eua cac tac ph§m nay da khang dinh ket qua budc d^u cua
qua trinh truyen ba ehii nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam.
Sau ngay hoa hinh lap lai (1954). do yeu cAu. nhiem vu cua each mang. cong tac nghien ciiu. giang day. truyen ba triet hpc d mien Bac xa hoi chii nghia dUde tien hanh deu dan, CO ke hoach va dUde chi dao thong nh^'t. Ngoai viec in vk xuat ban cac tac ph^m triet hpc nhu Bien chiing phdp cua GS Tran Van Giau (1955), Lieh sU triet hoc Mdc va Lieh sii Tu tiidng triet hoc Mdc cua GS Tran Diic Thao thi sU kien dang chii y la sU ra ddi Khoa Triet hpc cua trUdng Chinh trj trung cao cap quan dpi thang 6/1956 va sau do 1 Khoa Triet hpc trUdng Dang cao cap Nguyen Ai Quoc, To Triet hpc thuoc Uy ban Khoa hpc Nha nude, nay la Vien Triet hpc. cilng vdi sU hinh thanh cac bp mon Mac-Lenin d cac trUdng dai hpc. Nhd do, viec nghien ciiu. giang day, truyen ba triet hpc Mac -Lenin ng^y cang bai ban hdn.
De tao tien de cho sU phat trien mdi ciia nen triet hpc nUdc nha, trong nhiing ndm 1960. Dang va nha nUdc ta da chpn yk giix nhieu sinh vien, thuc tap sinh, nghien cUu sinh di hpc t^p triet hpc d cac trUdng Dang va trUdng Dai hpc d Lien X6. Trung Quoc. Nhieu ngUdi hpc xong da ve nUdc cong tac, hp \k nhan cot thiic day chuyen nganh triet hpc phat trien, da thanh lap nhieu To triet hpc d cac trUdng cao dang, dai hoc. Sau khi To quoc thong nhat (1975), Dang, Nha nUdc da cho phep thanh lap Khoa Triet hpc thuoc TrUdng Dai hpc Tong hdp Ha Noi, Khoa Triet hpc thupe TrUdng Tong hdp thanh pho Ho Chi Minh va nhieu bp mon triet hpc d cac trUdng dai
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hpc, cao dang khac. Do \k sU chu^n bi nguon rat cd ban de vao nhiing nam dau thap ky 90 eua the ky XX, chiing ta b i t dku dao tao thae si va tien si triet hpc.
Ke tit ngay chii nghia Mac-Lenin dUde truyen ba vao Viet Nam den nay, sau g^n 8 thap nien nhin lai, chiing ta that sU tu hao ve sU phat trien eua nganh triet hpc Viet Nam, c6 the noi chiing ta di tit khong den c6. Hien nay, chiing ta c6 hai Vien Triet hpc thupe Vien Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam va Hpc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh va 7 khoa Triet hpc thuoc cac Hpc vien Chinh tri quan sU, Hpc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia khu vuc phia Bac, khu vue mien Trung (Da Nang), khu vuc phia Nam, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Dai hpc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van Ha Noi, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hoi va Nhan van Thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hoi va Nhan van Hue va nhieu bp mon triet hpc thupe cac trUdng Dai hpc, Cao d^ng; chxing ta eo Tap chi chuyen nganh: Tap
chi Triet'hoc va nhieu tap chi lien nganh. Dpi ngu can bp nghien eiiu, giang day va hpc tap chuyen nganh triet hpc ngay cang tang ve so' ludng va chat ludng, dpi ngii GS, PGS, thac si, tien si triet hpc ngay cang dong, moi nam chiing ta dao tao khoang 500 eii nhan triet hpc. Dieu dang mitng la trong chUdng trinh giang day ciia cac trUdng dai hpc, cao d§ng va trung hpc chuyen nghiep, mon triet hpc (gom lieh su triet hpc, duy vat bien chiing, duy vat lieh sii) c6 vi tri rat quan trpng, chiem mot khoang thdi gian kha 16n 4-6 ddn vi hoc trinh, bang 60-90 tiet, ngoai ra cac mon logic, ton giao va chii nghia v6 than khoa hpc, my hpc, dao diic hpc, triet hpc trong khoa hoc tu nhien... da va dang dude dUa vao giang day 0 h^u het cac trUdng dai hpc. cao d^ng... Hang nam, eo hang tr^m luan van tot nghiep dai hpc, luan van thac si, luan an
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tien si triet hpc dUdc bao ve thanh cong, c6 hang chuc diu sach triet hpc dUdc xuat ban...
Co the khang dinh r^ng. viec truyen ba chii nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam ciia lanh tu Nguyin Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh CO y nghia dac biet quan trpng quyet dinh su ra ddi ciia nganh triet hpc Viet Nam hien dai - triet hpc Mac-Lenin cung nhu nhieu nganh khoa hpc khac, diing nhu NgUdi khang dinh: chiing ta gianh dUde nhieu thang Idi trudc het la nhd cac vii khi khong gi thay the dUde la chii nghia Mac -Lenin. Doi vdi sU hinh thanh v^ phat trien triet hpc Mac -Lenin d Viet Nam cung khong n^m ngoai dftc diem c6 tinh quy lu^t do.
Su ra ddi v^ phat trien cua Triet hpc d Vi^t Nam d^u ih^ ky XX da gop ph^n giiip nhan dan Viet Nam hieu biet sau s4c hdn chii nghia Mac-Lenin; hdn the, triet hpc da va dang nghien ciiu, tong ket, giai dap nhOng v^'n de do thuc tien dflt ra, cung c§'p cac luan cii khoa hpc cho Dang, Nh^ nUdc trong viec hoach dinh dUdng loi, chinh sach, thUe hien thanh cong Cach mang thang Tam, khang chien chong Phap, chong My th ing Idi va ngay nay dang thiic hien muc tieu: dan gidu. nude manh, xa hoi cong b^ng, binh dang va vkn minh; tich cUc tham gia tren mat tran dau trarfh tu tudng. ly lu^n. chong cac quan diem sai trai, bao ve v^ phat trien chii nghia Mac-Lenin, dudng loi ciia Dang, phap luat ciia Nh^ nUdc. Triet hpc da va dang gop ph^n dac luc lam cho chii nghia Mac-Lenin. tU tUdng Ho Chi Minh thuc sU 1 nen tang tU tUdng. kim chi nam cho hanh dong ciia Dang ta v^ each mang Viet Nam.
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